Pub Date : 2019-06-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2019.15057
O. Chinedu, Ofuru Vitalis
Background: Cancer of the prostate (CaP) is the commonest male cancer in Nigeria. Previous CaP studies from Rivers state of Nigeria are limited in scope to individual case series or single institutional practice. Aim: To present the first population based cancer registry study findings on CaP in Rivers state. Methodology: Data from CaP patients in Port Harcourt and Obio-Akpor council areas, stored in Port Harcourt cancer registry's CanReg 4 software between 2008 and 2017 were retrieved and analysed. Information on the dates of incidence, patients place of domicile in the previous 12 months and above, age, morphology and degree of differentiation were analyzed. Result: CaP constituted 676 (25.2%) of all cancers and 56.8% of male cancers. The range, mean and peak age groups were 38-92 years, 67.1 ± 11.1 years and 70-74 years respectively. The overall age standardized incidence rate (ASR) per 100,000 of the population ranged between 13.9 in 2014 and 63.7 in 2017, with an undulating but overall increasing trend. For the peak age group (70-74 years), ASR was 89.6/100,000. Adenocarcinoma constituted 99%. While 47.3% were working class, 87% attained secondary or tertiary and 68.9% were urban dwellers. Conclusion: CaP incidence remains high in Port Harcourt and Obio-Akpor. Current mean age at presentation is lower than those of previous decades. Overall, incidence trend is upwards. Urgent public health measures that will stem the tide of the menacing threat of CaP to Nigerian men is imperative.
{"title":"A Population based Study of Prostate Cancer in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Chinedu, Ofuru Vitalis","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2019.15057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2019.15057","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer of the prostate (CaP) is the commonest male cancer in Nigeria. Previous CaP studies from Rivers state of Nigeria are limited in scope to individual case series or single institutional practice. Aim: To present the first population based cancer registry study findings on CaP in Rivers state. Methodology: Data from CaP patients in Port Harcourt and Obio-Akpor council areas, stored in Port Harcourt cancer registry's CanReg 4 software between 2008 and 2017 were retrieved and analysed. Information on the dates of incidence, patients place of domicile in the previous 12 months and above, age, morphology and degree of differentiation were analyzed. Result: CaP constituted 676 (25.2%) of all cancers and 56.8% of male cancers. The range, mean and peak age groups were 38-92 years, 67.1 ± 11.1 years and 70-74 years respectively. The overall age standardized incidence rate (ASR) per 100,000 of the population ranged between 13.9 in 2014 and 63.7 in 2017, with an undulating but overall increasing trend. For the peak age group (70-74 years), ASR was 89.6/100,000. Adenocarcinoma constituted 99%. While 47.3% were working class, 87% attained secondary or tertiary and 68.9% were urban dwellers. Conclusion: CaP incidence remains high in Port Harcourt and Obio-Akpor. Current mean age at presentation is lower than those of previous decades. Overall, incidence trend is upwards. Urgent public health measures that will stem the tide of the menacing threat of CaP to Nigerian men is imperative.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78390274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2019.15006
H. S. Mohammed, Arpita Dutta, A. Prasad, M. Anand, Vinaya Kundapur, Kirthi Roopwani
Background and Objectives: Midline fracture of dentures and fractures due to sudden impact on denture bases, like accidental dropping, are common. The limitation that the strength of these materials displays sets a need for further improvement of the polymethylmethacrylate resin. Studies have demonstrated that carbon nanotubes possess outstanding mechanical properties of flexural and impact strengths. The present study evaluated and compared the flexural strength and surface roughness on reinforcing conventional heat cure denture base resins and high impact resins with carbon nanotubes. Method: A metal template of specific dimensions 65 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm was fabricated and flasked to obtain moulds. Monomer (methylmethacrylate) containing 1wt% carbon nanotubes was mixed with DPI and Lucitone polymers respectively and packed into the moulds to obtain 20 samples for each. Monomer without nanoparticles was used to fabricate 20 more samples for each resin. Following curing and deflasking, a total of 80 specimens were finished to required dimensions. Surface roughness of each specimen was evaluated using an optical profilometer. The flexural strengths were evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine. Results: The results showed that there was statistically significant difference among the flexural strength values of the groups with microadditions of CNTs when compared to the groups without microadditions. The surface roughness values, on comparison, showed no statistical significance. Interpretation and Conclusion: On comparison of the values obtained, the study concludes that flexural strength significantly improved on addition of carbon nanotubes. However, the comparison of surface roughness values suggested that incorporation of nanotubes does not increase the surface roughness of denture resins.
