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Caterpillar loss through grassland harvest differs between two related butterfly species of conservation concern 两种相关的受保护蝴蝶物种因收割草地而损失的毛虫数量不同
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12692
Gwydion Scherer, Thomas Fartmann

温带、半自然草原是传统土地利用方式的产物,具有丰富的生物多样性。然而,由于农业工业化,这些草原严重减少。因此,在营养贫乏的草地上,一些特殊的物种,如与之密切相关的蝴蝶Nickerls贝母Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850年和沼泽贝母Euphydyras aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科),由于草地的丧失和退化,在上个世纪经历了强烈的衰退。本文首次研究了草地从割草到被割植被被清除的整个收获过程对毛虫存活的影响。为了评估存活率,我们在收获过程前后采集了物种幼虫和环境条件,并使用广义线性混合效应模型分析了结果。我们的研究表明,在一次被割草机割草的草地上,收获过程会导致大量的毛虫损失,这受(i)寄主植物的生长形式和(ii)草地收获时间的影响。因此,在采收过程中,金夜蛾的寄主植物琥珀(sucisa prantensis)失去了近一半的叶子,而晚采对已经开始冬眠的毛虫尤其有害。总体而言,与白毛杆菌相比,黄毛杆菌损失更大,而且在刈割晚的湿润草甸中损失最为严重。为了提高金银花的存活率,我们建议在冬眠开始前使用条形割草机进行刈割。补充,或者如果割草是在晚些时候完成的,至少20%的草甸应该以空间旋转的方式作为未受影响的避难所。
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引用次数: 0
Nest aggregations of wild bees and apoid wasps in urban pavements: A ‘street life’ to be promoted in urban planning 城市人行道上的野蜂和无尾黄蜂巢穴群:城市规划中应提倡的 "街道生活
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12689
Grégoire Noël, Violette Van Keymeulen, Yvan Barbier, Sylvie Smets, Olivier Van Damme, Gilles Colinet, Sophie Lokatis, Julien Ruelle, Frédéric Francis

在过去的10年里,人们对基于自然的解决方案和生态系统服务(如授粉)的兴趣急剧增加,因此需要收集有关野生蜜蜂和寄生蜂群落动态的知识,特别是在城市生态系统中。关于城市环境如何影响筑巢地条件的研究相对较少。最近在布鲁塞尔-首都地区(BCR;比利时)的研究表明,城市人行道可以为地面筑巢的膜翅目昆虫提供替代的筑巢机会,如野生蜜蜂和寄生蜂。在这里,我们使用公民科学的方法,调查了生活在城市人行道下的地面筑巢物种的丰富程度,以及它们对人行道特征的偏好。在比利时BCR (BCR)的89个地点共鉴定到野蜂、土蜂及其伴生寄生蜂10科22种。砂岩或混凝土板的未粘结接缝尺寸约为10毫米,是最适合地面筑巢物种的城市人行道。路面下土壤质地以沙质颗粒为主。我们提出了管理指南,以支持蜜蜂和黄蜂物种在高度城市化地区的城市人行道下筑巢。我们的观察结果为城市生态学领域的进一步研究铺平了道路,并强调了多功能路面设计的潜力,不仅可以促进气候适应,还可以促进生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Primicimex cavernis Barber 1941 (Heteroptera: Cimicidae): A rare parasite on a very abundant host Primicimex cavernis Barber 1941 (Heteroptera: Cimicidae):一种寄生在大量寄主上的罕见寄生虫
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12691
S. Roth, O. Calva, J. Kennedy, K. Reinhardt

