Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0501004
E. J. Díaz-Montaña, Á. Alcázar, J. Jurado, F. Pablos
As it can be read in EURACHEM/CITAC Guide for quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurements [1], many important decisions are based on the results of chemical quantitative analysis and, for this reason, is very important to ensure the quality of analytical methods. Nowadays, there has been a great emphasis on the precision of results obtained using a specified analytical method and in establishing their traceability to a defined standard. For this aim, internal quality control procedures, proficiency testing an accreditation have become very useful tools. Chemists are being asked to demonstrate the quality of their results, including their agreement with others results, being measurement uncertainty one useful measure of this. As a consequence of these requirements, our students are expected to be able to apply measurement uncertainty evaluation and propagation. In this work, we propose a training practical example that can be used by people learning about the evaluation of uncertainty in measurements and its propagation in different cases. The chosen example is the photometric determination of the ionization constant of acetaminophen by measuring the absorbance of an acetaminophen solution at different pH values. According to Hildebrand and Reilley method [2], the next relation can be established:
{"title":"A Practical Example on Uncertainty Evaluation: Spectrophotometric Determination of pK a","authors":"E. J. Díaz-Montaña, Á. Alcázar, J. Jurado, F. Pablos","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0501004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0501004","url":null,"abstract":"As it can be read in EURACHEM/CITAC Guide for quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurements [1], many important decisions are based on the results of chemical quantitative analysis and, for this reason, is very important to ensure the quality of analytical methods. Nowadays, there has been a great emphasis on the precision of results obtained using a specified analytical method and in establishing their traceability to a defined standard. For this aim, internal quality control procedures, proficiency testing an accreditation have become very useful tools. Chemists are being asked to demonstrate the quality of their results, including their agreement with others results, being measurement uncertainty one useful measure of this. As a consequence of these requirements, our students are expected to be able to apply measurement uncertainty evaluation and propagation. In this work, we propose a training practical example that can be used by people learning about the evaluation of uncertainty in measurements and its propagation in different cases. The chosen example is the photometric determination of the ionization constant of acetaminophen by measuring the absorbance of an acetaminophen solution at different pH values. According to Hildebrand and Reilley method [2], the next relation can be established:","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88794361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0503003
Sameena Rasheed, A. Dwivedi, M. U. Khan
The new series of demi-macrocycles of the type [C14 H30 N2 O2 (Cl2 O4) 2] having N2O2 as donors ligand were synthesized by the equimolar condensation reaction of ethane-1, 2-diamine in acetone in presenced of perchloric acid. The head unit of demi-macrocycle formed was proposed by the two acetone molecules [M (C14H30N2O2) (ClO4)2] Where, M = Ni(II) and Cu(II) were formed by the reaction of proposed demi-macrocycle with respective metal salts. The complexes formed were characterized by the elemental analysis, conductance and magnetic susceptibilities measurements, and also by spectral methods.
{"title":"Synthesis, and Spectral Studies of Demi-macrocycles of Ligand N2O2 with Ni (II) and Cu (II) Ions","authors":"Sameena Rasheed, A. Dwivedi, M. U. Khan","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0503003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0503003","url":null,"abstract":"The new series of demi-macrocycles of the type [C14 H30 N2 O2 (Cl2 O4) 2] having N2O2 as donors ligand were synthesized by the equimolar condensation reaction of ethane-1, 2-diamine in acetone in presenced of perchloric acid. The head unit of demi-macrocycle formed was proposed by the two acetone molecules [M (C14H30N2O2) (ClO4)2] Where, M = Ni(II) and Cu(II) were formed by the reaction of proposed demi-macrocycle with respective metal salts. The complexes formed were characterized by the elemental analysis, conductance and magnetic susceptibilities measurements, and also by spectral methods.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80239897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0506001
N. Khan, K. Khan, A. Dwivedi, H. Dwivedi
Kinetics of phosphotungustic acid catalysed oxidation of aliphatic hydroxy acids such as lactic, tartaric and tartronic acids by N-chlorosuccinimide have been studied in aqueous acetic acid medium. The order of [N-chlorosuccinimide] was found to be one and fractional-order with respect to catalyst [PTA]. However, the order of [hydroxy acids] changed from unity to a fractional one in presence of PTA. The insignificant change in rate was observed with [H] and neutral salts. The basis of kinetics features, the probable and activation mechanism are discussed and individual rate parameters evaluated.
