Pub Date : 2020-04-28DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30498
C. R., Senthil Kumar Gp, P. P, Vidya Dn, Bhadresh Dr, M. S
In the present research a simple, accurate, precise and cost-effective High-performance thin layer chromatographic method for the estimation of clobazam, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form was illustrated. The RF value of the drug was found to be 0.74 in the mobile phase, acetone: toluene: formic acid (1: 1: 0.05 v/v/v). A linear response was observed in the range of 100-700 ng with a regression coefficient of 0.999. Validation parameters were carried out as per the guidelines of International Conference for Harmonization (ICH). This method can be used in the industries for determination of clobazam to analyze the quality of formulation without interference of the excipients.
{"title":"Method development and validation of clobazam in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms by using high performance thin layer chromatographic method","authors":"C. R., Senthil Kumar Gp, P. P, Vidya Dn, Bhadresh Dr, M. S","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30498","url":null,"abstract":"In the present research a simple, accurate, precise and cost-effective High-performance thin layer chromatographic method for the estimation of clobazam, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form was illustrated. The RF value of the drug was found to be 0.74 in the mobile phase, acetone: toluene: formic acid (1: 1: 0.05 v/v/v). A linear response was observed in the range of 100-700 ng with a regression coefficient of 0.999. Validation parameters were carried out as per the guidelines of International Conference for Harmonization (ICH). This method can be used in the industries for determination of clobazam to analyze the quality of formulation without interference of the excipients. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77952074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-28DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30607
Alireza Heidari, Katrin E. Schmitt, M. Henderson, E. Besana
Cancer is one of the malignant diseases and millions of people worldwide die from cancer annually. Breast cancer diagnosis requires the analysis of images and attributes as well as collecting many clinical and mammography variables. In diagnosis of breast cancer, it is im-portant to determine whether a tumor is benign or malignant. The information about breast cancer risk prediction along with the type of tu-mor are crucial for patients and effective medical decision making. An ideal diagnostic system could effectively distinguish between benign and malignant cells; however, such a system has not been created yet. In this study, a model is developed to improve the prediction probabil-ity of breast cancer. It is necessary to have such a prediction model as the survival probability of breast cancer is high when patients are diagnosed at early stages.
{"title":"Hereditary immunity in cancer","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Katrin E. Schmitt, M. Henderson, E. Besana","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30607","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the malignant diseases and millions of people worldwide die from cancer annually. Breast cancer diagnosis requires the analysis of images and attributes as well as collecting many clinical and mammography variables. In diagnosis of breast cancer, it is im-portant to determine whether a tumor is benign or malignant. The information about breast cancer risk prediction along with the type of tu-mor are crucial for patients and effective medical decision making. An ideal diagnostic system could effectively distinguish between benign and malignant cells; however, such a system has not been created yet. In this study, a model is developed to improve the prediction probabil-ity of breast cancer. It is necessary to have such a prediction model as the survival probability of breast cancer is high when patients are diagnosed at early stages. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78050926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-18DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30490
Alireza Heidari, Katrin E. Schmitt, M. Henderson, E. Besana
Cancer is the most popular reason of death worldwide that many people struggle with it. Although the cancer is dangerous, but if it detects in early stages increases the chance of patient survival. The miRNAs are one of the important ways for early cancer detection that it caused to return an interesting field for researches. All the miRNAs haven’t any role in cancer detection. The Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is a developed Genetic Algorithm (GA) that by using of quantum computing on top of the genetic algorithm to alleviate the pre convergence problem. The interest of this study is to adopt the QGA for solving of informative miRNAs selection and irrelevant miRNAs removing problem. However, in the suggested algorithm, SVM classifier performance and the dimension of the selected feature vector are dependent on heuristic information for QGA. As a result, the proposed approach selects the adaptive feature subset with respect to the shortest feature dimension and the improved performance of the classifier. The performances of this method are evaluated on the popular data set which the experimental results show that since QGA-SVM is used as one of wrapper methods, as a result, its overall performance is better separation between normal and cancer expression for all types of cancer and better classification rate.
