Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0611003
B. N. Aud, A. L. Silva, M. F. Júnior, F. NattaciaR.A., Rocha, Nadinne P. Merlo, W. Pereira
Spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engines may bring a major improvement in SI engines because of their potential reduction in fuel consumption. However, for compliance with stringent emissions standards while performing at highefficiency levels, this engine requires further development, including advanced exhaust treatment and low sulfur fuel compatible with its operating characteristics.Other improvements to thermal efficiency for these engines result from the exhaust gases having a composition much closer to that of air and a lower temperature (which reduces heat loss) and the induction of excess air reduces pumping losses.In this last case, it is important to mention that Ostrikov et al., 2018 [1] developed a technological process and a flushing composition flushing oil for cleaning lubricating system of tractor diesel engines. Also, Buratsev et al, 2018 [2] working with turbulent combustion of natural gas have observed that the increasinge in the calorific intensity of the combustion chamber of one reactor as a result of a decrease in its volume leads to full conversion of the starting reagents and to lower carbon-black formation, then this remark ought to be applied to the combustion chambre of the engines.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Estimatives and Experimental Published Results of Spark Ignition Engine Performance using Different Fuels.","authors":"B. N. Aud, A. L. Silva, M. F. Júnior, F. NattaciaR.A., Rocha, Nadinne P. Merlo, W. Pereira","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0611003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0611003","url":null,"abstract":"Spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engines may bring a major improvement in SI engines because of their potential reduction in fuel consumption. However, for compliance with stringent emissions standards while performing at highefficiency levels, this engine requires further development, including advanced exhaust treatment and low sulfur fuel compatible with its operating characteristics.Other improvements to thermal efficiency for these engines result from the exhaust gases having a composition much closer to that of air and a lower temperature (which reduces heat loss) and the induction of excess air reduces pumping losses.In this last case, it is important to mention that Ostrikov et al., 2018 [1] developed a technological process and a flushing composition flushing oil for cleaning lubricating system of tractor diesel engines. Also, Buratsev et al, 2018 [2] working with turbulent combustion of natural gas have observed that the increasinge in the calorific intensity of the combustion chamber of one reactor as a result of a decrease in its volume leads to full conversion of the starting reagents and to lower carbon-black formation, then this remark ought to be applied to the combustion chambre of the engines.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74077973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0602001
D. Dwivedi, A. Dwivedi, N. Manikpuri
It is known from a long time that rare earths compound viz. Selenium dioxide (SeO2), Selenious and Selenic acids as well as selenites are readily reduced by a variety of substances to selenium but their oxidizing properties were not studies systematically. Riley, Morley and Friend 1 were the first pioneer to introduce the potential of SeO2 as an oxidant, since then considerable progress has been made for the oxidation of a large number of organic compounds. 2 In presence of strong mineral acids such as H2SO4, it gives rise existing active oxidizing species H3SeO3 + or AcH3SeO3 to cause the reaction.
{"title":"Study on Oxidation of Benzhydrol and Þ-Chlorobenzhydrol by Selenium Dioxide: Reaction Kinetics","authors":"D. Dwivedi, A. Dwivedi, N. Manikpuri","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0602001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0602001","url":null,"abstract":"It is known from a long time that rare earths compound viz. Selenium dioxide (SeO2), Selenious and Selenic acids as well as selenites are readily reduced by a variety of substances to selenium but their oxidizing properties were not studies systematically. Riley, Morley and Friend 1 were the first pioneer to introduce the potential of SeO2 as an oxidant, since then considerable progress has been made for the oxidation of a large number of organic compounds. 2 In presence of strong mineral acids such as H2SO4, it gives rise existing active oxidizing species H3SeO3 + or AcH3SeO3 to cause the reaction.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74906213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0611001
V. A. Wirnkor
Explanation modeling is the concept of fitting pollutant concentration data from experimental data into model equation. This elicits estimates of useful information such as isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics parameters (Horsfall and spiff 2005; Maduagwu, 2008; Ekpete et al., 2010) that ordinarily are not obtained directly from original data in the specific system (Dunnivant and Anders, 2006). Such information is vital for the design and operating conditions of both batch and column sorption systems.
