University-business cooperation for many years has been an increasingly important issue raised national policy level, as well as at higher education institutions itself. The fact that the learning environment and the labor market needs are continuously changing makes it challenging for both spheres to be perfectly synchronized. Regarding the public policies on education, vocational education has been a priority for the government in the last years, expressed also in several documents as educational strategy, Higher Education law and Strategy of Employment and Skills. This prioritization aims the creation of a system that at best meets the need of the labor market. The improvement of vocational education is seen as good path to fulfill the gap between university and labor market through improving professional skills, life skills development (soft skill) and an offer focused to business need. From a business standpoint, vocational education receives a great deal of attention and are demonstrated as a profitable long-term investment with a significant contribution to productivity growth. Cooperation with the university can be formal and / or informal. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the cooperation between Universities and Businesses in the business perspective, the methodology used is through descriptive analyze based on primary and secondary data collection. Based on the results we expect to contribute with suggestions for all business to encourage building strategic partnerships with universities. One of the main conclusions of the paper is that, when businesses are connected to universities, they have a ready-made pool of talent filled with exactly the type of people that they need and working with universities, they can guide students to develop the skills that they need to form a partnership. Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"Promoting University – Business Long-Term Collaboration through Vocational Education","authors":"Gentiana Kraja, Denis Dedej","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s222","url":null,"abstract":"University-business cooperation for many years has been an increasingly important issue raised national policy level, as well as at higher education institutions itself. The fact that the learning environment and the labor market needs are continuously changing makes it challenging for both spheres to be perfectly synchronized. Regarding the public policies on education, vocational education has been a priority for the government in the last years, expressed also in several documents as educational strategy, Higher Education law and Strategy of Employment and Skills. This prioritization aims the creation of a system that at best meets the need of the labor market. The improvement of vocational education is seen as good path to fulfill the gap between university and labor market through improving professional skills, life skills development (soft skill) and an offer focused to business need. From a business standpoint, vocational education receives a great deal of attention and are demonstrated as a profitable long-term investment with a significant contribution to productivity growth. Cooperation with the university can be formal and / or informal. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the cooperation between Universities and Businesses in the business perspective, the methodology used is through descriptive analyze based on primary and secondary data collection. Based on the results we expect to contribute with suggestions for all business to encourage building strategic partnerships with universities. One of the main conclusions of the paper is that, when businesses are connected to universities, they have a ready-made pool of talent filled with exactly the type of people that they need and working with universities, they can guide students to develop the skills that they need to form a partnership. \u0000 \u0000Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114655051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Report goal: Fragility fractures of distal radius, are the most common fractures of upper extremities in adults and elderly, with higher incidence in females. Are low energy fractures, result of a fall from standing height or less. Such patients have higher incidence of osteoporosis and increased risk of other serious fractures. Research results: From the questionnaire filled by orthopedic doctors, fragility fractures of distal radius are most frequent in patients 50-60 years old female. 54% of doctors order DEXA scan, 60 % refer patients for osteoporosis evaluation and treatment; 36% treat osteoporosis. From patient questionnaire, such patient were mostly 51-70 yo female, 6.5% had family history of fragility fracture, 97% did not have knowledge about osteoporosis, 3% had high education level, 73% did not report social-economical issues, 45% did not have other medical problems. Summary: Fragility fractures of distal radius occur earlier comparing to other fragility fractures. The orthopedic doctor should recommend DEXA scanning, refer or treat osteoporosis to prevent further deterioration of patient bone health and reduce the risk of other fragility fractures with a higher morbidity and mortality. Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"Comprehensive Treatment of Fragility Fractures of Distal Radius, an Opportunity for Prevention the Deterioration of Bone Health and Reduction of other Fractures with Higher Morbidity and Mortality","authors":"Valbona Iljazi, Neritan Myderrizi","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s218","url":null,"abstract":"Report goal: Fragility fractures of distal radius, are the most common fractures of upper extremities in adults and elderly, with higher incidence in females. Are low energy fractures, result of a fall from standing height or less. Such patients have higher incidence of osteoporosis and increased risk of other serious fractures. Research results: From the questionnaire filled by orthopedic doctors, fragility fractures of distal radius are most frequent in patients 50-60 years old female. 