背景与目的:义齿中线骨折和义齿基托突然冲击导致的骨折，如意外跌落是常见的。这些材料的强度显示出的限制，需要进一步改进聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂。研究表明，碳纳米管具有优异的抗折和抗冲击性能。本研究比较了碳纳米管对传统热固化义齿基托树脂和高冲击树脂的抗弯强度和表面粗糙度的影响。方法:制作特定尺寸为65 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm的金属模板，烧瓶获得模具。将含有1wt%碳纳米管的单体(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)分别与DPI和Lucitone聚合物混合，并装入模具中，各获得20个样品。使用不含纳米颗粒的单体为每种树脂制备20多个样品。在固化和减模之后，总共有80个试件完成了所需的尺寸。使用光学轮廓仪评估每个样品的表面粗糙度。使用万能试验机评估弯曲强度。结果:结果显示，添加微CNTs组与未添加微CNTs组的抗弯强度值有统计学差异。表面粗糙度值比较无统计学意义。解释与结论:通过对所得数值的比较，本研究得出结论:碳纳米管的加入显著提高了材料的抗弯强度。然而，表面粗糙度值的比较表明，纳米管的掺入并没有增加义齿树脂的表面粗糙度。
{"title":"Comparison of the Flexural Strength and Surface Roughness of Conventional Heat Cure and High Impact Denture Base Resins on Microadditions of Carbon Nanotubes- An In Vitro Study","authors":"H. S. Mohammed, Arpita Dutta, A. Prasad, M. Anand, Vinaya Kundapur, Kirthi Roopwani","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2019.15006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2019.15006","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Midline fracture of dentures and fractures due to sudden impact on denture bases, like accidental dropping, are common. The limitation that the strength of these materials displays sets a need for further improvement of the polymethylmethacrylate resin. Studies have demonstrated that carbon nanotubes possess outstanding mechanical properties of flexural and impact strengths. The present study evaluated and compared the flexural strength and surface roughness on reinforcing conventional heat cure denture base resins and high impact resins with carbon nanotubes. Method: A metal template of specific dimensions 65 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm was fabricated and flasked to obtain moulds. Monomer (methylmethacrylate) containing 1wt% carbon nanotubes was mixed with DPI and Lucitone polymers respectively and packed into the moulds to obtain 20 samples for each. Monomer without nanoparticles was used to fabricate 20 more samples for each resin. Following curing and deflasking, a total of 80 specimens were finished to required dimensions. Surface roughness of each specimen was evaluated using an optical profilometer. The flexural strengths were evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine. Results: The results showed that there was statistically significant difference among the flexural strength values of the groups with microadditions of CNTs when compared to the groups without microadditions. The surface roughness values, on comparison, showed no statistical significance. Interpretation and Conclusion: On comparison of the values obtained, the study concludes that flexural strength significantly improved on addition of carbon nanotubes. However, the comparison of surface roughness values suggested that incorporation of nanotubes does not increase the surface roughness of denture resins.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90684011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2019.15024
H. Shimoda, J. Tanaka, Kaori Zaiki, Koichi Nakaoji
Strawberry seeds are consumed with the sarcocarps, but their effects on the skin have not been well evaluated. We examined the effect of strawberry seed extract (SSE) and tiliroside, a major flavonol glycoside in SSE, on hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 2 expression and hyaluronan production in mouse skin and human fibroblasts. SSE and tiliroside were given orally to mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard diet, and skin HAS2 mRNA expression and the skin hyaluronan content were evaluated. In addition, HAS2 protein expression and hyaluronan release were determined after fibroblasts were treated with SSE and tiliroside. Furthermore, binding of tiliroside to retinoic acid receptor (RAR) γ was examined. SSE (10 and 50 mg/kg) significantly increased HAS2 mRNA expression and the hyaluronan level in the skin of HFD-fed mice. Tiliroside (0.2 and 1 mg/kg) also increased skin HAS2 mRNA expression in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, SSE (10 mg/kg) increased HAS2 mRNA expression in mice on the standard diet. In human fibroblasts, both SSE (1 ug/mL) and tiliroside (0.3 ug/mL) significantly increased hyaluronan production, with HAS2 protein expression also being increased by SSE (10 ug/mL) and tiliroside (0.1 ug/mL). In the RARγ ligand assay, tiliroside (1 and 10 ug/mL) showed binding to RARγ. In conclusion, SSE and tiliroside increased hyaluronan synthase 2 expression in mouse skin and binding of tiliroside to RARγ was suggested to be involved.