{"title":"Phosphotungustic Acid Catalysed Oxidation of Aliphatic Hydroxy Acids by N-chlorosuccinimide in Aqueous Acetic Medium","authors":"N. Khan, K. Khan, A. Dwivedi, H. Dwivedi","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0506001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0506001","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetics of phosphotungustic acid catalysed oxidation of aliphatic hydroxy acids such as lactic, tartaric and tartronic acids by N-chlorosuccinimide have been studied in aqueous acetic acid medium. The order of [N-chlorosuccinimide] was found to be one and fractional-order with respect to catalyst [PTA]. However, the order of [hydroxy acids] changed from unity to a fractional one in presence of PTA. The insignificant change in rate was observed with [H] and neutral salts. The basis of kinetics features, the probable and activation mechanism are discussed and individual rate parameters evaluated.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85001670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0507001
Z. Niu, Yingying Wen
A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) combined with ultraviolet spectrometry (UV) method was developed for the determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in water samples. Several parameters including sample pH, extraction solution type and volume, dispersion solution type and volume, centrifugation speed and time were systematically investigated. The optimal extraction conditions of DLLME-SFO were: sample pH 3; extraction solution, 200 μL 1-dodecanol; dispersion solution, 400 μL ACN; Centrifugation speed and time, 2500 rpm and 15 min . Under the optimum extraction and determination conditions, good responses for DES were obtained in a range of 0.5 – 12.5 μg/mL, with linear coefficients greater than 0.99. The recoveries of the DES ranged from 70% to 97%. The limits of detection based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.15 μg/mL. The method was applied to the determination of DES in tap and lake water samples with a satisfactory result. The results demonstrated that this DLLME-SFO-UV method was successfully applied to determine DES in water samples.
{"title":"Determination of Diethylstilbestrol in Water Samples by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Followed UV Spectrometry","authors":"Z. Niu, Yingying Wen","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0507001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0507001","url":null,"abstract":"A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) combined with ultraviolet spectrometry (UV) method was developed for the determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in water samples. Several parameters including sample pH, extraction solution type and volume, dispersion solution type and volume, centrifugation speed and time were systematically investigated. The optimal extraction conditions of DLLME-SFO were: sample pH 3; extraction solution, 200 μL 1-dodecanol; dispersion solution, 400 μL ACN; Centrifugation speed and time, 2500 rpm and 15 min . Under the optimum extraction and determination conditions, good responses for DES were obtained in a range of 0.5 – 12.5 μg/mL, with linear coefficients greater than 0.99. The recoveries of the DES ranged from 70% to 97%. The limits of detection based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.15 μg/mL. The method was applied to the determination of DES in tap and lake water samples with a satisfactory result. The results demonstrated that this DLLME-SFO-UV method was successfully applied to determine DES in water samples.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88795705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0507003
K. Yin, Kaihong Xie, Zhenzhen Liu, Sufang Sun
{"title":"Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction between the Baltic Amber Extract and BSA","authors":"K. Yin, Kaihong Xie, Zhenzhen Liu, Sufang Sun","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0507003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0507003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91403201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0502004
Sameena Rasheed, M. U. Khan, S. S. Parihar, A. Dwivedi
Macrocyclic metal chelating agents are useful for detecting tumor lssions. 4,5 The chemistry of macrocyclic complexes is also important due to their use in dyes and pigments as-well-as in study of NMR shift reagents etc. 2. EXPERIMENTAL All reagents and solvents used in the present investigation were of analytical grade. 1,2diaminoethane, perchloric acid (HClO4), acetone (CH3COCH3) etc. of Loba, Merck and Aldrich brand. The preparation of solutions, standardization, and procedures for demi-macrocyclic complex formation and their spectral kinetic studies have been performed. The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen analysis of the samples were carried out microanalytically. Oxygen was determined by different methods. Metal and chloride were determined gravimetrically. The IR spectra (4000-400 cm -1 ) was recorded on a Jasco model 4100 FTIR spectrometer as KBr discs. UV-visible spectra was recorded on a shimedzu 1700 pharmaspectrometer. Conductivity measurements were made in DMSO or nitromethane (10 -3 mho) at room temperature on systronics conductivitymeter. Magnetic susceptibility was measured at 8000 G in a Evans magnetic susceptibility balance using Co[(Hg(SCN)4)] as calibrant and the experimental susceptibilities were corrected for diamagnetic correction with pascal constants.
