Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0707003
Okereke Macjonathan Chimchetam, V. A. Wirnkor, Duru Edbert Chidi
The hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose at the temperature of 100o C using phosphoric acid as catalyst was studied in this work. The effect of acid concentration on glucose yield with 1 g of biomass weight was studied at H3PO4 concentrations of 1 %, 2 %, 4 %, 8 %, 15 % and 20 %. It was found that glucose yield is directly proportional to acid concentration, with best yield of glucose being 21 mg in 35 minutes at acid concentration of 15 %. The hydrolysis could not take place at other concentrations studied. The effect of biomass weight on glucose yield was carried out with 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.5 g and 2.0 g of biomass. Results showed that 1.5 g and 2.0 g gave both 22 mg of glucose, while the other biomass weights gave 0 mg. This also indicated a proportional relationship between biomass weight and glucose yields. Optimization studies were carried out using the best values of acid concentration and biomass weight. The results showed that rate of cellulose hydrolysis at these conditions was 0.957 mg/min. The results obtained from this study showed that phosphoric acid is not a good catalyst for cellulose hydrolysis.
{"title":"Optimization and Kinetic Study of Cellulose Hydrolysis to Glucose Catalyzed by Phosphoric Acid (H3po4)","authors":"Okereke Macjonathan Chimchetam, V. A. Wirnkor, Duru Edbert Chidi","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0707003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0707003","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose at the temperature of 100o C using phosphoric acid as catalyst was studied in this work. The effect of acid concentration on glucose yield with 1 g of biomass weight was studied at H3PO4 concentrations of 1 %, 2 %, 4 %, 8 %, 15 % and 20 %. It was found that glucose yield is directly proportional to acid concentration, with best yield of glucose being 21 mg in 35 minutes at acid concentration of 15 %. The hydrolysis could not take place at other concentrations studied. The effect of biomass weight on glucose yield was carried out with 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.5 g and 2.0 g of biomass. Results showed that 1.5 g and 2.0 g gave both 22 mg of glucose, while the other biomass weights gave 0 mg. This also indicated a proportional relationship between biomass weight and glucose yields. Optimization studies were carried out using the best values of acid concentration and biomass weight. The results showed that rate of cellulose hydrolysis at these conditions was 0.957 mg/min. The results obtained from this study showed that phosphoric acid is not a good catalyst for cellulose hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83266210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0706003
Meselu Eskezia
Carbon is a unique element that possesses both electrical and structural properties that make an ideal material for uses fuel cells process. The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a special type of high temperature fuel cell that directly uses a solid carbon as the anode. The direct electrochemical power generation from carbon in fuel cells uses molten hydroxide electrolyte and carbon is electrochemically directly oxidized to generate power without the need for combustion or reforming process. Molten hydroxides are very important electrolyte in direct carbon fuel cell. They have a higher ionic conductivity and higher activity of carbon electrochemical oxidation. Depending on its compelling cost and performance advantages, the use of molten hydroxide electrolytes has been rejected by researchers, because of the potential formation of carbonate salt in the cell. In DCFC anode acts as an electrode which needs to have low resistance and high electron conductivity and also as a reactant which will be consumed during direct electrochemical power generation from carbon fuel cell.. The performance of DCFC is influences by various operating conditions including cathode inlet air flow rate, electrolyte temperature and fuel particle size. The operation of DCFC could be improved by proper selection of the fuel particle size. Larger the fuel particle size, the slower the cell voltage and as the electrolyte temperature increase, the electrical parameters also increase and the corrosion of the fuel cell reduced by the formation of oxide layers that determine reliable and continuous operation of the fuel cell.