{"title":"A chemical review on cancer immunology and immunodeficiency","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Katrin E. Schmitt, M. Henderson, E. Besana","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30490","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is the most popular reason of death worldwide that many people struggle with it. Although the cancer is dangerous, but if it detects in early stages increases the chance of patient survival. The miRNAs are one of the important ways for early cancer detection that it caused to return an interesting field for researches. All the miRNAs haven’t any role in cancer detection. The Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is a developed Genetic Algorithm (GA) that by using of quantum computing on top of the genetic algorithm to alleviate the pre convergence problem. The interest of this study is to adopt the QGA for solving of informative miRNAs selection and irrelevant miRNAs removing problem. However, in the suggested algorithm, SVM classifier performance and the dimension of the selected feature vector are dependent on heuristic information for QGA. As a result, the proposed approach selects the adaptive feature subset with respect to the shortest feature dimension and the improved performance of the classifier. The performances of this method are evaluated on the popular data set which the experimental results show that since QGA-SVM is used as one of wrapper methods, as a result, its overall performance is better separation between normal and cancer expression for all types of cancer and better classification rate. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85053827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-18DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30500
Alireza Heidari, Victoria Peterson
In this research, poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly (ethylene glycol), (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) of less than 195 nm in diameter containing of Naringenin (NRG) a naturally flavonoid were synthesized. Encapsulated form NRG improves its medical properties and solubility. The therapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated naringenin (NRG-NPs) and NRG on human lung epithelial (A549) and mouse mammary (4T1) carcinoma cells proliferation was determined by MTT assays. The cytotoxicity potency was rated as follows: NRG-NPs > NRG. The antioxidant effects of the NRG and NRG-NPs were also determined by FRAP method. Our results show that NRG-NPs are cytotoxic compounds for cancer cells and anti-cancer effect can be attributed to the presence of Fe chelatory and antioxidant effects of NRG-NPs.
本研究合成了含天然类黄酮柚皮素(NRG)的直径小于195 nm的聚(D, l -丙交酯-共乙醇酸酯)-嵌段聚乙二醇(PLGA-PEG)纳米颗粒(NPs)。包封后的NRG改善了其医用性能和溶解性。MTT法观察柚皮素包被物(NRG- nps)和NRG对人肺上皮细胞(A549)和小鼠乳腺(4T1)癌细胞增殖的影响。细胞毒效价分级如下:NRG- nps > NRG。采用FRAP法测定NRG和NRG- nps的抗氧化作用。我们的研究结果表明，NRG-NPs是癌细胞的细胞毒性化合物，其抗癌作用可能归因于NRG-NPs的铁螯合和抗氧化作用。
{"title":"A comprehensive review on functional roles of cancerous immunoglobulins and potential applications in cancer immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Victoria Peterson","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30500","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly (ethylene glycol), (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) of less than 195 nm in diameter containing of Naringenin (NRG) a naturally flavonoid were synthesized. Encapsulated form NRG improves its medical properties and solubility. The therapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated naringenin (NRG-NPs) and NRG on human lung epithelial (A549) and mouse mammary (4T1) carcinoma cells proliferation was determined by MTT assays. The cytotoxicity potency was rated as follows: NRG-NPs > NRG. The antioxidant effects of the NRG and NRG-NPs were also determined by FRAP method. Our results show that NRG-NPs are cytotoxic compounds for cancer cells and anti-cancer effect can be attributed to the presence of Fe chelatory and antioxidant effects of NRG-NPs. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74593231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-18DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30501
Alireza Heidari, Victoria Peterson
Cancer is a disease that humans have been involved with, and scientists have done great efforts to treat it. But they have not had much success, On the other hand Nano science as a new scientific in various branches of science have been made many changes. Hence can be used to treat cancer of Nano science. Currently, cancer treatment is such that drugs used are not selectivity. The cancer cells are not specifically identified, it destroys healthy tissue and cause harm to the human body. So if we can reduce drug dose of the drug to the targeted tissue must be, we have partially solved the problem. With earlier studies, researchers in the field of folate and gold nanoclusters have done, specified in the detection and destruction of cancer cells are highly effective and very promising future. The gold nanoclusters were used because it has unique properties such as adsorption of heat for the destruction of cancer cells and is also well connected to the folate. the 4-aminothiophenol (4Atp) is one of the best linker for binding folate and gold Nano clusters. In this study we used computational method for computing stability of complex (folate and Nano clusters) and geometrical and physicochemical properties.
