I. Nurjannah, Zakiah Novianti, Agus Suharto, Muhammad Yasir Sudarmo, Ki Hariyadi
The management of dyspnea has received little attention as compared to other potentially severe symptoms of the disease, such as acute and chronic pain. The previous case reports indicated that Sujok therapy can alleviate dyspnea in a short time. This study aimed to determine whether Sujok therapy could reduce dyspnea symptoms in patients with oxygen saturation of less than 96%. Sujok originated from the Korean language, which consisted of the words Su and Jok, denoting hand and foot, respectively. Sujok therapy involves manipulating the hands or feet through massaging, coloring, or attaching seeds, magnets, or needles. This quasi-experimental study involved 34 males and 26 females with oxygen saturation of < 96% and experienced dyspnea with a grade of more than 2 on the Likert scale (1 – 5). Respondents were divided into an intervention group (IG) (n = 30) and a control group (CG) (n = 30), where IG was given the Sujok therapy. Measurements were taken for both groups at 0, 5, 15, and 30 min. The study reported mean ages of 55.6 ± 13.49 and 60.63 ± 9.26 in CG and IG, respectively. The increase in oxygen saturation was statistically significant in the overall measurement time in IG (P < 0.01). After 30 min, the average grade of dyspnea was 3 (moderate) for CG and 2 (mild) for IG. In CG, dyspnea decreased significantly at 30 min by 0.185 (P = 0.001; P < 0.05), whereas in IG, dyspnea decreased significantly at 5 min by 0.649 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Sujok therapy can increase oxygen saturation and reduce the dyspnea grade in patients with respiratory problems.
{"title":"Sujok as an alternative therapy to reduce dyspnea in patients with respiratory problems","authors":"I. Nurjannah, Zakiah Novianti, Agus Suharto, Muhammad Yasir Sudarmo, Ki Hariyadi","doi":"10.36922/itps.1418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.1418","url":null,"abstract":"The management of dyspnea has received little attention as compared to other potentially severe symptoms of the disease, such as acute and chronic pain. The previous case reports indicated that Sujok therapy can alleviate dyspnea in a short time. This study aimed to determine whether Sujok therapy could reduce dyspnea symptoms in patients with oxygen saturation of less than 96%. Sujok originated from the Korean language, which consisted of the words Su and Jok, denoting hand and foot, respectively. Sujok therapy involves manipulating the hands or feet through massaging, coloring, or attaching seeds, magnets, or needles. This quasi-experimental study involved 34 males and 26 females with oxygen saturation of < 96% and experienced dyspnea with a grade of more than 2 on the Likert scale (1 – 5). Respondents were divided into an intervention group (IG) (n = 30) and a control group (CG) (n = 30), where IG was given the Sujok therapy. Measurements were taken for both groups at 0, 5, 15, and 30 min. The study reported mean ages of 55.6 ± 13.49 and 60.63 ± 9.26 in CG and IG, respectively. The increase in oxygen saturation was statistically significant in the overall measurement time in IG (P < 0.01). After 30 min, the average grade of dyspnea was 3 (moderate) for CG and 2 (mild) for IG. In CG, dyspnea decreased significantly at 30 min by 0.185 (P = 0.001; P < 0.05), whereas in IG, dyspnea decreased significantly at 5 min by 0.649 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Sujok therapy can increase oxygen saturation and reduce the dyspnea grade in patients with respiratory problems.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skeletal complications arising from osteoporosis or bone metastases are associated with considerable pain, increased mortality, and diminished quality of life. Agents that prevent bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and antiangiogenic agents, prove effective in reducing fracture risk and find extensive use in patients with osteoporosis or bone cancer metastases. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a potentially serious adverse event associated with high cumulative doses of antiresorptive drugs. Other risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw include glucocorticoid use, maxillary or mandibular bone surgery, poor oral hygiene, chronic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, inappropriate dentures, and other MRONJ-related medications. Preventive strategies encompass completing necessary oral surgery before initiating antiresorptive drug therapy, administering antibiotics before and/or after the procedure, rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine, ensuring adequate wound healing post-tooth extraction, and maintaining good oral hygiene. The primary goal of treatment is to improve the patient’s quality of life by managing pain and infection, preventing the development of new lesions, and decelerating disease progression. Dentists and dental hygienists, operating within a multi-professional team, play a key role in the primary prevention of MRONJ. However, a standardized multidisciplinary approach, fostering sustained dialog between specialists involved in the management of patients at risk for MRONJ, remains essential. This review describes the preventive and individualized oral hygiene management in patients at risk for this condition.
