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Comparative Study of Estimatives and Experimental Published Results of Spark Ignition Engine Performance using Different Fuels. 不同燃料下火花点火发动机性能估算值与已发表实验结果的比较研究。
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0611003
B. N. Aud, A. L. Silva, M. F. Júnior, F. NattaciaR.A., Rocha, Nadinne P. Merlo, W. Pereira
Spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engines may bring a major improvement in SI engines because of their potential reduction in fuel consumption. However, for compliance with stringent emissions standards while performing at highefficiency levels, this engine requires further development, including advanced exhaust treatment and low sulfur fuel compatible with its operating characteristics.Other improvements to thermal efficiency for these engines result from the exhaust gases having a composition much closer to that of air and a lower temperature (which reduces heat loss) and the induction of excess air reduces pumping losses.In this last case, it is important to mention that Ostrikov et al., 2018 [1] developed a technological process and a flushing composition flushing oil for cleaning lubricating system of tractor diesel engines. Also, Buratsev et al, 2018 [2] working with turbulent combustion of natural gas have observed that the increasinge in the calorific intensity of the combustion chamber of one reactor as a result of a decrease in its volume leads to full conversion of the starting reagents and to lower carbon-black formation, then this remark ought to be applied to the combustion chambre of the engines.
火花点火直接喷射(SIDI)发动机可能会带来重大的改进,因为他们的潜在的燃料消耗的减少。然而,为了在满足严格的排放标准的同时保持高效率,这款发动机还需要进一步的发展,包括先进的废气处理和与其运行特性兼容的低硫燃料。这些发动机热效率的其他改进是由于废气的成分更接近空气,温度更低(这减少了热量损失),过量空气的诱导减少了泵送损失。在最后一种情况下,重要的是要提到Ostrikov等人,2018[1]开发了一种用于清洁拖拉机柴油机润滑系统的工艺流程和冲洗成分冲洗油。此外,Buratsev等人,2018[2]在研究天然气湍流燃烧时观察到,一个反应堆燃烧室的热强度增加,导致其体积减小,导致启动试剂完全转化,并降低炭黑的形成,那么这一评论应该适用于发动机的燃烧室。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Oxidation of Benzhydrol and Þ-Chlorobenzhydrol by Selenium Dioxide: Reaction Kinetics 二氧化硒氧化苯并氢和Þ-Chlorobenzhydrol的研究:反应动力学
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0602001
D. Dwivedi, A. Dwivedi, N. Manikpuri
It is known from a long time that rare earths compound viz. Selenium dioxide (SeO2), Selenious and Selenic acids as well as selenites are readily reduced by a variety of substances to selenium but their oxidizing properties were not studies systematically. Riley, Morley and Friend 1 were the first pioneer to introduce the potential of SeO2 as an oxidant, since then considerable progress has been made for the oxidation of a large number of organic compounds. 2 In presence of strong mineral acids such as H2SO4, it gives rise existing active oxidizing species H3SeO3 + or AcH3SeO3 to cause the reaction.
很早以前人们就知道稀土化合物二氧化硒(SeO2)、亚硒酸和亚硒酸以及亚硒酸盐很容易被各种物质还原为硒,但对其氧化性能的研究并不系统。Riley, Morley和Friend 1是第一个介绍SeO2作为氧化剂的潜力的先驱,从那时起,在氧化大量有机化合物方面取得了相当大的进展。2、在H2SO4等强无机酸存在下,产生现有的活性氧化物质H3SeO3 +或AcH3SeO3,引起反应。
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引用次数: 0
Removal of Biochemical and Chemical Oxygen Demands in Vegetable Oil Industry Effluents using Adsorbents from Fluted Pumpkin Mesocarp 用带槽南瓜中果皮吸附剂去除植物油工业废水中的生化和化学需氧量
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0611001
V. A. Wirnkor
Explanation modeling is the concept of fitting pollutant concentration data from experimental data into model equation. This elicits estimates of useful information such as isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics parameters (Horsfall and spiff 2005; Maduagwu, 2008; Ekpete et al., 2010) that ordinarily are not obtained directly from original data in the specific system (Dunnivant and Anders, 2006). Such information is vital for the design and operating conditions of both batch and column sorption systems.