大环金属螯合剂在检测肿瘤损伤方面是有用的。大环配合物的化学性质也很重要，因为它们可以用于染料和颜料以及核磁共振移位试剂等的研究。本研究中所用的试剂和溶剂均为分析级。Loba、Merck、Aldrich品牌的1,2 -二氨基乙烷、高氯酸(HClO4)、丙酮(CH3COCH3)等。溶液的制备、标准化和半大环络合物形成的程序及其光谱动力学研究已经完成。对样品进行了碳、氢、氮微量分析。氧的测定方法不同。用重量法测定金属和氯化物。红外光谱(4000 ~ 400 cm -1)在Jasco型4100 FTIR光谱仪上以KBr光盘的形式记录。在shimedzu 1700型药谱仪上记录紫外可见光谱。在室温下用DMSO或硝基甲烷(10 -3 mho)在系统电导率仪上测量电导率。以Co[(Hg(SCN)4)]为标定剂，在埃文斯磁化率天平上测量了8000g下的磁化率，并用帕斯卡常数对实验磁化率进行了反磁校正。
{"title":"Synthesis, Spectral and Kinetic Study of Demi-macrocycle of N 2 O 2 with Complex of Co (II) Ion","authors":"Sameena Rasheed, M. U. Khan, S. S. Parihar, A. Dwivedi","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0502004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0502004","url":null,"abstract":"Macrocyclic metal chelating agents are useful for detecting tumor lssions. 4,5 The chemistry of macrocyclic complexes is also important due to their use in dyes and pigments as-well-as in study of NMR shift reagents etc. 2. EXPERIMENTAL All reagents and solvents used in the present investigation were of analytical grade. 1,2diaminoethane, perchloric acid (HClO4), acetone (CH3COCH3) etc. of Loba, Merck and Aldrich brand. The preparation of solutions, standardization, and procedures for demi-macrocyclic complex formation and their spectral kinetic studies have been performed. The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen analysis of the samples were carried out microanalytically. Oxygen was determined by different methods. Metal and chloride were determined gravimetrically. The IR spectra (4000-400 cm -1 ) was recorded on a Jasco model 4100 FTIR spectrometer as KBr discs. UV-visible spectra was recorded on a shimedzu 1700 pharmaspectrometer. Conductivity measurements were made in DMSO or nitromethane (10 -3 mho) at room temperature on systronics conductivitymeter. Magnetic susceptibility was measured at 8000 G in a Evans magnetic susceptibility balance using Co[(Hg(SCN)4)] as calibrant and the experimental susceptibilities were corrected for diamagnetic correction with pascal constants.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81026043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0503001
S. Shrestha
There is a growing concern for the effective treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metal. Most of the heavy metals are highly toxic even in trace concentration [1]. Most of the common methods used to remove heavy metals from wastewater are chemical reduction followed by precipitation, membrane filtration, ion-exchange and adsorption onto activated carbon. Among these, adsorption by activated carbon has been used as an effective method to remove these heavy metals in trace concentration. However, the activated carbon is expensive and requires chelating agents to enhance its performance, thereby increasing treatment cost. For this reason, it is desirable to develop low cost and efficient adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Recently, adsorptions of metals by using bio-adsorbents are in progress [2, 3]. Different types of industrial and agricultural bio-wastes are investigated as bio-adsorbent such as sugarcane bagasse [4], rice husk [5], olive stone [6], clay minerals [7-9], used tea leaves [10], wheat straw [11], chitin and chitosan [12]. They are easily available, economically acceptable and chemically less polluting substances often with high affinity and binding capacity of metals. In adsorption process, metal ions from solution are transported to the surface of the adsorbent and then attached due to the physical and chemical interaction between the metal ions and the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbent [13-19].
