G. Susanto, H. Maulana, P. H. Putri, R. D. Purwaningrahayu, A. A. Wijaya, Binastya Anggara Sekti, A. Karuniawan
Selecting high-yielding and stable genotypes is the main goal of black soybean breeding. Testing new lines in multiple environments is one of the development processes in black soybean breeding. The aims of the research were (i) to identify the effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions (GEIs) on the grain yield of soybean lines in Java Island; (ii) to select stable and high-yielding soybean lines; (iii) to determine the discriminative environments; and (iv) to determine the concept of stability measurements on black soybean grain yields. Field trials of 10 new F8 promising lines and three check varieties were conducted under eight different environments during four years (2016–2019). The measurement results showed that the grain yield was influenced by genotype (8.35%), environment (59.49%), and GEIs (32.16%). Grain yield stability measurements showed that the four newly identified lines had high yields and were stable in eight environments; they were A-5A-PSJ (S2), DB-96-CTY (S5), UP 161 (S6), and UP 162 (S7). The Ngawi (2017), followed by Bogor (2019) and Banyuwangi (2016), has the strongest interactive capabilities and is suitable for use as a trial environment. Grain yield (Y) was identified as having a positive and significant correlation ( p < 0.05 ) with S(3), S(6), NP(2), NP(3), NP(4), KR, and YSI stability measurements, which indicated that they were included in the concept of dynamic stability measurement. The selected genotypes can be proposed for the release of new high-yielding black soybean varieties in Indonesia.
{"title":"Stability Analysis to Select the Stable and High Yielding of Black Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril) in Indonesia","authors":"G. Susanto, H. Maulana, P. H. Putri, R. D. Purwaningrahayu, A. A. Wijaya, Binastya Anggara Sekti, A. Karuniawan","doi":"10.1155/2023/7255444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7255444","url":null,"abstract":"Selecting high-yielding and stable genotypes is the main goal of black soybean breeding. Testing new lines in multiple environments is one of the development processes in black soybean breeding. The aims of the research were (i) to identify the effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions (GEIs) on the grain yield of soybean lines in Java Island; (ii) to select stable and high-yielding soybean lines; (iii) to determine the discriminative environments; and (iv) to determine the concept of stability measurements on black soybean grain yields. Field trials of 10 new F8 promising lines and three check varieties were conducted under eight different environments during four years (2016–2019). The measurement results showed that the grain yield was influenced by genotype (8.35%), environment (59.49%), and GEIs (32.16%). Grain yield stability measurements showed that the four newly identified lines had high yields and were stable in eight environments; they were A-5A-PSJ (S2), DB-96-CTY (S5), UP 161 (S6), and UP 162 (S7). The Ngawi (2017), followed by Bogor (2019) and Banyuwangi (2016), has the strongest interactive capabilities and is suitable for use as a trial environment. Grain yield (Y) was identified as having a positive and significant correlation (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) with S(3), S(6), NP(2), NP(3), NP(4), KR, and YSI stability measurements, which indicated that they were included in the concept of dynamic stability measurement. The selected genotypes can be proposed for the release of new high-yielding black soybean varieties in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43464465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Common bean is one of the most traditional foods, with social and economic importance, and is suitable for food security due to its short growing cycle and adaptability to different cropping systems. However, various constraints like biotic and abiotic factors reported for the low productivity of the crop. Therefore, the study was designed to identify the common bean varieties’ response on physiological properties and yield performance under different irrigation intervals in Lath House condition at Hawassa University, Ethiopia, from June, 2020, to September, 2020. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a factorial combination of seven common bean varieties (Awash-1, Awash-2, Dursitu, Fedis, Gofta, Nasir, and Tinike) and three moisture levels, eight day irrigation interval, four day irrigation interval, and daily watering with three replication. There was a significant main and interaction effects among the measured parameters. From those significantly affected parameters, the highest stomata numbers (25) were recorded from the Dursitu variety with a daily irrigation interval. The longest stomata aperture was observed with Gofta (133.76 nm) and Fedis varieties (131.13 nm) to daily irrigation and four day irrigation intervals, respectively. A wider stomata aperture was found in the Awash-1(12.6 nm) variety on a daily irrigation interval, and maximum stomata conductance (193.67) was obtained in the Tinike variety treated with a four day irrigation interval. The maximum relative leaf moisture content (96%) was found on the Awash-1 variety at a four day irrigation interval. Maximum water use efficiency was obtained from the Awash-1 (3.95) variety, which is an insignificant variation with the Awash-2 (3.85) and Gofta varieties (3.85) at a four day irrigation interval. Among the varieties, the highest photosynthesis rate (10.43 μmol·m−2·s−1) and transpiration rate (5.42 mmol·m−2·s−1) were obtained in the Gofta variety treated by a four day irrigation interval. In the photosynthetic pigment analysis, the highest leaf chl-a, chl-b, and chl-a + b concentration was recorded at 2.4 μg/ml, 1.53 g/ml, and 3.93 μg/ml, respectively, in the Gofta variety irrigated at a four days interval. The highest (0.586) chlorophyll fluorescence was obtained in the eight day irrigation interval. The highest proline content was found from the Awash-1 (0.78) variety regarding to drought stress condition. The highest pods plant−1 (9) and seed pod−1 (5) was found in the Awash-2 and Awash-1 varieties, respectively, at a four days irrigation interval and the highest main effect of 100 SW (39.48 g), (28.6 g) was found in the Fedis variety and at a four day irrigating interval, respectively. The maximum yield was obtained from the varieties Awash-1 (7.8 g plant−1) and Gofta (7.36 g plant−1) with a four day irrigated interval and they are also superior at drought condition and Awash-2 varieties are enhanced at waterlogging condition as compared to the other
{"title":"Effect of Moisture Stress on Physiological and Yield Responses of Common Bean Varieties at Lath House Condition, Hawassa University, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Mitike Mulatu Alemu, A. Gedebo, Amsalu Gobena Roro, Tatek Tamiru Geletu","doi":"10.1155/2023/2626225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2626225","url":null,"abstract":"Common bean is one of the most traditional foods, with social and economic importance, and is suitable for food security due to its short growing cycle and adaptability to different cropping systems. However, various constraints like biotic and abiotic factors reported for the low productivity of the crop. Therefore, the study was designed to identify the common bean varieties’ response on physiological properties and yield performance under different irrigation intervals in Lath House condition at Hawassa University, Ethiopia, from June, 2020, to September, 2020. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a factorial combination of seven common bean varieties (Awash-1, Awash-2, Dursitu, Fedis, Gofta, Nasir, and Tinike) and three moisture levels, eight day irrigation interval, four day irrigation interval, and daily watering with three replication. There was a significant main and interaction effects among the measured parameters. From those significantly affected parameters, the highest stomata numbers (25) were recorded from the Dursitu variety with a daily irrigation interval. The longest stomata aperture was observed with Gofta (133.76 nm) and Fedis varieties (131.13 nm) to daily irrigation and four day irrigation intervals, respectively. A wider stomata aperture was found in the Awash-1(12.6 nm) variety on a daily irrigation interval, and maximum stomata conductance (193.67) was obtained in the Tinike variety treated with a four day irrigation interval. The maximum relative leaf moisture content (96%) was found on the Awash-1 variety at a four day irrigation interval. Maximum water use efficiency was obtained from the Awash-1 (3.95) variety, which is an insignificant variation with the Awash-2 (3.85) and Gofta varieties (3.85) at a four day irrigation interval. Among the varieties, the highest photosynthesis rate (10.43 μmol·m−2·s−1) and transpiration rate (5.42 mmol·m−2·s−1) were obtained in the Gofta variety treated by a four day irrigation interval. In the photosynthetic pigment analysis, the highest leaf chl-a, chl-b, and chl-a + b concentration was recorded at 2.4 μg/ml, 1.53 g/ml, and 3.93 μg/ml, respectively, in the Gofta variety irrigated at a four days interval. The highest (0.586) chlorophyll fluorescence was obtained in the eight day irrigation interval. The highest proline content was found from the Awash-1 (0.78) variety regarding to drought stress condition. The highest