解释建模是将实验数据中的污染物浓度数据拟合到模型方程中的概念。这引出了对诸如等温线、动力学和热力学参数等有用信息的估计(Horsfall and spiff 2005;Maduagwu, 2008;Ekpete et al., 2010),通常不能直接从特定系统的原始数据中获得(Dunnivant and Anders, 2006)。这些信息对于批式和柱式吸附系统的设计和操作条件都是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 2
Chromium and Molybdenum Carbonyl Derivatives of N2O2 Schiff Base and 2(2'-Pyridyl) Benzimidazole N2O2席夫碱和2(2′-吡啶基)苯并咪唑的铬钼羰基衍生物
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0608002
R. Ramadan, O. Ali, A. S. Sayed
The chemistry of Schiff bases is an area of increasing interest. Importance of these bases and their metal complexes is retained to their applications in biological, analytical and industrial fields as well as to their roles in catalysis and organic synthesis [1–9]. On the other hand, transition metal complexes having oxygen and nitrogen donor Schiff bases mostly possess unusual configuration, structural lability and are sensitive to molecular environment [10]. For example, the environment around the metal centre (such as coordination geometry, number of coordinated ligands and their donor groups) is the key factor for metalloproteins to carry out specific physiological functions [11]. The design and synthesis of symmetrical Schiff bases have been of interest due to their preparative accessibility, structural variability and tunable electronic properties allowing carrying out systematic reactivity studies based on ancillary ligand modifications [12]. Moreover, Schiff base ligands that are able to form binuclear transition metal complexes are useful to study the relation between structures and magnetic exchange interactions [13,14]. In addition, transition metal complexes with tetradentate Schiff bases have been extensively investigated as catalysts for a number of organic redox reactions and electrochemical reduction processes [15-17]. The chemistry of metal complexes containing salen-type (N2O2) Schiff base ligands derived from condensation of aldehydes and diamines are of enduring significance. These complexes have been used as synthetic oxygen carriers [18], catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation [19-24] and the synthesis of optical and magnetic materials [25,26]. Salen complexes have also been recently used as catalytically active materials to develop surface-modified electrodes for sensoring applications [27,28]. On the other hand, transition metal complexes with 2-substituted benzimidazole ligands are progressively used to model important bioinorganic systems [29,30] and act as cytotoxic [31], antiviral [32] and antiamoebic [33] agents. Our interest in investigation of the reactions of metal carbonyls with Schiff bases [34-39] has prompted us to investigate the reactions of M(CO)6 (M=Cr or Mo) with bis(salicylaldehyde) ethylendiimine (salenH2) in presence of 2(2'-pyridyl) benzimidazole (PbiH) (Scheme 1).
希夫碱的化学性质是一个日益引起人们兴趣的领域。这些碱及其金属配合物的重要性在于它们在生物、分析和工业领域的应用,以及它们在催化和有机合成中的作用[1-9]。另一方面,具有氧和氮施主席夫碱的过渡金属配合物大多具有特殊的构型、结构稳定性和对分子环境的敏感性。例如,金属中心周围的环境(如配位几何、配位配体及其供体基团的数量)是金属蛋白执行特定生理功能的关键因素[11]。对称席夫碱的设计和合成由于其制备的可及性、结构的可变性和可调的电子性质而引起了人们的兴趣,这使得基于辅助配体修饰[12]的系统反应性研究成为可能。此外,能够形成双核过渡金属配合物的希夫碱配体有助于研究结构与磁交换相互作用之间的关系[13,14]。此外,具有四齿席夫碱的过渡金属配合物作为多种有机氧化还原反应和电化学还原过程的催化剂已被广泛研究[15-17]。由醛和二胺缩合而成的含salen型(N2O2)希夫碱配体的金属配合物的化学性质具有持久的意义。这些配合物已被用作合成氧载体[18]、不对称环氧化催化剂[19-24]以及光学和磁性材料的合成[25,26]。Salen配合物最近也被用作催化活性材料,用于开发用于传感应用的表面修饰电极[27,28]。另一方面,具有2-取代苯并咪唑配体的过渡金属配合物逐渐被用于模拟重要的生物无机系统[29,30],并作为细胞毒性[31]、抗病毒[32]和抗阿米巴药物[33]。我们对研究金属羰基与希夫碱的反应感兴趣[34-39],这促使我们研究了M(CO)6 (M=Cr或Mo)与双(水杨醛)乙基二亚胺(salenH2)在2(2'-吡啶基)苯并咪唑(PbiH)存在下的反应(方案1)。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Antimicrobial of New Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Schiff Base Complexes 新型Cr(III)、Co(II)、Ni(II)和Cu(II)席夫碱配合物的合成、光谱和抗菌性能
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0601004
Huda E.M. Amin, O. Ali, Samir M. EL-Medania, A. S. Sayed
Schiff bases are condensation products of primary amine and aliphatic or aromatic carbonyl compounds with the general formula (RCH=N-R), that makes the schiff base a stable imine. The linkage azomethine group contains a pair of π electrons bonded between carbon and nitrogen (CH=N-). In addition, the nitrogen atom present in the azomethine group has a lone pair of electron and this add distinct properties to this group. Schiff bases derived from aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes have a wide variety of applications in many fields, eg., biological [1-4], Heterogenous catalyst [5], oxidation of alkanes [6], catalytic applications [7,8] and photo luminescent properties [9,10].