{"title":"Electrochemical Power Generation from Carbon in Fuel Cell with Molten Hydroxide Electrolyte","authors":"Meselu Eskezia","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0706003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0706003","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon is a unique element that possesses both electrical and structural properties that make an ideal material for uses fuel cells process. The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a special type of high temperature fuel cell that directly uses a solid carbon as the anode. The direct electrochemical power generation from carbon in fuel cells uses molten hydroxide electrolyte and carbon is electrochemically directly oxidized to generate power without the need for combustion or reforming process. Molten hydroxides are very important electrolyte in direct carbon fuel cell. They have a higher ionic conductivity and higher activity of carbon electrochemical oxidation. Depending on its compelling cost and performance advantages, the use of molten hydroxide electrolytes has been rejected by researchers, because of the potential formation of carbonate salt in the cell. In DCFC anode acts as an electrode which needs to have low resistance and high electron conductivity and also as a reactant which will be consumed during direct electrochemical power generation from carbon fuel cell.. The performance of DCFC is influences by various operating conditions including cathode inlet air flow rate, electrolyte temperature and fuel particle size. The operation of DCFC could be improved by proper selection of the fuel particle size. Larger the fuel particle size, the slower the cell voltage and as the electrolyte temperature increase, the electrical parameters also increase and the corrosion of the fuel cell reduced by the formation of oxide layers that determine reliable and continuous operation of the fuel cell.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87646726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0702003
Sunil jayant Kulkarni
Many domestic process and methods used for cooking, washing, cleaning involves chemical engineering principles. Chemical engineering is interdisciplinary field in which many mechanical operations, chemistry fundamentals, kinetics, isotherms studies, unit operations and heart transfer operations are involved. Almost all the products which we use in our day to day life are produced by chemical engineering principles. Investigations are carried out to optimize the operations like cloth drying, cooking, and cloth washing by applying chemical engineering principles. This paper discusses the applications of unit operations for optimization of cloth drying, rice preparation and cooking, tea making and other domestic processes.
{"title":"Chemical Engineering Principles for Intensification of Domestic Operations","authors":"Sunil jayant Kulkarni","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0702003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0702003","url":null,"abstract":"Many domestic process and methods used for cooking, washing, cleaning involves chemical engineering principles. Chemical engineering is interdisciplinary field in which many mechanical operations, chemistry fundamentals, kinetics, isotherms studies, unit operations and heart transfer operations are involved. Almost all the products which we use in our day to day life are produced by chemical engineering principles. Investigations are carried out to optimize the operations like cloth drying, cooking, and cloth washing by applying chemical engineering principles. This paper discusses the applications of unit operations for optimization of cloth drying, rice preparation and cooking, tea making and other domestic processes.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89123228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0706001
Baraa Watheq, Alaa Mohammed, M. Al-Mashhadani, E. Yousif
Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) and it is also a non-steroidal, which might be providing relief from symptoms of inflammation and pain. However, Ibuprofen can cause risks such as stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, gas, constipation and diarrhea. In order to decrease the side effect and enhance the role of Ibuprofen, the researcher improves different methods such as metal-Ibuprofen complexes synthesized and developed Ibuprofen-delivery systems.
{"title":"Improve the Role of Ibuprofen in the Biological Field: Short Review","authors":"Baraa Watheq, Alaa Mohammed, M. Al-Mashhadani, E. Yousif","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0706001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0706001","url":null,"abstract":"Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) and it is also a non-steroidal, which might be providing relief from symptoms of inflammation and pain. However, Ibuprofen can cause risks such as stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, gas, constipation and diarrhea. In order to decrease the side effect and enhance the role of Ibuprofen, the researcher improves different methods such as metal-Ibuprofen complexes synthesized and developed Ibuprofen-delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79529854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0705004
Okorie Angela Nkeiruka, V. A. Wirnkor, Enyoh Christian Ebere, Verla Evelyn, Ngozi, Amaobi Collins Emeka
Ethanol and distilled water extracts of the Ocimum gratissimum leaves were obtained using standard methods. The preliminary phytochemical analysis carried out showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and absence of steroids in both extracts. Three extractives were used in compounding candle samples. The produced candle samples were tested for their mosquitos’ repellent ability by knockdown effect. The knockdown effect result showed that the number of mosquitoes still flying for hot water extract after 5 minutes was 8(20%), then at 10 minutes was 6(20%). However, the highest mosquito’s knockdown effect was at 15 minutes which had 3 mosquitos knockdown. Cold water extract result showed the lowest knockdown effect at 10 minutes 9(10%) while for ethanol extract, there was highest knockdown effect at 10 minutes which have 4(40%). Studies revealed that occimum gratissimum has the tendency and ability of eliminating mosquitoes in less than 10 minutes of application with ethanolic extracts being the most efficient. However, the health implication of this research was not studied to ascertain possible implication on the person inhaling the product.
