Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0602004
Ankita Saraf, S. Singh, A. Dwivedi
NBP is a potential oxidizing agent, versatile in nature on hydrolysis produces HOBr reacting species extensively used in the oxidation of alcohols,1 benzhydrols,2 amino acids,3 hydroxy acids4 etc., whereas PTA a Keggin type anionic catalyst due to its thermal stability and acidity finds commendable position in Inorganic chemistry and is of academic importance in national and international laboratories. The kinetic oxidative studies of several organic compounds viz. aromatic alcohols,5 benzyl alcohols,6 involving PTA have been investigated. Cyclopentanol is a monohydric cyclic alcohol, shows a variety of reactions with different number of oxidants KBrO3,7 NCP,8 QDC,9 NBA,10 CAT11, Ce(IV)12, Ru(III)13. However, there is no report available on the possible reaction mechanism or its selectivity under special condition with NBP spectrophotometrically. Hence this has prompted authors to undertake the task of kinetic investigation.
{"title":"Catalytic Oxidation of Cyclopentanol with N-Bromophthalimide","authors":"Ankita Saraf, S. Singh, A. Dwivedi","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0602004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0602004","url":null,"abstract":"NBP is a potential oxidizing agent, versatile in nature on hydrolysis produces HOBr reacting species extensively used in the oxidation of alcohols,1 benzhydrols,2 amino acids,3 hydroxy acids4 etc., whereas PTA a Keggin type anionic catalyst due to its thermal stability and acidity finds commendable position in Inorganic chemistry and is of academic importance in national and international laboratories. The kinetic oxidative studies of several organic compounds viz. aromatic alcohols,5 benzyl alcohols,6 involving PTA have been investigated. Cyclopentanol is a monohydric cyclic alcohol, shows a variety of reactions with different number of oxidants KBrO3,7 NCP,8 QDC,9 NBA,10 CAT11, Ce(IV)12, Ru(III)13. However, there is no report available on the possible reaction mechanism or its selectivity under special condition with NBP spectrophotometrically. Hence this has prompted authors to undertake the task of kinetic investigation.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86301915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0603002
Komal Patel, Namrata Panchal, Pradnya Ingle
In Extraction the mixture of substances is dissociated, by dissolving each component with one or other solvents which yields two phases – Raffinate Phase (rich in Feed Solvent) and Extract Phase (rich in Solute) [1]. When the Relative Volatility is 1 the separation of the components in the mixture is not possible by Distillation and when relative Volatility is Greater than 1 Extraction method is used for separation of the components. Also, when the Distillation Method used is too expensive, Extraction process is opted [2]. The basic Block Diagram for Extraction process is given in the Fig1.
{"title":"Review of Extraction Techniques Extraction Methods: Microwave, Ultrasonic, Pressurized Fluid, Soxhlet Extraction, Etc","authors":"Komal Patel, Namrata Panchal, Pradnya Ingle","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0603002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0603002","url":null,"abstract":"In Extraction the mixture of substances is dissociated, by dissolving each component with one or other solvents which yields two phases – Raffinate Phase (rich in Feed Solvent) and Extract Phase (rich in Solute) [1]. When the Relative Volatility is 1 the separation of the components in the mixture is not possible by Distillation and when relative Volatility is Greater than 1 Extraction method is used for separation of the components. Also, when the Distillation Method used is too expensive, Extraction process is opted [2]. The basic Block Diagram for Extraction process is given in the Fig1.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78754966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0601003
Y. Martín-Biosca, L. Escuder-Gilabert, M. Pérez-Baeza, Maria Jos Medina-Hernndez
Biodegradability assays are designed to test a chemical substance as the sole carbon source in a mixed inoculum [3]. The OECD ready biodegradability tests (RBTs) are used as screening methods to provide information about of the potential persistence of chemicals under most environmental conditions [4]. This risk parameter depends on the chemical structure of the compound as well as on the conditions under which the degradation process takes place. Drugs biodegradability studies are currently a priority in environmental studies [5-10]. This is due to their extensive use with a continuous release into the environment and the subsequent impact.
