Pub Date : 2017-05-12DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.005
M. Rehman
Climate change is one of the major challenges for agriculture, food security and rural livelihoods for billions of poor people in the world. Agriculture is most vulnerable to climate change due to its high dependence on climate and weather. Asian agriculture sector is already facing many problems relating to sustainability. The present study was conducted to identify the impact of climate change on the socio-economic status and livelihood of farmers. A sample of 280 farmers’ respondents was selected from tehsil Jampur of Rajanpur district. The data were obtained through well designed interview schedule and analyzed statistically. Most of the respondent (39.1%) use to identify climate change through personal experience. Rainfall, temperature and wind patterns are climate change s respectively as reported by all, 41.1 and 26.8% of the respondents. More than half (56.4%) were of the view that climate changes have no impact on fertilizer application. Furthermore, about one-fourth (21.4 and 24.3%) of the respondents reported that climatic change has positive impact on the crop production activities like sowing and land preparation. All the respondents were of the view that climate change has negative impact on harvesting and crop productivity. Majority (68.9 72.5%) reported that climate change has negative impact on sowing and pesticide application. Whereas, majority (71.1%) of the respondents reported that climate change has no impact on the fodder and its cultivation. All the respondents agreed that climate change have great effect on flood and crop/livestock productivity. While more than half (58.2 and 69.6%) of the respondents reported that climate change has great impact on crop yield and plants/animal species. All the respondents reported that climate change directly affected their annual income.
{"title":"Climate change and its effect on crop and livestock productivity: farmers’ perception of Rajanpur, Pakistan","authors":"M. Rehman","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the major challenges for agriculture, food security and rural livelihoods for billions of poor people in the world. Agriculture is most vulnerable to climate change due to its high dependence on climate and weather. Asian agriculture sector is already facing many problems relating to sustainability. The present study was conducted to identify the impact of climate change on the socio-economic status and livelihood of farmers. A sample of 280 farmers’ respondents was selected from tehsil Jampur of Rajanpur district. The data were obtained through well designed interview schedule and analyzed statistically. Most of the respondent (39.1%) use to identify climate change through personal experience. Rainfall, temperature and wind patterns are climate change s respectively as reported by all, 41.1 and 26.8% of the respondents. More than half (56.4%) were of the view that climate changes have no impact on fertilizer application. Furthermore, about one-fourth (21.4 and 24.3%) of the respondents reported that climatic change has positive impact on the crop production activities like sowing and land preparation. All the respondents were of the view that climate change has negative impact on harvesting and crop productivity. Majority (68.9 72.5%) reported that climate change has negative impact on sowing and pesticide application. Whereas, majority (71.1%) of the respondents reported that climate change has no impact on the fodder and its cultivation. All the respondents agreed that climate change have great effect on flood and crop/livestock productivity. While more than half (58.2 and 69.6%) of the respondents reported that climate change has great impact on crop yield and plants/animal species. All the respondents reported that climate change directly affected their annual income.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75580350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-12DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.04.007
F. OgoriAkama.
{"title":"Approach to nutritional security potentials through home scale food process-fermentation","authors":"F. OgoriAkama.","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77046648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-12DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.004
A. Agarwal, N. Raj, Neelam Chaturvedi
Green leafy vegetables have excellent content of vitamins as well as minerals and also contain an enormous variety of bioactive components which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the proximate composition by standard AOAC method, antioxidant properties and DPPH free radicals scavenging activity of aqueous extract of Brassica oleracea and Spinacea oleracea. The study revealed that crude fiber, protein, iron and calciumcontent in Brassica oleracea was significantly increased by 41%, 41.6%, 8.7% and 37.23% respectively, when compared to Spinacea oleracea at p≤0.05 level. In aqueous extract of S.oleracea recorded the higher content of total phenols and total flavonoids i.e 41.2±0.18 mg GAE/g and 20.40±1.23 mg QE/g respectively as compared with B.oleracea . Although both leaves extract showed good amount of antioxidant components whereas free radical scavenging activity was higher B.oleracea leaves (IC50 -26 μg/ml) while S.oleracea had (IC50 48μg/ml) when compared to standard ascorbic acid. The study may conclude that Brassica oleracea leaves are as good as Spinacea oleracia leaves which could be incorporated in food formulation as therapeutic agent apart from its nutritional essence which could be explored to provide affordable remedy to masses.