The study was conducted on a plot of‘4-40’ satsuma mandarin trees located at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center’s Citrus Research Station, Port Sulphur, LA. Pretreatment mite counts were made 11 Jun, and all treatments were applied 13 Jun with the aid of a FMC model 100 CP airblast sprayer and a tractor speed of 3rd low 1200 RPM to generate an operating pressure of approximately 200 psi. The study consisted of 5 treatments with 10 single tree replications from which mite counts were determined by taking 5 leaves per tree and counting the number of live mites on the right bottom half of the leaf and then doubling the count to obtain the number of mites per leaf. After treatment application mite counts were made at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAT. All miticide spray solutions were buffered to a pH of approximately 6.0 with the addition of Triton AG-44 M (Latron AG-44 M).
这项研究是在路易斯安那州立大学农业中心位于洛杉矶硫港的柑橘研究站的一块“4-40”萨摩柑树上进行的。6月11日进行预处理螨计数，6月13日使用FMC型号100 CP空气喷射喷雾器，拖拉机转速为3low 1200 RPM，产生约200 psi的操作压力。本研究共分5个处理，10个单树重复，每棵树取5片叶子，计算叶片右下半部的活螨数，然后加倍计数，得到每片叶子的螨数。处理后，分别在7、14、30、60、90和120天进行螨计数。所有杀虫剂喷雾溶液加入Triton AG-44 M (Latron AG-44 M)缓冲至pH约为6.0。
{"title":"Citrus Red Mite Control on ‘4-40’ Satsuma Selection in Louisiana, 1991","authors":"W. J. Bourgeois, D. Pollet","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.72a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.72a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study was conducted on a plot of‘4-40’ satsuma mandarin trees located at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center’s Citrus Research Station, Port Sulphur, LA. Pretreatment mite counts were made 11 Jun, and all treatments were applied 13 Jun with the aid of a FMC model 100 CP airblast sprayer and a tractor speed of 3rd low 1200 RPM to generate an operating pressure of approximately 200 psi. The study consisted of 5 treatments with 10 single tree replications from which mite counts were determined by taking 5 leaves per tree and counting the number of live mites on the right bottom half of the leaf and then doubling the count to obtain the number of mites per leaf. After treatment application mite counts were made at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAT. All miticide spray solutions were buffered to a pH of approximately 6.0 with the addition of Triton AG-44 M (Latron AG-44 M).","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87563050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Classic’ eggplant was transplanted 31 May, in Storrs, Connecticut. Plots consisted of 30 plants, 2 ft apart in 3 rows of 10 plants each. Rows were 4 ft apart. Three treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Asana + Butacide and hydrated lime were applied on 31 May, 7, 14, 21, 28 Jun, 4, 12, and 19 Jul. Upper and lower leaf surfaces of all plants were sprayed with water immediately prior to applying treatments. Water and Asana applications were made with a 3 gal CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 25 psi and delivering 40 gal/acre. Plants were sprayed from the top and from each side, by hand with a single hollow cone nozzle. Hydrated lime was applied with a crank-style duster at 50 lb/acre. All data were collected from the 10 plants in the center row of each plot with the exception of GPA which were counted on 5 leaves on each of 4 center row plants. Plants were rated for percent defoliation at fruit set on 26 Jul. Fruit was harvested, counted and weighed on 9, 16, 23, 29 Aug, 6, 13, and 20 Sep.