摘要物种丰富度与寄主和寄生虫的丰度往往不完全相关。这可能是由于寄生虫的灭绝率高于宿主或种群数量的下降,但也有人认为发现寄生虫的努力较低。墨西哥无尾蝙蝠Tadarida brasiliensis是美洲最常见和分布最广的脊椎动物之一,是Primicimex洞穴外寄生虫的宿主,世界上只有6个地点的14份文献记录。在这里,我们确认了一个比宿主范围小得多的寄生虫。两次专门的实地考察发现了两个新的洞穴洞室线虫遗址。在德克萨斯州,我们发现8个站点中有87%的洞穴状假体呈阴性。然而,这更可能反映了罕见性而不是低发现努力,因为在索诺拉的一个大种群(1000个个体)中,在16个采样日期中,推定的阴性记录仅发生在31%。目前,人们只在美国的一个洞穴和墨西哥的一个洞穴中发现了洞穴洞虫的活体个体。保护这些现有的遗址是必要的,以保护这种有魅力的动物,但它不应该让我们放弃发现新遗址的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Trophic level and specialization moderate effects of habitat loss and landscape diversity on cavity-nesting bees, wasps and their parasitoids 营养级和专业化缓和栖息地丧失和景观多样性对穴巢蜜蜂、黄蜂及其寄生虫的影响
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12688
Felix Klaus, Teja Tscharntke, Ingo Grass

生境丧失是生物多样性下降的主要驱动因素,但物种对生境丧失的响应在本地和景观尺度上的差异尚不清楚。营养水平、食物和生境专门化已被认为是物种对栖息地丧失、景观多样性和景观规模反应的重要预测指标。利用石灰质草原上蜜蜂、黄蜂及其寄生蜂的洞穴筑巢群落作为模型系统,我们可以比较不同物种在营养水平、栖息地和食物专业化程度上的反应。我们发现,与低营养水平的物种相比,高营养水平的物种在更大的空间尺度上经历了半自然栖息地,但只有当它们是多面手(蜜蜂的丰度,150米半径,相对于以食草动物为食的黄蜂,450米半径),而不是专才(蜜蜂,150米半径,相对于蜜蜂寄生蜂,150米半径)时,寄生蜂在食物资源(宿主)方面通常更专业化,与捕食者(如捕食黄蜂)相比,寄生蜂。在与寄主相同的空间尺度上对栖息地丧失做出反应,表明资源可得性具有很强的自下而上效应,即寄主可得性驱动寄生蜂的丰度。蜜蜂主要是钙质草原的生境专家,主要受当地生境丧失的驱动,而黄蜂则主要受景观多样性的影响。我们的研究强调需要考虑不同的空间尺度,这取决于目标物种群体的营养水平和专业化,维持或恢复当地栖息地和景观多样性,因为这是成功保护它们所必需的。
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引用次数: 0
Revealing suitable micro- and macrohabitat characteristics to save the critically endangered Chilean saproxylic beetle Sclerostomulus nitidus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) 揭示适宜的微观和宏观生境特征,拯救极度濒危的智利有袋甲虫 Sclerostomulus nitidus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12690
Rodrigo M. Barahona-Segovia, Silvio J. Crespin, Francisco Pizarro-Sobarzo, Enzo Brito-Rozas, Matías Tobar-González

腐木类昆虫对腐木的生存有特定的要求,如腐烂的后期。然而,在世界上的一些地方,朽木目前被认为是一种濒危资源。Poqui的鹿角甲虫(鞘翅目:鹿角虫科)是一种极度濒危的生孢子虫,在2010年被重新发现,但目前非学术收集威胁着它在预计10年内的灭绝。我们的主要目的是通过将黑桫椤的丰度与植被类型(纯黑桫椤林分与亲湿林分)和海拔高度等枯木微生境变量联系起来,确定恢复该物种种群的关键宏观和微生境工具。我们测量了枯木的腐烂阶段(低、中、高)、枯木的体积和长度,以及枯木生长的植被类型和海拔高度,并利用GLM分析评估了这些变量作为枯木丰度的预测因子。我们发现丰度(当前和预测)与木材高腐烂阶段和低海拔高度密切相关(90%)。通过(i)替换低质量的高度腐烂的枯木,但保持相同的体积,(ii)作为一种新的野外试验,注入高度合适的栖息地来恢复微栖息地,可能是拯救牛耳草的最佳短期到中期替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
A comparison of summer, fall and winter estimates of monarch population size before and after milkweed eradication from crop fields in North America 比较北美农作物田中奶草被铲除前后夏季、秋季和冬季帝王斑数量的估计值
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12687
John Pleasants, Wayne E. Thogmartin, Karen S. Oberhauser, Orley R. Taylor, Carl Stenoien