{"title":"Management and maintenance of oral health: Personalized primary prevention strategies and protocols in patients at risk of developing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw","authors":"Giovanna Mosaico, C. Casu","doi":"10.36922/itps.1419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.1419","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal complications arising from osteoporosis or bone metastases are associated with considerable pain, increased mortality, and diminished quality of life. Agents that prevent bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and antiangiogenic agents, prove effective in reducing fracture risk and find extensive use in patients with osteoporosis or bone cancer metastases. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a potentially serious adverse event associated with high cumulative doses of antiresorptive drugs. Other risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw include glucocorticoid use, maxillary or mandibular bone surgery, poor oral hygiene, chronic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, inappropriate dentures, and other MRONJ-related medications. Preventive strategies encompass completing necessary oral surgery before initiating antiresorptive drug therapy, administering antibiotics before and/or after the procedure, rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine, ensuring adequate wound healing post-tooth extraction, and maintaining good oral hygiene. The primary goal of treatment is to improve the patient’s quality of life by managing pain and infection, preventing the development of new lesions, and decelerating disease progression. Dentists and dental hygienists, operating within a multi-professional team, play a key role in the primary prevention of MRONJ. However, a standardized multidisciplinary approach, fostering sustained dialog between specialists involved in the management of patients at risk for MRONJ, remains essential. This review describes the preventive and individualized oral hygiene management in patients at risk for this condition.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siddharth Shah, Abiy Tereda, Brandon Lucke-Wold, Pavel S. Pichardo-Rojas
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe and often fatal condition characterized by the accumulation of blood beneath the arachnoid layer of the meninges. Predominantly affecting individuals in the 40–60 age range, it is commonly caused by head trauma from falls or car accidents. Ruptures of cerebral aneurysms also contribute significantly to SAH. Risk factors for SAH include hypertension and smoking, and symptoms typically include severe headache and neck pain. Diagnosing SAH typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance imaging angiography. Recent research suggests that pharmaceutical management of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) includes the administration of recombinant activated factor VII, tranexamic acid, and aggressive blood pressure reduction. For patients with significant SAH and ICH, minimally invasive surgical procedures for hematoma evacuation, as well as surgical evacuation of SAH and ICH, have proven to be highly beneficial. Furthermore, an emerging area of treatment involves therapeutic small molecules designed to interrupt the pathophysiological pathways leading to SAH. This novel approach holds promise for advancing our understanding and management of this complex medical condition.
蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）是一种严重且往往致命的疾病，其特点是血液积聚在脑膜的蛛网膜层下。它主要影响 40-60 岁年龄段的人，通常由跌倒或车祸造成的头部外伤引起。脑动脉瘤破裂也是导致 SAH 的重要原因。SAH 的危险因素包括高血压和吸烟，症状通常包括剧烈头痛和颈部疼痛。诊断 SAH 通常需要结合病史、体格检查和影像学检查，如计算机断层扫描血管造影术或磁共振成像血管造影术。最新研究表明，脑内出血（ICH）的药物治疗包括服用重组活化因子 VII、氨甲环酸和积极降压。对于严重 SAH 和 ICH 患者，微创手术血肿清除术以及 SAH 和 ICH 手术清除术已被证明非常有益。此外，一个新兴的治疗领域涉及旨在中断导致 SAH 的病理生理途径的治疗性小分子药物。这种新方法有望促进我们对这一复杂病症的理解和管理。
{"title":"Therapeutic small molecules in the development of treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage","authors":"Siddharth Shah, Abiy Tereda, Brandon Lucke-Wold, Pavel S. Pichardo-Rojas","doi":"10.36922/itps.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe and often fatal condition characterized by the accumulation of blood beneath the arachnoid layer of the meninges. Predominantly affecting individuals in the 40–60 age range, it is commonly caused by head trauma from falls or car accidents. Ruptures of cerebral aneurysms also contribute significantly to SAH. Risk factors for SAH include hypertension and smoking, and symptoms typically include severe headache and neck pain. Diagnosing SAH typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance imaging angiography. Recent research suggests that pharmaceutical management of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) includes the administration of recombinant activated factor VII, tranexamic acid, and aggressive blood pressure reduction. For patients with significant SAH and ICH, minimally invasive surgical procedures for hematoma evacuation, as well as surgical evacuation of SAH and ICH, have proven to be highly beneficial. Furthermore, an emerging area of treatment involves therapeutic small molecules designed to interrupt the pathophysiological pathways leading to SAH. This novel approach holds promise for advancing our understanding and management of this complex medical condition.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Das, S. Sahoo, Sanatan Majhi, Rout George Kerry, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, A. B. Jena
The present work was designed to investigate the antiviral potential of novel monomeric and oligomeric chitosan derivatives through in silico approaches. The goal was to identify potent broad-spectrum antiviral compounds as promising drug candidates against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and understand their mode of action. Chitosan biopolymer and its derivatives were virtually screened against the spike glycoprotein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of novel coronavirus-19. Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC), a polymeric chitosan, has been reported to interact with the corona viral spike (S) protein and blocks its interaction with the ACE2 receptor. The enhancement of antiviral activity relies on better biocompatibility, structural correlations, variation in the degree of deacetylation, and molecular weight of modified chitosan derivatives. The chitosan derivatives constructively interact with viral S protein. Among the chitosan derivatives, N-carboxymethyl chitosan (NCMC) displayed efficient binding affinity. Comparing NCMC to mHTCC, monomeric chitosan, for their interaction with the S protein, receptor binding domain site, and ACE2 receptor, NCMC displayed better binding affinity of −7.9, −6.3, and −7.4 with binding energies of −6.2, −4.8, and −5.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, through flexible docking, the interactions of the S protein with ACE2 receptor and ligand mHTCC-S protein complex and NCMC-S protein complex with ACE2 receptor were calculated, showing an efficient reduction of binding energy from −901.2 kJ/mol to −765.06 kJ/mol and −814.72 kJ/mol, respectively. This points to the decrease binding affinity of the viral S protein for the ACE2 receptor in the presence of NCMC/mHTCC. For the first time, the computational study envisages the antiviral efficiency of NCMC, mHTCC, and biocompatible chitosan derivatives as a preventive intervention against COVID-19.
{"title":"Inhibitory Potential of Chitosan Derivatives against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: An In Silico Prospective","authors":"P. Das, S. Sahoo, Sanatan Majhi, Rout George Kerry, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, A. B. Jena","doi":"10.36922/itps.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.1077","url":null,"abstract":"The present work was designed to investigate the antiviral potential of novel monomeric and oligomeric chitosan derivatives through in silico approaches. The goal was to identify potent broad-spectrum antiviral compounds as promising drug candidates against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and understand their mode of action. Chitosan biopolymer and its derivatives were virtually screened against the spike glycoprotein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of novel coronavirus-19. Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC), a polymeric chitosan, has been reported to interact with the corona viral spike (S) protein and blocks its interaction with the ACE2 receptor. The enhancement of antiviral activity relies on better biocompatibility, structural correlations, variation in the degree of deacetylation, and molecular weight of modified chitosan derivatives. The chitosan derivatives constructively interact with viral S protein. Among the chitosan derivatives, N-carboxymethyl chitosan (NCMC) displayed efficient binding affinity. Comparing NCMC to mHTCC, monomeric chitosan, for their interaction with the S protein, receptor binding domain site, and ACE2 receptor, NCMC displayed better binding affinity of −7.9, −6.3, and −7.4 with binding energies of −6.2, −4.8, and −5.