{"title":"Eggplant: Hydrated Lime as an Insect Repellent, 1991","authors":"J. Boucher, R. Adams, F. Johnson, R. Packauskas","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.131","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ‘Classic’ eggplant was transplanted 31 May, in Storrs, Connecticut. Plots consisted of 30 plants, 2 ft apart in 3 rows of 10 plants each. Rows were 4 ft apart. Three treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Asana + Butacide and hydrated lime were applied on 31 May, 7, 14, 21, 28 Jun, 4, 12, and 19 Jul. Upper and lower leaf surfaces of all plants were sprayed with water immediately prior to applying treatments. Water and Asana applications were made with a 3 gal CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 25 psi and delivering 40 gal/acre. Plants were sprayed from the top and from each side, by hand with a single hollow cone nozzle. Hydrated lime was applied with a crank-style duster at 50 lb/acre. All data were collected from the 10 plants in the center row of each plot with the exception of GPA which were counted on 5 leaves on each of 4 center row plants. Plants were rated for percent defoliation at fruit set on 26 Jul. Fruit was harvested, counted and weighed on 9, 16, 23, 29 Aug, 6, 13, and 20 Sep.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"4 24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90299347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two rates of GUS-IG13 (X-3G43) (formerly NTN 33893) as seed treatments were compared with carbofuran (Furadan 3 G) and an untreated check for control of RWW in ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’ rice. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications for each variety. Plot size was 9 rows with 17.8 cm spacing X 4.88 m. Rice was drill-seeded at 123.2 kg seed/ha 28 Apr and emerged 8 May. Propanil and thiobencarb at 3.36 kg (AI)/ha each were applied 18 and 22 May for weed control. Plots were temporarily flooded (flushed) 8 May and permanently flooded 6 Jun. Urea, 151.2 and 201.6 kg/ha, was applied in a 3-way split of 84 and 133.6 kg/ha 6 Jun and 33.6 kg/ha each on 10 and 21 Jul for ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’ plots, respectively. Carbofuran was applied with a hand shaker 15 Jun. On 30 Jun and 7 Jul and on 2 and 9 Jul, 5, 10.2 x 10.2 cm (diam by depth) soil cores were removed from each plot of ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’, respectively. Soil and plant roots were washed into 40-mesh screens. Screens were immersed in salt water, and RWW immatures were recovered and counted. The center 4 rows of plots were harvested on 8 Sep with a small plot combine. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.
{"title":"Control of Rice Water Weevil with a Seed Treatment, 1992:","authors":"J. L. Bernhardt","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.266","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two rates of GUS-IG13 (X-3G43) (formerly NTN 33893) as seed treatments were compared with carbofuran (Furadan 3 G) and an untreated check for control of RWW in ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’ rice. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications for each variety. Plot size was 9 rows with 17.8 cm spacing X 4.88 m. Rice was drill-seeded at 123.2 kg seed/ha 28 Apr and emerged 8 May. Propanil and thiobencarb at 3.36 kg (AI)/ha each were applied 18 and 22 May for weed control. Plots were temporarily flooded (flushed) 8 May and permanently flooded 6 Jun. Urea, 151.2 and 201.6 kg/ha, was applied in a 3-way split of 84 and 133.6 kg/ha 6 Jun and 33.6 kg/ha each on 10 and 21 Jul for ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’ plots, respectively. Carbofuran was applied with a hand shaker 15 Jun. On 30 Jun and 7 Jul and on 2 and 9 Jul, 5, 10.2 x 10.2 cm (diam by depth) soil cores were removed from each plot of ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’, respectively. Soil and plant roots were washed into 40-mesh screens. Screens were immersed in salt water, and RWW immatures were recovered and counted. The center 4 rows of plots were harvested on 8 Sep with a small plot combine. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90317732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three Bt products were evaluated for control PLR larvae of the summer generation. The test orchard was located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Test Trees were 15-year-old spur type ‘Red Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. The orchard was irrigated by over-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test design consisted of seven-tree plots replicated five times in randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Dates of different treatments are shown in the table. The 9 Jun application was timed to coincide with predicted beginning of egg hatch. The 15 Jun application was timed to coincide with predicted peak of egg hatch, and the 22 Jun application was timed to coincide with the completion of egg hatch. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 20 Jul when surviving larvae could be easily found at the tips of growing shoots. Each tree was examined for 2 min and the number of active feeding sites (live leafroller larvae) was recorded.
