This article provides an overview of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, contraindications, and precautions of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) medication commonly used to treat depression and other mental health conditions. Imipramine’s pharmacokinetic properties include rapid absorption, distribution to various tissues, metabolism in the liver, and elimination through the kidneys. Imipramine’s pharmacodynamic effects are mediated through its actions on various neurotransmitters, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The article also discusses the contraindications and precautions associated with imipramine use. Imipramine is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to TCAs, recent myocardial infarction, and certain cardiac disorders. It should also be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures, urinary retention, glaucoma, and liver or kidney disease. In conclusion, imipramine is a medication with well-established pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, but its use is associated with certain contraindications and precautions. Clinicians should carefully consider these factors when prescribing imipramine to patients with depression or other mental health conditions.
{"title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of imipramine correlation with a case study","authors":"Mohammed Misbah Ul Haq, B. Tazneem","doi":"10.36922/itps.0505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0505","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, contraindications, and precautions of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) medication commonly used to treat depression and other mental health conditions. Imipramine’s pharmacokinetic properties include rapid absorption, distribution to various tissues, metabolism in the liver, and elimination through the kidneys. Imipramine’s pharmacodynamic effects are mediated through its actions on various neurotransmitters, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The article also discusses the contraindications and precautions associated with imipramine use. Imipramine is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to TCAs, recent myocardial infarction, and certain cardiac disorders. It should also be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures, urinary retention, glaucoma, and liver or kidney disease. In conclusion, imipramine is a medication with well-established pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, but its use is associated with certain contraindications and precautions. Clinicians should carefully consider these factors when prescribing imipramine to patients with depression or other mental health conditions.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73973443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appropriate use of laboratory investigations is increasingly important in resource-constrained environments. In this study, we reviewed the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing practices in a tertiary hospital in South Africa. A retrospective file review was conducted, encompassing all ANCA tests ordered over 12 months, including both inpatients and outpatients. Sociodemographic and clinical details were extracted from the patient records. All requests were assessed against the International Consensus Statement of 1999, which provides clinical guidelines for the indications for ANCA testing. Of the 945 ANCA tests requested, 790 patient records were reviewed, while 155 records were found to be missing, and 62 patients had multiple tests. Only 193 patients (24.4%) had indications for ANCA testing that met the guidelines. The most common tests done outside guideline indications were critical limb ischemia (9.6%), stroke (7.3%), uveitis (5.7%), renal impairment (4.9%), and interstitial lung disease (4.4%). Among the patients, ten (1.3%) were diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), of whom nine had renal-limited vasculitis. Twenty-six patients tested positive for ANCA without any evidence of AAV. Of these false positives, 10 (38.4%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, 3 (11.5%) had tuberculosis (TB), and 3 (11.5%) had other autoimmune diseases. The annual cost of ANCA tests amounted to ZAR274,046, with ZAR17,490 spent on duplicate testing and ZAR208,275 on non-indicated clinical conditions. The study revealed that ANCA testing was performed outside standard guidelines in three-quarters of requests, and duplicate testing was common, resulting in large cost implications. Chronic infections, such as HIV and TB, and autoimmune conditions accounted for half of the false-positive tests. The findings suggest that training of clinicians is likely to reduce unnecessary tests.