pods plant−1 (9) and seed pod−1 (5) was found in the Awash-2 and Awash-1 varieties, respectively, at a four days irrigation interval and the highest main effect of 100 SW (39.48 g), (28.6 g) was found in the Fedis variety and at a four day irrigating interval, respectively. The maximum yield was obtained from the varieties Awash-1 (7.8 g plant−1) and Gofta (7.36 g plant−1) with a four day irrigated interval and they are also superior at drought condition and Awash-2 varieties are enhanced at waterlogging condition as compared to the other","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":"1065 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Quiñones-Huatangari, A. E. Huaccha-Castillo, F. H. Fernandez-Zarate, Eli Morales-Rojas, Jenny Del Milagro Marrufo-Jiménez, Leslie Lizbeth Mejía-Córdova
Seed germination is the fundamental phenomenon that determines the successful growth and development of each plant species, even more so in Cinchona officinalis, which is a forest species that stands out for its medicinal importance. The objective of this work was to determine the best sigmoidal mathematical model describing the germination of C. officinalis. For the germination test, a completely randomized design was used with six treatments and three replicates per treatment; 100°C. officinalis seeds were used per replicate, and 1800 seeds were needed in the trial. Gompertz sigmoidal, logistic, and von Bertalanffy models were used to analyse the germination curves of C. officinalis. The results of these adjustments were analysed based on the graphic representation and statistical criteria (Akaike’s value ( A I C ), R 2 , and R a i 2 ). The results suggest that the Gompertz and logistic models have a better graphic representation, showing values close to those observed, while the von Bertalanffy model shows negative germination values. According to the statistical criteria, the lowest AIC and the highest were obtained. R 2 and R a i 2 with the Gompertz model, followed by the logistic model and von Bertalanffy. It is concluded that the Gompertz model can represent the shape of the germination curves of C. officinalis for the six treatments of the test.
种子发芽是决定每个植物物种成功生长和发育的基本现象，金鸡纳更是如此，这是一种具有重要药用价值的森林物种。本工作的目的是确定最佳的s形数学模型来描述马蹄莲的萌发。发芽试验采用完全随机设计，6个处理，每个处理3个重复;100°C。每个重复使用马蹄草种子，试验需用马蹄草种子1800粒。采用Gompertz s型模型、logistic模型和von Bertalanffy模型分析了黄皮草的萌发曲线。根据图形表示和统计标准(赤池值(A I C)、r2和r2)对这些调整的结果进行分析。结果表明，Gompertz和logistic模型具有更好的图形表示，显示的值与观测值接近，而von Bertalanffy模型显示的是负萌发值。根据统计标准，得到最低AIC和最高AIC。R 2和R i2用Gompertz模型，然后是logistic模型和von Bertalanffy。结果表明，Gompertz模型能较好地反映6个试验处理下马齿苋的萌发曲线形状。
{"title":"Analysis of Germination Curves of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) Using Sigmoidal Mathematical Models","authors":"L. Quiñones-Huatangari, A. E. Huaccha-Castillo, F. H. Fernandez-Zarate, Eli Morales-Rojas, Jenny Del Milagro Marrufo-Jiménez, Leslie Lizbeth Mejía-Córdova","doi":"10.1155/2023/1360608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1360608","url":null,"abstract":"Seed germination is the fundamental phenomenon that determines the successful growth and development of each plant species, even more so in Cinchona officinalis, which is a forest species that stands out for its medicinal importance. The objective of this work was to determine the best sigmoidal mathematical model describing the germination of C. officinalis. For the germination test, a completely randomized design was used with six treatments and three replicates per treatment; 100°C. officinalis seeds were used per replicate, and 1800 seeds were needed in the trial. Gompertz sigmoidal, logistic, and von Bertalanffy models were used to analyse the germination curves of C. officinalis. The results of these adjustments were analysed based on the graphic representation and statistical criteria (Akaike’s value (\u0000 \u0000 A\u0000 I\u0000 C\u0000 \u0000 ), \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 R\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 , and \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 R\u0000 \u0000 a\u0000 i\u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ). The results suggest that the Gompertz and logistic models have a better graphic representation, showing values close to those observed, while the von Bertalanffy model shows negative germination values. According to the statistical criteria, the lowest AIC and the highest were obtained. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 R\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 R\u0000 \u0000 a\u0000 i\u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 with the Gompertz model, followed by the logistic model and von Bertalanffy. It is concluded that the Gompertz model can represent the shape of the germination curves of C. officinalis for the six treatments of the test.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41962114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mussa Kamanula, Chimuleke Yangontha Munthali, John Finias Kamanula
Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) is an indigenous fruit tree that is revered for its numerous socioeconomic contributions to human livelihood. Among others, the species is an important source of seed oil that is utilized in various domestic and industrial applications. This study was carried out to assess the yield and physicochemical properties of seed oils among nine international provenances of Sclerocarya birrea (subspecies caffra and birrea) planted in Malawi. Seed oils were obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method while quality parameters were determined using procedures described by the Malawi Bureau of Standards. Oil yield was highest (52.2%) in subspecies birrea (Missira provenance; Mali). Oil moisture content, free fatty acids, acid value, and peroxide value ranged from 0.06 to 076%, 1.96 to 4.07%, 3.91 to 8.13 mg·KOH/g, and 1.84 to 5.15 meq·KOH/g, respectively. Variations in oil yield and physicochemical properties could be attributed to genetic differences and the origin of genotypes. The selection of Sclerocarya birrea for oil production and use should be based on both provenance and subspecies levels. Further studies should study the heritability of the oil content and its physicochemical properties before conclusive decisions on the use of seed for propagation are carried out.
{"title":"Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Seed Oils among Nine International Provenances Tested in Malawi","authors":"Mussa Kamanula, Chimuleke Yangontha Munthali, John Finias Kamanula","doi":"10.1155/2022/7145113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7145113","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) is an indigenous fruit tree that is revered for its numerous socioeconomic contributions to human livelihood. Among others, the species is an important source of seed oil that is utilized in various domestic and industrial applications. This study was carried out to assess the yield and physicochemical properties of seed oils among nine international provenances of Sclerocarya birrea (subspecies caffra and birrea) planted in Malawi. Seed oils were obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method while quality parameters were determined using procedures described by the Malawi Bureau of Standards. Oil yield was highest (52.2%) in subspecies birrea (Missira provenance; Mali). Oil moisture content, free fatty acids, acid value, and peroxide value ranged from 0.06 to 076%, 1.96 to 4.07%, 3.91 to 8.13 mg·KOH/g, and 1.84 to 5.15 meq·KOH/g, respectively. Variations in oil yield and physicochemical properties could be attributed to genetic differences and the origin of genotypes. The selection of Sclerocarya birrea for oil production and use should be based on both provenance and subspecies levels. Further studies should study the heritability of the oil content and its physicochemical properties before conclusive decisions on the use of seed for propagation are carried out.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44102367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Adjei, W. Esuma, T. Alicai, R. Bhattacharjee, I. Dramadri, R. Agaba, E. Chamba, T. Odong
A proper understanding of the diversity of the available germplasm is an initial step for the genetic improvement of a crop through breeding. However, there is limited information on the diversity of Uganda’s yam germplasm. The study sought to characterize the diversity of yam germplasm utilized for decades in Uganda together with germplasm recently introduced from West Africa using phenotypic traits. A germplasm collection of 291 genotypes was characterized using 28 phenotypic traits. Data were subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The traits assessed were informative and discriminating, with 62% of the total variation explained among the first six principal components. Results showed that the important phenotypic traits contributing to most of the variability among the genotypes were leaves, flowering, and tuber traits. Ugandan genotypes were identified with amorphous tuber shapes compared to West African genotypes. The study has shown that there is ample phenotypic variability within the major yam genotypes in Uganda yam germplasm that can be used for genetic improvement. More in-depth molecular and biochemical studies to further understand the diversity are recommended. The preprint was made available by research square in the following link: “https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1518551/v1.”