{"title":"Apple, Control of the Pandemis Leafroller with Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt) Products in Summer, 1992","authors":"J. Brunner, L. O. Smith","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Three Bt products were evaluated for control PLR larvae of the summer generation. The test orchard was located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Test Trees were 15-year-old spur type ‘Red Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. The orchard was irrigated by over-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test design consisted of seven-tree plots replicated five times in randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Dates of different treatments are shown in the table. The 9 Jun application was timed to coincide with predicted beginning of egg hatch. The 15 Jun application was timed to coincide with predicted peak of egg hatch, and the 22 Jun application was timed to coincide with the completion of egg hatch. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 20 Jul when surviving larvae could be easily found at the tips of growing shoots. Each tree was examined for 2 min and the number of active feeding sites (live leafroller larvae) was recorded.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90644768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. M. Rodriguez, J. Skias, A. Younis, T. E. Reagan
Insecticides were applied to first ratoon sugarcane (4 replications) at Palo Alto Plantation, Donaldsonville, LA, for season-long control of SCB. Each treatment was applied in water using an Ag Cat with swaths of 14.5 m (8 rows) wide delivering 18.7 liters of finished product/hectare. The 1st application was made when 60% of the stalks showed visible internodes, and >5% of stalks sampled contained live larvae present in the leaf sheaths (the Louisiana State University-recommended threshold). The 1st treatment was applied on 28 Jul; the 2nd on Aug 16, when SCB infestation in the Asana XL treatment exceeded the economic threshold. SCB damage was estimated by examining 15 plants at 5 locations in each plot (75 stalks). The number of bored internodes, exit holes and total number of internodes were counted (Oct 9) and statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance and mean separation by LSD (0.05) tests.
{"title":"Aerial Application Control of the Sugarcane Borer, 1992:","authors":"L. M. Rodriguez, J. Skias, A. Younis, T. E. Reagan","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.279a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.279a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Insecticides were applied to first ratoon sugarcane (4 replications) at Palo Alto Plantation, Donaldsonville, LA, for season-long control of SCB. Each treatment was applied in water using an Ag Cat with swaths of 14.5 m (8 rows) wide delivering 18.7 liters of finished product/hectare. The 1st application was made when 60% of the stalks showed visible internodes, and >5% of stalks sampled contained live larvae present in the leaf sheaths (the Louisiana State University-recommended threshold). The 1st treatment was applied on 28 Jul; the 2nd on Aug 16, when SCB infestation in the Asana XL treatment exceeded the economic threshold. SCB damage was estimated by examining 15 plants at 5 locations in each plot (75 stalks). The number of bored internodes, exit holes and total number of internodes were counted (Oct 9) and statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance and mean separation by LSD (0.05) tests.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90683625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planting-time treatments of 3 granular soil insecticide products were evaluated on reduced tilled 1st year and continuous corn at the OARDC Western Branch Field Station near South Charleston. Each of the soil insecticides was evaluated at 2 rates. A RCB design with 4 replicates was used. Plots were 27.4 m (90 ft) in length and 4 rows wide at 76.2 cm (30 inch) row spacing. Treatments were applied 5 May at planting time using a John Deere 7000 planter equipped with Noble granular insecticide application equipment. All granular treatments were applied as a band prior to closure by the press wheel. Stand counts were taken 11 Jun on 30.5 m (100 ft) of row. Root systems of 5 plants per plot were rated 7 Aug using the Iowa 1-6 scale. On 22 Oct, plots were machine harvested to determine yield.