{"title":"Poor Adherence to Indications for Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Testing in a South African Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Ramona Govender, B. Hodkinson","doi":"10.36922/itps.v5i2.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.v5i2.338","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriate use of laboratory investigations is increasingly important in resource-constrained environments. In this study, we reviewed the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing practices in a tertiary hospital in South Africa. A retrospective file review was conducted, encompassing all ANCA tests ordered over 12 months, including both inpatients and outpatients. Sociodemographic and clinical details were extracted from the patient records. All requests were assessed against the International Consensus Statement of 1999, which provides clinical guidelines for the indications for ANCA testing. Of the 945 ANCA tests requested, 790 patient records were reviewed, while 155 records were found to be missing, and 62 patients had multiple tests. Only 193 patients (24.4%) had indications for ANCA testing that met the guidelines. The most common tests done outside guideline indications were critical limb ischemia (9.6%), stroke (7.3%), uveitis (5.7%), renal impairment (4.9%), and interstitial lung disease (4.4%). Among the patients, ten (1.3%) were diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), of whom nine had renal-limited vasculitis. Twenty-six patients tested positive for ANCA without any evidence of AAV. Of these false positives, 10 (38.4%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, 3 (11.5%) had tuberculosis (TB), and 3 (11.5%) had other autoimmune diseases. The annual cost of ANCA tests amounted to ZAR274,046, with ZAR17,490 spent on duplicate testing and ZAR208,275 on non-indicated clinical conditions. The study revealed that ANCA testing was performed outside standard guidelines in three-quarters of requests, and duplicate testing was common, resulting in large cost implications. Chronic infections, such as HIV and TB, and autoimmune conditions accounted for half of the false-positive tests. The findings suggest that training of clinicians is likely to reduce unnecessary tests.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80800121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pranali A. Chandurkar, Mayur B. Kale, Manish M. Aglawe, Sandip S. Rahangdale, Milind J. Umekar, Brijesh G. Taksande
Agmatine, a cationic endogenous polyamine in the central nervous system, is obtained from the decarboxylation of arginine. Agmatine exerts neuroprotective properties, according to a growing body of experimental data. This review aims to describe the present understanding of the involvement of agmatine in the central nervous system and highlight its potential as a new pharmacological therapy as a neuroprotective agent. A few molecular pathways for agmatine’s neuroprotective properties are also highlighted. Several studies have shown that agmatine has neuroprotective properties in a variety of neurological conditions, including stroke and traumatic brain damage. The prevention of brain edema, blood-brain barrier protection, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation is some of the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms of agmatine. Agmatine is extremely effective in treating neurological diseases, as evidenced by its safety and low occurrence of side effects. However, the majority of the studies on agmatine that is now accessible were conducted using different experimental models; further, clinical trials are required before agmatine may be used extensively in clinical settings.
{"title":"Potential of Agmatine as a New Neuroprotective Molecule in Brain Disorders","authors":"Pranali A. Chandurkar, Mayur B. Kale, Manish M. Aglawe, Sandip S. Rahangdale, Milind J. Umekar, Brijesh G. Taksande","doi":"10.36922/itps.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.370","url":null,"abstract":"Agmatine, a cationic endogenous polyamine in the central nervous system, is obtained from the decarboxylation of arginine. Agmatine exerts neuroprotective properties, according to a growing body of experimental data. This review aims to describe the present understanding of the involvement of agmatine in the central nervous system and highlight its potential as a new pharmacological therapy as a neuroprotective agent. A few molecular pathways for agmatine’s neuroprotective properties are also highlighted. Several studies have shown that agmatine has neuroprotective properties in a variety of neurological conditions, including stroke and traumatic brain damage. The prevention of brain edema, blood-brain barrier protection, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation is some of the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms of agmatine. Agmatine is extremely effective in treating neurological diseases, as evidenced by its safety and low occurrence of side effects. However, the majority of the studies on agmatine that is now accessible were conducted using different experimental models; further, clinical trials are required before agmatine may be used extensively in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85237945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the important pathogens causing bacterial keratitis with ulceration. In this study, we evaluated a case of non-hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa keratitis in a 7-month-old infant and its treatment process. The patient who had no known chronic disease was brought in with complaints of watering and redness in the left eye. The complaint of the eye problems started 1 month ago after the patient swam in a farm pool. Keratitis was diagnosed according to an ophthalmologic examination in our clinic. Left corneal scraping cultures were taken for the identification of the pathogen. Moxifloxacin eye drops and ganciclovir gel were prescribed for 10 days. The corneal haze disappeared after the treatment. Reasons for delay in diagnosis and treatment were evaluated in our case. We also compared the keratitis between adults and infants. P. aeruginosa keratitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis, taking into account the presence of resistance to treatment, visual disturbances, lens usage, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, trauma, and bad hygiene. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is an important risk factor for infants. Vision loss, which may happen in adults, cannot be clearly communicated by infants due to their limited communication abilities. P. aeruginosa should be considered the pathogen causing keratitis in infant patients, particularly when the diagnosed characteristics align with our case.