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Proximate and Antioxidant Activity of Brassica oleracea (Kale) and Spinacea oleracea (Spinach) Leaves","authors":"A. Agarwal, N. Raj, Neelam Chaturvedi","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Green leafy vegetables have excellent content of vitamins as well as minerals and also contain an enormous variety of bioactive components which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the proximate composition by standard AOAC method, antioxidant properties and DPPH free radicals scavenging activity of aqueous extract of Brassica oleracea and Spinacea oleracea. The study revealed that crude fiber, protein, iron and calciumcontent in Brassica oleracea was significantly increased by 41%, 41.6%, 8.7% and 37.23% respectively, when compared to Spinacea oleracea at p≤0.05 level. In aqueous extract of S.oleracea recorded the higher content of total phenols and total flavonoids i.e 41.2±0.18 mg GAE/g and 20.40±1.23 mg QE/g respectively as compared with B.oleracea . Although both leaves extract showed good amount of antioxidant components whereas free radical scavenging activity was higher B.oleracea leaves (IC50 -26 μg/ml) while S.oleracea had (IC50 48μg/ml) when compared to standard ascorbic acid. The study may conclude that Brassica oleracea leaves are as good as Spinacea oleracia leaves which could be incorporated in food formulation as therapeutic agent apart from its nutritional essence which could be explored to provide affordable remedy to masses.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84750684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-11DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.008
S. Rashid, Q. Bano, A. Akram
{"title":"Genetic diversity assessment of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) germplasm based on agro-morphological traits.","authors":"S. Rashid, Q. Bano, A. Akram","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76398396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.002
S. Alemu, A. Gete
This study was done to screen best performing clones generated from true sugarcane seed based on basic agronomic traits and visual observations from large populations over the standard checks then to promote for next Sugar cane performance trial. The trial was laid out in an augmented randomized complete block design of which the three checks replicated but clones were not replicated during 2015 and 2016 growing season at Tana Beles Sugar Development Project. Data were collected for sprouting percent, number of tillers, millable stalk, plant height and visual observations were made for diseases, flowering, and over all performances. The results indicated that the clones had highly significant differences for stalk count and plant height indicating the availability of high genetic variability among the genotypes studied regarding these trait. Thus, based on the stalk count and cane height performances and by considering visual observation for flowering, diseases and etc. 46 genotypes were selected. These selected genotypes will be planted with three standard checks in three replications by using Lattice Square Design for to select best performing Sugarcane Genotypes through thoroughly selection procedures.
{"title":"Observation Trail for Clones Generated from Fuzz at Beles Sugar Development Project","authors":"S. Alemu, A. Gete","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"This study was done to screen best performing clones generated from true sugarcane seed based on basic agronomic traits and visual observations from large populations over the standard checks then to promote for next Sugar cane performance trial. The trial was laid out in an augmented randomized complete block design of which the three checks replicated but clones were not replicated during 2015 and 2016 growing season at Tana Beles Sugar Development Project. Data were collected for sprouting percent, number of tillers, millable stalk, plant height and visual observations were made for diseases, flowering, and over all performances. The results indicated that the clones had highly significant differences for stalk count and plant height indicating the availability of high genetic variability among the genotypes studied regarding these trait. Thus, based on the stalk count and cane height performances and by considering visual observation for flowering, diseases and etc. 46 genotypes were selected. These selected genotypes will be planted with three standard checks in three replications by using Lattice Square Design for to select best performing Sugarcane Genotypes through thoroughly selection procedures.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"110 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76014799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.009
Muluken Gebeyeh, L. Yizengaw
A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2011 to may 2012 to determine the prevalence of coccidial infection and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection in intensive poultry farms and individual small holders poultry farms in Hawassa towns. Regarding the methodology, floatation and McMaster techniques were employed on the faeces collected from randomly selected 384 study chickens and examined for presence of coccidial oocysts. According to the study 250 (65.10%) of chickens were found to be positive for coccidial oocysts and 134 (34.89%) of chickens were negative. Among the potential risk factors assessed, age of chicken (P < 0.05), Breed of chickens (local, Koekoak) (P< 0.05), study site (Wukuro, chefe, korem) (P< 0.05) and management systems of chickens (P= 0.000) were significantly associated with the risk of coccidial infection when analyzed by univarate logistic regression. But age of chickens did not show significance association with the risk of coccidial infection when analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and also management systems of chickens and sex of chickens did not show significance. But breed of chickens (Bovanse (P= 0.010) and local chicken (P= 0.001) reveals significance, study site (wukero, chefe and korem) show significance association with the risk of coccidial infection (P < 0.05) when analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The mean oocyst count analyzed by analysis of variance indicated the existence of significance difference in the mean of oocyst count among the age categories (F=65.50, P=0.00), study site (F=14.48, P= 0.000). Bonferroni multiple comparasion test indicated that the mean oocyst count is significantly greater in chicken of age 6-12 months (P= 0.000) and age less than 6 months of old chickens (P= 0.004). Other two comparasion of mean between age group of 6-12 and age greater than 12 months did not show significance difference (P= 0.059).