{"title":"Evaluation of Soil Insecticides on First Year and Continuous Corn in Ohio, 1992","authors":"H. Willson, J. B. Eisley","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.213","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Planting-time treatments of 3 granular soil insecticide products were evaluated on reduced tilled 1st year and continuous corn at the OARDC Western Branch Field Station near South Charleston. Each of the soil insecticides was evaluated at 2 rates. A RCB design with 4 replicates was used. Plots were 27.4 m (90 ft) in length and 4 rows wide at 76.2 cm (30 inch) row spacing. Treatments were applied 5 May at planting time using a John Deere 7000 planter equipped with Noble granular insecticide application equipment. All granular treatments were applied as a band prior to closure by the press wheel. Stand counts were taken 11 Jun on 30.5 m (100 ft) of row. Root systems of 5 plants per plot were rated 7 Aug using the Iowa 1-6 scale. On 22 Oct, plots were machine harvested to determine yield.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90947184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three different Bt products were evaluated for their ability to control overwintered OBLR larvae. The test was conducted in two commercial orchards located near Milton-Freewater, OR. Trees in the HOME orchard were 20-year-old spur type ‘Red Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. Trees in the GALA orchard were 3-year-old ‘Gala’ on dwarfing roots. In the HOME orchard the test design consisted of two-tree plots replicated five times in randomized complete blocks. In the GALA orchard the test design consisted of five-tree plots replicated five times in randomized complete blocks. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. First application of all treatments was made on 18 Mar, at the half-inch green-tip (HIG) stage of fruit bud development. The second application of the Bt products only was made on 25 Mar at the pink (P) stage of fruit bud development. On 8 Apr each tree was examined and the number of active feeding sites (live leafroller larvae) recorded.
{"title":"Apple, Spring Control of the Oblr with Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt) Products, 1992","authors":"J. Brunner, L. Smith","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Three different Bt products were evaluated for their ability to control overwintered OBLR larvae. The test was conducted in two commercial orchards located near Milton-Freewater, OR. Trees in the HOME orchard were 20-year-old spur type ‘Red Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. Trees in the GALA orchard were 3-year-old ‘Gala’ on dwarfing roots. In the HOME orchard the test design consisted of two-tree plots replicated five times in randomized complete blocks. In the GALA orchard the test design consisted of five-tree plots replicated five times in randomized complete blocks. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. First application of all treatments was made on 18 Mar, at the half-inch green-tip (HIG) stage of fruit bud development. The second application of the Bt products only was made on 25 Mar at the pink (P) stage of fruit bud development. On 8 Apr each tree was examined and the number of active feeding sites (live leafroller larvae) recorded.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91010606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All bioassays used larvae aged 36 ± 12 h from a laboratory strain of Colorado potato beetles reared on greenhouse-grown ‘Norland’ potatoes. The entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was assayed as both a technical powder (ABG-6178) and as aerial conidia grown in the laboratory. The fungus was cultured for 10 to 20 d on Sabouraud‘s dextrose agar after isolation from adult Colorado potato beetle cadavers previously infected with ABG-6178. Treatments were applied by submersing terminal potato leaflets (of about 10 cm2) for 4 s in a test concentration. A wetting agent, Tween 80 (0.05% concentration), was used to prepare all dilutions. Controls were treated with 0.05% Tween 80 alone. Treated leaves were allowed to drain on absorbent paper for about 60 s and placed into individual assay chambers to air dry. Four to five larvae were then placed on each treated leaf with a camel hair brush. Assays were repeated 2 to 4 times. Assay chambers were made of two stacked 60 x 20 mm plastic petri dishes. The top petri dish was lined with moist filter paper. A hole drilled through the dish base allowed the leaf petiole to extend into the lower petri dish which held a distilled water reservoir to maintain leaf turgor. Assays were kept in a growth chamber at 23°C, 70-80% RH and 18:6 L:D. Leaves were replaced after 48 h and, thereafter, as necessary. Mortality was counted at 24 h intervals after 3 to 7 d of exposure. Individuals not responding to tactile stimulation were considered dead. Data were corrected with Abbott‘s formula and analyzed using probit analysis (POLO-PC). Not all treatments were assayed on each day.