{"title":"An encyclopedic review on stereotactic hypofrac tionated radiotherapy, re-irradiation, and cancer genome research","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Victoria Peterson","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30501","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a disease that humans have been involved with, and scientists have done great efforts to treat it. But they have not had much success, On the other hand Nano science as a new scientific in various branches of science have been made many changes. Hence can be used to treat cancer of Nano science. Currently, cancer treatment is such that drugs used are not selectivity. The cancer cells are not specifically identified, it destroys healthy tissue and cause harm to the human body. So if we can reduce drug dose of the drug to the targeted tissue must be, we have partially solved the problem. With earlier studies, researchers in the field of folate and gold nanoclusters have done, specified in the detection and destruction of cancer cells are highly effective and very promising future. The gold nanoclusters were used because it has unique properties such as adsorption of heat for the destruction of cancer cells and is also well connected to the folate. the 4-aminothiophenol (4Atp) is one of the best linker for binding folate and gold Nano clusters. In this study we used computational method for computing stability of complex (folate and Nano clusters) and geometrical and physicochemical properties. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86103306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-18DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30502
Alireza Heidari, Victoria Peterson
Basically, medical diagnosis problems are the most effective component of treatment policies. Recently, significant advances have been formed in medical diagnosis fields using data mining techniques. Data mining or Knowledge Discovery is searching large databases to discover patterns and evaluate the probability of next occurrences. In this research, Bayesian Classifier is used as a Non-linear datamining tool to determine the seriousness of breast cancer. The recorded observations of the Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) tests that are obtained at the University of Wisconsin are considered as experimental data set in this research. The Tabu search algorithm for structural learning of Bayesian classifier and Genie simulator for parametric learning of Bayesian classifier were used. Finally, the obtained results by the proposed model were compared with actual results. The comparison process indicates that seriousness of the disease in 86.18% of cases are guessed very close to the actual values by proposed model.
{"title":"A pervasive review on biomarker in cervical intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Victoria Peterson","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30502","url":null,"abstract":"Basically, medical diagnosis problems are the most effective component of treatment policies. Recently, significant advances have been formed in medical diagnosis fields using data mining techniques. Data mining or Knowledge Discovery is searching large databases to discover patterns and evaluate the probability of next occurrences. In this research, Bayesian Classifier is used as a Non-linear datamining tool to determine the seriousness of breast cancer. The recorded observations of the Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) tests that are obtained at the University of Wisconsin are considered as experimental data set in this research. The Tabu search algorithm for structural learning of Bayesian classifier and Genie simulator for parametric learning of Bayesian classifier were used. Finally, the obtained results by the proposed model were compared with actual results. The comparison process indicates that seriousness of the disease in 86.18% of cases are guessed very close to the actual values by proposed model. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72844407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30273
P. P, Senthil Kumar G P, C. R., Vidya D N, Bhadresh D R, M. S
Two simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Pregabalin (PRG) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the reactions of the drug with bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromocresol green (BCG) in buffered hydrochloric acid solutions at pH 1.2 to give coloured ion-pair complexes extractable with chloroform. The coloured products are quantitated spectrophotometrically at 431 nm with BCP and 444.80 nm with BCG. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 10-50 µg/ml with both reagents. Recovery studies gave satisfactory results indicating that none of common additives and excipients interfere the assay method. The proposed methods are found to be simple, accurate and reproducible that was successfully applied for the analysis of capsule formulations. The developed methods are easy to use, accurate and highly cost-effective for routine studies relative to HPLC and other techniques.