{"title":"Study of the Adsorption Kinetics of Iron Ion from Wastewater using Banana Peel","authors":"S. Shrestha","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0503001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0503001","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing concern for the effective treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metal. Most of the heavy metals are highly toxic even in trace concentration [1]. Most of the common methods used to remove heavy metals from wastewater are chemical reduction followed by precipitation, membrane filtration, ion-exchange and adsorption onto activated carbon. Among these, adsorption by activated carbon has been used as an effective method to remove these heavy metals in trace concentration. However, the activated carbon is expensive and requires chelating agents to enhance its performance, thereby increasing treatment cost. For this reason, it is desirable to develop low cost and efficient adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Recently, adsorptions of metals by using bio-adsorbents are in progress [2, 3]. Different types of industrial and agricultural bio-wastes are investigated as bio-adsorbent such as sugarcane bagasse [4], rice husk [5], olive stone [6], clay minerals [7-9], used tea leaves [10], wheat straw [11], chitin and chitosan [12]. They are easily available, economically acceptable and chemically less polluting substances often with high affinity and binding capacity of metals. In adsorption process, metal ions from solution are transported to the surface of the adsorbent and then attached due to the physical and chemical interaction between the metal ions and the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbent [13-19].","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84590143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0505004
B. Pandey, A. Dwivedi, S. Nigam, S. S. Paihar
The pharmacokinetic study of medicinal plants Hibiscus Rosa-sinenses-L (HRS) of malvaceae family in vitro condition have been carried out electrochemically using Ag-Zn pair of electrodes in vitro condition in three different seasons. The investigation shows first to zero order kinetics for complex oscillatory reactions occurring in the system at long span of time. The reaction velocity enhanced by charge transfer of Zwitter ions between biomass and electrodes. The measured activation parameters fully explained the suggested mechanism and activity.
采用银锌对电极，对锦葵科药用植物芙蓉(hishisus rosa -sinense - l, HRS)在3个不同季节的体外药动学条件进行了电化学研究。研究表明，在长时间内，系统中发生的复杂振荡反应的一级到零级动力学。电极与生物质之间的电荷转移提高了反应速度。测定的活化参数充分解释了所提出的机理和活性。
{"title":"Pharmacokinetic Study of Hibiscus Rosa-sinenses-L","authors":"B. Pandey, A. Dwivedi, S. Nigam, S. S. Paihar","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0505004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0505004","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmacokinetic study of medicinal plants Hibiscus Rosa-sinenses-L (HRS) of malvaceae family in vitro condition have been carried out electrochemically using Ag-Zn pair of electrodes in vitro condition in three different seasons. The investigation shows first to zero order kinetics for complex oscillatory reactions occurring in the system at long span of time. The reaction velocity enhanced by charge transfer of Zwitter ions between biomass and electrodes. The measured activation parameters fully explained the suggested mechanism and activity.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74316567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0506003
N. Khan, A. Dwivedi, K. Khan, H. Dwivedi
The phosphotungustic acid catalysed oxidation of aliphatic hydroxy acids by halo -oxidant Nchlorosuccinide (NCS) in aqueous acetic acid lead to the formation of corresponding acetone di-carboxylic acid and acetaldehyde. The reaction follows first to zero order kinetic with respect to [NCS] and rate unchanged by hydrogen ion. The rate of oxidation retards with decrease in dielectric constant of solvent. The study showed curvature due to of complex formation between substrates and postulated species HOCl of oxidant. The stoichiometric ratio 1:1 was determined for the reactions. The correlation between enthalpies and free energies of activation is reasonably linear. A suitable mechanism in conformity with kinetics results was proposed.