{"title":"The Prevalence of Poultry Coccidiosis in Intensive Farm and Indivdual Small Holder Poultry Farm in Hawassa Town District","authors":"Muluken Gebeyeh, L. Yizengaw","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2011 to may 2012 to determine the prevalence of coccidial infection and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection in intensive poultry farms and individual small holders poultry farms in Hawassa towns. Regarding the methodology, floatation and McMaster techniques were employed on the faeces collected from randomly selected 384 study chickens and examined for presence of coccidial oocysts. According to the study 250 (65.10%) of chickens were found to be positive for coccidial oocysts and 134 (34.89%) of chickens were negative. Among the potential risk factors assessed, age of chicken (P < 0.05), Breed of chickens (local, Koekoak) (P< 0.05), study site (Wukuro, chefe, korem) (P< 0.05) and management systems of chickens (P= 0.000) were significantly associated with the risk of coccidial infection when analyzed by univarate logistic regression. But age of chickens did not show significance association with the risk of coccidial infection when analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and also management systems of chickens and sex of chickens did not show significance. But breed of chickens (Bovanse (P= 0.010) and local chicken (P= 0.001) reveals significance, study site (wukero, chefe and korem) show significance association with the risk of coccidial infection (P < 0.05) when analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The mean oocyst count analyzed by analysis of variance indicated the existence of significance difference in the mean of oocyst count among the age categories (F=65.50, P=0.00), study site (F=14.48, P= 0.000). Bonferroni multiple comparasion test indicated that the mean oocyst count is significantly greater in chicken of age 6-12 months (P= 0.000) and age less than 6 months of old chickens (P= 0.004). Other two comparasion of mean between age group of 6-12 and age greater than 12 months did not show significance difference (P= 0.059).","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87656733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.015
M. P. Srikumaran, P. K. Kaleena, V. Maheswari, G. Rekha, D. Elumalai
Gunapasalem, an organic foliar spray rich in protein, amino acid and humic acid is prepared from marine fish waste available in the market at a very economical price. Jaggery and non-chlorinated water are added to it to enhance fermentation and solubilizing complex molecules to simpler ones to ease plant assimilation. The role of Gunapasalem in the growth of Abelmoschus spin comparison with chemical fertilizers that are widely used at present by the farmers are studied and articulated through this study. This experimental study also explains the benefits of organic farming as a method to sustain soil and environmental safety.
{"title":"Effect of organic foliar spray – Gunapasalem on growth and yield of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra)","authors":"M. P. Srikumaran, P. K. Kaleena, V. Maheswari, G. Rekha, D. Elumalai","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"Gunapasalem, an organic foliar spray rich in protein, amino acid and humic acid is prepared from marine fish waste available in the market at a very economical price. Jaggery and non-chlorinated water are added to it to enhance fermentation and solubilizing complex molecules to simpler ones to ease plant assimilation. The role of Gunapasalem in the growth of Abelmoschus spin comparison with chemical fertilizers that are widely used at present by the farmers are studied and articulated through this study. This experimental study also explains the benefits of organic farming as a method to sustain soil and environmental safety.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88422354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.010
N. Ravimannan, A. Nisansala
Fruits and vegetables are very good sources of antioxidants those consist of many different antioxidant components. The antioxidant activity can be varied among fruits and vegetables. Each fruits and vegetables containing different kind of antioxidants as well as this can be varied among the species to species as well as climates. There are several in vitro methods to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables. This review was carried out to study the antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables and how it varies with the climate conditions.
{"title":"Study on antioxidant activity in fruits and vegetables – A Review","authors":"N. Ravimannan, A. Nisansala","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits and vegetables are very good sources of antioxidants those consist of many different antioxidant components. The antioxidant activity can be varied among fruits and vegetables. Each fruits and vegetables containing different kind of antioxidants as well as this can be varied among the species to species as well as climates. There are several in vitro methods to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables. This review was carried out to study the antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables and how it varies with the climate conditions.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"79 1 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90930450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.016
S. Deepalakshmi, D. Jeyabalan
The methanol leaf extracts of Glochidion neilgherrense, Cinnamomum wightii and Leucas linifolia are highly toxic even at low doses proven to be useful for larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. The extraction of Glochidion neilgherrense, Cinnamomum wightii and Leucas linifolia are dose dependent and the mortality of the larvae increases as the doses of the sample were increased. Among all the instars, the fourth instar larvae were less susceptible to the plant extracts than first instar larvae. The mortality caused by some neural and muscular disturbance by the presence of variety of active compounds such as cytotoxic diterperiods, lactones and flavonoids in the plants. It was observed that the increase in concentration of extracts increased the potential activity of biocides against Culex quinquefasciatus. The decrease in egg hatchability was found to be dose dependent. There was increase in the larval-pupal duration, developmental duration, decrease in fecundity and egg hatchability, biting deterrency, in our study. The extract showed ovipositional deterrence and effective repellence against Culex quinquefasciatus at different concentration, with the observation on that maximal egg were laid in lower concentration of the extract and control. In oviposition deterrent and gravid mortality assay, the OAI values also indicated that the gravid and oviposited females were repelled by extracts and the reduced oviposition was due to the greater mortality of adults before they oviposited, caused by treatment of plant extract which contained of variety of active compounds. All the concentration of plant extracts hared promising mosquito repellency properties when tested against the adult mosquitoes of Culex quinquefasciatus. In the biting deterrency results, increasing in the concentration of plant extracts from 1% to 4% was found to increase the biting deterrency percentage.