自20世纪90年代中期以来,对msamuxico越冬君主所占据的面积的测量显示出下降。然而,对帝王蝶的夏季调查并没有显示出类似的下降。这种差异导致了一个命题,即夏季帝王蝶的数量实际上是稳定的,而迁徙过程中死亡率的增加导致了越冬数量的下降。另一种与之竞争的假设是,这种差异是由于夏季计数的抽样偏差造成的,而夏季种群数量的下降是由于20世纪90年代末至21世纪初中期,马利筋栖息地从农田中被消灭。我们认为,抽样偏差发生在作物田乳草减少的时期,是由于没有在作物田取样造成的。我们检查了在秋季迁徙期间进行的三种人口规模测量和四种夏季调查测量,并将它们与越冬测量进行了比较。迁徙帝王蝶的计数预计不会有这种抽样偏差,因为迁徙帝王蝶来自所有栖息地,包括农田。在铲除马利筋期间,迁徙种群数量与越冬种群数量呈正相关,而夏季调查种群数量与越冬种群数量呈正相关。马利筋从农田根除后,所有种群测量值相互相关。这些结果表明,在根除前阶段,夏季种群数量不是夏季种群规模的准确度量。在越冬地观察到的种群趋势反映了影响夏季种群大小的因素,主要是乳草的损失。
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引用次数: 0
National records of 3000 European bee and hoverfly species: A contribution to pollinator conservation 3000种欧洲蜜蜂和气垫苍蝇的国家记录:对传粉昆虫保护的贡献
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12680
Sara Reverté, Marija Miličić, Jelena Ačanski, Andrijana Andrić, Andrea Aracil, Matthieu Aubert, Mario Victor Balzan, Ignasi Bartomeus, Petr Bogusch, Jordi Bosch, Eduardas Budrys, Lisette Cantú-Salazar, Sílvia Castro, Maurizio Cornalba, Imre Demeter, Jelle Devalez, Achik Dorchin, Eric Dufrêne, Aleksandra Đorđević, Lisa Fisler, Úna Fitzpatrick, Simone Flaminio, Rita Földesi, Hugo Gaspar, David Genoud, Benoît Geslin, Guillaume Ghisbain, Francis Gilbert, Andrej Gogala, Ana Grković, Helge Heimburg, Fernanda Herrera-Mesías, Maarten Jacobs, Marina Janković Milosavljević, Kobe Janssen, Jens-Kjeld Jensen, Ana Ješovnik, Zsolt Józan, Giorgos Karlis, Max Kasparek, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Michael Kuhlmann, Romain Le Divelec, Nicolas Leclercq, Laura Likov, Jessica Litman, Toshko Ljubomirov, Henning Bang Madsen, Leon Marshall, Libor Mazánek, Dubravka Milić, Maud Mignot, Sonja Mudri-Stojnić, Andreas Müller, Zorica Nedeljković, Petar Nikolić, Frode Ødegaard, Sebastien Patiny, Juho Paukkunen, Gerard Pennards, Celeste Pérez-Bañón, Adrien Perrard, Theodora Petanidou, Lars B. Pettersson, Grigory Popov, Snežana Popov, Christophe Praz, Alex Prokhorov, Marino Quaranta, Vladimir G. Radchenko, Snežana Radenković, Pierre Rasmont, Claus Rasmussen, Menno Reemer, Antonio Ricarte, Stephan Risch, Stuart P. M. Roberts, Santos Rojo, Lise Ropars, Paolo Rosa, Carlos Ruiz, Ahlam Sentil, Viktor Shparyk, Jan Smit, Daniele Sommaggio, Villu Soon, Axel Ssymank, Gunilla Ståhls, Menelaos Stavrinides, Jakub Straka, Peeter Tarlap, Michael Terzo, Bogdan Tomozii, Tamara Tot, Leendert-Jan van der Ent, Jeroen van Steenis, Wouter van Steenis, Androulla I. Varnava, Nicolas J. Vereecken, Sanja Veselić, Adi Vesnić, Alexander Weigand, Bogdan Wisniowski, Thomas J. Wood, Dominique Zimmermann, Denis Michez, Ante Vujić

