Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2023.19026
Jessica Hu, J. Hao
Skin aging is a process in which the collagen and elastin in the dermis layer of human skin gradually get lost as time passes, resulting in wrinkles and lack of resilience of the skin. As people’s aesthetic standards have constantly grown in the recent years, many tried to eliminate wrinkles to improve their appearance; consequently, the demand for anti-aging has as well increased in the market. In the wide research for anti-aging, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in various sources including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood have been proved to eliminate wrinkles effectively by helping to promote collagen and elastin in the skin. In addition, MSCs also receive little or no response from human immune system, which is ideal for donor MSCs to be transplanted to other patients. In both preclinical and clinical studies, MSCs and their derivatives (such as MSC-derived conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles) have been proven to be beneficial in skin rejuvenation. This article specifically focuses on the recent advances in MSCs and MSCs-derivatives for skin rejuvenation.
{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derivatives for Skin Rejuvenation","authors":"Jessica Hu, J. Hao","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2023.19026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2023.19026","url":null,"abstract":"Skin aging is a process in which the collagen and elastin in the dermis layer of human skin gradually get lost as time passes, resulting in wrinkles and lack of resilience of the skin. As people’s aesthetic standards have constantly grown in the recent years, many tried to eliminate wrinkles to improve their appearance; consequently, the demand for anti-aging has as well increased in the market. In the wide research for anti-aging, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in various sources including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood have been proved to eliminate wrinkles effectively by helping to promote collagen and elastin in the skin. In addition, MSCs also receive little or no response from human immune system, which is ideal for donor MSCs to be transplanted to other patients. In both preclinical and clinical studies, MSCs and their derivatives (such as MSC-derived conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles) have been proven to be beneficial in skin rejuvenation. This article specifically focuses on the recent advances in MSCs and MSCs-derivatives for skin rejuvenation.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80408578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2023.19015
Poojya R
Tongue print or lingual impression is a new biometric authentication method used in forensics. Every tongue has its own lingual impression, because of its unique shape and texture. Tongue print is the information carried on the exposed portion of the tongue, that is shape and texture all together. Many studies have been researched into preparing a proper algorithm for tongue image analysis. Digital photographs, lingual moulded impressions, rugoscopy, cheiloscopy, sublingual vein analysis, ultrasound, histological analysis are some of the methods of tongue print collection. Forensic dentistry deals with the proper handling, examination, and evaluation of dental evidence which will be presented in the interest of justice. With the increase in identity fraud and emphasis on security, there is an urgent need to identify humans locally and remotely on a routine basis. Hence newer advancements and research on the potential of tongue prints, as an authenticated forensic tool has to be done.
{"title":"Tongue Prints - An Information Immune to Forgery","authors":"Poojya R","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2023.19015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2023.19015","url":null,"abstract":"Tongue print or lingual impression is a new biometric authentication method used in forensics. Every tongue has its own lingual impression, because of its unique shape and texture. Tongue print is the information carried on the exposed portion of the tongue, that is shape and texture all together. Many studies have been researched into preparing a proper algorithm for tongue image analysis. Digital photographs, lingual moulded impressions, rugoscopy, cheiloscopy, sublingual vein analysis, ultrasound, histological analysis are some of the methods of tongue print collection. Forensic dentistry deals with the proper handling, examination, and evaluation of dental evidence which will be presented in the interest of justice. With the increase in identity fraud and emphasis on security, there is an urgent need to identify humans locally and remotely on a routine basis. Hence newer advancements and research on the potential of tongue prints, as an authenticated forensic tool has to be done.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73109021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2023.19001
Churun Zheng, Jie Wu, Xiaoyu Ji
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common disease. Multitarget therapy has been considered to be effective. EphrinA3 (EFNA3) ligand has been proven to be related to many cancers but is rarely reported in HCC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and mechanism of EFNA3 in HCC. EFNA3 ligand has been related to many cancers. By analyzing data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases with R software, EFNA3 was found highly expressed in patients with HCC, and the group with higher EFNA3 expression in patients with HCC had a significantly poorer prognosis. EFNA3 expression was of high diagnostic value and can be an independent clinical prognostic factor in HCC according to the COX regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Anomalies in the EFNA3 gene suggested a poor prognosis in patients with HCC analyzed by cBioPortal. The expression of EFNA3 was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells and two immune checkpoints. The function of EFNA3 and its related genes has been linked to the Ras signal pathway and affected the development of HCC. Based on exploring the clinical value of EFNA3, this study used the bioinformatics method to reveal the role of EFNA3 in immune regulation and its possible mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma.