54% of doctors order DEXA scan, 60 % refer patients for osteoporosis evaluation and treatment; 36% treat osteoporosis. From patient questionnaire, such patient were mostly 51-70 yo female, 6.5% had family history of fragility fracture, 97% did not have knowledge about osteoporosis, 3% had high education level, 73% did not report social-economical issues, 45% did not have other medical problems. Summary: Fragility fractures of distal radius occur earlier comparing to other fragility fractures. The orthopedic doctor should recommend DEXA scanning, refer or treat osteoporosis to prevent further deterioration of patient bone health and reduce the risk of other fragility fractures with a higher morbidity and mortality. \u0000 \u0000Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121056911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outbreak of the pandemic, in the framework of isolation measures, and in the context of preserving health and life, had its negative impact on the field of education in our country. The pace of pandemic spread led the experts to decide on making education at all levels shift to the application of online methods. The application of teaching in the online format according to the studies of analysts and professionals of the field, has left the system 10 years behind, and there are many reasons why. Faced with such a situation, the Albanian government, like all governments of other countries, took measures, relying on the practices and recommendations of the Department of Education in the EC in order to support the right for education during the pandemic. In this context, in Albania the project "Strengthening Education for Democratic Citizenship in Albania", implemented by the Council of Europe and funded by the Swedish Government, has supported the Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth in preparing the "Handbook for Teachers - Competencies of Teaching in the Field of Democratic Culture Online ". The Council of Europe joined the efforts of the Albanian authorities by preparing the Albanian version of the Teacher Handbook "Teaching competencies for democratic culture" and the "Handbook for Education for Democratic Citizenship", as part of a project funded by the Swedish International Cooperation and Development Agency ( Sida) "Strengthening Education for Democratic Citizenship in Albania". Received: 19 September 2022 / Accepted: 16 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"The Impact of the Pandemic on the Quality of Education in our Country","authors":"Luljeta Hasani, F. Hasani","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s214","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of the pandemic, in the framework of isolation measures, and in the context of preserving health and life, had its negative impact on the field of education in our country. The pace of pandemic spread led the experts to decide on making education at all levels shift to the application of online methods. The application of teaching in the online format according to the studies of analysts and professionals of the field, has left the system 10 years behind, and there are many reasons why. Faced with such a situation, the Albanian government, like all governments of other countries, took measures, relying on the practices and recommendations of the Department of Education in the EC in order to support the right for education during the pandemic. In this context, in Albania the project \"Strengthening Education for Democratic Citizenship in Albania\", implemented by the Council of Europe and funded by the Swedish Government, has supported the Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth in preparing the \"Handbook for Teachers - Competencies of Teaching in the Field of Democratic Culture Online \". The Council of Europe joined the efforts of the Albanian authorities by preparing the Albanian version of the Teacher Handbook \"Teaching competencies for democratic culture\" and the \"Handbook for Education for Democratic Citizenship\", as part of a project funded by the Swedish International Cooperation and Development Agency ( Sida) \"Strengthening Education for Democratic Citizenship in Albania\". \u0000 \u0000Received: 19 September 2022 / Accepted: 16 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121111053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last two decades in our country have been undertaken a series of policies to draft the necessary legislation to prevent and combat the phenomenon of conflict of interest as a tool to fight corruption and strengthen the integrity of institutions in the country. These policies for drafting the necessary legislation to address the conflict of interest are a requirement for the challenges of building the rule of law, an efficient and professional administration in the service of citizens and our country's obligations to the European integration process and membership in international organizations such as Council of Europe and United Nations. Legislation has changed continuously in recent years in an effort to adapt to the problems that have arisen during its implementation in practice. These efforts have materialized with the adoption of an entire legal and procedural framework. A comprehensive reform has also been made in the training and preparation of professional human capacities, for the responsible implementation of the law in this stage. The concept of continuous conflict of interest is the situation in which a conflict of interest may recur repeatedly and/or frequently in the future. Legislation for the prevention of conflict of interest has provided the obligation of every official to take active and effective measures, at the most effective time to avoid conflict of interest situations. However, the impact of all these efforts has not been sufficient and effective and the conflict of interest remains a complex challenge and issue to be addressed and resolved. Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 27 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"Prevention of Conflict of Interest Situations in Public Administration","authors":"Mentor Isufaj","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s213","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades in our country have been undertaken a series of policies to draft the necessary legislation to prevent and combat the phenomenon of conflict of interest as a tool to fight corruption and strengthen the integrity of institutions in the country. These policies for drafting the necessary legislation to address the conflict of interest are a requirement for the challenges of building the rule of law, an efficient and professional administration in the service of citizens and our country's obligations to the European integration process and membership in international organizations such as Council of Europe and United Nations. Legislation has changed continuously in recent years in an effort to adapt to the problems that have arisen during its implementation in practice. These efforts have materialized with the adoption of an entire legal and procedural framework. A comprehensive reform has also been made in the training and preparation of professional human capacities, for the responsible implementation of the law in this stage. The concept of continuous conflict of interest is the situation in which a conflict of interest may recur repeatedly and/or frequently in the future. Legislation for the prevention of conflict of interest has provided the obligation of every official to take active and effective measures, at the most effective time to avoid conflict of interest situations. However, the impact of all these efforts has not been sufficient and effective and the conflict of interest remains a complex challenge and issue to be addressed and resolved. \u0000 \u0000Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 27 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125083276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global shipping for becoming sustainable will have to organize the ships and each field of shipping industry, in accordance efficient management and operation principles. This will require the adoption of new techniques and the transformation of companies, their ships, systems, and management practices. A modern automation and control system is a fully integrated system covering many aspects of the ship operation. Whether for cargo, passenger or special-purpose ships, Integrated Automation Systems meets every requirement in shipping and offers decisive advantages over the entire "life" of a ship. The adaptation can suit perfectly to the special requirements in shipping and creates the prerequisites for maximum economy, reliability, and safety on board. Integrated Automation includes the propulsion plant operation, power management operation on the auxiliary engines, auxiliary machinery operation, cargo loading and unloading operation, navigation and administration of maintenance and purchasing of spares. The study focuses on implementation of IAS and its contribution in ship's performance and safety. The proposed model incorporates different failure rates for the different sensors of the Integrated Automation system as well as repair actions that need to be performed. The system can experience various levels of deterioration and when a failure occurs, a repair procedure is carried out and the system is restored to its initial fully operational state. A numerical example based on the empirical data is used to illustrate the proposed model. Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"Enhanced Ships Operation using Integrated Automation Systems","authors":"I. Dagkinis, P. M. Psomas, A. Platis","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s208","url":null,"abstract":"Global shipping for becoming sustainable will have to organize the ships and each field of shipping industry, in accordance efficient management and operation principles. This will require the adoption of new techniques and the transformation of companies, their ships, systems, and management practices. A modern automation and control system is a fully integrated system covering many aspects of the ship operation. Whether for cargo, passenger or special-purpose ships, Integrated Automation Systems meets every requirement in shipping and offers decisive advantages over the entire \"life\" of a ship. The adaptation can suit perfectly to the special requirements in shipping and creates the prerequisites for maximum economy, reliability, and safety on board. Integrated Automation includes the propulsion plant operation, power management operation on the auxiliary engines, auxiliary machinery operation, cargo loading and unloading operation, navigation and administration of maintenance and purchasing of spares. The study focuses on implementation of IAS and its contribution in ship's performance and safety. The proposed model incorporates different failure rates for the different sensors of the Integrated Automation system as well as repair actions that need to be performed. The system can experience various levels of deterioration and when a failure occurs, a repair procedure is carried out and the system is restored to its initial fully operational state. A numerical example based on the empirical data is used to illustrate the proposed model. \u0000 \u0000Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128793443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pandemic that invaded the globe during early 2020 had a major impact on every aspect of each of our lives. The challenges that society faced in the beginning of this situation were mainly related to the uncertainty of the normal continuation of everyone's daily