{"title":"Biodegradability Features of Fluoxetine as a Reference Compound for Monitoring the Activity of Activated Sludges in Drug Biodegradation Studies","authors":"Y. Martín-Biosca, L. Escuder-Gilabert, M. Pérez-Baeza, Maria Jos Medina-Hernndez","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0601003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0601003","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradability assays are designed to test a chemical substance as the sole carbon source in a mixed inoculum [3]. The OECD ready biodegradability tests (RBTs) are used as screening methods to provide information about of the potential persistence of chemicals under most environmental conditions [4]. This risk parameter depends on the chemical structure of the compound as well as on the conditions under which the degradation process takes place. Drugs biodegradability studies are currently a priority in environmental studies [5-10]. This is due to their extensive use with a continuous release into the environment and the subsequent impact.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"AES-18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84572744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0606001
Sheeraz Ahmad Wagay, M. A. Kaloo
The plant Adiantum lunulatum-Burn 1 , belongs to natural order Polypodiaceae. It is commonly known as kali jhant in Hindi, Hansraj in Bombay and Hansavati in south India. It is reported to be useful for getting relief from fever and also for curing erysipelas. The dried whole plant has been used as a medicine for bronchitis and cough. It is used in bleeding diseases, burning sensation, erysipelas, epileptic fits, dysentery, strangury and elephantiasis. Few studies have been undertaken till date to substantiate its pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hypotensive etc. The plant is distributed throughout in northern India, in most places of south India and very general on western side in plains and lower slopes of India. In view of its so important medicinal values, the amino acids composition of its roots were studied.
{"title":"Phyto-Chemical Study of the Roots of Adiantum Lunulatum Burn","authors":"Sheeraz Ahmad Wagay, M. A. Kaloo","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0606001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0606001","url":null,"abstract":"The plant Adiantum lunulatum-Burn 1 , belongs to natural order Polypodiaceae. It is commonly known as kali jhant in Hindi, Hansraj in Bombay and Hansavati in south India. It is reported to be useful for getting relief from fever and also for curing erysipelas. The dried whole plant has been used as a medicine for bronchitis and cough. It is used in bleeding diseases, burning sensation, erysipelas, epileptic fits, dysentery, strangury and elephantiasis. Few studies have been undertaken till date to substantiate its pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hypotensive etc. The plant is distributed throughout in northern India, in most places of south India and very general on western side in plains and lower slopes of India. In view of its so important medicinal values, the amino acids composition of its roots were studied.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89870867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0601002
K. Tawarah
The olive oil industry is a seasonal agricultural activity in countries having the climate of the Mediterranean basin. Ripe olive fruits are harvested for two main reasons. They can be processed to yield pitted or un-pitted table olives or pressed to generate olive oil. In all cases there are by-products that need to be managed in a proper way to avoid their negative impacts on the environment. According to previous statistics covering the 2014-2016 period, about 176,000 olive trees were planted in Jordan [1,2].The main reason for the growing interest in planting olive trees is to produce olive oil and table olives in sufficient amounts to cope with the needs of the growing population in Jordan and to improve the income of many families. For example, in 2014 the self-sufficiency ratios of preserved olives and olive oil were estimated to be 114.3 and 103.4 %, respectively [3]. Recent statistics indicate that the number of olive trees in Jordan was 11.848 million trees [1]. In 2015 and 2014 olive harvest seasons, 156,639 and 118,215 tons of olive fruits were used for oil production, respectively. For the 2015 harvest season, 62.32 % of the pressed fruits was a harvest of the northern region of Jordan, while those harvested from central and southern regions were 26.23 and 11.45 %, respectively. These percentages are in accord with the geographical distribution of the number of trees in these regions [4].There are four types of olive mills in Jordan. Based on their oil extraction method, the four types are: the traditional press mill, the two-phase mill, the two-and-half-phase mill, and the three-phase mill. The most common type is the three-phase olive mills [5].Currently, the olive oil production is handled by 128 olive mills with regional distribution of 70%, 22%, and 8% in northern, central, and southern regions of Jordan, respectively. An input output analysis of the olive mills used in Jordan was reported [5]. The quantity and quality of the produced liquid and solid by-products depend on the type of the olive mill used for olive oil extraction [5]. For example, the percentage of moisture content of the fresh solid residue was estimated to be 26.15-28.25,48.30-52.17, and 54.6158.99 % for traditional mills, three-phase mills, and two-phase mills, respectively [5]. Other characteristics of the raw olive mill solid residue such as the content of residual fatty material, mineral content (ash), polyphenols, total carbon, and the carbon/ nitrogen ratio were also found to depend on the type of the olive mill [5].The four types of olive mills also have different rates for generating the Abstract: Samples of exhausted olive pomace were prepared from six slurry and sun-dried agglomerated raw olive pomace samples via Soxhlet hexane extraction treatment. For the case of exhausted olive pomace, the replicates of the measured percentages of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, ash, calculated oxygen, and the values of the gross and net calorific values were subjected