席夫碱是伯胺与脂肪族或芳香羰基化合物的缩合产物,其通式(RCH=N-R)使席夫碱成为稳定的亚胺。联键亚甲基包含一对π电子在碳和氮之间键合(CH=N-)。此外,存在于亚甲基中的氮原子有一对孤电子,这给这个基团增加了独特的性质。由芳香胺和芳香醛衍生的希夫碱在许多领域有着广泛的应用。,生物[1-4],多相催化剂[5],烷烃氧化[6],催化应用[7,8]和光发光性质[9,10]。
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引用次数: 0
Behavior of Metal Fractions with Depth in Soils of Children’s Play Grounds within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊莫州奥韦里市儿童游乐场土壤中金属组分随深度的行为
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0612004
Verla Evelyn Ngozi, V. A. Wirnkor, Egbuawa O. Irene
Children of primary and nursing age bracket often engage in activities that make then ingest playground soil through their mouth 1, . These pica activities have health implications due to presence of contaminants in the soil. Therefore, if polluted with toxic heavy metals, surface soil could become a major concern of health risks to the public . Researchers have linked child health to both type and cover of playgrounds and interesting literature exist on studies of children playgrounds in developing nations 4, . However such studies are yet to be conducted in Nigeria. Children’ s hands after playing contain elevated amount of metals and chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) were largely adsorbed in children’ s hands from playgrounds soils. As a result of their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulative behavior and above all their mode of action in children, heavy metals constitute a group of serious pollutants in our natural environment.
小学和哺乳年龄段的儿童经常参与一些活动,使他们通过嘴摄入操场上的泥土。由于土壤中存在污染物,这些异食癖活动对健康有影响。因此,如果被有毒重金属污染,表层土壤可能成为公众健康风险的主要关注点。研究人员将儿童健康与游乐场的类型和面积联系起来,在发展中国家对儿童游乐场的研究中存在有趣的文献。然而,这类研究尚未在尼日利亚进行。儿童在玩耍后的手上含有大量的金属,铬(Cr)和砷(As)主要是从游乐场的土壤中吸附到儿童手上的。由于其毒性、持久性和生物蓄积性,尤其是对儿童的作用方式,重金属构成了我们自然环境中的一组严重污染物。
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引用次数: 0
Techniques Adopted for Extraction of Natural Products Extraction Methods: Maceration, Percolation, Soxhlet Extraction, Turbo distillation, Supercritical Fluid Extraction 天然产物提取技术:浸渍法、渗透法、索氏萃取法、涡轮蒸馏法、超临界流体萃取法
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0604001
Komal Patel, Namrata Panchal, Pradnya Ingle
From olden days diseases were alleviated and treated with the help of natural products obtained from plants, animals, micro-organisms. The use of natural extracts for medicinal use is from about 60,000 years back. From early times, Extraction of Natural products has presented great challenges and has developed a positive impact on the development of human civilization. These Extracts not only provide primary treatment of health in developing countries, but have attracted the developed countries due ever increasing health care cost. About most of the population use natural medicines for the treatment and prevention purpose [1]. From about 80 years, almost 50% of chemical drugs approved by FDA are inspired and derived by natural products [2, 3]. In terms of chirality, functional groups and structural complexity, natural products show more drugs like features [4, 5].