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, through flexible docking, the interactions of the S protein with ACE2 receptor and ligand mHTCC-S protein complex and NCMC-S protein complex with ACE2 receptor were calculated, showing an efficient reduction of binding energy from −901.2 kJ/mol to −765.06 kJ/mol and −814.72 kJ/mol, respectively. This points to the decrease binding affinity of the viral S protein for the ACE2 receptor in the presence of NCMC/mHTCC. For the first time, the computational study envisages the antiviral efficiency of NCMC, mHTCC, and biocompatible chitosan derivatives as a preventive intervention against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73514751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sepsis, caused by various bacterial pathogens, is a significant contributor to maternal mortality worldwide. In many developing countries, including Ethiopia, empirical or syndromic treatment is commonly employed for puerperal sepsis, which may promote antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate bacterial pathogens, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors among women with suspected puerperal sepsis attending Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital from September 2020 to August 2021. A total of 174 participants were enrolled, and the sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and checklist, respectively. Blood samples (approximately 20 ml) were collected from all study participants and incubated in BacT/ALERT® 3D automated blood culture system. In addition, endocervical swabs were collected in Amies transport media. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed following standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacterial isolates were determined using the disc diffusion method. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The overall positivity rate of bacterial isolates among puerperal sepsis-suspected women was 48.9%. Among these, 87.1% of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli (54.1%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (23.5%) and Staphylococci aureus (10.6%). High resistance rates were observed in E. coli to piperacillin (87%), in Klebsiella spp. to aztreonam (65%) and ceftriaxone (65%), and in S. aureus to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.6%). Multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens accounted for 81.2% of the isolates in this study. Multivariate regression analysis did not reveal any statistically significant association between the presence of bacteria and the sociodemographic and obstetrics factors. Our findings emphasize the urgency of strengthening microbiology services to optimize patient management and combat AMR in puerperal sepsis.
{"title":"Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns, and Associated Factors of Puerperal Sepsis in Asella, Central Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Abduselam Abbiso Godana, Mulatu Gashaw, K. Abdella, Fikru Adere, Getenet Beyene","doi":"10.36922/itps.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis, caused by various bacterial pathogens, is a significant contributor to maternal mortality worldwide. In many developing countries, including Ethiopia, empirical or syndromic treatment is commonly employed for puerperal sepsis, which may promote antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate bacterial pathogens, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors among women with suspected puerperal sepsis attending Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital from September 2020 to August 2021. A total of 174 participants were enrolled, and the sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and checklist, respectively. Blood samples (approximately 20 ml) were collected from all study participants and incubated in BacT/ALERT® 3D automated blood culture system. In addition, endocervical swabs were collected in Amies transport media. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed following standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacterial isolates were determined using the disc diffusion method. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The overall positivity rate of bacterial isolates among puerperal sepsis-suspected women was 48.9%. Among these, 87.1% of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli (54.1%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (23.5%) and Staphylococci aureus (10.6%). High resistance rates were observed in E. coli to piperacillin (87%), in Klebsiella spp. to aztreonam (65%) and ceftriaxone (65%), and in S. aureus to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.6%). Multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens accounted for 81.2% of the isolates in this study. Multivariate regression analysis did not reveal any statistically significant association between the presence of bacteria and the sociodemographic and obstetrics factors. Our findings emphasize the urgency of strengthening microbiology services to optimize patient management and combat AMR in puerperal sepsis.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85464051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Osei-Asare, Frederick William Akuffo Owusu, J. Apenteng, P. Entsie, Ofosua Adi-Dako, D. Kumadoh, Amanda Voado, Esther Aloni, Y. Osei
Conventionally, the microorganisms in liquid herbal mixtures are curtailed due to the fresh preparation before the administration to patients. Prolonged storage of liquid herbal preparations (due to commercialization) coupled with primeval routine production processes may increase the potential of microbial contamination in liquid herbal preparations. This study aims to analyze the microbial quality of 15 selected commercial liquid herbal preparations on the Ghanaian market. The samples were obtained from accredited pharmacies and herbal outlets in the Greater Accra region of Ghana, specifically Central Accra, between November 2019 and January 2020. The selected samples were coded HM1 to HM15. The effectiveness of the primary package of all samples was determined using the seal integrity test. The presence of microorganisms in the sampled brands was determined using nutrient agar. Isolated microorganisms from the sampled herbal mixtures were then identified using various selective media. All 15 samples (100%) passed the seal integrity test. Ten (67%) out of the 15 samples were contaminated with various microorganisms, whereas the remaining 5 samples (33%) were devoid of microorganisms. Eight (53%) out of the 15 samples were contaminated with fungi, with 3 (20%) being above the pharmacopeial limit. Six (40%) out of the 15 samples showed the presence of Escherichia coli. Out of the 15 sampled products, only HM11 contained Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, only one sampled product (HM15) contained Salmonella typhi. None of the sampled products was contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ultimately, this study revealed that commercialized liquid herbal preparations in Ghana are likely to be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Good manufacturing practices must therefore be strictly adhered to bring out the best in local herbal manufacturing industries.
