Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1673802395
Introduction: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a gram-positive coccus, that frequently colonizes the human genital and gastrointestinal tract, and is the most common cause of invasive infections in neonates. The high clinical suspicion and early treatment are essential to prevent devastating sequelae and improve the prognosis of these patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study made with children younger than 3 months of age, admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit of a level II hospital, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021, with early (EOI) or late-onset (LOI) neonatal GBS infection. Reviewed obstetric history, risk factors, intrapartum chemoprophylaxis (IPA), clinical manifestations, antibiotic therapy, supportive care, recurrent infection, morbidities and deaths. Results: There were 6 cases registered during 12-year period with GBS infection, 3(50%) had EOI, 3(50%) had LOI and 1 case with recurrent infection (more 2 episodes). Most cases were prematures (4/6; 67%)with average gestational age of 29weeks. Eight GBS infections were documented. In EOI, prematurity and prolonged rupture of membranes without chemoprophylaxis were identified as risk factors. The most common clinical diagnosis was meningitis (62,5%, 5/8) and sepsis/bacteriemia without a focus (37,5%, 3/8). The most used empirical therapy was ampicillin, gentamicin and cefotaxime (50%, 4/8) and the most frequent definitive therapy was Penicillin G. 4 patients needed ventilatory support and 1 needed shock and seizures treatment. In one case hydrocephalus and delayed psychomotor development (DPD) were reported and in another case DPD and eyelid ptosis were also reported. 1 death occurred. Conclusion: In our study, maternal colonization wasn’t a risk factor for EIO, because the 4 mothers who performed GBS culture (2 mothers of term newborns and 2 mothers of preterms, one with invasive disease and other with recurrent infection) were negative. We obtained a higher percentage of meningitis than previously described (62.5% vs 5-10%), probably because most patients were premature and immunosuppressed.
简介:B群链球菌(GBS)是一种革兰氏阳性球菌，经常定植于人类生殖器和胃肠道，是新生儿侵袭性感染的最常见原因。高度的临床怀疑和早期治疗对于预防破坏性后遗症和改善患者预后至关重要。材料和方法:一项回顾性描述性研究，对2010年1月1日至2021年12月31日在某二级医院新生儿重症监护病房收治的3个月以下早期(EOI)或晚发型(LOI)新生儿GBS感染的儿童进行研究。审查了产科病史、危险因素、产时化学预防、临床表现、抗生素治疗、支持性护理、复发感染、发病率和死亡。结果:12年期间6例GBS感染，3例(50%)发生EOI, 3例(50%)发生LOI, 1例复发感染(≥2次)。大多数病例为早产(4/6;67%)，平均胎龄29周。记录了8例GBS感染。在EOI中，未经化学预防的早产和长时间膜破裂被确定为危险因素。最常见的临床诊断是脑膜炎(62.5%，5/8)和无病灶败血症/菌血症(37.5%，3/8)。应用最多的经验治疗是氨苄西林、庆大霉素和头孢噻肟(50%，4/8)，最常见的最终治疗是青霉素g。4例患者需要呼吸支持，1例患者需要休克和癫痫发作治疗。1例报告了脑积水和延迟精神运动发展(DPD)，另1例也报告了DPD和眼睑下垂。1人死亡。结论:在我们的研究中，母体定植不是EIO的危险因素，因为4例进行GBS培养的母亲(2例足月新生儿和2例早产儿，1例有侵袭性疾病，1例有复发性感染)均为阴性。我们获得的脑膜炎比例比先前描述的要高(62.5% vs 5-10%)，可能是因为大多数患者是早产儿和免疫抑制。
{"title":"NEONATAL GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: A TWELVE-YEAR STUDY","authors":"","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1673802395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1673802395","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a gram-positive coccus, that frequently colonizes the human genital and gastrointestinal tract, and is the most common cause of invasive infections in neonates. The high clinical suspicion and early treatment are essential to prevent devastating sequelae and improve the prognosis of these patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study made with children younger than 3 months of age, admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit of a level II