{"title":"Study on Catalysed Oxidation of Some Aliphatic Hydroxy Acids by N-chlorosuccinimide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium","authors":"N. Khan, A. Dwivedi, K. Khan, H. Dwivedi","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0506003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0506003","url":null,"abstract":"The phosphotungustic acid catalysed oxidation of aliphatic hydroxy acids by halo -oxidant Nchlorosuccinide (NCS) in aqueous acetic acid lead to the formation of corresponding acetone di-carboxylic acid and acetaldehyde. The reaction follows first to zero order kinetic with respect to [NCS] and rate unchanged by hydrogen ion. The rate of oxidation retards with decrease in dielectric constant of solvent. The study showed curvature due to of complex formation between substrates and postulated species HOCl of oxidant. The stoichiometric ratio 1:1 was determined for the reactions. The correlation between enthalpies and free energies of activation is reasonably linear. A suitable mechanism in conformity with kinetics results was proposed.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76838343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0508001
S. Shrestha, S. Awale, S. K. Kalauni
Bergenia ciliata is a wellknown medicinal herb with thick rootstocks, 3.5 to 16.5 cm long. The plant is distributed throughout Nepal at 1300-3000 m in moist, rocky places (Manandhar, 2002). Medicinal and aromatic plants play vital role in for livelihood health and socio-economic prospects of the country.The majority of Nepal’s population, especially tribal, ethnic groups and mountain people relies on traditional medical practices (Ajayi et al. 2011). In many cases this practice is transmitted orally from generation to generation and confined to certain people (Edeogn et al. 2005). In present study plant sample was collected from Manang district of Nepal to analize its antioxidant activity and total phenol and flavonoid content. Antioxidant research is an important topic in the medical field as well as in the food industry. Antioxidants are compounds that protect cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite (Hafiza et al. 2002). An imbalance between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species results in oxidative stress, leading to cellular damage. Oxidative stress has been linked to cancer, aging, atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases (Arutselvi et al. 2012 & Igbinosa et al. 2009). Oxidants are capable of stimulating cell division, which is a critical factor in mutagenesis when a cell with a damaged DNA stand divides. Thus, mutation can arise which in turn is an important factor in carcinogenesis. Both cigarette smoking and chronic inflammation are of the major causes of cancer have strong free radical components in their mechanism of action.Flavonoids may help provide protection against these diseases by contributing, along with antioxidant vitamins and enzymes, to the total antioxidant defense system of the human body. Epidemiological studies have shown that flavonoid intake is inversely related to mortality from coronary heart disease and to the incidence of heart attacks (Tamilarasi et al. 2012). Flavonoids are most commonly known for their antioxidant activity and the capacity of flavonoids to act as antioxidants depends upon their molecular structure. The position of hydroxyl groups and other features in the chemical structure of flavonoids are important for their antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities (Fernandez et al. 2004). Quercetin, the most common dietary flavonol, is a potent antioxidant, because it has all the right structural features for free radical scavenging activity.It is generally assumed that frequent consumption of plant derived phytochemicals from vegetables, Abstract: Bergenia ciliata is an important medicinal plant used in regions where western medicines are inaccessible due to their unavailability and high cost. The methanolic extract of Bergenia ciliataroots was screened for phytochemical constituents and in-vitro antioxidant activity. The plant extract showed the
毛缕草(Bergenia ciliata)是一种著名的药材，根茎粗，长3.5 ~ 16.5厘米。该植物分布在尼泊尔1300-3000米的潮湿、多岩石的地方(Manandhar, 2002)。药用和芳香植物在该国的生计、健康和社会经济前景方面发挥着至关重要的作用。尼泊尔的大多数人口，特别是部落、少数民族和山区人口依赖传统医疗做法(Ajayi等人，2011年)。在许多情况下，这种做法是代代相传的，并且仅限于某些人(Edeogn et al. 2005)。本研究采自尼泊尔马南地区的植物样品，分析其抗氧化活性及总酚和类黄酮含量。抗氧化剂的研究是医学领域和食品工业的一个重要课题。抗氧化剂是保护细胞免受活性氧(如单线态氧、超氧化物、过氧自由基、羟基自由基和过氧亚硝酸盐)损害的化合物(Hafiza et al. 2002)。抗氧化剂和活性氧之间的不平衡会导致氧化应激，从而导致细胞损伤。氧化应激与癌症、衰老、动脉粥样硬化、缺血性损伤、炎症和神经退行性疾病有关(Arutselvi et al. 2012; Igbinosa et al. 2009)。氧化剂能够刺激细胞分裂，这是突变的关键因素，当一个DNA受损的细胞分裂时。因此，突变可能出现，这反过来又是致癌的一个重要因素。吸烟和慢性炎症都是导致癌症的主要原因，在它们的作用机制中都有很强的自由基成分。黄酮类化合物可以通过与抗氧化维生素和酶一起，为人体的总抗氧化防御系统提供保护，从而帮助预防这些疾病。流行病学研究表明，类黄酮摄入量与冠心病死亡率和心脏病发病率呈负相关(Tamilarasi et al. 2012)。类黄酮以其抗氧化活性最为人所知，类黄酮作为抗氧化剂的能力取决于它们的分子结构。羟基在黄酮类化合物化学结构中的位置和其他特征对其抗氧化和清除自由基的活性很重要(Fernandez et al. 2004)。槲皮素是最常见的膳食黄酮醇，是一种有效的抗氧化剂，因为它具有清除自由基活性的所有正确结构特征。摘要/ Abstract摘要:毛缕草(Bergenia ciliata)是一种重要的药用植物，在西药难以获得且价格昂贵的地区被广泛使用。对毛缕根甲醇提取物进行了植物化学成分和体外抗氧化活性的筛选。该植物提取物具有丰富的次生代谢产物来源，具有一定的生物活性。这种植物具有较高的抗氧化活性是由于其含有活性成分，如酚类和类黄酮。采用DPPH自由基清除法测定植物提取物的抗氧化活性。在DPPH自由基清除实验中，纤毛草的IC50值为11.21μg/mL，而标准抗坏血酸的IC50值为45.93μg/mL
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