{"title":"Leaf-Dip Bioassays of Chitin Inhibitors and Abg-6178 for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potatoes, 1991","authors":"Donald W. Barry, J. Bowman","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.372","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 All bioassays used larvae aged 36 ± 12 h from a laboratory strain of Colorado potato beetles reared on greenhouse-grown ‘Norland’ potatoes. The entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was assayed as both a technical powder (ABG-6178) and as aerial conidia grown in the laboratory. The fungus was cultured for 10 to 20 d on Sabouraud‘s dextrose agar after isolation from adult Colorado potato beetle cadavers previously infected with ABG-6178. Treatments were applied by submersing terminal potato leaflets (of about 10 cm2) for 4 s in a test concentration. A wetting agent, Tween 80 (0.05% concentration), was used to prepare all dilutions. Controls were treated with 0.05% Tween 80 alone. Treated leaves were allowed to drain on absorbent paper for about 60 s and placed into individual assay chambers to air dry. Four to five larvae were then placed on each treated leaf with a camel hair brush. Assays were repeated 2 to 4 times. Assay chambers were made of two stacked 60 x 20 mm plastic petri dishes. The top petri dish was lined with moist filter paper. A hole drilled through the dish base allowed the leaf petiole to extend into the lower petri dish which held a distilled water reservoir to maintain leaf turgor. Assays were kept in a growth chamber at 23°C, 70-80% RH and 18:6 L:D. Leaves were replaced after 48 h and, thereafter, as necessary. Mortality was counted at 24 h intervals after 3 to 7 d of exposure. Individuals not responding to tactile stimulation were considered dead. Data were corrected with Abbott‘s formula and analyzed using probit analysis (POLO-PC). Not all treatments were assayed on each day.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88983072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We sprayed 12-15 tree plots in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of alternating trees of‘Yorking,’ and ‘Golden Delicious.’ These trees were planted 18 x 25 ft apart and were 13 years old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre at 2.4 mph, except for the last Lorsban/Lannate treatment which received 50 gal/acre at 2.8 mph. Application timings were based on accumulated degree days following various biofix points (i.e., 1st egg hatch). Degree day calculations were based on minimum and maximum developmental thresholds of 45°F and 91°F, respectively. All applications were complete sprays, except for the second RH-5992 treatment, which was applied using the alternate row middle (ARM) method. A routine schedule of fungicides (Penncozeb, Rubigan, captan 50 WP and Topsin M 85 DF) was maintained throughout the experiment. ARM applications of Carzol 92 SP at 0.55 lb Al/acre 1.1 lb Al/acre (expressed as amount/acre for a complete spray) for white apple leaihopper control were made on 22 May and 1 Jun, respectively. Four ARM applications of Swat 8 E at 0.075 lb AI/acre (expressed as amount/acre for a complete spray) for control of apple aphid were made on 8, 19 and 29 Jun and 24 Jul. A complete application of Omite 6 E at 1.8 lb Al/acre was made on 8 Jul for mite control. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM and ZM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree (100 leaves/treatment). Effect of sprays on SP was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury to drop apples on 13 Aug, 2 and 14 Sep from the center two ‘Yorking’ trees. For ‘Golden Delicious,’ 120 apples were picked per replicate (40 apples on each of 6 trees). For ‘Yorking,’ 360 picked apples and 150 dropped apples per replicate were evaluated for injury. Pest pressure was high throughout the season.