hospital, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021, with early (EOI) or late-onset (LOI) neonatal GBS infection. Reviewed obstetric history, risk factors, intrapartum chemoprophylaxis (IPA), clinical manifestations, antibiotic therapy, supportive care, recurrent infection, morbidities and deaths. Results: There were 6 cases registered during 12-year period with GBS infection, 3(50%) had EOI, 3(50%) had LOI and 1 case with recurrent infection (more 2 episodes). Most cases were prematures (4/6; 67%)with average gestational age of 29weeks. Eight GBS infections were documented. In EOI, prematurity and prolonged rupture of membranes without chemoprophylaxis were identified as risk factors. The most common clinical diagnosis was meningitis (62,5%, 5/8) and sepsis/bacteriemia without a focus (37,5%, 3/8). The most used empirical therapy was ampicillin, gentamicin and cefotaxime (50%, 4/8) and the most frequent definitive therapy was Penicillin G. 4 patients needed ventilatory support and 1 needed shock and seizures treatment. In one case hydrocephalus and delayed psychomotor development (DPD) were reported and in another case DPD and eyelid ptosis were also reported. 1 death occurred. Conclusion: In our study, maternal colonization wasn’t a risk factor for EIO, because the 4 mothers who performed GBS culture (2 mothers of term newborns and 2 mothers of preterms, one with invasive disease and other with recurrent infection) were negative. We obtained a higher percentage of meningitis than previously described (62.5% vs 5-10%), probably because most patients were premature and immunosuppressed.","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88191518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1650453121
Rupali R. Bavikar, Meesha Zaheer, A. Buch, Rajeshwari Raishankar, R. Khan, C. Gore
BACKGROUND: Over the years, different studies conducted have established the advantages of liquid based cytology(LBC) over conventional preparations(CP) in cervical smears screening. However, the high cost of machinery required for the preparations still limits its usage in low-resource countries. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a low cost LBC method, EziPREP™ technique against conventional preparations for cervical screening. MATERIALS & METHOD: This was a cross sectional study comprising of 300 consequtive cervical samples over a period of 2 year. CP smears were prepared as per the standard technique using ayre’s spatula while for LBC sample was obtained on endocervical brush followed by detaching the head of brush into the fixative vials of LBC. The LBC samples were processed as per the manufacturer's protocol. Both CP and LBC smears were stained using standard Papanicolaou stain & H & E stain protocol. Slides were analysed by two pathologists independently. RESULTS: The unsatisfactory rate for CP was 5%, main cause being obscuring haemorrhage and inflammation, whereas on LBC samples it was 1.4%, owing to inadequate cellular material. Uniform distribution was more in LBC smears, with minimal overlapping. The morphological details were comparable in both sets of smears. The pathogenic organisms, like Gardenella(31%) & Candida(20%) were detected in more CP smears, Trichomonas was seen equally in both smears(3%). There was a 98% concordance in cytologic diagnosis between CP and LBC smears. Screening time was notably reduced in LBC smears (3±1minutes vs 5±1 minutes for CP) CONCLUSION: This low-cost LBC method holds promise in providing monolayered cervical smears with a clear background. It might carve the way for inclusion of liquid based cytology methods for cervical cancer screening on a larger scale in the low resourse countries.