{"title":"Validated extractive analytical methods for the estimation of pregabalin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form","authors":"P. P, Senthil Kumar G P, C. R., Vidya D N, Bhadresh D R, M. S","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30273","url":null,"abstract":"Two simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Pregabalin (PRG) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the reactions of the drug with bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromocresol green (BCG) in buffered hydrochloric acid solutions at pH 1.2 to give coloured ion-pair complexes extractable with chloroform. The coloured products are quantitated spectrophotometrically at 431 nm with BCP and 444.80 nm with BCG. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 10-50 µg/ml with both reagents. Recovery studies gave satisfactory results indicating that none of common additives and excipients interfere the assay method. The proposed methods are found to be simple, accurate and reproducible that was successfully applied for the analysis of capsule formulations. The developed methods are easy to use, accurate and highly cost-effective for routine studies relative to HPLC and other techniques. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74968493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.29995
A. Ogunsipe, O. Opeolu
The fluorescence quenching of fluorescein by 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) in five solvents – methanol, ethanol, phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) is hereby investigated. Fluorescein’s fluorescence was effectively quenched by BQ, and the quenching was dynamic (purely collisional) within the BQ’s concentration range (0.001 to 0.004 M) used in this work. Accordingly, the quenching data were in conformity with the Stern-Volmer’s model. Stern-Volmer’s constant (KSV) values range between 17.4 in DMSO and 43.4 in methanol. KSV values, together with the calculated bimolecular rate constants (kD) in the respective solvents, were used to semi-empirically estimate the fluorescence lifetimes (tF) of fluorescein in the individual solvents. Just as for KSV values, tF values are solvent-viscosity dependent, with the lowest values being obtained in methanol and the highest in DMSO, which are the least and most viscous solvents respectively. tF values obtained in this work are 3.55, 3.71, 3.78, 4.13 and 4.51 ns (in methanol, PBS 7.4, ethanol, DMF and DMSO, respectively).
{"title":"Determination of fluorescence lifetimes of fluorescein from fluorescence quenching data","authors":"A. Ogunsipe, O. Opeolu","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.29995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.29995","url":null,"abstract":"The fluorescence quenching of fluorescein by 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) in five solvents – methanol, ethanol, phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) is hereby investigated. Fluorescein’s fluorescence was effectively quenched by BQ, and the quenching was dynamic (purely collisional) within the BQ’s concentration range (0.001 to 0.004 M) used in this work. Accordingly, the quenching data were in conformity with the Stern-Volmer’s model. Stern-Volmer’s constant (KSV) values range between 17.4 in DMSO and 43.4 in methanol. KSV values, together with the calculated bimolecular rate constants (kD) in the respective solvents, were used to semi-empirically estimate the fluorescence lifetimes (tF) of fluorescein in the individual solvents. Just as for KSV values, tF values are solvent-viscosity dependent, with the lowest values being obtained in methanol and the highest in DMSO, which are the least and most viscous solvents respectively. tF values obtained in this work are 3.55, 3.71, 3.78, 4.13 and 4.51 ns (in methanol, PBS 7.4, ethanol, DMF and DMSO, respectively). ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76045816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-11DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30133
A. Ait Sidi Mou, E. E. Ghanjaoui, M. Daoudi, B. El Gamany
This study examines the distributions and behavior of trace elements in five takaout plant samples. Multivariate statistical methods involving principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are applied. The measurements were performed using 21 elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Er, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti, Y, Yb, Zn) at µg g-1 level determined by ICP-OES. The coefficients calculated for samples indicated a poorly negative correlation between the trace elements and Pr. A strong positive correlations among K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Sr, Ti, Er and Cr show a similarity in their change rules. Also, negative correlations between K and Na with Mn, Zn and Ba were showed, which indicates that these elements haven’t a similarity in their behaviors, the increase of one (K and Na) conducting of decrease of others (Mn, Zn and Ba). The correlation matrix shows that Cr has good consistency with the trace elements in the sample. In particular, the correlation coefficient with Mg followed by Sr, Ca, and Fe correlations. These strong correlations between these variables show the similarity of the phenomena at the origin in takaout plant.
