Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.008
J. Dharmaraj, B. Ramakrishnan
Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) becomes a serious issue in all elephant ranges. The elephant population is building up when compared to past few decades due various management implications made by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department. Thus resulted various human-elephant conflict issues such as human injuries and deaths, loss of properties and crops and deaths of elephants, etc. During such forays, managing elephant population is purely depending on local people as they lives many years. Hence, considering the importance, this short term study was attempted in order to understand people’s mind set on elephant conservation in the Gudalur Forest Division. This study was carried from January to March 2013 and the objectives of the project were a) To estimate socio-economic status of local people, b) To understand mind set of the local people elephant and its conservation Problems, c) To record solution to mitigate human-elephant conflict issues, d) To document various mitigating measures used by the local people against human-elephant conflicts.Questionnaire surveywas used to identify various humanelephant conflict mitigating measures displayed by the local people. 200 people were interviewed during the present investigation. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate factor such as frequency of elephant visits, and data was collected from various agricultural field persons (n=200) including children’s and parents. The questionnaire survey method was done in 16 villages was covered namely to Bennai (n=17), Pitharkaadu (n=16), Silver cloud estate, Oovelly and Paadanthorai (n=15), Dhevalai, (n=16), Moolakadu estate (n=10), Yellamalai estate (n=18), Neermattam, Erumaadu (n=10) (2×10=20), Keel Naadukani (n=16), Soondy, Gandhinagar, Cherampady (n=7) (3×7=21), Kolapalli (n=15), Naadukani (n=8). Variables such as name, occupation, years of living data were collected.Most of the people (n=110) opined that the elephant visits were became high in the past 5 years. 121 people were told that all the visits were made by the elephants only during night times.
{"title":"People’s Perception On Human-Elephant Conflicts In Gudalur Forest Division, Tamilnadu","authors":"J. Dharmaraj, B. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) becomes a serious issue in all elephant ranges. The elephant population is building up when compared to past few decades due various management implications made by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department. Thus resulted various human-elephant conflict issues such as human injuries and deaths, loss of properties and crops and deaths of elephants, etc. During such forays, managing elephant population is purely depending on local people as they lives many years. Hence, considering the importance, this short term study was attempted in order to understand people’s mind set on elephant conservation in the Gudalur Forest Division. This study was carried from January to March 2013 and the objectives of the project were a) To estimate socio-economic status of local people, b) To understand mind set of the local people elephant and its conservation Problems, c) To record solution to mitigate human-elephant conflict issues, d) To document various mitigating measures used by the local people against human-elephant conflicts.Questionnaire surveywas used to identify various humanelephant conflict mitigating measures displayed by the local people. 200 people were interviewed during the present investigation. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate factor such as frequency of elephant visits, and data was collected from various agricultural field persons (n=200) including children’s and parents. The questionnaire survey method was done in 16 villages was covered namely to Bennai (n=17), Pitharkaadu (n=16), Silver cloud estate, Oovelly and Paadanthorai (n=15), Dhevalai, (n=16), Moolakadu estate (n=10), Yellamalai estate (n=18), Neermattam, Erumaadu (n=10) (2×10=20), Keel Naadukani (n=16), Soondy, Gandhinagar, Cherampady (n=7) (3×7=21), Kolapalli (n=15), Naadukani (n=8). Variables such as name, occupation, years of living data were collected.Most of the people (n=110) opined that the elephant visits were became high in the past 5 years. 121 people were told that all the visits were made by the elephants only during night times.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73905812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.005
H. Rezk, N. Shaker
The present study provides detailed anatomical description of the parotid and mandibular salivary glands of the one humped camel with their segmentation based on arterial blood supply and salivary ducts; to facilitate partial removal of the pathologic gland. The shape, position, relations and blood supply of both salivary glands with their ducts were studied on six cadaveric heads. The mandibular and parotid ducts were injected with Urographin® as contrast medium; through inserting the catheter into their openings in the oral cavity; then applying lateral radiography immediately after the injection. The common carotid arteries were injected with red Latex Neoprene and dissected. The parotid gland was irregular rectangular and had five processes while the mandibular gland was irregular triangular with rounded proximal and pointed distal extremity. The parotid duct enters the oral cavity on the cheek opposite the upper 4th molar tooth. The mandibular duct opens in the oral cavity at the sublingual caruncles on the sublingual floor, just about 2cm cranial to frenulum linguae. Both The parotid and the mandibular salivary glands could be divided into four segments. Partial removal of the pathologic parotid or mandibular salivary glands could be performed based on their segmentation. Tumor arrest could be established by ligation of the arterial supply of specific part of the gland.