{"title":"CONVENTIONAL CYTOLOGY VERSUS LIQUID BASED CYTOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF CERVICAL SMEARS – A STUDY OF 300 CASES","authors":"Rupali R. Bavikar, Meesha Zaheer, A. Buch, Rajeshwari Raishankar, R. Khan, C. Gore","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1650453121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1650453121","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Over the years, different studies conducted have established the advantages of liquid based cytology(LBC) over conventional preparations(CP) in cervical smears screening. However, the high cost of machinery required for the preparations still limits its usage in low-resource countries. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a low cost LBC method, EziPREP™ technique against conventional preparations for cervical screening. MATERIALS & METHOD: This was a cross sectional study comprising of 300 consequtive cervical samples over a period of 2 year. CP smears were prepared as per the standard technique using ayre’s spatula while for LBC sample was obtained on endocervical brush followed by detaching the head of brush into the fixative vials of LBC. The LBC samples were processed as per the manufacturer's protocol. Both CP and LBC smears were stained using standard Papanicolaou stain & H & E stain protocol. Slides were analysed by two pathologists independently. RESULTS: The unsatisfactory rate for CP was 5%, main cause being obscuring haemorrhage and inflammation, whereas on LBC samples it was 1.4%, owing to inadequate cellular material. Uniform distribution was more in LBC smears, with minimal overlapping. The morphological details were comparable in both sets of smears. The pathogenic organisms, like Gardenella(31%) & Candida(20%) were detected in more CP smears, Trichomonas was seen equally in both smears(3%). There was a 98% concordance in cytologic diagnosis between CP and LBC smears. Screening time was notably reduced in LBC smears (3±1minutes vs 5±1 minutes for CP) CONCLUSION: This low-cost LBC method holds promise in providing monolayered cervical smears with a clear background. It might carve the way for inclusion of liquid based cytology methods for cervical cancer screening on a larger scale in the low resourse countries.","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83851382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1678962299
Bharati Panda, S. Satapathy, Arati Panda, R. Dash
Background- Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 200 countries, creating havoc throughout the world. The accelerated development of the Covid-19 vaccine is thus vital development which created a milestone in the field of health. Vaccine hesitancy among the medical students and professionals might be a significant obstacles in implementing the vaccination drive programme. Objectives: 1) To assess the perception of medical students regarding COVID-19 vaccine. 2) To estimate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla. 3) To determine the association of various factors with the perceptions and acceptability of COVID-19.Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted for a period of 3months i.e August-October 2022 among the MBBS students of VIMSAR, Burla. The total sample size was 847. Results: 99.4%. of the students accepted Covid-19 as a fatal disease & almost all of the students had heard and know about COVID-19 vaccine but 93.3% among them think the vaccine will prevent the disease and build the immunity but 77.4% accept the vaccine to be safe and effective. Social media(94.3%) and news channel(94.6%) were the most common source of information for them. Covid-19 vaccine was taken by 728(86%) of students. Regarding the adverse events following immunisation only 34.4% of the students have heard it.. The 1st year batch students had least perception & acceptability on COVID-19 vaccine whereas maximum was seen among the final year students . The association between the various batches of MBBS students with the perception & acceptability on COVID-19 was found to be significant with chi-square value 123.4981 & 109.1895 respectively with P=0.001.Conclusion- Even though perception and acceptability about COVID-19 vaccine among the students is good but regarding the adverse events following immunisation many are unaware and are having lots of apprehension which could be dealt with proper sensitisation meetings.
{"title":"Perception And Acceptability Of COVID-19 Vaccine Among Medical Students Of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Bharati Panda, S. Satapathy, Arati Panda, R. Dash","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1678962299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1678962299","url":null,"abstract":"Background- Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 200 countries, creating havoc throughout the world. The accelerated development of the Covid-19 vaccine is thus vital development which created a milestone in the field of health. Vaccine hesitancy among the medical students and professionals might be a significant obstacles in implementing the vaccination drive programme. Objectives: 1) To assess the perception of medical students regarding COVID-19 vaccine. 2) To estimate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla. 3) To determine the association of various factors with the perceptions and acceptability of COVID-19.Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted for a period of 3months i.e August-October 2022 among the MBBS students of VIMSAR, Burla. The total sample size was 847. Results: 99.4%. of the students accepted Covid-19 as a fatal disease & almost all of the students had heard and know about COVID-19 vaccine but 93.3% among them think the vaccine will prevent the disease and build the immunity but 77.4% accept the vaccine to be safe and effective. Social media(94.3%) and news channel(94.6%) were the most common source of information for them. Covid-19 vaccine was taken by 728(86%) of students. Regarding the adverse events following immunisation only 34.4% of the students have heard it.. The 1st year batch students had least perception & acceptability on COVID-19 vaccine whereas maximum was seen among the final year students . The association between the various batches of MBBS students with the perception & acceptability on COVID-19 was found to be significant with chi-square value 123.4981 & 109.1895 respectively with P=0.001.Conclusion- Even though perception and acceptability about COVID-19 vaccine among the students is good but regarding the adverse events following immunisation many are unaware and are having lots of apprehension which could be dealt with proper sensitisation meetings.","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88252825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1665736819
B. Mota, M. Carvalho, Andreia Teixeira, F. Cunha, N. Brito
{"title":"Effects of the 2020 COVID-19 Confinement on obese and overweight children in a Portuguese Hospital Setting","authors":"B. Mota, M. Carvalho, Andreia Teixeira, F. Cunha, N. Brito","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1665736819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1665736819","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85357821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1658980314
Marta Caldas, M. Pedro, A. Morais, A. Bicho
A previously healthy 4-year-old boy presented with a rash on his elbows and knees that over 3 weeks became pruritic and expanded to the posterior cervical region and hands. It appeared during the summer, while frequently wearing a thermal suit. The patient had no systemic symptoms and none of his cohabitants had a rash. Skin examination revealed flesh-colored to mildly erythematous flat-topped papules on the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, posterior cervical region and the dorsum of the hands (Figure 1). The findings were compatible with the diagnosis of frictional lichenoid dermatitis, no further studies were performed and the patient was treated with topical hydrocortisone during 2 weeks, with improvement. Frictional lichenoid dermatitis is probably underdiagnosed and it is a benign and self-limited disease with typical clinical presentation, so it is important to recognize it as not to prescribe unnecessary workup and medication.
{"title":"Frictional Lichenoid Dermatitis","authors":"Marta Caldas, M. Pedro, A. Morais, A. Bicho","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1658980314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1658980314","url":null,"abstract":"A previously healthy 4-year-old boy presented with a rash on his elbows and knees that over 3 weeks became pruritic and expanded to the posterior cervical region and hands. It appeared during the summer, while frequently wearing a thermal suit. The patient had no systemic symptoms and none of his cohabitants had a rash. Skin examination revealed flesh-colored to mildly erythematous flat-topped papules on the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, posterior cervical region and the dorsum of the hands (Figure 1). The findings were compatible with the diagnosis of frictional lichenoid dermatitis, no further studies were performed and the patient was treated with topical hydrocortisone during 2 weeks, with improvement. Frictional lichenoid dermatitis is probably underdiagnosed and it is a benign and self-limited disease with typical clinical presentation, so it is important to recognize it as not to prescribe unnecessary workup and medication.","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84170702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1653491779
H. Sharma, Nikhilesh Kumar, Monika Gupta
Background: Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions are very commonly present in the ovaries and are a major cause of hospital admissions in varied age range from children to post-menopausal females. Aims: To study the spectrum of morphologic changes present in ovarian neoplasms in a tertiary care setup of North India. Settings and Design: Retrospective Materials and Methods: This is a three-year study of 66 cases of ovarian neoplasms, submitted for histopathological examination, received either as part of surgically resected hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or as ovarian mass/oophorectomy specimen. The study was conducted from March 2017 to February 2020 in Department of Pathology at T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Amausi, Lucknow. The relevant data was retrieved from Department record file including the slides for review. Result: The 66 ovarian neoplasms studied showed 54(81.8%) benign tumors, 11 malignant (16.66%) and 1(1.5%) borderline tumour. The surface epithelial tumors were the highest, 53 (80.3%) in number followed by 11(16.6%) Germ cell tumors and 2 (3%) Sex- cord stromal tumors. The age range of presentation was between 15-65 years. Conclusion: The study will provide an overview of the morphological patterns and frequency of various ovarian neoplasms present in and around Amausi region of Lucknow which will further facilitate management as well as introduction of other research and screening tools for early diagnosis of this neoplasm.