{"title":"Phenotypic Diversity within Ugandan Yam (Dioscorea species) Germplasm Collection","authors":"E. Adjei, W. Esuma, T. Alicai, R. Bhattacharjee, I. Dramadri, R. Agaba, E. Chamba, T. Odong","doi":"10.1155/2022/5826012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5826012","url":null,"abstract":"A proper understanding of the diversity of the available germplasm is an initial step for the genetic improvement of a crop through breeding. However, there is limited information on the diversity of Uganda’s yam germplasm. The study sought to characterize the diversity of yam germplasm utilized for decades in Uganda together with germplasm recently introduced from West Africa using phenotypic traits. A germplasm collection of 291 genotypes was characterized using 28 phenotypic traits. Data were subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The traits assessed were informative and discriminating, with 62% of the total variation explained among the first six principal components. Results showed that the important phenotypic traits contributing to most of the variability among the genotypes were leaves, flowering, and tuber traits. Ugandan genotypes were identified with amorphous tuber shapes compared to West African genotypes. The study has shown that there is ample phenotypic variability within the major yam genotypes in Uganda yam germplasm that can be used for genetic improvement. More in-depth molecular and biochemical studies to further understand the diversity are recommended. The preprint was made available by research square in the following link: “https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1518551/v1.”","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41735396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aberathna, D. Satharasinghe, A. Jayasooriya, R. Jinadasa, S. Manopriya, B. Jayaweera, C. Fernando, W. Weerathilake, G. Prathapasinghe, J. Liyanage, J. Premarathne
Phosphorous (P) is a nonrenewable and one of the most important macronutrients for all living organisms. The formation of complexes with cations such as Al, Fe, and Ca reduces the solubility of P leading to limiting the absorption of P by plants. Therefore, we need to apply excessive amounts of P through conventional fertilizers. However, plants can use only a small portion of P of these added fertilizers whenever those become unavailable. Therefore, utilizing excess amounts of phosphate as fertilizers can lead to various environmental issues like eutrophication. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) have the ability to solubilize soil phosphate through the production of organic acids, inorganic acids, enzymes, protons, siderophores, and exopolysaccharides resulting in the absorption of P by plants. The application of PSM has the potential to be used as an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable approach that can replace traditional fertilizers. This review aimed to give an overview of the diversity of PSM, methods of P solubilization, current trends, and technological advances that can assist in using PSM to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
{"title":"Increasing the Bioavailability of Phosphate by Using Microorganisms","authors":"A. Aberathna, D. Satharasinghe, A. Jayasooriya, R. Jinadasa, S. Manopriya, B. Jayaweera, C. Fernando, W. Weerathilake, G. Prathapasinghe, J. Liyanage, J. Premarathne","doi":"10.1155/2022/4305501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4305501","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorous (P) is a nonrenewable and one of the most important macronutrients for all living organisms. The formation of complexes with cations such as Al, Fe, and Ca reduces the solubility of P leading to limiting the absorption of P by plants. Therefore, we need to apply excessive amounts of P through conventional fertilizers. However, plants can use only a small portion of P of these added fertilizers whenever those become unavailable. Therefore, utilizing excess amounts of phosphate as fertilizers can lead to various environmental issues like eutrophication. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) have the ability to solubilize soil phosphate through the production of organic acids, inorganic acids, enzymes, protons, siderophores, and exopolysaccharides resulting in the absorption of P by plants. The application of PSM has the potential to be used as an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable approach that can replace traditional fertilizers. This review aimed to give an overview of the diversity of PSM, methods of P solubilization, current trends, and technological advances that can assist in using PSM to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42590519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Aga, F. A. Abera, Tesfaye Balemi Tufa, K. Abebe, B. Abeyo, N. G. Ayana
Development of low-nitrogen (N) tolerant and N-responsive durum wheat genotypes is required since nitrogen efficiency has emerged as a highly desirable trait from economic and environmental perspectives. Two hundred durum wheat genotypes were evaluated at three locations under optimum (ON) and low (LN) nitrogen conditions to screen genotypes for low-nitrogen tolerance and responsiveness to an optimum N supply. The results showed significant variations among the durum wheat genotypes for low-N tolerance and responsiveness. The average reduction in grain yield under the LN condition was 48.03% across genotypes. Only 17% of the genotypes tested performed well (grain yield reduction <40%) under LN conditions. Based on the absolute grain yield, biomass yield, and normalized difference vegetative index value, on average, 32, 14, 17, and 37% of the tested genotypes were classified as efficient and responsive, efficient and nonresponsive, inefficient and responsive, and inefficient and nonresponsive, respectively. Considering the absolute and relative grain yield, biomass yield, normalized difference vegetative index values, and stress tolerance indices as selection criteria, 17 genotypes were chosen for subsequent breeding. Among the screening indices, geometric mean productivity, stress tolerance index, yield index, and stress susceptibility index exhibited positive and significant correlations with grain yield under both N conditions; hence, either of these traits can be used to select low-N-tolerant genotypes. The common genotypes identified as LN-tolerant and responsive to N application in this study could be used as parental donors for developing N-efficient and responsive durum wheat varieties.