采用标准的方法，得到了茴香叶的乙醇提取物和蒸馏水提取物。初步植物化学分析表明，两种提取物均含有生物碱、单宁、糖苷、皂苷、黄酮类化合物，不含类固醇。用三种萃取剂配制蜡烛样品。利用敲除效应测试了蜡烛样品的驱蚊能力。抑蚊效果表明，热水浸提液5 min后仍在飞行的蚊数为8只(20%)，10 min时仍在飞行的蚊数为6只(20%)。在15分钟内，蚊子的击倒效果最高，有3只蚊子被击倒。冷水浸提物10 min 9时的敲除效果最低(10%)，乙醇浸提物10 min 9时的敲除效果最高(40%)。研究表明，花香有在施用10分钟内消灭蚊虫的倾向和能力，其中乙醇提取物最有效。然而，这项研究对健康的影响并没有进行研究，以确定吸入该产品的人可能受到的影响。
{"title":"Potentials of Ocimum Gratissimum Extracts as Mosquito Repellents and Mosquitocidal Candles","authors":"Okorie Angela Nkeiruka, V. A. Wirnkor, Enyoh Christian Ebere, Verla Evelyn, Ngozi, Amaobi Collins Emeka","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0705004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0705004","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol and distilled water extracts of the Ocimum gratissimum leaves were obtained using standard methods. The preliminary phytochemical analysis carried out showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and absence of steroids in both extracts. Three extractives were used in compounding candle samples. The produced candle samples were tested for their mosquitos’ repellent ability by knockdown effect. The knockdown effect result showed that the number of mosquitoes still flying for hot water extract after 5 minutes was 8(20%), then at 10 minutes was 6(20%). However, the highest mosquito’s knockdown effect was at 15 minutes which had 3 mosquitos knockdown. Cold water extract result showed the lowest knockdown effect at 10 minutes 9(10%) while for ethanol extract, there was highest knockdown effect at 10 minutes which have 4(40%). Studies revealed that occimum gratissimum has the tendency and ability of eliminating mosquitoes in less than 10 minutes of application with ethanolic extracts being the most efficient. However, the health implication of this research was not studied to ascertain possible implication on the person inhaling the product.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77806243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0708001
Iyama, Edori
This study was aimed at determining the variations of some heavy metals in soil sample between Mile 3 (M3) and Mile 4 (M4), all in Diobu, which are both primarily business and residential areas when compared to the control represented by the Rivers State University (RSU), Port Harcourt. The Azuka Index (Ai) was used to determine the Safety Factor Index. The levels and distribution of seven heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, As) in soil (0–25 cm depth) from the area using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS, Perkin Elmer 2380) were assessed. The results showed that in M3, Fe (1418.303), Cd (2.692), Pb (7.646), Ni (7.412) and M4, Fe (1162.011), Cd (1.436), Pb (7.372), Ni (5.384) were above WHO/FAO/FEPA recommended permissible limits for soils. High percentage variations occurred between the study stations and the controls, M3/RSU for Fe, Cd, Cr, Ni, As and M4/ RSU for Cd, Cr, Ni, As respectively. Though, the result of the ANOVA showed p-value of 0.2845 (α=0.05) meaning no significant difference within the M3, M4 and RSU stations was also corroborated by the t-test result for M3/ RSU control and M4/ RSU control which were 1.013 and 1.037 respectively at 0.05 significant levels. The mile 3 study station was observed to have more anthropic inputs which also showed in the variations from the Mile 4 results. The above results showed that only Cu in the Mile 4 study station certified a safe range while all the heavy metals exceeded safe limits especially Cd, As and Ni. The concentration distribution trend for the heavy metals studied were; M3 (Fe>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cd); M4 (Fe>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>As>Cd); RSU (Fe>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>As>Cd). The increasing concentrationss of these heavy metals in the soils of these areas stands a threat to health of the inhabitants; hence must be monitored and adequate measures taken by appropriate authorities of government
{"title":"Assessment of Levels and Safe Factor Index of Heavy Metals in Soils Around Diobu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Iyama, Edori","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0708001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0708001","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at determining the variations of some heavy metals in soil sample between Mile 3 (M3) and Mile 4 (M4), all in Diobu, which are both primarily business and residential areas when compared to the control represented by the Rivers State University (RSU), Port Harcourt. The Azuka Index (Ai) was used to determine the Safety Factor Index. The levels and distribution of seven heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, As) in soil (0–25 cm depth) from the area using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS, Perkin Elmer 2380) were assessed. The results showed that in M3, Fe (1418.303), Cd (2.692), Pb (7.646), Ni (7.412) and M4, Fe (1162.011), Cd (1.436), Pb (7.372), Ni (5.384) were above WHO/FAO/FEPA recommended permissible limits for soils. High percentage variations occurred between the study stations and the controls, M3/RSU for Fe, Cd, Cr, Ni, As and M4/ RSU for Cd, Cr, Ni, As