activity. There was a need to adapt to the new conditions we were facing. Despite the initial difficulties and panic, it was necessary to immediately adapt to this new reality, making it possible to create conditions for the continuation of work and all chains closely linked to the economy and the supply of customers with the necessary products and services. Consequently, the labor market was one of the markets which would face the greatest difficulties and which had to create new ways to ensure the continuity of existing labor relations and the creation of spaces for the development of new ones. Small developing countries were first confronted with new concepts of labor market development that were little known to most of the population. We realized that a series of certain job positions did not necessarily have to be developed in certain office settings and also that the market was naturally creating demand for new job roles. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the new developments of the labor market conditioned by certain socio-economic circumstances and also to understand the need that the new circumstances have to be regulated in a legal way to guarantee the basic remuneration rights for the service provided. Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"Labor Market along Covid-19 and the New Needs for the Regulation of Distance Working Relationships","authors":"Julejda Aliaj, Vanesa Sulmina","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s216","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic that invaded the globe during early 2020 had a major impact on every aspect of each of our lives. The challenges that society faced in the beginning of this situation were mainly related to the uncertainty of the normal continuation of everyone's daily activity. There was a need to adapt to the new conditions we were facing. Despite the initial difficulties and panic, it was necessary to immediately adapt to this new reality, making it possible to create conditions for the continuation of work and all chains closely linked to the economy and the supply of customers with the necessary products and services. Consequently, the labor market was one of the markets which would face the greatest difficulties and which had to create new ways to ensure the continuity of existing labor relations and the creation of spaces for the development of new ones. Small developing countries were first confronted with new concepts of labor market development that were little known to most of the population. We realized that a series of certain job positions did not necessarily have to be developed in certain office settings and also that the market was naturally creating demand for new job roles. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the new developments of the labor market conditioned by certain socio-economic circumstances and also to understand the need that the new circumstances have to be regulated in a legal way to guarantee the basic remuneration rights for the service provided. \u0000 \u0000Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114452527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, immune-mediated, systemic inflammatory disease of the synovial joints that influences approximately 0.5-1% of the population global. Degrees of RA vary in different patients and are assessed according to intensity, pain, and disability in daily life. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to review RA pain, and mediators primarily cytokines, inflammation mediators, and various RA mechanisms. Method: This is a descriptive review. Relevant literature was identified by searching PubMed using key search terms, including arthritis, cytokines, cytokine signaling, inflammation, Janus kinases, pain, mechanisms, rheumatoid arthritis. Results: Several cytokines that target the treatment of RA, such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, have been well characterized in the pathogenesis of RA and associated pain through autoimmunity promotion, chronic inflammatory synovitis, and destruction of adjacent joint tissue. The range of epigenetic and other mechanisms by which such variants could disrupt cytokine homeostasis to increase disease risk is only beginning to be understood, along with the recognition that in relevant disease contexts they are best dissected at the cellular level. Another descriptive review talks about the role of the central nervous system. Many studies have explored the mechanisms of CNS pain in fibromyalgia and research on CNS pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis is growing. Conclusions: We conclude that there are different pathways to explain pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Received: 9 September 2022 / Accepted: 22 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pain Management: Literature Review","authors":"E. Skuqi, Shunichi Kola, I. Kola","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, immune-mediated, systemic inflammatory disease of the synovial joints that influences approximately 0.5-1% of the population global. Degrees of RA vary in different patients and are assessed according to intensity, pain, and disability in daily life. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to review RA pain, and mediators primarily cytokines, inflammation mediators, and various RA mechanisms. Method: This is a descriptive review. Relevant literature was identified by searching PubMed using key search terms, including arthritis, cytokines, cytokine signaling, inflammation, Janus kinases, pain, mechanisms, rheumatoid arthritis. Results: Several cytokines that target the treatment of RA, such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, have been well characterized in the pathogenesis of RA and associated pain through autoimmunity promotion, chronic inflammatory synovitis, and destruction of adjacent joint tissue. The range of epigenetic and other mechanisms by which such variants could disrupt cytokine homeostasis to increase disease risk is only beginning to be understood, along with the recognition that in relevant disease contexts they are best dissected at the cellular level. Another descriptive review talks about the role of the central nervous system. Many studies have explored the mechanisms of CNS pain in fibromyalgia and research on CNS pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis is growing. Conclusions: We conclude that there are different pathways to explain pain in rheumatoid arthritis. \u0000 \u0000Received: 9 September 2022 / Accepted: 22 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130106511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European Union joint maritime policy is a wide approach of all European Union policies linked with the sea. This policy is based upon the idea that by coordinating all activities linked with oceans, sea and coasts, the European Union would benefit higher rates of yields by its maritime space with a smaller mass of impact on environment. The joint maritime policy aims at strengthening the so-called ‘blue economy’, which includes all the economic maritime activities. The maritime transport plays a fundamental role and will continue to do so at world and European trade. In economic terms 77 percent of European foreign trade and 35 percent of that between European Union countries happen through the sea. This is the key reason because the maritime transport represents a core part in the international supply chain. Even with the decline of this activity in maritime sector due to Covid-19 Pandemic, a significant increase is foreseen in the next 10 years. To face challenges of Pandemic, the European Union took few measures that are linked with the health security, repatriation and maritime traveling ways of passengers and other persons on the boards. This article seeks to analyze the response that European Union and its institutions have provided to the situation through recommendations and regulations to normalize an important sector for the future of the Union. Received: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 29 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"The European Union Response Against Covid-19 Pandemic on Maritime Transport","authors":"Arian Dedej, O. Metalla","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s209","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union joint maritime policy is a wide approach of all European Union policies linked with the sea. This policy is based upon the idea that by coordinating all activities linked with oceans, sea and coasts, the European Union would benefit higher rates of yields by its maritime space with a smaller mass of impact on environment. The joint maritime policy aims at strengthening the so-called ‘blue economy’, which includes all the economic maritime activities. The maritime transport plays a fundamental role and will continue to do so at world and European trade. In economic terms 77 percent of European foreign trade and 35 percent of that between European Union countries happen through the sea. This is the key reason because the maritime transport represents a core part in the international supply chain. Even with the decline of this activity in maritime sector due to Covid-19 Pandemic, a significant increase is foreseen in the next 10 years. To face challenges of Pandemic, the European Union took few measures that are linked with the health security, repatriation and maritime traveling ways of passengers and other persons on the boards. This article seeks to analyze the response that European Union and its institutions have provided to the situation through recommendations and regulations to normalize an important sector for the future of the Union. \u0000 \u0000Received: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 29 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131164864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the construction sector in Albania has been developing rapidly when it comes to the variety of construction materials and the most advanced techniques of the time. The challenge for engineers, architects, and builders consists of using and combining them as effectively as possible to ensure maximum comfort at the lowest possible cost. When designing a building, one should bear in mind that the success or failure of the project is based primarily on ensuring internal environmental comfort, as it has been proven that residents who live in an environment that contributes to a healthy and comfortable lifestyle are more satisfied and productive. Unfortunately, this fact is often overlooked, as it is easier to focus on the initial cost of a project rather than to determine the value of the improved health and productivity of the user as well as the reduction of the subsequent costs. Through measurements performed in different seasons and periods, it has been proven that the thermal insulation of a building significantly increases its thermal comfort. Additionally, statistical tables obtained from Electricity Distribution Operator prove that thermal insulation is associated with a significant reduction in electricity consumption, from 15 - 28%, mainly in peak periods. If the Urban Sector of Local Units were to find stimulators, motivating entities to consider the thermal insulation of new buildings, it would make a substantial difference in this regard. The thermal insulation of the existing dwellings' stock, which can be realized through the coordination of the Local Units and the Electricity Distribution Operator policies, would also significantly impact the increase of thermal comfort and the reduction of electricity consumption. Received: 20 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