{"title":"Tiliroside, a Constituent of Strawberry Seeds, Slightly Enhances Hyaluronan Production via Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Expression in Mouse Skin and Human Fibroblasts","authors":"H. Shimoda, J. Tanaka, Kaori Zaiki, Koichi Nakaoji","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2019.15024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2019.15024","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry seeds are consumed with the sarcocarps, but their effects on the skin have not been well evaluated. We examined the effect of strawberry seed extract (SSE) and tiliroside, a major flavonol glycoside in SSE, on hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 2 expression and hyaluronan production in mouse skin and human fibroblasts. SSE and tiliroside were given orally to mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard diet, and skin HAS2 mRNA expression and the skin hyaluronan content were evaluated. In addition, HAS2 protein expression and hyaluronan release were determined after fibroblasts were treated with SSE and tiliroside. Furthermore, binding of tiliroside to retinoic acid receptor (RAR) γ was examined. SSE (10 and 50 mg/kg) significantly increased HAS2 mRNA expression and the hyaluronan level in the skin of HFD-fed mice. Tiliroside (0.2 and 1 mg/kg) also increased skin HAS2 mRNA expression in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, SSE (10 mg/kg) increased HAS2 mRNA expression in mice on the standard diet. In human fibroblasts, both SSE (1 ug/mL) and tiliroside (0.3 ug/mL) significantly increased hyaluronan production, with HAS2 protein expression also being increased by SSE (10 ug/mL) and tiliroside (0.1 ug/mL). In the RARγ ligand assay, tiliroside (1 and 10 ug/mL) showed binding to RARγ. In conclusion, SSE and tiliroside increased hyaluronan synthase 2 expression in mouse skin and binding of tiliroside to RARγ was suggested to be involved.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82243959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2019.15011
T. Takewaka, Kiyoshi Hara
Background: Roots of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is traditionally used as a food supplement for its rich nutritional property in Andes of Peru for thousands of years. Native Peruvian have further expanded Maca usage in medicine to enhance fertility and aphrodisiac in both human and live stocks and to treat menopausal disorders. Objective: We examined the effect of Maca extract containing at least 1.2% of benzylglucosinolate (Maca-BG1.2TM) on the serum level of hormones and menopausal disorder of Japanese peri-menopausal women. Methods: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel clinical study was carried out in a period of 8 weeks, levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (PGS) in sera of baseline (week 0) and week 8 were compared. As for menopausal disorder, we compared the simplified menopausal index (SMI) of all the cohorts. 42 healthy peri-menopausal Japanese women (aged 40 to 58 years) were randomly allocated to two groups, one receiving Maca-BG1.2TM for 8 weeks and the other receiving placebo. All participants signed informed consent forms. Two hard gel capsules with 150 mg Maca-BG1.2TM or 180 mg placebo were self-administered by participants once daily after breakfast. Results: after 8 weeks administration of Maca-BG1.2TM, the E2 level was significantly increased in the sera of peri-menopausal women with periodical menstruation. insomnia, one key SMI, was also elevated and mild menopausal disorder peri-in menopausal women was alleviated by Maca-BG1.2TM. Conclusion: These results showed that Maca-BG1.2TM may be a useful non-hormonal plant material for Japanese peri-menopausal women.
{"title":"Clinical Effect of Oral Administration of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Extract on Japanese Peri-Menopausal Women Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study","authors":"T. Takewaka, Kiyoshi Hara","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2019.15011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2019.15011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Roots of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is traditionally used as a food supplement for its rich nutritional property in Andes of Peru for thousands of years. Native Peruvian have further expanded Maca usage in medicine to enhance fertility and aphrodisiac in both human and live stocks and to treat menopausal disorders. Objective: We examined the effect of Maca extract containing at least 1.2% of benzylglucosinolate (Maca-BG1.2TM) on the serum level of hormones and menopausal disorder of Japanese peri-menopausal women. Methods: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel clinical study was carried out in a period of 8 weeks, levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (PGS) in sera of baseline (week 0) and week 8 were compared. As for menopausal disorder, we compared the simplified menopausal index (SMI) of all the cohorts. 42 healthy peri-menopausal Japanese women (aged 40 to 58 years) were randomly allocated to two groups, one receiving Maca-BG1.2TM for 8 weeks and the other receiving placebo. All participants signed informed consent forms. Two hard gel capsules with 150 mg Maca-BG1.2TM or 180 mg placebo were self-administered by participants once daily after breakfast. Results: after 8 weeks administration of Maca-BG1.2TM, the E2 level was significantly increased in the sera of peri-menopausal women with periodical menstruation. insomnia, one key SMI, was also elevated and mild menopausal disorder peri-in menopausal women was alleviated by Maca-BG1.2TM. Conclusion: These results showed that Maca-BG1.2TM may be a useful non-hormonal plant material for Japanese peri-menopausal women.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80614626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2019.15032