{"title":"Parotid and Mandibular Salivary Glands Segmentation Of The One Humped Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"H. Rezk, N. Shaker","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"The present study provides detailed anatomical description of the parotid and mandibular salivary glands of the one humped camel with their segmentation based on arterial blood supply and salivary ducts; to facilitate partial removal of the pathologic gland. The shape, position, relations and blood supply of both salivary glands with their ducts were studied on six cadaveric heads. The mandibular and parotid ducts were injected with Urographin® as contrast medium; through inserting the catheter into their openings in the oral cavity; then applying lateral radiography immediately after the injection. The common carotid arteries were injected with red Latex Neoprene and dissected. The parotid gland was irregular rectangular and had five processes while the mandibular gland was irregular triangular with rounded proximal and pointed distal extremity. The parotid duct enters the oral cavity on the cheek opposite the upper 4th molar tooth. The mandibular duct opens in the oral cavity at the sublingual caruncles on the sublingual floor, just about 2cm cranial to frenulum linguae. Both The parotid and the mandibular salivary glands could be divided into four segments. Partial removal of the pathologic parotid or mandibular salivary glands could be performed based on their segmentation. Tumor arrest could be established by ligation of the arterial supply of specific part of the gland.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89316966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.002
Abd El Basset El Sharaawy, H. Ezzat, Amr Mohab, Doaa Elwasly
Background Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) are two major diabetes complications . The aim of study to evaluate renal function in diabetic foot ulcers patients. Methods 75 adulttype2 DM patients were enrolled, divided into 2 groups , group 1 ,50 patients with active diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and group 2 , 25 patients without , excluding diabetics with ESRD or undergoing hemodialysis. The number of DFU episodes and highest stages were recorded according to internationally accepted classifications of Wagner and Armstrong. Serum creatinine, urea, HbA1C, lipid profiles, urinalysis, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. eGFR was estimated using (MDRD). Results DFU patients were older, exhibited higher HbA1c, longer diabetes duration, higher mean systolic blood pressure, higher serum creatinine and lower eGFR. Patients with DFU had higher incidence of complications. There was increased prevalence of foot ulcers by increasing degree of renal impairment. There was increased prevalence of foot ulcers with increasing degree of albuminuria. In group 1, there was significant correlation between Wagner stages of DFU and eGFR and Armstrong stages of DFU and eGFR. Conclusion There was strong association between degree of renal impairment and DFU. CKD diabetic patients should regularly be screened for DFS.
{"title":"Association between Renal Function and Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"Abd El Basset El Sharaawy, H. Ezzat, Amr Mohab, Doaa Elwasly","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) are two major diabetes complications . The aim of study to evaluate renal function in diabetic foot ulcers patients. Methods 75 adulttype2 DM patients were enrolled, divided into 2 groups , group 1 ,50 patients with active diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and group 2 , 25 patients without , excluding diabetics with ESRD or undergoing hemodialysis. The number of DFU episodes and highest stages were recorded according to internationally accepted classifications of Wagner and Armstrong. Serum creatinine, urea, HbA1C, lipid profiles, urinalysis, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. eGFR was estimated using (MDRD). Results DFU patients were older, exhibited higher HbA1c, longer diabetes duration, higher mean systolic blood pressure, higher serum creatinine and lower eGFR. Patients with DFU had higher incidence of complications. There was increased prevalence of foot ulcers by increasing degree of renal impairment. There was increased prevalence of foot ulcers with increasing degree of albuminuria. In group 1, there was significant correlation between Wagner stages of DFU and eGFR and Armstrong stages of DFU and eGFR. Conclusion There was strong association between degree of renal impairment and DFU. CKD diabetic patients should regularly be screened for DFS.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79863935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.11.004
R. Kalaimani, M. Mustafa
Back ground: Rasa chenduram is one of the siddha shastricherbomineral formulation containing Rasam [hydragyram], Gandhagam [sulphur], and aridharam [arsenic trisulphide] were indicated for many chronic skin diseases like parangisogai, kiranthi, kuttarogam, thaadhunattam, lingaputtru, vippuruthi from the classical text pulippanivaidhiyam undergone preclinical study and clinical study with the approval from iec committee from our institution. Materials and methods: Acute oral toxicity 423 and sub acute oral toxicity studies 407 were carried out in wister albino rats of body weight 150-200 gms of 6-8 weeks with the proper approval from IAEC committee. Conclusion: this study reveals the oral administration of rasa chenduram in wister albino rats with the dose of 9mg/kg body weight showed no significant changes in haematological, pathological, behavioural movements.