{"title":"EFNA3 is involved in Immune Regulation and the Ras Signal Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Churun Zheng, Jie Wu, Xiaoyu Ji","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2023.19001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2023.19001","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common disease. Multitarget therapy has been considered to be effective. EphrinA3 (EFNA3) ligand has been proven to be related to many cancers but is rarely reported in HCC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and mechanism of EFNA3 in HCC. EFNA3 ligand has been related to many cancers. By analyzing data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases with R software, EFNA3 was found highly expressed in patients with HCC, and the group with higher EFNA3 expression in patients with HCC had a significantly poorer prognosis. EFNA3 expression was of high diagnostic value and can be an independent clinical prognostic factor in HCC according to the COX regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Anomalies in the EFNA3 gene suggested a poor prognosis in patients with HCC analyzed by cBioPortal. The expression of EFNA3 was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells and two immune checkpoints. The function of EFNA3 and its related genes has been linked to the Ras signal pathway and affected the development of HCC. Based on exploring the clinical value of EFNA3, this study used the bioinformatics method to reveal the role of EFNA3 in immune regulation and its possible mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81624857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2023.19018
A. Xu
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic human disease characterized by abnormal bone formation in muscle and soft tissues of the patient, due to dysregulated activity of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Activin A receptor type I (ACVR1), also known as Activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2), is a key BMP type I receptor for the normal BMP signaling transduction. The heterozygous missense mutations in ALK2 are the root cause of FOP, and ALK2R206H accounts for approximately 97% of all FOP cases. Cumulative studies have shown that Activin A, which normally activates TGF - β signaling, can induce the BMP signaling via ALK2 mutated receptor in FOP. In the past decade, multiple therapeutical strategies have been developed and several potential drugs are under clinical trials for FOP now. This article specifically focuses on the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanism, potential drug development and the clinical trials for FOP treatment.
进行性骨化纤维发育不良(FOP)是一种罕见的遗传性人类疾病，其特征是由于骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)信号活性失调，导致患者肌肉和软组织的骨形成异常。激活素A受体I型(Activin A receptor type I, ACVR1)，又称激活素样激酶2 (Activin-like kinase 2, ALK2)，是BMP正常信号转导的关键受体。ALK2的杂合错义突变是导致FOP的根本原因，而ALK2R206H约占所有FOP病例的97%。累积研究表明，激活素A在正常情况下激活TGF - β信号，可通过在FOP中ALK2突变受体诱导BMP信号转导。在过去的十年中，已经开发了多种治疗策略，目前有几种潜在的药物正在进行FOP的临床试验。本文就其分子机制的认识、潜在的药物开发和治疗FOP的临床试验等方面的最新进展作一综述。
{"title":"Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Molecular Mechanism, Drug Development and Current Clinical Trials","authors":"A. Xu","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2023.19018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2023.19018","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic human disease characterized by abnormal bone formation in muscle and soft tissues of the patient, due to dysregulated activity of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Activin A receptor type I (ACVR1), also known as Activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2), is a key BMP type I receptor for the normal BMP signaling transduction. The heterozygous missense mutations in ALK2 are the root cause of FOP, and ALK2R206H accounts for approximately 97% of all FOP cases. Cumulative studies have shown that Activin A, which normally activates TGF - β signaling, can induce the BMP signaling via ALK2 mutated receptor in FOP. In the past decade, multiple therapeutical strategies have been developed and several potential drugs are under clinical trials for FOP now. This article specifically focuses on the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanism, potential drug development and the clinical trials for FOP treatment.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81055195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18060
Yilin Chai
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental disorder that affects approximately 20% women after giving birth worldwide. The common PPD symptoms include loss of appetite, suicidal thoughts, withdrawal from loved ones and babies. PPD not only affects mothers’ mental health but also results in mother-infant attachment and bonding problems. Though the exact PPD etiology remains poorly understood, cumulative studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with PPD, and vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy greatly reduces PPD. This article specifically reviews the recent studies in the relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency and PPD, vitamin D3 treatment for PPD prevention, and the potential mechanisms by which vitamin D3 deficiency results in PPD.