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引用次数: 2
Island spider origins show complex vertical stratification patterns in Macaronesia Macaronesia岛蜘蛛的起源显示出复杂的垂直分层模式
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12686
R. Costa, P. Cardoso, F. Rigal, P. A. V. Borges

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引用次数: 1
Idiosyncratic trends of woodland invertebrate biodiversity in Britain over 45 years 45年来英国林地无脊椎动物生物多样性的特殊趋势
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12685
Diana E. Bowler, Charles A. Cunningham, Colin M. Beale, Lisa Emberson, Jane K. Hill, Merryn Hunt, Lindsay Maskell, Charlotte L. Outhwaite, Piran C. L. White, Michael J. O. Pocock

在过去的一个世纪里,英国的林地覆盖率有所增加,并将通过旨在应对气候变化的林地创建计划进一步增加。尽管如此,林地覆盖率增加对物种,特别是无脊椎动物的更广泛影响尚未得到全面评估。在这里,我们使用专业记录协会收集的物种发生记录,量化了英国21个广泛分类单元中2762种无脊椎动物的林地协会。然后,我们将物种林地关联的强度与1970年至2015年间已发表的对其长期全国分布趋势的估计值联系起来。在所有分类群中,29%的物种与阔叶林地覆盖呈正相关,而27%的物种与之负相关。与阔叶林相关的物种有更积极的长期分布趋势,但这种影响几乎没有解释力。对于15%的物种,我们检测到与阔叶林地覆盖的非单调关联,因此它们的出现在中等覆盖水平达到峰值。中间覆盖物种比具有单调正或负林地关联的物种具有更积极的长期分布趋势。我们的研究结果表明,尽管林地覆盖率有所增加,但林地无脊椎动物并没有持续增加。尽管由于我们使用了异质的发生记录,因此需要谨慎,但林地相关物种分布趋势的巨大变化可以通过林地物种的高度多样性及其使用林地栖息地的方式来解释。林地的创建,或总体上增加树木覆盖率,可能会对物种产生特殊影响,这取决于新林地的创建和管理方式。
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引用次数: 0
Functional traits drive the fate of Orthoptera in urban areas 功能特征决定直翅目昆虫在城市地区的命运
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12683
Leonardo Ancillotto, Rocco Labadessa

由于城市化,自然区域的更替对野生动物构成了重大威胁。野生物种可以根据它们对城市地区的反应进行分类。这种反应导致城市内物种的持续存在(剥削者和宽容者)或局部灭绝(回避者),这反过来又有助于形成其中发现的群落,通常是根据特定的生态和形态特征。在这里,我们将直翅目作为一个模型组,以意大利罗马市为研究区域,检验物种特征与城市环境中持久性之间关系的假设。通过汇编和比较两个不同时间段的物种清单,我们评估了过去三十年中的群落变化,并揭示了直翅目在城市地区的局部灭绝是特征性的。流动性和生育率低、气候生态位更窄、更专业的物种显示出更高的局部灭绝概率。我们的研究结果指出,气候和土地利用变化可能是城市地区直翅目昆虫局部灭绝的主要驱动因素,这表明,加强自然栖息地保护和连通性的策略,以及缓解气候变化引发的事件,都可能有效地维持城市地区更丰富的昆虫群落。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Insect Conservation and Diversity
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