最近，阿尔巴尼亚的建筑部门在各种建筑材料和当时最先进的技术方面发展迅速。工程师、建筑师和建筑商面临的挑战包括尽可能有效地使用和组合它们，以尽可能低的成本确保最大的舒适度。在设计建筑时，我们应该记住，项目的成功或失败主要是基于确保内部环境的舒适性，因为事实证明，生活在有利于健康舒适生活方式的环境中的居民更满意，更富有成效。不幸的是，这一事实往往被忽视，因为人们更容易关注项目的初始成本，而不是确定改善用户的健康和生产力以及减少后续成本的价值。通过在不同季节和时期进行的测量，已经证明了建筑物的隔热可以显着提高其热舒适性。此外，从Electricity Distribution Operator获得的统计表证明，隔热与电力消耗的显著减少有关，从15%到28%，主要是在高峰时期。如果地方单位的城市部门能够找到激励因素，促使各实体考虑新建筑物的隔热，那么在这方面就会有很大的不同。现有住宅存量的保温，可以通过当地单位和配电运营商政策的协调来实现，也将显著影响热舒适的增加和电力消耗的减少。收稿日期:2022年9月20日/收稿日期:2022年11月26日/发表日期:2022年12月20日
{"title":"Impact of Building's Thermal Insulation on Increasing Thermal Comfort and Reduction of Electricity Consumption","authors":"Rezarta Cara, Alma Golgota, E. Kodra","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s205","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the construction sector in Albania has been developing rapidly when it comes to the variety of construction materials and the most advanced techniques of the time. The challenge for engineers, architects, and builders consists of using and combining them as effectively as possible to ensure maximum comfort at the lowest possible cost. When designing a building, one should bear in mind that the success or failure of the project is based primarily on ensuring internal environmental comfort, as it has been proven that residents who live in an environment that contributes to a healthy and comfortable lifestyle are more satisfied and productive. Unfortunately, this fact is often overlooked, as it is easier to focus on the initial cost of a project rather than to determine the value of the improved health and productivity of the user as well as the reduction of the subsequent costs. Through measurements performed in different seasons and periods, it has been proven that the thermal insulation of a building significantly increases its thermal comfort. Additionally, statistical tables obtained from Electricity Distribution Operator prove that thermal insulation is associated with a significant reduction in electricity consumption, from 15 - 28%, mainly in peak periods. If the Urban Sector of Local Units were to find stimulators, motivating entities to consider the thermal insulation of new buildings, it would make a substantial difference in this regard. The thermal insulation of the existing dwellings' stock, which can be realized through the coordination of the Local Units and the Electricity Distribution Operator policies, would also significantly impact the increase of thermal comfort and the reduction of electricity consumption. \u0000 \u0000Received: 20 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116771772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cruise shipping is currently one of the fastest growing segments in the tourism sector and creates a significant environmental impact. The aims of this study are a) to investigate what are the main environmental issues faced by the cruise ships and which measures are taken or foreseen to address the problems, b) to explore the passengers’ attitudes towards environmental protection and the companies’ drivers to adopt pro-environmental measures. Data were collected by reviewing the sustainability reports of the main cruise companies and by interviewing three environmental officers that work at the industry. The results showed that there is a trend in employing LNG to address climate change and air pollution. The energy efficiency is further improved with measures such as shore-side electricity, gas-turbines, waste-heat recovery, air lubrication etc. A substantial percentage of ships is equipped with EGCS to address SO2 and PM emissions. Campaigns to reduce single use plastics and saving water and the use of Advanced Wastewater System are also measures to reduce the environmental footprint of cruise shipping. The passengers are informed about the rules and regulations and generally comply with them. According to EO’s opinion, they probably would not pay more for a cruise to support a green program. Also, the companies adopt pro-environmental measures to fully comply with regulations but also to protect the local environment (i.e. flora, fauna), the health of the locals and the local economy. Received: 21 September 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
{"title":"Environmental Sustainability in the Cruise Industry","authors":"A. Kotrikla, Evangelia Chortatsiani","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s212","url":null,"abstract":"Cruise shipping is currently one of the fastest growing segments in the tourism sector and creates a significant environmental impact. The aims of this study are a) to investigate what are the main environmental issues faced by the cruise ships and which measures are taken or foreseen to address the problems, b) to explore the passengers’ attitudes towards environmental protection and the companies’ drivers to adopt pro-environmental measures. Data were collected by reviewing the sustainability reports of the main cruise companies and by interviewing three environmental officers that work at the industry. The results showed that there is a trend in employing LNG to address climate change and air pollution. The energy efficiency is further improved with measures such as shore-side electricity, gas-turbines, waste-heat recovery, air lubrication etc. A substantial percentage of ships is equipped with EGCS to address SO2 and PM emissions. Campaigns to reduce single use plastics and saving water and the use of Advanced Wastewater System are also measures to reduce the environmental footprint of cruise shipping. The passengers are informed about the rules and regulations and generally comply with them. According to EO’s opinion, they probably would not pay more for a cruise to support a green program. Also, the companies adopt pro-environmental measures to fully comply with regulations but also to protect the local environment (i.e. flora, fauna), the health of the locals and the local economy. \u0000 \u0000Received: 21 September 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133589764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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