解释建模是将实验数据中的污染物浓度数据拟合到模型方程中的概念。这引出了对诸如等温线、动力学和热力学参数等有用信息的估计(Horsfall and spiff 2005;Maduagwu, 2008;Ekpete et al.， 2010)，通常不能直接从特定系统的原始数据中获得(Dunnivant and Anders, 2006)。这些信息对于批式和柱式吸附系统的设计和操作条件都是至关重要的。
{"title":"Removal of Biochemical and Chemical Oxygen Demands in Vegetable Oil Industry Effluents using Adsorbents from Fluted Pumpkin Mesocarp","authors":"V. A. Wirnkor","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0611001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0611001","url":null,"abstract":"Explanation modeling is the concept of fitting pollutant concentration data from experimental data into model equation. This elicits estimates of useful information such as isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics parameters (Horsfall and spiff 2005; Maduagwu, 2008; Ekpete et al., 2010) that ordinarily are not obtained directly from original data in the specific system (Dunnivant and Anders, 2006). Such information is vital for the design and operating conditions of both batch and column sorption systems.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74576869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0608002
R. Ramadan, O. Ali, A. S. Sayed
The chemistry of Schiff bases is an area of increasing interest. Importance of these bases and their metal complexes is retained to their applications in biological, analytical and industrial fields as well as to their roles in catalysis and organic synthesis [1–9]. On the other hand, transition metal complexes having oxygen and nitrogen donor Schiff bases mostly possess unusual configuration, structural lability and are sensitive to molecular environment [10]. For example, the environment around the metal centre (such as coordination geometry, number of coordinated ligands and their donor groups) is the key factor for metalloproteins to carry out specific physiological functions [11]. The design and synthesis of symmetrical Schiff bases have been of interest due to their preparative accessibility, structural variability and tunable electronic properties allowing carrying out systematic reactivity studies based on ancillary ligand modifications [12]. Moreover, Schiff base ligands that are able to form binuclear transition metal complexes are useful to study the relation between structures and magnetic exchange interactions [13,14]. In addition, transition metal complexes with tetradentate Schiff bases have been extensively investigated as catalysts for a number of organic redox reactions and electrochemical reduction processes [15-17]. The chemistry of metal complexes containing salen-type (N2O2) Schiff base ligands derived from condensation of aldehydes and diamines are of enduring significance. These complexes have been used as synthetic oxygen carriers [18], catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation [19-24] and the synthesis of optical and magnetic materials [25,26]. Salen complexes have also been recently used as catalytically active materials to develop surface-modified electrodes for sensoring applications [27,28]. On the other hand, transition metal complexes with 2-substituted benzimidazole ligands are progressively used to model important bioinorganic systems [29,30] and act as cytotoxic [31], antiviral [32] and antiamoebic [33] agents. Our interest in investigation of the reactions of metal carbonyls with Schiff bases [34-39] has prompted us to investigate the reactions of M(CO)6 (M=Cr or Mo) with bis(salicylaldehyde) ethylendiimine (salenH2) in presence of 2(2'-pyridyl) benzimidazole (PbiH) (Scheme 1).
{"title":"Chromium and Molybdenum Carbonyl Derivatives of N2O2 Schiff Base and 2(2'-Pyridyl) Benzimidazole","authors":"R. Ramadan, O. Ali, A. S. Sayed","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0608002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0608002","url":null,"abstract":"The chemistry of Schiff bases is an area of increasing interest. Importance of these bases and their metal complexes is retained to their applications in biological, analytical and industrial fields as well as to their roles in catalysis and organic synthesis [1–9]. On the other hand, transition metal complexes having oxygen and nitrogen donor Schiff bases mostly possess unusual configuration, structural lability and are sensitive to molecular environment [10]. For example, the environment around the metal centre (such as coordination geometry, number of coordinated ligands and their donor groups) is the key factor for metalloproteins to carry out specific physiological functions [11]. The design and synthesis of symmetrical Schiff bases have been of interest due to their preparative accessibility, structural variability and tunable electronic properties allowing carrying out systematic reactivity studies based on ancillary ligand modifications [12]. Moreover, Schiff base ligands that are able to form binuclear transition metal complexes are useful to study the relation between structures and magnetic exchange interactions [13,14]. In addition, transition metal complexes with tetradentate Schiff bases have been extensively investigated as catalysts for a number of organic redox reactions and electrochemical reduction processes [15-17]. The chemistry of metal complexes containing salen-type (N2O2) Schiff base ligands derived from condensation of aldehydes and diamines are of enduring significance. These complexes have been used as synthetic oxygen carriers [18], catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation [19-24] and the synthesis of optical and magnetic materials [25,26]. Salen complexes have also been recently used as catalytically active materials to develop surface-modified electrodes for sensoring applications [27,28]. On the other hand, transition metal complexes with 2-substituted benzimidazole ligands are progressively used to model important bioinorganic systems [29,30] and act as cytotoxic [31], antiviral [32] and antiamoebic [33] agents. Our interest in investigation of the reactions of metal carbonyls with Schiff bases [34-39] has prompted us to investigate the reactions of M(CO)6 (M=Cr or Mo) with bis(salicylaldehyde) ethylendiimine (salenH2) in presence of 2(2'-pyridyl) benzimidazole (PbiH) (Scheme 1).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78295136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0601004
Huda E.M. Amin, O. Ali, Samir M. EL-Medania, A. S. Sayed
Schiff bases are condensation products of primary amine and aliphatic or aromatic carbonyl compounds with the general formula (RCH=N-R), that makes the schiff base a stable imine. The linkage azomethine group contains a pair of π electrons bonded between carbon and nitrogen (CH=N-). In addition, the nitrogen atom present in the azomethine group has a lone pair of electron and this add distinct properties to this group. Schiff bases derived from aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes have a wide variety of applications in many fields, eg., biological [1-4], Heterogenous catalyst [5], oxidation of alkanes [6], catalytic applications [7,8] and photo luminescent properties [9,10].