{"title":"Nitrogen Deficiency Tolerance and Responsiveness of Durum Wheat Genotypes in Ethiopia","authors":"T. Aga, F. A. Abera, Tesfaye Balemi Tufa, K. Abebe, B. Abeyo, N. G. Ayana","doi":"10.1155/2022/9506078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9506078","url":null,"abstract":"Development of low-nitrogen (N) tolerant and N-responsive durum wheat genotypes is required since nitrogen efficiency has emerged as a highly desirable trait from economic and environmental perspectives. Two hundred durum wheat genotypes were evaluated at three locations under optimum (ON) and low (LN) nitrogen conditions to screen genotypes for low-nitrogen tolerance and responsiveness to an optimum N supply. The results showed significant variations among the durum wheat genotypes for low-N tolerance and responsiveness. The average reduction in grain yield under the LN condition was 48.03% across genotypes. Only 17% of the genotypes tested performed well (grain yield reduction <40%) under LN conditions. Based on the absolute grain yield, biomass yield, and normalized difference vegetative index value, on average, 32, 14, 17, and 37% of the tested genotypes were classified as efficient and responsive, efficient and nonresponsive, inefficient and responsive, and inefficient and nonresponsive, respectively. Considering the absolute and relative grain yield, biomass yield, normalized difference vegetative index values, and stress tolerance indices as selection criteria, 17 genotypes were chosen for subsequent breeding. Among the screening indices, geometric mean productivity, stress tolerance index, yield index, and stress susceptibility index exhibited positive and significant correlations with grain yield under both N conditions; hence, either of these traits can be used to select low-N-tolerant genotypes. The common genotypes identified as LN-tolerant and responsive to N application in this study could be used as parental donors for developing N-efficient and responsive durum wheat varieties.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46246282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. T. Sutriadi, Syaiful Anwar, B. Mulyanto, Darmawan, Husnain, A. Jaya
Problems encountered in the management of upland acid soils, besides soil pH, are also low in phosphorus (P) content and less available to plants. The addition of organic acids (OAs) to the direct application of phosphate rock (PR) has not been widely studied yet and is expected to improve upland acid soil properties. The research aims to determine the effect of adding OAs on the direct application of PR to improve upland acid soil and increase maize yield. It was a greenhouse experiment using a randomized complete design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The treatments consisted of four types of OA (citric, humic, succinic, and oxalic acid) and five OA concentration levels (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm). The hybrid maize (Zea mays L) was used as the test crop. The parameters observed were soil properties (pH, exchangeable H (H+), exchangeable Al (Al3+), exchangeable Ca (Ca2+), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available P (as P-Bray1)) and maize growth (plant heights and yield). The results show that the types of OA treatments had no significant effect on soil properties and maize yield; in contrast, the concentrations of OA levels were able to improve soil properties as indicated by a significant effect on pH, H+, Al3+, Ca2+, CEC, available P, and increased maize yield. An increase in soil pH due to the addition of OAs to the direct application of PR could increase Ca2+ and CEC and decrease Al3+ and H+, while increasing available P for plants. Although not significantly different, oxalic acid was able to improve the observed soil properties and maize yield, followed by citric, humic, and succinic acids. The maximum OA concentration was 126.9 ppm. We can say that the main finding of this research is that oxalic, citric, humic, and succinic acids at a concentration of 126 ppm can be applied to phosphate rock. In Indonesia, humic acid has been widely applied by farmers because it is easy to obtain. Therefore, it can be applied to phosphate rock.