{"title":"Non Hospital-Acquired Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Keratitis In a Seven Month Old","authors":"Yanik Keramettin, Hatice Buse Uras, Celal Yeter","doi":"10.36922/itps.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.401","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the important pathogens causing bacterial keratitis with ulceration. In this study, we evaluated a case of non-hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa keratitis in a 7-month-old infant and its treatment process. The patient who had no known chronic disease was brought in with complaints of watering and redness in the left eye. The complaint of the eye problems started 1 month ago after the patient swam in a farm pool. Keratitis was diagnosed according to an ophthalmologic examination in our clinic. Left corneal scraping cultures were taken for the identification of the pathogen. Moxifloxacin eye drops and ganciclovir gel were prescribed for 10 days. The corneal haze disappeared after the treatment. Reasons for delay in diagnosis and treatment were evaluated in our case. We also compared the keratitis between adults and infants. P. aeruginosa keratitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis, taking into account the presence of resistance to treatment, visual disturbances, lens usage, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, trauma, and bad hygiene. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is an important risk factor for infants. Vision loss, which may happen in adults, cannot be clearly communicated by infants due to their limited communication abilities. P. aeruginosa should be considered the pathogen causing keratitis in infant patients, particularly when the diagnosed characteristics align with our case.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75078788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mrunali D. Dhokne, Madhura P. Dixit, Mayur B. Kale, M. M. Aglawe, M. Umekar, B. Taksande
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, a subclass of glutamate receptors or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, prevents neuronal plasticity. However, neural plasticity plays a major role in the pain caused by inflammation and neuropathy, providing clinical opportunities for the use of NOS inhibitors and NMDAR antagonists in the treatment of chronic pain. The neuromodulator agmatine has both NOS inhibitory and NMDAR antagonistic activity, and it controls a range of neurotransmitters and signaling pathways in the brain and spinal cord. The effects of agmatine on pain modulation are described and explored in this article, along with a potential mechanism of action for these effects. We specifically offer evidence to support further clinical and pre-clinical trials looking into agmatine as a novel therapeutic agent for neuropathic pain.
n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)拮抗剂是谷氨酸受体或一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂的一个亚类，可阻止神经元的可塑性。然而，神经可塑性在炎症和神经病变引起的疼痛中起着重要作用，这为使用NOS抑制剂和NMDAR拮抗剂治疗慢性疼痛提供了临床机会。神经调节剂agmatine具有NOS抑制和NMDAR拮抗活性，并控制脑和脊髓的一系列神经递质和信号通路。本文描述和探讨了胍丁胺对疼痛调节的影响，以及这些影响的潜在作用机制。我们特别提供证据来支持进一步的临床和临床前试验，研究胍丁氨酸作为神经性疼痛的新型治疗剂。
{"title":"Agmatine as a Novel Treatment Option for Neuropathies: Experimental Evidences","authors":"Mrunali D. Dhokne, Madhura P. Dixit, Mayur B. Kale, M. M. Aglawe, M. Umekar, B. Taksande","doi":"10.36922/itps.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.361","url":null,"abstract":"N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, a subclass of glutamate receptors or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, prevents neuronal plasticity. However, neural plasticity plays a major role in the pain caused by inflammation and neuropathy, providing clinical opportunities for the use of NOS inhibitors and NMDAR antagonists in the treatment of chronic pain. The neuromodulator agmatine has both NOS inhibitory and NMDAR antagonistic activity, and it controls a range of neurotransmitters and signaling pathways in the brain and spinal cord. The effects of agmatine on pain modulation are described and explored in this article, along with a potential mechanism of action for these effects. We specifically offer evidence to support further clinical and pre-clinical trials looking into agmatine as a novel therapeutic agent for neuropathic pain.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81028859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a major life-threatening complication associated with sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, there is scarcity of evidence in pooling the knowledge regarding the prevalence of PHT in the pediatric SCA patients. Hence, this systematic review was done to determine the pooled prevalence of PHT among SCA children and adolescents. Until January 2021, systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. The listed studies’ caliber was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. The results of a meta-analysis using a random-effects model included a pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 31 studies with 3686 participants were included in the study. Majority of the included studies (26 out of 31 studies) had low risk of bias. The final pooled prevalence of PHT among children and adolescents with SCA was 22% (95% CI: 18 – 26%). Maximum burden of PHT among SCA children was reported in Europe (26%) and Eastern Mediterranean region, while the least burden was found in Africa (17%). There was a significant heterogeneity found between the studies in our analysis (I2 = 87.8%; P < 0.001). The presence of publication bias indicated by an asymmetrical funnel plot was also found. About one in five children and adolescents with SCA suffer from PHTN. The burden is maximum in Europe followed by Eastern Mediterranean region. Diagnostic and intervention packages targeting these patients should be developed and implemented across the high-risk settings.