{"title":"Specifications of Exhausted Olive Pomace as an Energy Source: A Statistical Approach","authors":"K. Tawarah","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0601002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0601002","url":null,"abstract":"The olive oil industry is a seasonal agricultural activity in countries having the climate of the Mediterranean basin. Ripe olive fruits are harvested for two main reasons. They can be processed to yield pitted or un-pitted table olives or pressed to generate olive oil. In all cases there are by-products that need to be managed in a proper way to avoid their negative impacts on the environment. According to previous statistics covering the 2014-2016 period, about 176,000 olive trees were planted in Jordan [1,2].The main reason for the growing interest in planting olive trees is to produce olive oil and table olives in sufficient amounts to cope with the needs of the growing population in Jordan and to improve the income of many families. For example, in 2014 the self-sufficiency ratios of preserved olives and olive oil were estimated to be 114.3 and 103.4 %, respectively [3]. Recent statistics indicate that the number of olive trees in Jordan was 11.848 million trees [1]. In 2015 and 2014 olive harvest seasons, 156,639 and 118,215 tons of olive fruits were used for oil production, respectively. For the 2015 harvest season, 62.32 % of the pressed fruits was a harvest of the northern region of Jordan, while those harvested from central and southern regions were 26.23 and 11.45 %, respectively. These percentages are in accord with the geographical distribution of the number of trees in these regions [4].There are four types of olive mills in Jordan. Based on their oil extraction method, the four types are: the traditional press mill, the two-phase mill, the two-and-half-phase mill, and the three-phase mill. The most common type is the three-phase olive mills [5].Currently, the olive oil production is handled by 128 olive mills with regional distribution of 70%, 22%, and 8% in northern, central, and southern regions of Jordan, respectively. An input output analysis of the olive mills used in Jordan was reported [5]. The quantity and quality of the produced liquid and solid by-products depend on the type of the olive mill used for olive oil extraction [5]. For example, the percentage of moisture content of the fresh solid residue was estimated to be 26.15-28.25,48.30-52.17, and 54.6158.99 % for traditional mills, three-phase mills, and two-phase mills, respectively [5]. Other characteristics of the raw olive mill solid residue such as the content of residual fatty material, mineral content (ash), polyphenols, total carbon, and the carbon/ nitrogen ratio were also found to depend on the type of the olive mill [5].The four types of olive mills also have different rates for generating the Abstract: Samples of exhausted olive pomace were prepared from six slurry and sun-dried agglomerated raw olive pomace samples via Soxhlet hexane extraction treatment. For the case of exhausted olive pomace, the replicates of the measured percentages of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, ash, calculated oxygen, and the values of the gross and net calorific values were subjected","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77922824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0609003
E. Etim, G. Ukpong, E. Ekpenyong
Heavy metals as described by Barrera et al., 2006 are elements whose density is equal to or greater than 6.0 g/cm e.g Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As).They have for long been used by man in building materials, as medicine, as pigments or as additives for petrol (Hylander and Meili, 2003), (Järup, 2003). Researchers later proved that heavy metalsgenerally poses a great deal of problems to mankind due to its presence in the environment at concentrations above threshold(Seker et al., 2008).Anthropogenic activities such as industrial effluents, mining, smelting, manufacture of explosives, metal plating, domestic effluents, leaching and run-offs from garbage are responsible for the risen cases of these toxic elements in the environment(Trueby, 2003). and the danger associated to the presence of these heavy metals have been attributed to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in the food web in different locations (Nussey, 1998) enhanced by their ability to be transported to a distance usually by water(Bradl, 2005). Heavy metal pollution of the environment is now one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide which calls for ways of remediation because they are acutely and exceedingly toxic, indestructible (non-biodegradable) and they bioaccumulates thereby causing different health complications e.g. lead poisoning damages the kidney, liver, brain, reproductive systems and even the nervous systems (Naiya et al., 2009). Also, excess ingestion of zinc can lead to microcytosis, impaired immune response, neutropenia and hypocupremia, (Appelo and Postma, 2007).