respectively. Though, the result of the ANOVA showed p-value of 0.2845 (α=0.05) meaning no significant difference within the M3, M4 and RSU stations was also corroborated by the t-test result for M3/ RSU control and M4/ RSU control which were 1.013 and 1.037 respectively at 0.05 significant levels. The mile 3 study station was observed to have more anthropic inputs which also showed in the variations from the Mile 4 results. The above results showed that only Cu in the Mile 4 study station certified a safe range while all the heavy metals exceeded safe limits especially Cd, As and Ni. The concentration distribution trend for the heavy metals studied were; M3 (Fe>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cd); M4 (Fe>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>As>Cd); RSU (Fe>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>As>Cd). The increasing concentrationss of these heavy metals in the soils of these areas stands a threat to health of the inhabitants; hence must be monitored and adequate measures taken by appropriate authorities of government","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77182670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0703002
M Mofizul Islam, M. A. Islam, P. Biswas, S. Auyon
Nicotiana tabacum is an herbaceous plant in the Solanaceae (nightshade family) that originated in the tropical Americas and is now cultivated worldwide as the primary commercial source of tobacco (FAO, 2000). But the matter of concern is that at present, tobacco is the single greatest cause of death around the world and sources of momentous adverse effect on human health including maternal and child death (WHO, 2008).
{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Toxicants in Major Tobacco Products Available in Bangladesh","authors":"M Mofizul Islam, M. A. Islam, P. Biswas, S. Auyon","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0703002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0703002","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotiana tabacum is an herbaceous plant in the Solanaceae (nightshade family) that originated in the tropical Americas and is now cultivated worldwide as the primary commercial source of tobacco (FAO, 2000). But the matter of concern is that at present, tobacco is the single greatest cause of death around the world and sources of momentous adverse effect on human health including maternal and child death (WHO, 2008).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89632432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0705001
B. Mueller
Unfortunately, Nepal's current arsenic issueconcerning ground water was recognized much later than in other countries of South-Asia (e.g. West Bengal (India), Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam, China). Nepal did not seem to be much affected by As poisoning ground water hosted by quaternary alluvial sediments as the landlocked country is dominated by the mountain chain of the high Himalayas and only features a very narrow band of flat land (the so called Terai, the Indo-Gangetic Plain of southern Nepal) builtup by those quaternary alluvial sediments. The actual drinking water guideline (10 μg/l) for As imposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is exceed in several districts (namely Nawalparasi, Bara, Parsa, Rautahat, Rupandehi, and Kapalivastu (Shrestha et al., 2014). As soon concentration of arsenic exceeds the guideline, detrimental health effects are likely to occur.Characteristic skin lesions including pigmentation changes (melanosis, keratosis); various reproductive, neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and diabetic effects as well as cancers of almost all inner organsare among the most prominent health impacts caused by the longterm intake of As (Smith et al., 2000; Adhikari and Ghimire, 2009; Smith and Steinmaus, 2009; Abdul et al., 2015).
不幸的是，尼泊尔目前对地下水砷问题的认识比南亚其他国家(如西孟加拉邦(印度)、孟加拉国、柬埔寨、越南、中国)晚得多。尼泊尔似乎没有受到第四纪冲积沉积物携带的砷中毒地下水的太大影响，因为这个内陆国家主要是喜马拉雅山脉，只有非常狭窄的平坦地带(所谓的Terai，尼泊尔南部的印度恒河平原)是由第四纪冲积沉积物形成的。有几个地区(即Nawalparasi、Bara、Parsa、Rautahat、Rupandehi和Kapalivastu)超过了世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的实际饮用水标准(10 μg/l) (Shrestha et al.， 2014)。一旦砷的浓度超过指导值，就可能产生有害的健康影响。特征性皮肤病变，包括色素沉着改变(黑变、角化病);各种生殖、神经、呼吸、心血管、胃肠道和糖尿病影响以及几乎所有内部器官的癌症是长期摄入砷引起的最突出的健康影响(Smith等人，2000年;Adhikari and Ghimire, 2009;Smith and Steinmaus, 2009;Abdul et al.， 2015)。
{"title":"Towards a Sustainable Solution: Factors and Prerequisites of Improving the Kanchan Arsenic Filters used in the Terai of Nepal. A Review","authors":"B. Mueller","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0705001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0705001","url":null,"abstract":"Unfortunately, Nepal's current arsenic issueconcerning ground water was recognized much later than in other countries of South-Asia (e.g. West Bengal (India), Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam, China). Nepal did not seem to be much affected by As poisoning ground water hosted by quaternary alluvial sediments as the landlocked country is dominated by the mountain chain of the high Himalayas and only features a very narrow band of flat land (the so called Terai, the Indo-Gangetic Plain of southern Nepal) builtup by those quaternary alluvial sediments. The actual drinking water guideline (10 μg/l) for As imposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is exceed in several districts (namely Nawalparasi, Bara, Parsa, Rautahat, Rupandehi, and Kapalivastu (Shrestha et al., 2014). As soon concentration of arsenic exceeds the guideline, detrimental health effects are likely to occur.Characteristic skin lesions including pigmentation changes (melanosis, keratosis); various reproductive, neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and diabetic effects as well as cancers of almost all inner organsare among the most prominent health impacts caused by the longterm intake of As (Smith et al., 2000; Adhikari and Ghimire, 2009; Smith and Steinmaus, 2009; Abdul et al., 2015).