{"title":"Improving Upland Acid Soil Properties And Increasing Maize Yield By Phosphate Rock Application With Organic Acids","authors":"M. T. Sutriadi, Syaiful Anwar, B. Mulyanto, Darmawan, Husnain, A. Jaya","doi":"10.1155/2022/9720632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9720632","url":null,"abstract":"Problems encountered in the management of upland acid soils, besides soil pH, are also low in phosphorus (P) content and less available to plants. The addition of organic acids (OAs) to the direct application of phosphate rock (PR) has not been widely studied yet and is expected to improve upland acid soil properties. The research aims to determine the effect of adding OAs on the direct application of PR to improve upland acid soil and increase maize yield. It was a greenhouse experiment using a randomized complete design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The treatments consisted of four types of OA (citric, humic, succinic, and oxalic acid) and five OA concentration levels (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm). The hybrid maize (Zea mays L) was used as the test crop. The parameters observed were soil properties (pH, exchangeable H (H+), exchangeable Al (Al3+), exchangeable Ca (Ca2+), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available P (as P-Bray1)) and maize growth (plant heights and yield). The results show that the types of OA treatments had no significant effect on soil properties and maize yield; in contrast, the concentrations of OA levels were able to improve soil properties as indicated by a significant effect on pH, H+, Al3+, Ca2+, CEC, available P, and increased maize yield. An increase in soil pH due to the addition of OAs to the direct application of PR could increase Ca2+ and CEC and decrease Al3+ and H+, while increasing available P for plants. Although not significantly different, oxalic acid was able to improve the observed soil properties and maize yield, followed by citric, humic, and succinic acids. The maximum OA concentration was 126.9 ppm. We can say that the main finding of this research is that oxalic, citric, humic, and succinic acids at a concentration of 126 ppm can be applied to phosphate rock. In Indonesia, humic acid has been widely applied by farmers because it is easy to obtain. Therefore, it can be applied to phosphate rock.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46745156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is evidence that freshwater resources available for agriculture are decreasing with an unprecedented record. New irrigation strategies are developed and tested on crops that feed the world, such as maize, to improve water productivity. Deficit irrigation is one of these strategies that can improve water productivity without a significant impact on crop production. Here, the authors review the factors that affect the response of maize yield and irrigation water productivity to water stress induced by deficit irrigation using a quantitative approach. Data were collected from peer-reviewed publications worldwide that respond to predefined criteria. The authors defined grain yield variation (GYv) and variation of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUEv) as response variables and used simple and multiple linear regression models for data analysis. Overall, maize response to deficit irrigation is significantly correlated to the water stress level (WD). Mild stress below 20% of optimal irrigation led to 0.5% to 17.45% of yield loss in the vegetative stage (VS) but resulted in 46% yield loss at the reproductive stage (RS). Water stress (20–40%) applied at both vegetative and reproductive stages (VRSs) can reduce yield by 44%. The maximum yield loss was 90% in the RS. The multiple linear regression revealed that 62% of the grain yield variability was explained by both WD and nitrogen rates in the VS, while 54% and 13% of this variability was explained in the RS and VRS, respectively. The authors also found that the WD and the climate explained the best the GYv and the IWUEv under deficit irrigation. These results suggest that regarding the climatic characteristics of site location and the complexity of maize production systems, site-specific levels of deficit irrigation should be recommended to limit yield loss and increase water productivity.