Robert W. Chidzaye
Medical laboratories provide confirmatory diagnosis and evidence based management of diseases, essential public health information and disease surveillance. A wide variety of research studies suggest that breakdowns in the diagnostic process result in a staggering toll of harm, patient deaths and wastage of valuable medical resources already constrained in the developing world. The objective of this study was to assess barriers to delivery of optimal laboratory diagnostic services in Mzuzu city. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using quantitative research approach. Three categories of laboratories were selected from the public, faith based and private health systems. Stratified sampling was used to select laboratory practioners while purposive sampling was used to select administrators from each health facility. The data was analysed by the measures of central tendency mean plus measures of variability, range, standard deviation and standard error, using SPSS version 20. The findings of the study were that laboratory practioners identified several barriers to affect quality diagnostic services: 79% of laboratory staff reported short supply of laboratory supplies, work overloads (69%), frequent equipment failure (22%), scarcity of modern equipment (20%) and others. Administrators (67%) reported a limited budget allocation to the public and faith based hospitals. The study also found that there were some barriers that were more frequent than others such as shortage of laboratory supplies (84%), work overloads (70%), lack of refresher training (34%), frequent equipment failure (28%) and others. The study also found that laboratory practitioners employed several countermeasures to overcome technical barriers to diagnostics. 44% reported that they would stop tests when reagents run out of stock, wait for maintenance of equipment and stop tests (38%), higher cadres would delegate work to lower level cadres (31%), improvise on faulty equipment and expired reagents (26%) and many others. No laboratory had adequate quality management systems in place. The recommendations of this study were to strengthen human resources planning for laboratory professionals, establish or strengthen national laboratory regulatory and representative bodies to improve governance and enhance quality, and promote work and competency based in-service training to ensure that staff skills are up to date and competency is demonstrated.
医学实验室提供确认性诊断和基于证据的疾病管理、基本公共卫生信息和疾病监测。各种各样的研究表明，在发展中国家，诊断过程中的故障造成了惊人的伤害、病人死亡和宝贵的医疗资源的浪费。本研究的目的是评估在Mzuzu市提供最佳实验室诊断服务的障碍。这是一项采用定量研究方法的描述性横断面研究。从公共、宗教和私人卫生系统中选择了三类实验室。分层抽样用于选择实验室从业人员，而目的抽样用于选择每个卫生机构的管理人员。使用SPSS version 20对数据进行分析，采用集中趋势均值加变异性、极差、标准差和标准误差的方法。该研究的结果是，实验室从业人员确定了影响诊断服务质量的几个障碍:79%的实验室工作人员报告实验室用品供应短缺，工作超负荷(69%)，设备频繁故障(22%)，缺乏现代设备(20%)和其他。行政人员(67%)报告说，公立医院和宗教医院的预算分配有限。研究还发现，有一些障碍比其他障碍更常见，如实验室用品短缺(84%)、工作超负荷(70%)、缺乏进修培训(34%)、设备频繁故障(28%)等。该研究还发现，实验室从业人员采用了几种对策来克服诊断的技术障碍。44%的人报告说，当试剂缺货时，他们会停止检测，等待设备维修并停止检测(38%)，上级干部会将工作委托给下级干部(31%)，临时处理故障设备和过期试剂(26%)等等。没有实验室有适当的质量管理体系。这项研究的建议是加强实验室专业人员的人力资源规划，建立或加强国家实验室监管和代表机构，以改善治理和提高质量，并促进以工作和能力为基础的在职培训，以确保工作人员的技能是最新的，能力得到展示。
{"title":"Assessing Barriers to Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Service Delivery in Mzuzu City","authors":"Robert W. Chidzaye","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2019.15032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2019.15032","url":null,"abstract":"Medical laboratories provide confirmatory diagnosis and evidence based management of diseases, essential public health information and disease surveillance. A wide variety of research studies suggest that breakdowns in the diagnostic process result in a staggering toll of harm, patient deaths and wastage of valuable medical resources already constrained in the developing world. The objective of this study was to assess barriers to delivery of optimal laboratory diagnostic services in Mzuzu city. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using quantitative research approach. Three categories of laboratories were selected from the public, faith based and private health systems. Stratified sampling was used to select laboratory practioners while purposive sampling was used to select administrators from each health facility. The data was analysed by the measures of central tendency mean plus measures of variability, range, standard deviation and standard error, using SPSS version 20. The findings of the study were that laboratory practioners identified several barriers to affect quality diagnostic services: 79% of laboratory staff reported short supply of laboratory supplies, work overloads (69%), frequent equipment failure (22%), scarcity of modern equipment (20%) and others. Administrators (67%) reported a limited budget allocation to the public and faith based hospitals. The study also found that there were some barriers that were more frequent than others such as shortage of laboratory supplies (84%), work overloads (70%), lack of refresher training (34%), frequent equipment failure (28%) and others. The study also found that laboratory practitioners employed several countermeasures to overcome technical barriers to diagnostics. 44% reported that they would stop tests when reagents run out of stock, wait for maintenance of equipment and stop tests (38%), higher cadres would delegate work to lower level cadres (31%), improvise on faulty equipment and expired reagents (26%) and many others. No laboratory had adequate quality management systems in place. The recommendations of this study were to strengthen human resources planning for laboratory professionals, establish or strengthen national laboratory regulatory and representative bodies to improve governance and enhance quality, and promote work and competency based in-service training to ensure that staff skills are up to date and competency is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84850298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2019.15001