{"title":"Apple, Tufted Apple Bud Moth Control Tactics, 1992","authors":"L. Hull, D. Biddinger","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We sprayed 12-15 tree plots in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of alternating trees of‘Yorking,’ and ‘Golden Delicious.’ These trees were planted 18 x 25 ft apart and were 13 years old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre at 2.4 mph, except for the last Lorsban/Lannate treatment which received 50 gal/acre at 2.8 mph. Application timings were based on accumulated degree days following various biofix points (i.e., 1st egg hatch). Degree day calculations were based on minimum and maximum developmental thresholds of 45°F and 91°F, respectively. All applications were complete sprays, except for the second RH-5992 treatment, which was applied using the alternate row middle (ARM) method. A routine schedule of fungicides (Penncozeb, Rubigan, captan 50 WP and Topsin M 85 DF) was maintained throughout the experiment. ARM applications of Carzol 92 SP at 0.55 lb Al/acre 1.1 lb Al/acre (expressed as amount/acre for a complete spray) for white apple leaihopper control were made on 22 May and 1 Jun, respectively. Four ARM applications of Swat 8 E at 0.075 lb AI/acre (expressed as amount/acre for a complete spray) for control of apple aphid were made on 8, 19 and 29 Jun and 24 Jul. A complete application of Omite 6 E at 1.8 lb Al/acre was made on 8 Jul for mite control. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM and ZM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree (100 leaves/treatment). Effect of sprays on SP was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury to drop apples on 13 Aug, 2 and 14 Sep from the center two ‘Yorking’ trees. For ‘Golden Delicious,’ 120 apples were picked per replicate (40 apples on each of 6 trees). For ‘Yorking,’ 360 picked apples and 150 dropped apples per replicate were evaluated for injury. Pest pressure was high throughout the season.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86507630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted using treated leaves from a mature ‘Delicious’ orchard at the Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center in Wenatchee, Washington. The four treatments (Agri-Mek 0.15EC 11 g Al/acre; Agri-Mek 0.15EC llg Al/acre plus 0.25% Volck Supreme Oil; Agri-Mek 0.15EC llg Al/acre plus Sylgard; and an untreated check) were applied on 1 Jun. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer operated at 250 psi to the point of drip. Ten leaves were collected on each bioassay date. A 2-cm leaf disk was cut from each leaf and floated upside down in a jelly cup of water and cellucotton. Ten adult female TSM were loaded on each leaf disk and evaluated for mortality after 72 h at 25°C. Dead and moribund mites were classed as dead, and mites that were not found on the leaf disk were not included in the analyses. Post-treatment assays were conducted on leaves collected at ca. weekly intervals. Treatment mortality data were corrected for check mortality with Abbott's formula.
这项研究使用了华盛顿州韦纳奇果树研究与推广中心成熟的“美味”果园的处理过的叶子。四种处理(Agri-Mek 0.15EC 11 g Al/亩;Agri-Mek 0.15EC lg Al/acre加0.25% Volck Supreme Oil;Agri-Mek 0.15EC llal /acre + Sylgard;6月1日，使用手持式喷雾器进行处理，喷雾器的压力为250 psi，直至滴注点。每个生物测定日采集10片叶片。从每片叶子上剪下一个2厘米的圆盘，倒挂在盛有水和纤维素的果冻杯中。将10只成年雌性TSM装在每个叶片上，在25°C条件下处理72 h，评估其死亡率。死螨和垂死螨被归类为死螨，未在叶盘上发现的螨不包括在分析中。处理后对每隔约一周采集的叶片进行分析。治疗死亡率数据用雅培公式校正为检查死亡率。
{"title":"Residual Mortauty of Twospotted Spider Mite From Agri-Mek Plus Various Adjuvants, 1992","authors":"E. Beers, A. Anderson","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.361a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.361a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study was conducted using treated leaves from a mature ‘Delicious’ orchard at the Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center in Wenatchee, Washington. The four treatments (Agri-Mek 0.15EC 11 g Al/acre; Agri-Mek 0.15EC llg Al/acre plus 0.25% Volck Supreme Oil; Agri-Mek 0.15EC llg Al/acre plus Sylgard; and an untreated check) were applied on 1 Jun. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer operated at 250 psi to the point of drip. Ten leaves were collected on each bioassay date. A 2-cm leaf disk was cut from each leaf and floated upside down in a jelly cup of water and cellucotton. Ten adult female TSM were loaded on each leaf disk and evaluated for mortality after 72 h at 25°C. Dead and moribund mites were classed as dead, and mites that were not found on the leaf disk were not included in the analyses. Post-treatment assays were conducted on leaves collected at ca. weekly intervals. Treatment mortality data were corrected for check mortality with Abbott's formula.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81630096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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