{"title":"Relationship of Maize Yield to Climatic and Environmental Factors under Deficit Irrigation: A Quantitative Review","authors":"M. G. B. Allakonon, P. Akponikpè","doi":"10.1155/2022/2408439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2408439","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence that freshwater resources available for agriculture are decreasing with an unprecedented record. New irrigation strategies are developed and tested on crops that feed the world, such as maize, to improve water productivity. Deficit irrigation is one of these strategies that can improve water productivity without a significant impact on crop production. Here, the authors review the factors that affect the response of maize yield and irrigation water productivity to water stress induced by deficit irrigation using a quantitative approach. Data were collected from peer-reviewed publications worldwide that respond to predefined criteria. The authors defined grain yield variation (GYv) and variation of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUEv) as response variables and used simple and multiple linear regression models for data analysis. Overall, maize response to deficit irrigation is significantly correlated to the water stress level (WD). Mild stress below 20% of optimal irrigation led to 0.5% to 17.45% of yield loss in the vegetative stage (VS) but resulted in 46% yield loss at the reproductive stage (RS). Water stress (20–40%) applied at both vegetative and reproductive stages (VRSs) can reduce yield by 44%. The maximum yield loss was 90% in the RS. The multiple linear regression revealed that 62% of the grain yield variability was explained by both WD and nitrogen rates in the VS, while 54% and 13% of this variability was explained in the RS and VRS, respectively. The authors also found that the WD and the climate explained the best the GYv and the IWUEv under deficit irrigation. These results suggest that regarding the climatic characteristics of site location and the complexity of maize production systems, site-specific levels of deficit irrigation should be recommended to limit yield loss and increase water productivity.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41321804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even though numerous improved linseed varieties have been released in Ethiopia, the mean seed yield per unit area of the crop remains low due to poor access to improved varieties. To improve the crop’s production and productivity, testing the performance of improved linseed varieties in potential agroecologies where the varieties have never been grown before is an essential activity. Additionally, understanding the amount of genetic variation that is available within the linseed germplasm using genetic traits is also critical to the successful and sustainable improvement program of linseed. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of improved linseed varieties and their genetic variability for seed yield and related traits in the Lay Gayint district, South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted following a randomized complete block design with three replications, and nine released varieties and one local linseed variety were assessed in the study. Seed yield and yield-related traits were collected and subjected to a combined analysis of variance. The result shows that there was a significant difference between the tested linseed varieties for all examined traits, indicating the existence of genotypic variation between the experimental linseed varieties. The varieties Berene, CI-1525, Yadeno, and Furtu produced relatively higher seed yields, with an average of 894.28, 879.36, 823.28, and 820.85 kg·ha−1, respectively. Approximately 70% of the evaluated varieties produced higher seed yields than the local variety. The analysis of variance also resulted in a significant variety by year interaction effect for height of the plant, number of tillers, capsule number/plant, and seed yield, indicating the inconsistency of the varieties across the two growing seasons. Higher genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) (>20%) coupled with high heritability estimated values (>80%) were observed for seed yield per hectare, the number of capsules per plant, and tiller number. Seed yield and the number of capsules per plant provided higher genetic advance estimations. To make the selection more successful, breeders should concentrate on traits with high genotypic variance and heritability estimates, and promising varieties should be introduced and dispersed within the research area.
{"title":"Variability and Performance Evaluation of Released Linseed Varieties for Yield and Related Traits in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"K. Amare, G. Abebe","doi":"10.1155/2022/4805942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4805942","url":null,"abstract":"Even though numerous improved linseed varieties have been released in Ethiopia, the mean seed yield per unit area of the crop remains low due to poor access to improved varieties. To improve the crop’s production and productivity, testing the performance of improved linseed varieties in potential agroecologies where the varieties have never been grown before is an essential activity. Additionally, understanding the amount of genetic variation that is available within the linseed germplasm using genetic traits is also critical to the successful and sustainable improvement program of linseed. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of improved linseed varieties and their genetic variability for seed yield and related traits in the Lay Gayint district, South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted following a randomized complete block design with three replications, and nine released varieties and one local linseed variety were assessed in the study. Seed yield and yield-related traits were collected and subjected to a combined analysis of variance. The result shows that there was a significant difference between the tested linseed varieties for all examined traits, indicating the existence of genotypic variation between the experimental linseed varieties. The varieties Berene, CI-1525, Yadeno, and Furtu produced relatively higher seed yields, with an average of 894.28, 879.36, 823.28, and 820.85 kg·ha−1, respectively. Approximately 70% of the evaluated varieties produced higher seed yields than the local variety. The analysis of variance also resulted in a significant variety by year interaction effect for height of the plant, number of tillers, capsule number/plant, and seed yield, indicating the inconsistency of the varieties across the two growing seasons. Higher genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) (>20%) coupled with high heritability estimated values (>80%) were observed for seed yield per hectare, the number of capsules per plant, and tiller number. Seed yield and the number of capsules per plant provided higher genetic advance estimations. To make the selection more successful, breeders should concentrate on traits with high genotypic variance and heritability estimates, and promising varieties should be introduced and dispersed within the research area.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44243093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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