{"title":"Acute and subacute oral toxicity study of Rasa chenduram","authors":"R. Kalaimani, M. Mustafa","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: Rasa chenduram is one of the siddha shastricherbomineral formulation containing Rasam [hydragyram], Gandhagam [sulphur], and aridharam [arsenic trisulphide] were indicated for many chronic skin diseases like parangisogai, kiranthi, kuttarogam, thaadhunattam, lingaputtru, vippuruthi from the classical text pulippanivaidhiyam undergone preclinical study and clinical study with the approval from iec committee from our institution. Materials and methods: Acute oral toxicity 423 and sub acute oral toxicity studies 407 were carried out in wister albino rats of body weight 150-200 gms of 6-8 weeks with the proper approval from IAEC committee. Conclusion: this study reveals the oral administration of rasa chenduram in wister albino rats with the dose of 9mg/kg body weight showed no significant changes in haematological, pathological, behavioural movements.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74119069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-30DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.10.022
A. SomaPrabha, Prabakaran.
The silkworm, Bombyx mori L (Lepidotera: Bombycidae), as a model for Lepidoptera, is an agriculturally important insect for silk production. It is very heat sensitive organism. It mainly feeds on mulberry leaves, although tricuspid cudrania leaves can also act as the forage of the larvae. In the present study to isolate the microorganism from mid gut of silk worms. Screening the lipase producing bacteria in Rhodamine B agar. Characterize the efficient lipase producing isolate by morphological and biochemical characterization methods. To study the growth curve assay for lipase producing bacteria. To perform lipase assay using olive oil substrate, the factors influencing lipase enzyme production. To estimate the weight of protein quantitatively by Lowry’s et a l method. The role of heat shock protein with thermal and UV stress and the protein profiling by SDS-PAGE. Molecular characterization of the isolate by 16Sr RNA sequencing.
家蚕(Bombyx mori L .，鳞翅目:家蚕科)是鳞翅目的典型代表，是重要的农业产丝昆虫。这是一种对热非常敏感的生物。它主要以桑叶为食，尽管三尖叶也可以作为幼虫的饲料。本研究从蚕蛹中肠分离微生物。罗丹明B琼脂中脂肪酶产菌的筛选。通过形态学和生化表征方法对高效产脂肪酶分离物进行了表征。目的:研究脂肪酶产菌的生长曲线测定方法。以橄榄油为底物进行脂肪酶测定，探讨脂肪酶产酶的影响因素。用劳瑞法定量估计蛋白质的重量。热休克蛋白在高温和紫外线胁迫下的作用及SDS-PAGE分析。通过16Sr RNA测序对分离物进行分子鉴定。
{"title":"Molecular analysis of heat shock protein with different stress and lipase production from the gut associated microorganisms of Bombyx mori. L","authors":"A. SomaPrabha, Prabakaran.","doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.10.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"The silkworm, Bombyx mori L (Lepidotera: Bombycidae), as a model for Lepidoptera, is an agriculturally important insect for silk production. It is very heat sensitive organism. It mainly feeds on mulberry leaves, although tricuspid cudrania leaves can also act as the forage of the larvae. In the present study to isolate the microorganism from mid gut of silk worms. Screening the lipase producing bacteria in Rhodamine B agar. Characterize the efficient lipase producing isolate by morphological and biochemical characterization methods. To study the growth curve assay for lipase producing bacteria. To perform lipase assay using olive oil substrate, the factors influencing lipase enzyme production. To estimate the weight of protein quantitatively by Lowry’s et a l method. The role of heat shock protein with thermal and UV stress and the protein profiling by SDS-PAGE. Molecular characterization of the isolate by 16Sr RNA sequencing.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86376426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.019
Abhilasha Srivastava
Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) is an important medicinal plant being used in liver ailments, snake bite, diabetes, fever and stomach disorders. In order to study the response of kalmegh to various manure combinations, an experiment was conducted at department of Botany, P.P.N. College, Kanpur. As a result, application of 25 kg/ha N as vermicompost, + 12.5 kg / ha P + 25 kg/ha K +Azotobacter+ Azospirillum+ PSB recorded the highest growth parameters.