{"title":"Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Antimicrobial of New Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Schiff Base Complexes","authors":"Huda E.M. Amin, O. Ali, Samir M. EL-Medania, A. S. Sayed","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0601004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0601004","url":null,"abstract":"Schiff bases are condensation products of primary amine and aliphatic or aromatic carbonyl compounds with the general formula (RCH=N-R), that makes the schiff base a stable imine. The linkage azomethine group contains a pair of π electrons bonded between carbon and nitrogen (CH=N-). In addition, the nitrogen atom present in the azomethine group has a lone pair of electron and this add distinct properties to this group. Schiff bases derived from aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes have a wide variety of applications in many fields, eg., biological [1-4], Heterogenous catalyst [5], oxidation of alkanes [6], catalytic applications [7,8] and photo luminescent properties [9,10].","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0612004
Verla Evelyn Ngozi, V. A. Wirnkor, Egbuawa O. Irene
Children of primary and nursing age bracket often engage in activities that make then ingest playground soil through their mouth 1, . These pica activities have health implications due to presence of contaminants in the soil. Therefore, if polluted with toxic heavy metals, surface soil could become a major concern of health risks to the public . Researchers have linked child health to both type and cover of playgrounds and interesting literature exist on studies of children playgrounds in developing nations 4, . However such studies are yet to be conducted in Nigeria. Children’ s hands after playing contain elevated amount of metals and chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) were largely adsorbed in children’ s hands from playgrounds soils. As a result of their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulative behavior and above all their mode of action in children, heavy metals constitute a group of serious pollutants in our natural environment.
{"title":"Behavior of Metal Fractions with Depth in Soils of Children’s Play Grounds within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"Verla Evelyn Ngozi, V. A. Wirnkor, Egbuawa O. Irene","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0612004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0612004","url":null,"abstract":"Children of primary and nursing age bracket often engage in activities that make then ingest playground soil through their mouth 1, . These pica activities have health implications due to presence of contaminants in the soil. Therefore, if polluted with toxic heavy metals, surface soil could become a major concern of health risks to the public . Researchers have linked child health to both type and cover of playgrounds and interesting literature exist on studies of children playgrounds in developing nations 4, . However such studies are yet to be conducted in Nigeria. Children’ s hands after playing contain elevated amount of metals and chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) were largely adsorbed in children’ s hands from playgrounds soils. As a result of their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulative behavior and above all their mode of action in children, heavy metals constitute a group of serious pollutants in our natural environment.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77894720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0604001
Komal Patel, Namrata Panchal, Pradnya Ingle
From olden days diseases were alleviated and treated with the help of natural products obtained from plants, animals, micro-organisms. The use of natural extracts for medicinal use is from about 60,000 years back. From early times, Extraction of Natural products has presented great challenges and has developed a positive impact on the development of human civilization. These Extracts not only provide primary treatment of health in developing countries, but have attracted the developed countries due ever increasing health care cost. About most of the population use natural medicines for the treatment and prevention purpose [1]. From about 80 years, almost 50% of chemical drugs approved by FDA are inspired and derived by natural products [2, 3]. In terms of chirality, functional groups and structural complexity, natural products show more drugs like features [4, 5].