{"title":"Evaluation of the microbial quality of commercial liquid herbal preparations on the Ghanaian market","authors":"C. Osei-Asare, Frederick William Akuffo Owusu, J. Apenteng, P. Entsie, Ofosua Adi-Dako, D. Kumadoh, Amanda Voado, Esther Aloni, Y. Osei","doi":"10.36922/itps.0425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0425","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally, the microorganisms in liquid herbal mixtures are curtailed due to the fresh preparation before the administration to patients. Prolonged storage of liquid herbal preparations (due to commercialization) coupled with primeval routine production processes may increase the potential of microbial contamination in liquid herbal preparations. This study aims to analyze the microbial quality of 15 selected commercial liquid herbal preparations on the Ghanaian market. The samples were obtained from accredited pharmacies and herbal outlets in the Greater Accra region of Ghana, specifically Central Accra, between November 2019 and January 2020. The selected samples were coded HM1 to HM15. The effectiveness of the primary package of all samples was determined using the seal integrity test. The presence of microorganisms in the sampled brands was determined using nutrient agar. Isolated microorganisms from the sampled herbal mixtures were then identified using various selective media. All 15 samples (100%) passed the seal integrity test. Ten (67%) out of the 15 samples were contaminated with various microorganisms, whereas the remaining 5 samples (33%) were devoid of microorganisms. Eight (53%) out of the 15 samples were contaminated with fungi, with 3 (20%) being above the pharmacopeial limit. Six (40%) out of the 15 samples showed the presence of Escherichia coli. Out of the 15 sampled products, only HM11 contained Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, only one sampled product (HM15) contained Salmonella typhi. None of the sampled products was contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ultimately, this study revealed that commercialized liquid herbal preparations in Ghana are likely to be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Good manufacturing practices must therefore be strictly adhered to bring out the best in local herbal manufacturing industries.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86816653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of a new antibiotic is a challenging task, with an estimated failure rate of 95%. Minor changes in the chemical structure of a drug, such as stereochemistry, geometry, or functional group modifications, can significantly impact its medicinal activity. In this study, we aim to devise novel strategies for optimizing the antimicrobial properties of guava leaf extract through simple reactions, either by self-reaction or combination reactions with a reagent, drug, or different plant extract. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed conjugation and formation of new functional groups in the prepared sample of Guava Guava (GG) and Guava Aspirin Guava (GAG), which were further confirmed by weight analysis. The results demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants can be improved or optimized through simple reactions, such as combining the plant extract with a non-antimicrobial drug like aspirins or adding a small volume of concentrated sulfuric acid to the plant extract by heating at a temperature range of 100 – 110°C. Among the two combinatory methods used, GG exhibited better performance in inhibiting the growth of all tested bacterial strains at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL compared to GAG at the same concentration, which inhibited the growth of only two bacterial strains: Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. These methods can be further explored and applied in various studies, including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer research, leveraging the availability and diverse range of natural products found in medicinal plants.