{"title":"Comparative Studies of the Biosorption of Heavy Metals (Zinc and Lead) using Tea Leaves (Cammelia Sinensis) and Tea Fibre as Adsorbents","authors":"E. Etim, G. Ukpong, E. Ekpenyong","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0609003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0609003","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals as described by Barrera et al., 2006 are elements whose density is equal to or greater than 6.0 g/cm e.g Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As).They have for long been used by man in building materials, as medicine, as pigments or as additives for petrol (Hylander and Meili, 2003), (Järup, 2003). Researchers later proved that heavy metalsgenerally poses a great deal of problems to mankind due to its presence in the environment at concentrations above threshold(Seker et al., 2008).Anthropogenic activities such as industrial effluents, mining, smelting, manufacture of explosives, metal plating, domestic effluents, leaching and run-offs from garbage are responsible for the risen cases of these toxic elements in the environment(Trueby, 2003). and the danger associated to the presence of these heavy metals have been attributed to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in the food web in different locations (Nussey, 1998) enhanced by their ability to be transported to a distance usually by water(Bradl, 2005). Heavy metal pollution of the environment is now one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide which calls for ways of remediation because they are acutely and exceedingly toxic, indestructible (non-biodegradable) and they bioaccumulates thereby causing different health complications e.g. lead poisoning damages the kidney, liver, brain, reproductive systems and even the nervous systems (Naiya et al., 2009). Also, excess ingestion of zinc can lead to microcytosis, impaired immune response, neutropenia and hypocupremia, (Appelo and Postma, 2007).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85228460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0607004
Deressa Kebebe, Alemayehu Paulos, Ermias A. Haile
Bee honey is syrupy and viscous substance that produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers or from the secretion of living parts of plants, in which honeybees transform through enzymatic activity and store it in wax structures called honeycombs until maturation (Adenekan, 2010, Awad and Elgornazi, 2016) should be safe for all consumers and pollinators. It has been used by humans since ancient times in various foodstuffs and drinks as a sweetener and flavoring (Kowsalya, 2012, Omoya et al, 2014).It has also medicinal and therapeutic effects (Eyobel et al., 2017).
蜂蜜是由蜜蜂从花蜜或植物活体部分的分泌物中产生的糖浆和粘性物质，蜜蜂通过酶活性将其转化并将其储存在称为蜂巢的蜡状结构中直到成熟(Adenekan, 2010, Awad和Elgornazi, 2016)，对所有消费者和传粉者都是安全的。自古以来，它就被人类用于各种食品和饮料中，作为甜味剂和调味剂(Kowsalya, 2012, Omoya et al, 2014)。它还具有药用和治疗作用(Eyobel et al.， 2017)。
{"title":"Determination of Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residues of Honey Samples Collected From Walmara, Ethiopia","authors":"Deressa Kebebe, Alemayehu Paulos, Ermias A. Haile","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0607004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0607004","url":null,"abstract":"Bee honey is syrupy and viscous substance that produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers or from the secretion of living parts of plants, in which honeybees transform through enzymatic activity and store it in wax structures called honeycombs until maturation (Adenekan, 2010, Awad and Elgornazi, 2016) should be safe for all consumers and pollinators. It has been used by humans since ancient times in various foodstuffs and drinks as a sweetener and flavoring (Kowsalya, 2012, Omoya et al, 2014).It has also medicinal and therapeutic effects (Eyobel et al., 2017).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85545464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0610001
M. K. Khalil, Muhammad Owais Khan, Waqar Ali, Mukhtiar Ali, Shuja Ur, R. Qureshi, Farooq Ishaq
Appropriate fertilizer use leads to increased crop yields and high crop recovery of the applied nutrients. Some elements may be hazardous to soil as well as environment if used in extreme quantities in various forms, i.e. nitrates and phosphates. Efficient fertilization is therefore important in ensuring crops attain maturity within specific growing seasons(Okalebo, 1987).Effectiveness of fertilizers therefore depends on the chemical and physical properties, rate and method of application, soil and climatic conditions and the crop species grown (Mokwunye and Bationo, 2002). In recent years, there has been an increased use of high mineral fertilizers, mainly for economic reasons. Examples of inorganic fertilizers used include50%Urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and triple super phosphate (TSP) fertilizers (Smalling et al., 1997).