{"title":"Techniques Adopted for Extraction of Natural Products Extraction Methods: Maceration, Percolation, Soxhlet Extraction, Turbo distillation, Supercritical Fluid Extraction","authors":"Komal Patel, Namrata Panchal, Pradnya Ingle","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0604001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0604001","url":null,"abstract":"From olden days diseases were alleviated and treated with the help of natural products obtained from plants, animals, micro-organisms. The use of natural extracts for medicinal use is from about 60,000 years back. From early times, Extraction of Natural products has presented great challenges and has developed a positive impact on the development of human civilization. These Extracts not only provide primary treatment of health in developing countries, but have attracted the developed countries due ever increasing health care cost. About most of the population use natural medicines for the treatment and prevention purpose [1]. From about 80 years, almost 50% of chemical drugs approved by FDA are inspired and derived by natural products [2, 3]. In terms of chirality, functional groups and structural complexity, natural products show more drugs like features [4, 5].","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74248611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0603004
D. I. Yadav
Since, the industrial revolution, there has been significant changes in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing sectors. Almost 71% of the Earth’s surface is made up of water out of which only 2.5% is fresh water, out of which less than 1% is available for human consumption. The inaccessibility to adequate clean water is one of the most serious problems affecting large numbers of people worldwide. [1]
{"title":"Graphene Oxide Membranes: A Review","authors":"D. I. Yadav","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0603004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0603004","url":null,"abstract":"Since, the industrial revolution, there has been significant changes in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing sectors. Almost 71% of the Earth’s surface is made up of water out of which only 2.5% is fresh water, out of which less than 1% is available for human consumption. The inaccessibility to adequate clean water is one of the most serious problems affecting large numbers of people worldwide. [1]","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84653541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0603001
Ravendra Saket, K. Sharma, A. Dwivedi
The carbonyl compounds especially methylenecompounds exhibit a substitution oxidation, addition etc. types of reactions through enol and enolate in formation because of existence of keto-enol equilibrium, depending on the nature of solvents, resonance and hydrogen bonding. In these compounds the –CH2group is sandwiched between two electron attracting > C = O groups, being highly acidic, enolize rapidly 1 and is stabilized by resonance.
羰基化合物特别是亚甲基化合物由于存在酮烯平衡，根据溶剂性质、共振和氢键的不同，通过烯醇和烯醇形成取代氧化、加成等类型的反应。在这些化合物中，- 2基团夹在两个吸引电子的> C = O基团之间，呈强酸性，烯醇化迅速，并通过共振稳定。
{"title":"Kinetic Study of Some Active Methylene Compounds by Isoquinolinium Bromochromate","authors":"Ravendra Saket, K. Sharma, A. Dwivedi","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0603001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0603001","url":null,"abstract":"The carbonyl compounds especially methylenecompounds exhibit a substitution oxidation, addition etc. types of reactions through enol and enolate in formation because of existence of keto-enol equilibrium, depending on the nature of solvents, resonance and hydrogen bonding. In these compounds the –CH2group is sandwiched between two electron attracting > C = O groups, being highly acidic, enolize rapidly 1 and is stabilized by resonance.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80793874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0604004
Kaltham B. Aljaloud, Anna Kusmartsevam, M. Batouti
Unconventional and high temperature superconductors are fascinating materials in modern solid state physics and materials science and are widely used in manufacturing of wires, tapes, cables, electrical electordes, etc...... Moreover, these thermoelectric materials (TE) are widely used for manufacturing of transistors and microelectronics. 1 Superconductivity was exhibited by Hgbelow Tc of 4.2 K; (LaBa-CuO) ceramicsat ∼30K;Y-Ba-O at 93 K; Bi and Tlcuprates at 125 K; Hg-based cupratesat164 K. 2 A perfect superconductor elements:Pb, Ta, and Snhave zero electrical resistanceand perfect diamagnetismif cooled below T c . 3 Cuprates are the bases of many superconductors of differentTc: Ba– Ca–CuO);Tc120K [3], Ln 2-x Ce x CuO 4 (Ln = La, Nd, Pr, Sm, or Eu) where electron-doped high-
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Unconventional Lanthanum Cerium Copuratethin Films Superconductors for Development of Thermoelectric Devices","authors":"Kaltham B. Aljaloud, Anna Kusmartsevam, M. Batouti","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0604004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0604004","url":null,"abstract":"Unconventional and high temperature superconductors are fascinating materials in modern solid state physics and materials science and are widely used in manufacturing of wires, tapes, cables, electrical electordes, etc...... Moreover, these thermoelectric materials (TE) are widely used for manufacturing of transistors and microelectronics. 1 Superconductivity was exhibited by Hgbelow Tc of 4.2 K; (LaBa-CuO) ceramicsat ∼30K;Y-Ba-O at 93 K; Bi and Tlcuprates at 125 K; Hg-based cupratesat164 K. 2 A perfect superconductor elements:Pb, Ta, and Snhave zero electrical resistanceand perfect diamagnetismif cooled below T c . 3 Cuprates are the bases of many superconductors of differentTc: Ba– Ca–CuO);Tc120K [3], Ln 2-x Ce x CuO 4 (Ln = La, Nd, Pr, Sm, or Eu) where electron-doped high-","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87815713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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