{"title":"Pulmonary Hypertension among Children and Adolescents with Sickle Cell Anemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Vishnu Shankar Hariharan","doi":"10.36922/itps.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.198","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a major life-threatening complication associated with sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, there is scarcity of evidence in pooling the knowledge regarding the prevalence of PHT in the pediatric SCA patients. Hence, this systematic review was done to determine the pooled prevalence of PHT among SCA children and adolescents. Until January 2021, systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. The listed studies’ caliber was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. The results of a meta-analysis using a random-effects model included a pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 31 studies with 3686 participants were included in the study. Majority of the included studies (26 out of 31 studies) had low risk of bias. The final pooled prevalence of PHT among children and adolescents with SCA was 22% (95% CI: 18 – 26%). Maximum burden of PHT among SCA children was reported in Europe (26%) and Eastern Mediterranean region, while the least burden was found in Africa (17%). There was a significant heterogeneity found between the studies in our analysis (I2 = 87.8%; P < 0.001). The presence of publication bias indicated by an asymmetrical funnel plot was also found. About one in five children and adolescents with SCA suffer from PHTN. The burden is maximum in Europe followed by Eastern Mediterranean region. Diagnostic and intervention packages targeting these patients should be developed and implemented across the high-risk settings.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89337643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The success and tendency of the indirect restorations were mainly affected by the patient and dental surgeon factors. The patient factors consist of their dietary, functional habits, and oral hygiene, while the surgeon factors consist of their management in tooth preparation, impression, and cementation. Among these factors, cementation is a very crucial step to ensure retention, durability, and marginal seal of indirect restoration. The field of dentistry has largely benefited from the various newer types of ceramic introduced. However, this cementation process can be either adhesive or non-adhesive. Adhesive cementation refers to the use of an agent that promotes the bonding of restorative material to substrate, whereas the non-adhesive cementation involves the use of luting agent for filling the gap between restoration and natural tooth. However, the indication for use of adhesive or non-adhesive cementation depends on various factors, such as resistance form, ceramic composition, available preparation retention, and field control during the cementation process. Hence, it is important for the clinicians and dental surgeons to understand these factors before selecting an appropriate cementation process for ceramic restorations. In this review, we provide an overview of adhesive cementation process for ceramic restorations and make appropriate recommendations for routine dental practice.
{"title":"Adhesive Cementation of Ceramic Restorations: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"I. Sinha","doi":"10.36922/itps.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.197","url":null,"abstract":"The success and tendency of the indirect restorations were mainly affected by the patient and dental surgeon factors. The patient factors consist of their dietary, functional habits, and oral hygiene, while the surgeon factors consist of their management in tooth preparation, impression, and cementation. Among these factors, cementation is a very crucial step to ensure retention, durability, and marginal seal of indirect restoration. The field of dentistry has largely benefited from the various newer types of ceramic introduced. However, this cementation process can be either adhesive or non-adhesive. Adhesive cementation refers to the use of an agent that promotes the bonding of restorative material to substrate, whereas the non-adhesive cementation involves the use of luting agent for filling the gap between restoration and natural tooth. However, the indication for use of adhesive or non-adhesive cementation depends on various factors, such as resistance form, ceramic composition, available preparation retention, and field control during the cementation process. Hence, it is important for the clinicians and dental surgeons to understand these factors before selecting an appropriate cementation process for ceramic restorations. In this review, we provide an overview of adhesive cementation process for ceramic restorations and make appropriate recommendations for routine dental practice.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76925812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are required. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic features of SSc, evaluate the proportion of patients with cardiovascular disease, and compare them with other population-based studies in the Turkish population. This study included 150 patients who were previously diagnosed and treated in the rheumatology clinic. Their age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and echocardiography findings, and concomitant diseases were evaluated. The results showed that the disease duration was <1 year and, at most, 11 years, with only one patient having elevated pulmonary artery pressure. In addition, patients with SSc in our region had similar demographic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic features with those in other countries. This study demonstrated that hypertension is positively correlated with disease duration and the incidence of pulmonary hypertension is very low in patients with SSc.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Evaluation in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis in the Turkish Population","authors":"T. Kıvrak, Mehdi Karasu, O. Karaca, S. Koca","doi":"10.36922/itps.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.348","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are required. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic features of SSc, evaluate the proportion of patients with cardiovascular disease, and compare them with other population-based studies in the Turkish population. This study included 150 patients who were previously diagnosed and treated in the rheumatology clinic. Their age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and echocardiography findings, and concomitant diseases were evaluated. The results showed that the disease duration was <1 year and, at most, 11 years, with only one patient having elevated pulmonary artery pressure. In addition, patients with SSc in our region had similar demographic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic features with those in other countries. This study demonstrated that hypertension is positively correlated with disease duration and the incidence of pulmonary hypertension is very low in patients with SSc.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88901979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 infection and multiplication can be regulated with the aid of vaccines, immunosurveillance, and antiviral medications, such interferon and nucleoside analogs. The main concern with COVID-19 infection is the proliferation of the virus. However, there is no medication to treat pulmonary fibrosis, a life-threatening condition, once it has manifested. To treat critically ill patients with cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, it is imperative to develop cell differentiation agent (CDA) formulations that can kill cancer stem cells. Chemosurveillance for cancer patients no longer functions as intended. As a result, people with cancer are more likely to experience severe symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis. The harm to chemosurveillance caused by cancer treatments that focus on cell death, such as cytotoxic drugs, radiation, and immunotherapy, may gravely accelerate the development of fatal pulmonary fibrosis. To prevent the development of fatal pulmonary fibrosis symptoms, cancer patients should be advised against contracting COVID-19, but, if they do, targeted therapy should be their first choice. The purpose of this study was to highlight the significance of chemosurveillance in determining when fatal pulmonary fibrosis manifests after COVID-19 infection in cancer patients and to conceptualize CDA formulations that can be used to treat both pulmonary fibrosis and cancer. COVID-19 infection causes biological and immunological reactions that are similar to those of a wound, leading to the production of prostaglandins and tumor necrosis factor, which cause respiratory illness symptoms, such as fever and cough, and cachexia symptoms, respectively. This results in the breakdown of chemosurveillance, a natural defense mechanism that ensures optimal wound healing, thus further promoting the development of cancer and pulmonary fibrosis.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis on Chemosurveillance","authors":"","doi":"10.36922/itps.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.252","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 infection and multiplication can be regulated with the aid of vaccines, immunosurveillance, and antiviral medications, such interferon and nucleoside analogs. The main concern with COVID-19 infection is the proliferation of the virus. However, there is no medication to treat pulmonary fibrosis, a life-threatening condition, once it has manifested. To treat critically ill patients with cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, it is imperative to develop cell differentiation agent (CDA) formulations that can kill cancer stem cells. Chemosurveillance for cancer patients no longer functions as intended. As a result, people with cancer are more likely to experience severe symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis. The harm to chemosurveillance caused by cancer treatments that focus on cell death, such as cytotoxic drugs, radiation, and immunotherapy, may gravely accelerate the development of fatal pulmonary fibrosis. To prevent the development of fatal pulmonary fibrosis symptoms, cancer patients should be advised against contracting COVID-19, but, if they do, targeted therapy should be their first choice. The purpose of this study was to highlight the significance of chemosurveillance in determining when fatal pulmonary fibrosis manifests after COVID-19 infection in cancer patients and to conceptualize CDA formulations that can be used to treat both pulmonary fibrosis and cancer. COVID-19 infection causes biological and immunological reactions that are similar to those of a wound, leading to the production of prostaglandins and tumor necrosis factor, which cause respiratory illness symptoms, such as fever and cough, and cachexia symptoms, respectively. This results in the breakdown of chemosurveillance, a natural defense mechanism that ensures optimal wound healing, thus further promoting the development of cancer and pulmonary fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81980433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Vishwakarma, N. N. Tripathi, V. Kushwaha, S. Mishra
Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (Family: Pleurotaceae), commonly known as oyster mushroom, has been widely used to treat various ailments from simple headache to serious ones like diabetes. The mushroom has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In the present study, aqueous extract of P. ostreatus (AEPO) was examined for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ was administered to rats at 50 mg/kg body weight (i.p.), AEPO was orally administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, and metformin (500 mg/kg) was administered as positive control. The hypoglycemic effects of the AEPO were analyzed by assessing the blood glucose levels (oral glucose tolerance test, acute and postprandial antihyperglycemic activity), lipid parameters, and other hematological studies in comparison to standard drug (metformin). Results showed that AEPO caused a 26% reduction in blood glucose during fasting while 45% reduction in blood glucose during postprandial antihyperglycemic test in STZ-diabetic rats. It also helped in the normalizations of various complications associated with diabetes mellitus in rats. Observations from the current experiments indicate that P. ostreatus help in reduction of blood glucose level, thus confirming its antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetes in rats. This study further advocates that supplementation of edible mushroom P. ostreatus could be a preventive approach in diabetes as well as in obesity management.
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