{"title":"HISTOPATHOLOGIC SPECTRUM OF OVARIAN NEOPLASMS IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE INSTITUTE OF NORTH INDIA","authors":"H. Sharma, Nikhilesh Kumar, Monika Gupta","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1653491779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1653491779","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions are very commonly present in the ovaries and are a major cause of hospital admissions in varied age range from children to post-menopausal females. Aims: To study the spectrum of morphologic changes present in ovarian neoplasms in a tertiary care setup of North India. Settings and Design: Retrospective Materials and Methods: This is a three-year study of 66 cases of ovarian neoplasms, submitted for histopathological examination, received either as part of surgically resected hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or as ovarian mass/oophorectomy specimen. The study was conducted from March 2017 to February 2020 in Department of Pathology at T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Amausi, Lucknow. The relevant data was retrieved from Department record file including the slides for review. Result: The 66 ovarian neoplasms studied showed 54(81.8%) benign tumors, 11 malignant (16.66%) and 1(1.5%) borderline tumour. The surface epithelial tumors were the highest, 53 (80.3%) in number followed by 11(16.6%) Germ cell tumors and 2 (3%) Sex- cord stromal tumors. The age range of presentation was between 15-65 years. Conclusion: The study will provide an overview of the morphological patterns and frequency of various ovarian neoplasms present in and around Amausi region of Lucknow which will further facilitate management as well as introduction of other research and screening tools for early diagnosis of this neoplasm.","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78474538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1674755681
Twinklekumar Parmar, M. Pattani
INTRODUCTION: Otitis media is the inflammation of the middle ear cleft and the tympanum with otorrhoea lasting from 2 weeks to more than 3 months, with permanent perforation mainly caused by bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this cross sectional bacteriological study of total 300 Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media cases from OPD & patients admitted in ENT ward of Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajkot were taken. Ear Discharge samples were collected and sent to department of microbiology as soon as possible. From January 2018 to June 2018, the Department of Microbiology was the site of the current study. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: The study group's subject range in age from 1 year to 68 years. The prevalence of CSOM reduced with age. A total number of 6 bacterial species were isolated from 212 culture positive cases. The above table shows that the most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 146 (68.9%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 39 (18.4%), E. coli 12 (5.6%). Others include Klebsiella pneumonia 8(3.7%) each. Proteus mirabilis was isolated from 6 samples (2.8%) and, Providencia rotgeri in one sample (0.47%). Antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus was 97%, 10%, and 100% sensitive to aminoglycosides, flouroquinolones, and cephalosporins. Pseudomonas spp. was sensitive to aminoglycosides, flouroquinolones, and cephalosporins to varying degrees 65.41%, 48.29%, and 89.38%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The bacterial profile in ears that discharge changes with time. Every case of CSOM should occasionally be thoroughly analysed bacteriologically in order to avoid administering unnecessary antibiotics. This will undoubtedly assist in establishing dry ears, avoiding problems, and shortening the treatment period, lowering the patient's overall morbidity.
{"title":"A BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF EAR DISCHARGE FROM CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA PATIENT ATTENDING TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"Twinklekumar Parmar, M. Pattani","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1674755681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1674755681","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Otitis media is the inflammation of the middle ear cleft and the tympanum with otorrhoea lasting from 2 weeks to more than 3 months, with permanent perforation mainly caused by bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this cross sectional bacteriological study of total 300 Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media cases from OPD & patients admitted in ENT ward of Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajkot were taken. Ear Discharge samples were collected and sent to department of microbiology as soon as possible. From January 2018 to June 2018, the Department of Microbiology was the site of the current study. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: The study group's subject range in age from 1 year to 68 years. The prevalence of CSOM reduced with age. A total number of 6 bacterial species were isolated from 212 culture positive cases. The above table shows that the most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 146 (68.9%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 39 (18.4%), E. coli 12 (5.6%). Others include Klebsiella pneumonia 8(3.7%) each. Proteus mirabilis was isolated from 6 samples (2.8%) and, Providencia rotgeri in one sample (0.47%). Antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus was 97%, 10%, and 100% sensitive to aminoglycosides, flouroquinolones, and cephalosporins. Pseudomonas spp. was sensitive to aminoglycosides, flouroquinolones, and cephalosporins to varying degrees 65.41%, 48.29%, and 89.38%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The bacterial profile in ears that discharge changes with time. Every case of CSOM should occasionally be thoroughly analysed bacteriologically in order to avoid administering unnecessary antibiotics. This will undoubtedly assist in establishing dry ears, avoiding problems, and shortening the treatment period, lowering the patient's overall morbidity.","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81731298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1669134895
K. Vagholkar, I. Bhatnagar, Narender Narang
Meckel’s diverticulum in a hernia sac is designated as a Littre’s hernia. It is an uncommon type of hernia. The diagnosis is invariably made at the time of surgery. Resection anastomosis of the adjacent segment of the small bowel with the diverticulum is a contentious issue. A case of Littre’s hernia is reported. A case of Littre’s hernia in a17 year old boy is reported to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic issues confronting the attending surgeon. A short segment resection anastomosis of the small bowel along with the Meckel’s diverticulum was done. A herniorrhaphy was done with no complications. The diagnostic challenges and the dilemma of selecting the best option for removing the Meckel’s diverticulum and choice of hernia repair are discussed. Littre’s hernia is invariably diagnosed intraoperatively. A short segment resection anastomosis of the adjacent small bowel along with the Meckel’s diverticulum prevents complications arising due to the diverticulum. A herniorrhaphy for a young patient and the use of an absorbable mesh for other age groups is advisable.