{"title":"Recent Advance in Understanding Vitamin D in Postpartum Depression","authors":"Yilin Chai","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18060","url":null,"abstract":"Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental disorder that affects approximately 20% women after giving birth worldwide. The common PPD symptoms include loss of appetite, suicidal thoughts, withdrawal from loved ones and babies. PPD not only affects mothers’ mental health but also results in mother-infant attachment and bonding problems. Though the exact PPD etiology remains poorly understood, cumulative studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with PPD, and vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy greatly reduces PPD. This article specifically reviews the recent studies in the relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency and PPD, vitamin D3 treatment for PPD prevention, and the potential mechanisms by which vitamin D3 deficiency results in PPD.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84045189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18066
Peiyao Ning, Ulrica Yingying Peng
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the U.S population and it is characterized by a wide range of symptoms including hallucination, delusion, and lack of pleasure. It is believed both genetic and environmental influences contribute to schizophrenia onset. Among environmental influences, vitamin D has been extensively studied as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Both developmental and adult vitamin D deficiencies have been demonstrated to be associated with schizophrenia. Developmental vitamin D supplementation during an early year of life could dramatically reduce the rate of schizophrenia development. In addition, adult vitamin D supplementation in schizophrenia patients was shown to decrease the disease’s severity. In this article, we review recent advances in the connection, therapeutic potential, and pathogenetic mechanism of vitamin D in schizophrenia.
{"title":"Vitamin D and Schizophrenia: Association, Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms","authors":"Peiyao Ning, Ulrica Yingying Peng","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18066","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the U.S population and it is characterized by a wide range of symptoms including hallucination, delusion, and lack of pleasure. It is believed both genetic and environmental influences contribute to schizophrenia onset. Among environmental influences, vitamin D has been extensively studied as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Both developmental and adult vitamin D deficiencies have been demonstrated to be associated with schizophrenia. Developmental vitamin D supplementation during an early year of life could dramatically reduce the rate of schizophrenia development. In addition, adult vitamin D supplementation in schizophrenia patients was shown to decrease the disease’s severity. In this article, we review recent advances in the connection, therapeutic potential, and pathogenetic mechanism of vitamin D in schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84991513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18054
Jiaying Liu
Glioblastoma is an aggressive malignant brain tumor, and its five-year relative survival rate for patients is only 6.8 percent. In addition, almost all glioblastomas recur even after intensive treatments including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, which are believed to be attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population of cells existing in a tumor with ability to self-renewal and differentiation. Of multiple signaling pathways, sonic hedgehog signaling is one critical pathway involved in CSCs regulation. Therefore, targeting the sonic hedgehog signaling represents a novel therapy to treat glioblastomas, and significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop the sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor drugs. This article specifically focuses on recent advances in the sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor drug development by targeting multiple components of the signaling cascade including sonic hedgehog ligand, Smoothened (SMO) and GLI. Those inhibitors hold a great promise to destroy glioblastoma CSCs and prevent and treat tumor recurrence in the future.
{"title":"Targeting the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway of Cancer Stem Cells to Treat Glioblastoma","authors":"Jiaying Liu","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18054","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma is an aggressive malignant brain tumor, and its five-year relative survival rate for patients is only 6.8 percent. In addition, almost all glioblastomas recur even after intensive treatments including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, which are believed to be attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population of cells existing in a tumor with ability to self-renewal and differentiation. Of multiple signaling pathways, sonic hedgehog signaling is one critical pathway involved in CSCs regulation. Therefore, targeting the sonic hedgehog signaling represents a novel therapy to treat glioblastomas, and significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop the sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor drugs. This article specifically focuses on recent advances in the sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor drug development by targeting multiple components of the signaling cascade including sonic hedgehog ligand, Smoothened (SMO) and GLI. Those inhibitors hold a great promise to destroy glioblastoma CSCs and prevent and treat tumor recurrence in the future.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83231689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18041
Amy S. Shao, Saki Watanabe, A. Omran, Zeyu Zhang, Elana Ho, Chen Xue, T. D. Church, Melissa Askin, Jing Wu, Kaiying Zhang, Liu Li, Ke Zhang, Chao Peng, X. Shao, Jing Liang
Healthier environments could prevent almost one quarter of the global burden of disease. The COVID-19 pandemic is a further reminder of the delicate relationship between people and our planet (WHO 2022). Since the appearance of the cell phone, the anomalous use of this device has called into question, as a new healthier environment issue, especially during this COVID-19 virus pandemic spreading, which may be linked to social isolation. This problem is identical to the one regarding the existence of behavioral addictions, including rigidity and muscle pain, ocular afflictions resulting from Computer Vision Syndrome reflected in fatigue, dryness, blurry vision, irritation, or ocular redness, auditory and tactile illusions – the sensation of having heard a ring or felt a vibration of a cell phone, and pain and weakness in the thumbs and wrists leading to an increased number of cases of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. With respect to the psychological problems derived from cellphone dependence, the research focuses on the sub-consequence of cellphone dependence, sleep interference and its coexistence with using substances such as alcohol and tobacco and with symptomatology and psychiatric comorbidities, particularly anxiety, stress, and depression. In this study, authors surveyed 288 volunteers to gain insight regarding how stress, anxiety, and time spent on cellphones affected sleep and mood, and how a novel herb compound preparation, dihydromyricetin (DHM)-containing product improves these syndromes. The results clearly showed a negative linear correlation between sleep duration vs stress level and time on cellphone, and a negative correlation between wake-up mood/symptoms vs stress. Interestingly, volunteers taking DHM-containing product, but not placebo, showed substantial improvements in stress levels, hours of sleep, especially cellphone dependence, and wake-up mood/symptoms. This is a highly interesting study that addresses the current health problems, new healthier environment issue and suggests a potential therapeutic roles of DHM and/or herbs in behavioral addictions and associated mental health and wellbeing.