{"title":"Studies on Mosquitocidal and biological activity of endemic plants of Nilgiris Hills against filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"S. Deepalakshmi, D. Jeyabalan","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"The methanol leaf extracts of Glochidion neilgherrense, Cinnamomum wightii and Leucas linifolia are highly toxic even at low doses proven to be useful for larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. The extraction of Glochidion neilgherrense, Cinnamomum wightii and Leucas linifolia are dose dependent and the mortality of the larvae increases as the doses of the sample were increased. Among all the instars, the fourth instar larvae were less susceptible to the plant extracts than first instar larvae. The mortality caused by some neural and muscular disturbance by the presence of variety of active compounds such as cytotoxic diterperiods, lactones and flavonoids in the plants. It was observed that the increase in concentration of extracts increased the potential activity of biocides against Culex quinquefasciatus. The decrease in egg hatchability was found to be dose dependent. There was increase in the larval-pupal duration, developmental duration, decrease in fecundity and egg hatchability, biting deterrency, in our study. The extract showed ovipositional deterrence and effective repellence against Culex quinquefasciatus at different concentration, with the observation on that maximal egg were laid in lower concentration of the extract and control. In oviposition deterrent and gravid mortality assay, the OAI values also indicated that the gravid and oviposited females were repelled by extracts and the reduced oviposition was due to the greater mortality of adults before they oviposited, caused by treatment of plant extract which contained of variety of active compounds. All the concentration of plant extracts hared promising mosquito repellency properties when tested against the adult mosquitoes of Culex quinquefasciatus. In the biting deterrency results, increasing in the concentration of plant extracts from 1% to 4% was found to increase the biting deterrency percentage.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"415 1","pages":"137-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84897831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.013
D. Raut
Worldwide, about 150 million people are diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTI) annually. Treatment of these common infectious diseases has become difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains like ESBL (extended spectrum βlactamase) producers. Pathogenic organisms are unlikely to develop resistance against herbs that are blend of active compounds. The plant used in present study was Stevia rebaudiana which is traditionally used as a source of natural sweetener. Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract and four solvent extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and ethanol) of Stevia rebaudiana leaves were investigated against 49 ESBL producing uropathogens. The methanol extract showed zone of inhibition in the range of 18-24mm as compared to aqueous extract which showed negligible zone of inhibition against the uropathogens. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was found to be in range of 10 mg/ml 20mg/ml. Methanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana also showed synergistic activity along with ampicillin, thereby reducing the MBC of ampicillin from 10mg/ml to 200-300μg/ml. The antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana was checked by DPPH method. The IC50 values of methanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana and standard ascorbic acid were found to be 32.765 μg/ml and 6.474μg/ml respectively. The phytochemicals present in Stevia rebaudiana were analysed by HR-LCMS and confirmed the presence of eight major components including terpenes, flavanoids and Quinones that might be responsible for its antibacterial activity.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of Stevia rebaudiana against antibiotic resistant ESBL producing uropathogens and evaluation of its antioxidant activity","authors":"D. Raut","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, about 150 million people are diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTI) annually. Treatment of these common infectious diseases has become difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains like ESBL (extended spectrum βlactamase) producers. Pathogenic organisms are unlikely to develop resistance against herbs that are blend of active compounds. The plant used in present study was Stevia rebaudiana which is traditionally used as a source of natural sweetener. Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract and four solvent extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and ethanol) of Stevia rebaudiana leaves were investigated against 49 ESBL producing uropathogens. The methanol extract showed zone of inhibition in the range of 18-24mm as compared to aqueous extract which showed negligible zone of inhibition against the uropathogens. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was found to be in range of 10 mg/ml 20mg/ml. Methanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana also showed synergistic activity along with ampicillin, thereby reducing the MBC of ampicillin from 10mg/ml to 200-300μg/ml. The antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana was checked by DPPH method. The IC50 values of methanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana and standard ascorbic acid were found to be 32.765 μg/ml and 6.474μg/ml respectively. The phytochemicals present in Stevia rebaudiana were analysed by HR-LCMS and confirmed the presence of eight major components including terpenes, flavanoids and Quinones that might be responsible for its antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"607 1","pages":"110-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85325973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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