{"title":"Role of biofertilizers in combination with organic and inorganic nutrient sources in enhancement of growth in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)","authors":"Abhilasha Srivastava","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) is an important medicinal plant being used in liver ailments, snake bite, diabetes, fever and stomach disorders. In order to study the response of kalmegh to various manure combinations, an experiment was conducted at department of Botany, P.P.N. College, Kanpur. As a result, application of 25 kg/ha N as vermicompost, + 12.5 kg / ha P + 25 kg/ha K +Azotobacter+ Azospirillum+ PSB recorded the highest growth parameters.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":"147-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74663717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.011
J. Nisha
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia or increased blood glucose levels with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from absolute or relative lack of insulin secretion. The important pathogenic factors responsible for the development of metabolic disorder, insulin resistance, β-cells dysfunction, and finally diabetes are oxidative stress and tissue specific systemic inflammation. It was proven that drug which selectively inhibit the enzyme Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) benefit the insulin resistance diabetes. As the DPP-4 highly involved in the enzymatic degradation of GLP-1 and GIP required for insulin secretion. Due to increased adverse event caused by conventional anti-diabetic agents researchers are at constant need of exploring alternate therapeutic strategy for clinical management of diabetes mellitus. Siddha system of traditional medicine through its valuable phytocomponents therapy provides highly beneficial effects in treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes since several centuries. The main aim of the resent investigation is to screen the seven bioactive phytocomponents such as Beta Sitosterol, Glabrin, Kanjone, Pongol, Sterolin, Pinnantin, and Quercetin present in the formulation Pungampoo Chooranam (PPC) against target protein Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with PDB code 2P8S along with the standard sitagliptine using computational docking analysis. The results of the present investigation clearly shows that all the seven compound screened Insilco has tendency to binding with the most significant active site 205 GLU,206 GLU,209 SER,357 PHE,358 ARG,547 TYR, 710 ASN,711VALand 740 HIS present on the target protein DDP-4 which may be responsible for degradation of GLP-1 and GIPand hence from this it was concluded that the bioactive phytocomponents present in the formulation Pungampoo Chooranam (PPC) has significant DDP-4 enzyme inhibition activity and there by promising anti-diabetic activity and may also be effective in clinical management of diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Molecular Docking Analysis of Potential Dipeptidyl peptidase - 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors from Siddha formulation Pungampoo Chooranam for treating Diabetes mellitus","authors":"J. Nisha","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia or increased blood glucose levels with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from absolute or relative lack of insulin secretion. The important pathogenic factors responsible for the development of metabolic disorder, insulin resistance, β-cells dysfunction, and finally diabetes are oxidative stress and tissue specific systemic inflammation. It was proven that drug which selectively inhibit the enzyme Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) benefit the insulin resistance diabetes. As the DPP-4 highly involved in the enzymatic degradation of GLP-1 and GIP required for insulin secretion. Due to increased adverse event caused by conventional anti-diabetic agents researchers are at constant need of exploring alternate therapeutic strategy for clinical management of diabetes mellitus. Siddha system of traditional medicine through its valuable phytocomponents therapy provides highly beneficial effects in treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes since several centuries. The main aim of the resent investigation is to screen the seven bioactive phytocomponents such as Beta Sitosterol, Glabrin, Kanjone, Pongol, Sterolin, Pinnantin, and Quercetin present in the formulation Pungampoo Chooranam (PPC) against target protein Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with PDB code 2P8S along with the standard sitagliptine using computational docking analysis. The results of the present investigation clearly shows that all the seven compound screened Insilco has tendency to binding with the most significant active site 205 GLU,206 GLU,209 SER,357 PHE,358 ARG,547 TYR, 710 ASN,711VALand 740 HIS present on the target protein DDP-4 which may be responsible for degradation of GLP-1 and GIPand hence from this it was concluded that the bioactive phytocomponents present in the formulation Pungampoo Chooranam (PPC) has significant DDP-4 enzyme inhibition activity and there by promising anti-diabetic activity and may also be effective in clinical management of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78583803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.009
F. A. Al-Nefeiy
The hyoid skeleton of the rock dove (Patagioenas livia) is a well developed. It consists of three axial unpaired elements and a paired hyoid horn. The axial skeleton comprises anterior paraglossale, a middle basihyale, and a posterior urohyale. The paired hyoid horn consists of ceratobranchiale and epibranchiale. The hyoid skeletal elements allows sites for attachment of extrinsic an d intrinsic lingual muscles which are forces generate the mechanical structure of the tongue. The retraction of the tongue performs by the contraction of the muscle stylohyoideus. The muscle branchiomandibularis perform the protraction of the tongue. The expression of the anterior part of the tongue must done by the contraction of the muscle ceratoglossus. Bending of this part of the tongue is allowed by the contraction of the muscle hypoglossus anterior.