{"title":"Stress-, Anxiety-, and Cellphone use-induced Sleep Deficits and Psychological Conditions during the Pandemic and a Potential Remedy: a Randomized, Parallel, Blinded, Placebo-controlled Study","authors":"Amy S. Shao, Saki Watanabe, A. Omran, Zeyu Zhang, Elana Ho, Chen Xue, T. D. Church, Melissa Askin, Jing Wu, Kaiying Zhang, Liu Li, Ke Zhang, Chao Peng, X. Shao, Jing Liang","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18041","url":null,"abstract":"Healthier environments could prevent almost one quarter of the global burden of disease. The COVID-19 pandemic is a further reminder of the delicate relationship between people and our planet (WHO 2022). Since the appearance of the cell phone, the anomalous use of this device has called into question, as a new healthier environment issue, especially during this COVID-19 virus pandemic spreading, which may be linked to social isolation. This problem is identical to the one regarding the existence of behavioral addictions, including rigidity and muscle pain, ocular afflictions resulting from Computer Vision Syndrome reflected in fatigue, dryness, blurry vision, irritation, or ocular redness, auditory and tactile illusions – the sensation of having heard a ring or felt a vibration of a cell phone, and pain and weakness in the thumbs and wrists leading to an increased number of cases of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. With respect to the psychological problems derived from cellphone dependence, the research focuses on the sub-consequence of cellphone dependence, sleep interference and its coexistence with using substances such as alcohol and tobacco and with symptomatology and psychiatric comorbidities, particularly anxiety, stress, and depression. In this study, authors surveyed 288 volunteers to gain insight regarding how stress, anxiety, and time spent on cellphones affected sleep and mood, and how a novel herb compound preparation, dihydromyricetin (DHM)-containing product improves these syndromes. The results clearly showed a negative linear correlation between sleep duration vs stress level and time on cellphone, and a negative correlation between wake-up mood/symptoms vs stress. Interestingly, volunteers taking DHM-containing product, but not placebo, showed substantial improvements in stress levels, hours of sleep, especially cellphone dependence, and wake-up mood/symptoms. This is a highly interesting study that addresses the current health problems, new healthier environment issue and suggests a potential therapeutic roles of DHM and/or herbs in behavioral addictions and associated mental health and wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80925534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18024
M. Adeniyi, O. Olaniyan, A. Ogunlade, O. Fabunmi, A. Okojie, O. Ajayi
Studies have indicated deranged post-exercise physiological responses in hypohydrated subjects. The study investigated the effect of pre-exercise water ingestion on metabolic, autonomic and cardiovascular responses to prolonged exercise in mildly active male Nigerian students. 36 mildly active young males who emerged from random sampling were assigned into exercise groups I, II and III and were administered 0 L, 0.5 L and 1 L of drinking water at 15°C respectively. Responses were evaluated as % change between post- and pre-exercise levels and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-23. When compared with group I, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), double product (DoP), Calculated Cardiac Output (CCO) and Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SP02) responses were significantly raised in groups II and III. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) responses were significantly lower in group III when compared with group I or group II. Peak PR, DoP and CCO responses occurred in group II while ALT, AST and ALP responses reached the nadir in group III. As far as groups II and III were concerned, hematocrit, hemoglobin and RBC responses did not significantly differ from group I but BRS positively and negatively correlated with DoP (r=0.952, P<0.05) and SPO2 (r=-0.568, P<0.05) respectively in both groups. In conclusion, the study showed that ingestion of 1 liters of water prior to prolonged exercise modulated neurovascular, cardiovascular and metabolic responses to prolonged exercise in mildly active male students.