{"title":"Evaluation of Chemical Properties of Post-Harvest Soil of Maize as Affected by Application of Organic Manure of Diverse Sources Along with Urea","authors":"M. K. Khalil, Muhammad Owais Khan, Waqar Ali, Mukhtiar Ali, Shuja Ur, R. Qureshi, Farooq Ishaq","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0610001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0610001","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriate fertilizer use leads to increased crop yields and high crop recovery of the applied nutrients. Some elements may be hazardous to soil as well as environment if used in extreme quantities in various forms, i.e. nitrates and phosphates. Efficient fertilization is therefore important in ensuring crops attain maturity within specific growing seasons(Okalebo, 1987).Effectiveness of fertilizers therefore depends on the chemical and physical properties, rate and method of application, soil and climatic conditions and the crop species grown (Mokwunye and Bationo, 2002). In recent years, there has been an increased use of high mineral fertilizers, mainly for economic reasons. Examples of inorganic fertilizers used include50%Urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and triple super phosphate (TSP) fertilizers (Smalling et al., 1997).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86069234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0610003
M. M. Silaev
These facts stimulate development of new, energetically efficient ethylene glycol synthesis technologies. A possible one is radiation-chemical synthesis using a dual-purpose heterogeneous nuclear reactor in which the graphite moderator is replaced with a methanol–formaldehyde mixture and the heat carrier is steam flowing past fuel elements. A technological analysis of this system demonstrated that, at a reactor thermal power of 2.5 GW, it is possible to profitably manufacture 80 thousand tons of ethylene glycol per year along with producing 677 MW electric power.
{"title":"The Formation of Ethylene Glycol from Methanol–Formaldehyde Solutions","authors":"M. M. Silaev","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0610003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0610003","url":null,"abstract":"These facts stimulate development of new, energetically efficient ethylene glycol synthesis technologies. A possible one is radiation-chemical synthesis using a dual-purpose heterogeneous nuclear reactor in which the graphite moderator is replaced with a methanol–formaldehyde mixture and the heat carrier is steam flowing past fuel elements. A technological analysis of this system demonstrated that, at a reactor thermal power of 2.5 GW, it is possible to profitably manufacture 80 thousand tons of ethylene glycol per year along with producing 677 MW electric power.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76356449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0608001
Aparna Prajapati, A. Dwivedi, S. S. Parihar
Micelles are enzyme catalysts, which are complex mixture of organic compounds mostly polymers treated as surfactant. The hydrophobic and electrostatic forces in presence of CTAB influence the rates of several oxidation reactions. The enzyme catalysis possesses midway properties between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. It is also called as micro heterogeneous catalyst. Aggregates of these micelles in CMC range are responsible for altering the rate of reaction in aqueous solution which is extremely temperature dependent.
{"title":"Enzyme Catalyzed Study of Some Unsaturated Acids by N-Bromoisonicotinamide - A Kinetic Approach","authors":"Aparna Prajapati, A. Dwivedi, S. S. Parihar","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0608001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0608001","url":null,"abstract":"Micelles are enzyme catalysts, which are complex mixture of organic compounds mostly polymers treated as surfactant. The hydrophobic and electrostatic forces in presence of CTAB influence the rates of several oxidation reactions. The enzyme catalysis possesses midway properties between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. It is also called as micro heterogeneous catalyst. Aggregates of these micelles in CMC range are responsible for altering the rate of reaction in aqueous solution which is extremely temperature dependent.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73082877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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