{"title":"Novel Strategy for Optimizing the Antibacterial Activity of Psidium guajava Against Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Streptococcus spp.","authors":"Mathew Gideon","doi":"10.36922/itps.1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.1131","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a new antibiotic is a challenging task, with an estimated failure rate of 95%. Minor changes in the chemical structure of a drug, such as stereochemistry, geometry, or functional group modifications, can significantly impact its medicinal activity. In this study, we aim to devise novel strategies for optimizing the antimicrobial properties of guava leaf extract through simple reactions, either by self-reaction or combination reactions with a reagent, drug, or different plant extract. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed conjugation and formation of new functional groups in the prepared sample of Guava Guava (GG) and Guava Aspirin Guava (GAG), which were further confirmed by weight analysis. The results demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants can be improved or optimized through simple reactions, such as combining the plant extract with a non-antimicrobial drug like aspirins or adding a small volume of concentrated sulfuric acid to the plant extract by heating at a temperature range of 100 – 110°C. Among the two combinatory methods used, GG exhibited better performance in inhibiting the growth of all tested bacterial strains at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL compared to GAG at the same concentration, which inhibited the growth of only two bacterial strains: Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. These methods can be further explored and applied in various studies, including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer research, leveraging the availability and diverse range of natural products found in medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83086909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Mamilla, Kalpana Javvaji, Kavya Lekha Sunkara, U. Kosurkar, R. Kumbhare, S. Misra
4-thiazolidinones are five-membered heterocyclic ring compounds with diverse pharmacological impacts. In a previous study, we reported a series of newly synthesized derivatives of 4-thiazolidinones with different functional groups, which exhibited anticancer activity against ovarian (SKOV3) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. Among these derivatives, (4-fluorophenyl) thiazolidin-4-one (4-TH) demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against SKOV3, with an IC50 value of 12.3 μM. However, it was also found to be extremely toxic to normal cells (CHO-K1) with an IC50 of 7.5 μM. Before considering its use in cancer research, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of its potential genotoxic effects on normal cells. In this study, we aimed to assess the in vitro cytogenetic toxicity of 4-TH using normal Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1). Referring to the IC50 of 4-TH, we selected three sub-lethal concentrations (2, 5, and 7.5 μM) and treated CHO-K1 cells for 24 h (one cell cycle duration) to estimate its dose-dependent induction of chromosome aberrations, and examine the effect of 4-TH on cell division, micronucleus induction potential and cell cycle arrest properties following standard protocols. The results showed that 4-TH was highly toxic to normal cells, as all three sublethal concentrations caused a statistically significant increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations (P < 0.001), formation of micronuclei (P < 0.01), and changes in the rate of cell division (mitotic index) (P < 0.05) compared to control. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of cells in the G1 phase, indicating that all concentrations of 4-TH tested induced apoptosis. The evaluation of the cytotoxic, clastogenic, and aneugenic properties of 4-TH, a potent cytotoxic agent, will undoubtedly provide critical information for determining its safety and potential as an anticancer drug.
{"title":"Evaluation of genotoxicity of (4-fluorophenyl) thiazolidin-4-one in CHO-K1 cells","authors":"J. Mamilla, Kalpana Javvaji, Kavya Lekha Sunkara, U. Kosurkar, R. Kumbhare, S. Misra","doi":"10.36922/itps.0618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0618","url":null,"abstract":"4-thiazolidinones are five-membered heterocyclic ring compounds with diverse pharmacological impacts. In a previous study, we reported a series of newly synthesized derivatives of 4-thiazolidinones with different functional groups, which exhibited anticancer activity against ovarian (SKOV3) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. Among these derivatives, (4-fluorophenyl) thiazolidin-4-one (4-TH) demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against SKOV3, with an IC50 value of 12.3 μM. However, it was also found to be extremely toxic to normal cells (CHO-K1) with an IC50 of 7.5 μM. Before considering its use in cancer research, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of its potential genotoxic effects on normal cells. In this study, we aimed to assess the in vitro cytogenetic toxicity of 4-TH using normal Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1). Referring to the IC50 of 4-TH, we selected three sub-lethal concentrations (2, 5, and 7.5 μM) and treated CHO-K1 cells for 24 h (one cell cycle duration) to estimate its dose-dependent induction of chromosome aberrations, and examine the effect of 4-TH on cell division, micronucleus induction potential and cell cycle arrest properties following standard protocols. The results showed that 4-TH was highly toxic to normal cells, as all three sublethal concentrations caused a statistically significant increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations (P < 0.001), formation of micronuclei (P < 0.01), and changes in the rate of cell division (mitotic index) (P < 0.05) compared to control. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of cells in the G1 phase, indicating that all concentrations of 4-TH tested induced apoptosis. The evaluation of the cytotoxic, clastogenic, and aneugenic properties of 4-TH, a potent cytotoxic agent, will undoubtedly provide critical information for determining its safety and potential as an anticancer drug.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72977537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Júnior, H. T. da Silva, Alessandro Martins Ribeiro, Tales Alexandre Ferreira-Aversi, L. C. Vilela
{"title":"Tryptophan metabolism in schizophrenia","authors":"Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Júnior, H. T. da Silva, Alessandro Martins Ribeiro, Tales Alexandre Ferreira-Aversi, L. C. Vilela","doi":"10.36922/itps.0435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0435","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76519696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemanthkumar Madhavamurthy, Mahendra Chikkamadaiah, Sharada M. Suryanarayana
The present work was carried out to investigate the presence of bioactive compounds in selected medicinal orchids such as Dendrobium jerdonianum, Dendrobium barbatulum, Eria mysorensis, Bulbophyllum neilgherrense, and Pholidota pallida. The phytochemical, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the plants were evaluated using extracts obtained through chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extraction methods, respectively. The results of the phytochemical test showed the presence of diverse classes of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, resins, proteins, glycosides, and phenolics. The presence of these phytochemicals varied among different solvent extracts among the selected plants. Among the plant extracts tested, D. Jerdonianum and P. pallida offered significant p ≥ 0.05 antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella flexneri, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.312 to 2.5 mg/mL. Among the plant extracts tested, methanol extract of Erythrina mysorensis (29.38%), B. neilgherrense (15.92%), P. pallida (13.84%), and D. barbatulum (13.10%) showed highest phenolic contents, followed by chloroform and aqueous extracts in all the plants. E. mysoriensis and D. jerdonianum exhibited highest antioxidant properties at 85.41% and 81.28% (with IC50 values of 36.49 and 43.72 μg/mL), respectively, while the positive control, gallic acid, displayed antioxidant properties of 94.61% (with an IC50 values of 30.49 μg/mL). These results warrant further studies on using these selected orchids for therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications.
{"title":"Screening of Biological Activity of Selected Medicinal Orchids of Western Ghats, Karnataka, India","authors":"Hemanthkumar Madhavamurthy, Mahendra Chikkamadaiah, Sharada M. Suryanarayana","doi":"10.36922/itps.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.239","url":null,"abstract":"The present work was carried out to investigate the presence of bioactive compounds in selected medicinal orchids such as Dendrobium jerdonianum, Dendrobium barbatulum, Eria mysorensis, Bulbophyllum neilgherrense, and Pholidota pallida. The phytochemical, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the plants were evaluated using extracts obtained through chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extraction methods, respectively. The results of the phytochemical test showed the presence of diverse classes of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, resins, proteins, glycosides, and phenolics. The presence of these phytochemicals varied among different solvent extracts among the selected plants. Among the plant extracts tested, D. Jerdonianum and P. pallida offered significant p ≥ 0.05 antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella flexneri, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.312 to 2.5 mg/mL. Among the plant extracts tested, methanol extract of Erythrina mysorensis (29.38%), B. neilgherrense (15.92%), P. pallida (13.84%), and D. barbatulum (13.10%) showed highest phenolic contents, followed by chloroform and aqueous extracts in all the plants. E. mysoriensis and D. jerdonianum exhibited highest antioxidant properties at 85.41% and 81.28% (with IC50 values of 36.49 and 43.72 μg/mL), respectively, while the positive control, gallic acid, displayed antioxidant properties of 94.61% (with an IC50 values of 30.49 μg/mL). These results warrant further studies on using these selected orchids for therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications.","PeriodicalId":13673,"journal":{"name":"INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84365561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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