研究表明，缺水的受试者运动后的生理反应紊乱。该研究调查了运动前饮水对尼日利亚轻度运动男学生长时间运动后代谢、自主神经和心血管反应的影响。36名从随机抽样中选出的轻度运动的年轻男性被分配到运动I、II和III组，分别给予0 L、0.5 L和1 L 15°C的饮用水。以运动后和运动前水平的百分比变化来评估反应，并使用SPSS-23进行统计分析。与ⅰ组比较，ⅱ组和ⅲ组的压反射敏感性(BRS)、脉搏率(PR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、率压积(RPP)、双积(DoP)、计算心输出量(CCO)和外周血氧饱和度(SP02)反应均显著升高。III组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)反应均显著低于I组和II组。PR、DoP和CCO反应在II组达到峰值，ALT、AST和ALP反应在III组达到最低点。ⅱ组和ⅲ组红细胞压积、血红蛋白和红细胞反应与ⅰ组比较差异无统计学意义，但两组BRS分别与DoP (r=0.952, P<0.05)和SPO2 (r=-0.568, P<0.05)呈正相关和负相关。总之，这项研究表明，在长时间运动前摄入1升水可以调节轻度运动的男学生在长时间运动后的神经血管、心血管和代谢反应。
{"title":"Modulatory Role of Pre-exercise Water Ingestion on Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses to Prolonged Exercise in Young Mildly Active Male Students","authors":"M. Adeniyi, O. Olaniyan, A. Ogunlade, O. Fabunmi, A. Okojie, O. Ajayi","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18024","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have indicated deranged post-exercise physiological responses in hypohydrated subjects. The study investigated the effect of pre-exercise water ingestion on metabolic, autonomic and cardiovascular responses to prolonged exercise in mildly active male Nigerian students. 36 mildly active young males who emerged from random sampling were assigned into exercise groups I, II and III and were administered 0 L, 0.5 L and 1 L of drinking water at 15°C respectively. Responses were evaluated as % change between post- and pre-exercise levels and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-23. When compared with group I, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), double product (DoP), Calculated Cardiac Output (CCO) and Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SP02) responses were significantly raised in groups II and III. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) responses were significantly lower in group III when compared with group I or group II. Peak PR, DoP and CCO responses occurred in group II while ALT, AST and ALP responses reached the nadir in group III. As far as groups II and III were concerned, hematocrit, hemoglobin and RBC responses did not significantly differ from group I but BRS positively and negatively correlated with DoP (r=0.952, P<0.05) and SPO2 (r=-0.568, P<0.05) respectively in both groups. In conclusion, the study showed that ingestion of 1 liters of water prior to prolonged exercise modulated neurovascular, cardiovascular and metabolic responses to prolonged exercise in mildly active male students.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86046524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18035
Estella Gan
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays fundamental roles in human life and health as an essential cofactor and substrate for a great number of vital biological processes. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the development of many age-related degenerative diseases, including dementia, heart failure, and diabetes, are linked with an age-dependent depletion in cellular NAD+ levels. Preclinical studies have shown that the restoration of NAD+ levels through NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation, reduces the risk of heart failure, ameliorates the manifestations of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and improves insulin-sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. In recent years, multiple clinical studies have indicated that NR and NMN supplements are well tolerated and effectively stimulate NAD+ metabolism in healthy subjects. Further efficacy studies of NR and NMN supplements in patients with degenerative diseases are under clinical trial. This article reviews the recent preclinical and clinical progress of NR and NMN supplements as potential therapies to treat aging-related diseases with a focus on cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes studies.
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of NAD+ Precursors and Aging-related Diseases","authors":"Estella Gan","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18035","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays fundamental roles in human life and health as an essential cofactor and substrate for a great number of vital biological processes. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the development of many age-related degenerative diseases, including dementia, heart failure, and diabetes, are linked with an age-dependent depletion in cellular NAD+ levels. Preclinical studies have shown that the restoration of NAD+ levels through NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation, reduces the risk of heart failure, ameliorates the manifestations of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and improves insulin-sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. In recent years, multiple clinical studies have indicated that NR and NMN supplements are well tolerated and effectively stimulate NAD+ metabolism in healthy subjects. Further efficacy studies of NR and NMN supplements in patients with degenerative diseases are under clinical trial. This article reviews the recent preclinical and clinical progress of NR and NMN supplements as potential therapies to treat aging-related diseases with a focus on cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes studies.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89851013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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