自古以来,疾病都是借助从植物、动物、微生物中获得的天然产物来缓解和治疗的。将天然提取物用于医药用途大约可以追溯到6万年前。自古以来,天然产物的提取就面临着巨大的挑战,并对人类文明的发展产生了积极的影响。这些提取物不仅在发展中国家提供初级保健治疗,而且由于卫生保健费用的不断增加而吸引了发达国家。大约大部分人群使用天然药物用于治疗和预防[1]。大约80年来,FDA批准的化学药物中有近50%是由天然产物启发和衍生的[2,3]。天然产物在手性、官能团和结构复杂性方面表现出更多类似药物的特征[4,5]。
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引用次数: 13
Graphene Oxide Membranes: A Review 氧化石墨烯膜:综述
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0603004
D. I. Yadav
Since, the industrial revolution, there has been significant changes in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing sectors. Almost 71% of the Earth’s surface is made up of water out of which only 2.5% is fresh water, out of which less than 1% is available for human consumption. The inaccessibility to adequate clean water is one of the most serious problems affecting large numbers of people worldwide. [1]
自从工业革命以来,农业、采矿业和制造业都发生了重大变化。近71%的地球表面是由水组成的,其中只有2.5%是淡水,其中可供人类消费的不到1%。无法获得足够的清洁水是影响全世界许多人的最严重问题之一。[1]
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引用次数: 0
Kinetic Study of Some Active Methylene Compounds by Isoquinolinium Bromochromate 溴铬酸异喹啉对一些活性亚甲基化合物的动力学研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0603001
Ravendra Saket, K. Sharma, A. Dwivedi
The carbonyl compounds especially methylenecompounds exhibit a substitution oxidation, addition etc. types of reactions through enol and enolate in formation because of existence of keto-enol equilibrium, depending on the nature of solvents, resonance and hydrogen bonding. In these compounds the –CH2group is sandwiched between two electron attracting > C = O groups, being highly acidic, enolize rapidly 1 and is stabilized by resonance.
羰基化合物特别是亚甲基化合物由于存在酮烯平衡,根据溶剂性质、共振和氢键的不同,通过烯醇和烯醇形成取代氧化、加成等类型的反应。在这些化合物中,- 2基团夹在两个吸引电子的> C = O基团之间,呈强酸性,烯醇化迅速,并通过共振稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and Characterization of Unconventional Lanthanum Cerium Copuratethin Films Superconductors for Development of Thermoelectric Devices 用于热电器件发展的非常规镧铈共铂薄膜超导体的制备与表征
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0604004
Kaltham B. Aljaloud, Anna Kusmartsevam, M. Batouti
Unconventional and high temperature superconductors are fascinating materials in modern solid state physics and materials science and are widely used in manufacturing of wires, tapes, cables, electrical electordes, etc...... Moreover, these thermoelectric materials (TE) are widely used for manufacturing of transistors and microelectronics. 1 Superconductivity was exhibited by Hgbelow Tc of 4.2 K; (LaBa-CuO) ceramicsat ∼30K;Y-Ba-O at 93 K; Bi and Tlcuprates at 125 K; Hg-based cupratesat164 K. 2 A perfect superconductor elements:Pb, Ta, and Snhave zero electrical resistanceand perfect diamagnetismif cooled below T c . 3 Cuprates are the bases of many superconductors of differentTc: Ba– Ca–CuO);Tc120K [3], Ln 2-x Ce x CuO 4 (Ln = La, Nd, Pr, Sm, or Eu) where electron-doped high-
非常规和高温超导体是现代固体物理和材料科学中令人着迷的材料,广泛用于制造电线、胶带、电缆、电极等......此外,这些热电材料(TE)被广泛用于制造晶体管和微电子。1 .温度低于4.2 K时,超导性明显;(LaBa-CuO)陶瓷(~ 30K);Y-Ba-O (93 K);铋和铜酸盐在125 K;钨基铜合金是一种完美的超导体元素:Pb、Ta和sn3,如果冷却到温度以下,它们具有零电阻和完美的抗磁性。铜酸盐是许多不同tc的超导体的碱:Ba - Ca-CuO);Tc120K [3], Ln 2-x Ce x CuO 4 (Ln = La, Nd, Pr, Sm或Eu),其中电子掺杂高-
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science
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