{"title":"Study on qualitative analysis in cosmetic takaout plant by multivariate statistical","authors":"A. Ait Sidi Mou, E. E. Ghanjaoui, M. Daoudi, B. El Gamany","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30133","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the distributions and behavior of trace elements in five takaout plant samples. Multivariate statistical methods involving principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are applied. The measurements were performed using 21 elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Er, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti, Y, Yb, Zn) at µg g-1 level determined by ICP-OES. The coefficients calculated for samples indicated a poorly negative correlation between the trace elements and Pr. A strong positive correlations among K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Sr, Ti, Er and Cr show a similarity in their change rules. Also, negative correlations between K and Na with Mn, Zn and Ba were showed, which indicates that these elements haven’t a similarity in their behaviors, the increase of one (K and Na) conducting of decrease of others (Mn, Zn and Ba). The correlation matrix shows that Cr has good consistency with the trace elements in the sample. In particular, the correlation coefficient with Mg followed by Sr, Ca, and Fe correlations. These strong correlations between these variables show the similarity of the phenomena at the origin in takaout plant. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83996322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-11DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30154
Mohamed Atiga Elbagermi, Antisar Abdulmajid Bin Haleem, Khaled Muftah Elsherif
In the present investigation, 11 cow’s milk samples (pasteurized and long life) were collected from supermarkets in Misurata city, Libya. For the determination of metal contents, the milk samples were subjected to the optimized microwave digestion method using HNO3 and H2O2. The levels of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb were evaluated by Microwave Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (MP-AES 4100). It was found that potassium is the most concentrated essential metal while zinc is the highest detected heavy metal in all milk samples. The levels of Co and Cd were not detected in all milk samples under investigation (lower than instrumental detection limits). The mean concentrations of the detected metals were as follows: 828.05±0.82, 587.57±0.87, 512.38±0.30, 73.79±0.19, 2.014±0.19, 1.89±0.16, 0.178±0.03, 0.061±0.02, 0.074±0.01, 0.053±0.001, and 0.045±0.001 for: K, Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr ppm, respectively. There is no significant difference in the mean concentrations of Ni, Cr and Pb between the investigated milk samples. Though, the levels of essential and heavy metals observed were similar with other reported values in the literature.
{"title":"Evaluation of essential and heavy metal levels in pasteurized and long-life cow milk","authors":"Mohamed Atiga Elbagermi, Antisar Abdulmajid Bin Haleem, Khaled Muftah Elsherif","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30154","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, 11 cow’s milk samples (pasteurized and long life) were collected from supermarkets in Misurata city, Libya. For the determination of metal contents, the milk samples were subjected to the optimized microwave digestion method using HNO3 and H2O2. The levels of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb were evaluated by Microwave Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (MP-AES 4100). It was found that potassium is the most concentrated essential metal while zinc is the highest detected heavy metal in all milk samples. The levels of Co and Cd were not detected in all milk samples under investigation (lower than instrumental detection limits). The mean concentrations of the detected metals were as follows: 828.05±0.82, 587.57±0.87, 512.38±0.30, 73.79±0.19, 2.014±0.19, 1.89±0.16, 0.178±0.03, 0.061±0.02, 0.074±0.01, 0.053±0.001, and 0.045±0.001 for: K, Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr ppm, respectively. There is no significant difference in the mean concentrations of Ni, Cr and Pb between the investigated milk samples. Though, the levels of essential and heavy metals observed were similar with other reported values in the literature. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91534184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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