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79663928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0704004
Omar G. Mousa, E. Yousif, M. Al-Mashhadani
Carvedilol can be defined as one of the racemic mixtures, in which S(-) enantiomer is one of the beta adrenoceptor blockers and R(+) enantiomer is beta as well as alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker. presently, it is utilized for the treatment of the heart failures, hypertension, and left ventricular dysfunctions. Carvedilol’s dual action has been proven to be beneficial in the combination types of therapy as small dosages of two drugs have reduced incidences of the negative consequences in comparison with the high dosage mono-therapy in treating moderate hypertension. 11
{"title":"An Overview of Carvedilol Side Effects and it's Importance in Medicine and Industry","authors":"Omar G. Mousa, E. Yousif, M. Al-Mashhadani","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0704004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0704004","url":null,"abstract":"Carvedilol can be defined as one of the racemic mixtures, in which S(-) enantiomer is one of the beta adrenoceptor blockers and R(+) enantiomer is beta as well as alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker. presently, it is utilized for the treatment of the heart failures, hypertension, and left ventricular dysfunctions. Carvedilol’s dual action has been proven to be beneficial in the combination types of therapy as small dosages of two drugs have reduced incidences of the negative consequences in comparison with the high dosage mono-therapy in treating moderate hypertension. 11","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82773836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0708003
E. Chiedu, O. Adeyoju, F. Oyibo, G. Asieba, Iyayi, Osa-Iguehide
Spectrophotometry is based on the measurement of the absorbance for monochromatic light passing through the solution containing the substance to be determined. Spectrophotometric methods can particularly be used for studying complexation equilibria and determination of the number of complexforming constituents as it is suited to the selective determination of very small concentrations of species without changing the composition of the solution. Schiff base ligand was synthesized using benzaldehyde and aniline to form a metal complex with the target analyte (Ni). The melting point and electrical conductivity of the synthesized nickel complex were 175.6C and 84x10Ώcmrespectively and the maximum absorbance at 360nm was 0.60. The complex was characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. The peak in FT-IR spectra at 1625.2 cm confirmed the (C=N) stretching vibration. The C and H NMR spectra showed 193.8 and 10.0 ppm respectively of (CH=N) which was assigned to the azomethine carbon atom and reveals a plausible structure of the complex.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Studies of N-Benzylideneaniline Ligand and its Nickel Complex","authors":"E. Chiedu, O. Adeyoju, F. Oyibo, G. Asieba, Iyayi, Osa-Iguehide","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0708003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0708003","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrophotometry is based on the measurement of the absorbance for monochromatic light passing through the solution containing the substance to be determined. Spectrophotometric methods can particularly be used for studying complexation equilibria and determination of the number of complexforming constituents as it is suited to the selective determination of very small concentrations of species without changing the composition of the solution. Schiff base ligand was synthesized using benzaldehyde and aniline to form a metal complex with the target analyte (Ni). The melting point and electrical conductivity of the synthesized nickel complex were 175.6C and 84x10Ώcmrespectively and the maximum absorbance at 360nm was 0.60. The complex was characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. The peak in FT-IR spectra at 1625.2 cm confirmed the (C=N) stretching vibration. The C and H NMR spectra showed 193.8 and 10.0 ppm respectively of (CH=N) which was assigned to the azomethine carbon atom and reveals a plausible structure of the complex.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85569466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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