{"title":"Kinetics Of The Hyoid Skeleton Of The Rock Dove (Patagioenas livia)","authors":"F. A. Al-Nefeiy","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"The hyoid skeleton of the rock dove (Patagioenas livia) is a well developed. It consists of three axial unpaired elements and a paired hyoid horn. The axial skeleton comprises anterior paraglossale, a middle basihyale, and a posterior urohyale. The paired hyoid horn consists of ceratobranchiale and epibranchiale. The hyoid skeletal elements allows sites for attachment of extrinsic an d intrinsic lingual muscles which are forces generate the mechanical structure of the tongue. The retraction of the tongue performs by the contraction of the muscle stylohyoideus. The muscle branchiomandibularis perform the protraction of the tongue. The expression of the anterior part of the tongue must done by the contraction of the muscle ceratoglossus. Bending of this part of the tongue is allowed by the contraction of the muscle hypoglossus anterior.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80941405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.024
Yousif R. Jumaah, F. Rabia
{"title":"Lung lobes pattern in indigenous gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa)","authors":"Yousif R. Jumaah, F. Rabia","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":"185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74646564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-30DOI: 10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.023
Vipan Guleria, Amol Vashist, T. Selvan
Effect of fire on nature, biomass, CO2 flux and carbon sequestration potential of under storey grasses in chir pine forests receiving fire after regular intervals along the altitude and aspect was studied. Species composition, biomass, and productivity patterns of perennial grass communities under Chir-pine dominated forests at different altitudes varied greatly with the level of exploitation and fire incidence. The carbon sequestration by the ground floor species also vary with altitude and fire level. The four types of grass species were found in the fire affected forests viz. Chrysopogon montanus Trin, Apluda mutica, Heteropogon contortus and Themeda anathera. Pure grass land recorded the maximum CO2 mitigation 16.29 mega grams and the CO2 mitigation increased with the altitude at same aspect. Similarly, CO2 mitigation increased from 19.29 to 28.22 mega grams per ha in the soil at different altitude. Forest soils carbon increased from 0.94 % just after the fire and (Zero year after fire) and highest after four years of fire i.e. 1.91 %. The total organic carbon increased up to 41.29 mg hain forest after four years of fire.
{"title":"Studies on CO2 flux and carbon sequestration in natural Grass communities under natural Chir-pine forests of Indian North West Himalayas","authors":"Vipan Guleria, Amol Vashist, T. Selvan","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of fire on nature, biomass, CO2 flux and carbon sequestration potential of under storey grasses in chir pine forests receiving fire after regular intervals along the altitude and aspect was studied. Species composition, biomass, and productivity patterns of perennial grass communities under Chir-pine dominated forests at different altitudes varied greatly with the level of exploitation and fire incidence. The carbon sequestration by the ground floor species also vary with altitude and fire level. The four types of grass species were found in the fire affected forests viz. Chrysopogon montanus Trin, Apluda mutica, Heteropogon contortus and Themeda anathera. Pure grass land recorded the maximum CO2 mitigation 16.29 mega grams and the CO2 mitigation increased with the altitude at same aspect. Similarly, CO2 mitigation increased from 19.29 to 28.22 mega grams per ha in the soil at different altitude. Forest soils carbon increased from 0.94 % just after the fire and (Zero year after fire) and highest after four years of fire i.e. 1.91 %. The total organic carbon increased up to 41.29 mg hain forest after four years of fire.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"179-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78344345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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