{"title":"Littre’s hernia: A Surgical dilemma.\u0000(Case Report)","authors":"K. Vagholkar, I. Bhatnagar, Narender Narang","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1669134895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1669134895","url":null,"abstract":"Meckel’s diverticulum in a hernia sac is designated as a Littre’s hernia. It is an uncommon type of hernia. The diagnosis is invariably made at the time of surgery. Resection anastomosis of the adjacent segment of the small bowel with the diverticulum is a contentious issue. A case of Littre’s hernia is reported. A case of Littre’s hernia in a17 year old boy is reported to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic issues confronting the attending surgeon. A short segment resection anastomosis of the small bowel along with the Meckel’s diverticulum was done. A herniorrhaphy was done with no complications. The diagnostic challenges and the dilemma of selecting the best option for removing the Meckel’s diverticulum and choice of hernia repair are discussed. Littre’s hernia is invariably diagnosed intraoperatively. A short segment resection anastomosis of the adjacent small bowel along with the Meckel’s diverticulum prevents complications arising due to the diverticulum. A herniorrhaphy for a young patient and the use of an absorbable mesh for other age groups is advisable.","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80831441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1678017905
Rajeev Kumar
{"title":"DIABETES MELLITUS AND CONCURRENT RENAL INSUFFICIENCY AS PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION","authors":"Rajeev Kumar","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1678017905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1678017905","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87760240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1669864064
Shanavas Cholakkal, B. Jose, Vijayan Peettakkandy, Pavithran Muriyil, R. Parambil, Harikrishnan Sreenivasan
Background and objectives : Cranioplasty following cranioplasty is historically considered as a cosmetic surgery. Until recent times, little was known regarding the therapeutic effects of cranioplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cranioplasty on neurological outcome in the patients with decompressive craniectomy. Our objective was to assess the neurological outcome of cranioplasty based on various scoring systems including BI(Barthel index), FIM(Functional independence measurement) ,GCS (Glasgow come score) and extended Glasgow outcome score(GOS) Methods : We conducted a prospective hospital based observational cohort study at Department of neurosurgery, Government medical college, Kozhikode after obtaining ethical committee clearance from the instituitional Ethics committee. Patients above 18 years who had underwent decompressive craniectomy admitted for cranioplasty were enrolled in to this study from August 2019 to July 2020 and were followed up for next 6 months for any complications. Glasgow coma scale, extended Glasgow outcome score , Barthel Index, Functional independence measurements – Total , Motor and cognitive scores were recorded pre-operatively , 1 day prior to surgery. Postoperative scores were also recorded after 1 month and 3 months . The details were collected in the proforma, was entered in to masterchart and analysed. Results and Discussion : A total of 58 patients were enrolled in to this study. Of these, 20.7% (n=12) were females and 79.3%(n=46) were males. Mean age of the patients in our study was 41.21 years (SD-12.97 years).Most common indication for decompressive craniectomy was acute SDH (62.1%) . Mean Preoperative GCS in our study group was 14.69 (SD -1.245), while the mean postoperative GCS at 1 month and 6 months were 14.71 and 14.76 and the difference were not statistically significant. Average time duration between decompressive craniectomy and cranioplasty cranioplasty varied from 4 months to 23 months with a mean duration of 7.65 months. Pre-operative mean extended Glasgow outcome score (GOS-E) was 7.41 (SD=0.94) and the mean postoperative GOSE at 1 month and 6 months were 7.69 and 7.71 and the difference was statistically significant.(p<0.001). Mean Preoperative functional independence measurement – motor (FIM-M) score was 75.5 (SD=14.74) Mean postoperative FIM-M at 1 month and 6 months were 84.71 and 84.98 . Similarly, mean Preoperative FIM cognitivescore 30.98 (SD 5.46)M, while the corresponding postoperative values at 1 month and 6 months were 32.66 and 32.97. Hence, mean FIM-Total score was 114.52(SD = 20.2), while the mean postoperative FIM-Total at 1 month and 6 months were 117.36 and 117.9. The difference in FIM-M, FIM-C and FIM-Total scores and 1 month and 6 months compared to the preoperative scores were statistically significant (p<0.001). Complication rate in our study was 17.2 % , which included postoperative collection, hydrocephalus, seizures and surgical site infection.
{"title":"A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CRANIOPLASTY ON NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY","authors":"Shanavas Cholakkal, B. Jose, Vijayan Peettakkandy, Pavithran Muriyil, R. Parambil, Harikrishnan Sreenivasan","doi":"10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1669864064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1669864064","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives : Cranioplasty following cranioplasty is historically considered as a cosmetic surgery. Until recent times, little was known regarding the therapeutic effects of cranioplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cranioplasty on neurological outcome in the patients with decompressive craniectomy. Our objective was to assess the neurological outcome of cranioplasty based on various scoring systems including BI(Barthel index), FIM(Functional independence measurement) ,GCS (Glasgow come score) and extended Glasgow outcome score(GOS) Methods : We conducted a prospective hospital based observational cohort study at Department of neurosurgery, Government medical college, Kozhikode after obtaining ethical committee clearance from the instituitional Ethics committee. Patients above 18 years who had underwent decompressive craniectomy admitted for cranioplasty were enrolled in to this study from August 2019 to July 2020 and were followed up for next 6 months for any complications. Glasgow coma scale, extended Glasgow outcome score , Barthel Index, Functional independence measurements – Total , Motor and cognitive scores were recorded pre-operatively , 1 day prior to surgery. Postoperative scores were also recorded after 1 month and 3 months . The details were collected in the proforma, was entered in to masterchart and analysed. Results and Discussion : A total of 58 patients were enrolled in to this study. Of these, 20.7% (n=12) were females and 79.3%(n=46) were males. Mean age of the patients in our study was 41.21 years (SD-12.97 years).Most common indication for decompressive craniectomy was acute SDH (62.1%) . Mean Preoperative GCS in our study group was 14.69 (SD -1.245), while the mean postoperative GCS at 1 month and 6 months were 14.71 and 14.76 and the difference were not statistically significant. Average time duration between decompressive craniectomy and cranioplasty cranioplasty varied from 4 months to 23 months with a mean duration of 7.65 months. Pre-operative mean extended Glasgow outcome score (GOS-E) was 7.41 (SD=0.94) and the mean postoperative GOSE at 1 month and 6 months were 7.69 and 7.71 and the difference was statistically significant.(p<0.001). Mean Preoperative functional independence measurement – motor (FIM-M) score was 75.5 (SD=14.74) Mean postoperative FIM-M at 1 month and 6 months were 84.71 and 84.98 . Similarly, mean Preoperative FIM cognitivescore 30.98 (SD 5.46)M, while the corresponding postoperative values at 1 month and 6 months were 32.66 and 32.97. Hence, mean FIM-Total score was 114.52(SD = 20.2), while the mean postoperative FIM-Total at 1 month and 6 months were 117.36 and 117.9. The difference in FIM-M, FIM-C and FIM-Total scores and 1 month and 6 months compared to the preoperative scores were statistically significant (p<0.001). Complication rate in our study was 17.2 % , which included postoperative collection, hydrocephalus, seizures and surgical site infection.","PeriodicalId":13694,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90368139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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