Di Wang
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal genetic disease that results in abnormal bone formation (heterotopic ossification) in areas of skeletal muscles and connective tissues. Genetic studies have identified the causative mutations in Activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2), a type I receptor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Currently no effective treatments are available for FOP, and the disease is often misdiagnosed for less awareness. It is believed that China has the largest number of FOP patients in the world due to its population. However, most Chinese FOP studies were reported in mandarin, instead of English, the international language of science. In this article, I have identified 126 reported Chinese FOP cases by literature search and analyzed these cases from aspects of disease epidemiology, great toe clinical sign, causative mutations and onset ages. In addition, I summarize the most updated knowledge as well as current ongoing clinical trials in FOP field.
{"title":"Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva in China,An Updated Review","authors":"Di Wang","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2019.15001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2019.15001","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal genetic disease that results in abnormal bone formation (heterotopic ossification) in areas of skeletal muscles and connective tissues. Genetic studies have identified the causative mutations in Activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2), a type I receptor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Currently no effective treatments are available for FOP, and the disease is often misdiagnosed for less awareness. It is believed that China has the largest number of FOP patients in the world due to its population. However, most Chinese FOP studies were reported in mandarin, instead of English, the international language of science. In this article, I have identified 126 reported Chinese FOP cases by literature search and analyzed these cases from aspects of disease epidemiology, great toe clinical sign, causative mutations and onset ages. In addition, I summarize the most updated knowledge as well as current ongoing clinical trials in FOP field.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89919231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2018.14048
S. Jayaweera, L. Gonawala, N. Wijekoon, R. Silva
Mammalian dosage compensation is a complex mechanism allowing inactivation of single X chromosome of the female to compensate to that of the X chromosome of the male. The mechanism includes many long non-coding RNA; mainly XIST, a noncoding RNA which coats the X chromosome to be inactivated and TSIX, another noncoding RNA act as a negative regulator of XIST preventing inactivation of the second X chromosome. Both XIST and TSIX and several other transcription factors along with polycomb proteins (PRC) work together in controlling the inactivation of one X chromosome while the other X chromosome remains active. This is facilitated by the sensing mechanism called the n-1 theory, induced by the X pairing region (XPR) allowing X chromosome pairing before inactivation. X inactivation occurs randomly and begins at the late blastocyst stage of an embryo when the cells start to differentiate by losing pluripotency. Therefore, pluripotent factors play an important role in inducing X chromosome inactivation. Once X chromosome is inactivated it is passed along cell division and maintained throughout life. This review discusses up-to-date discovered pathways involved in mammalian dosage compensation, from initiation to maintenance of the X chromosome inactivation and potential therapeutic effects for X chromosome-linked disorders.
{"title":"Up to Date Discoveries of X Chromosome Inactivation in Humans Leading to Prospective Treatments for Chromosome-linked Disorders","authors":"S. Jayaweera, L. Gonawala, N. Wijekoon, R. Silva","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2018.14048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2018.14048","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian dosage compensation is a complex mechanism allowing inactivation of single X chromosome of the female to compensate to that of the X chromosome of the male. The mechanism includes many long non-coding RNA; mainly XIST, a noncoding RNA which coats the X chromosome to be inactivated and TSIX, another noncoding RNA act as a negative regulator of XIST preventing inactivation of the second X chromosome. Both XIST and TSIX and several other transcription factors along with polycomb proteins (PRC) work together in controlling the inactivation of one X chromosome while the other X chromosome remains active. This is facilitated by the sensing mechanism called the n-1 theory, induced by the X pairing region (XPR) allowing X chromosome pairing before inactivation. X inactivation occurs randomly and begins at the late blastocyst stage of an embryo when the cells start to differentiate by losing pluripotency. Therefore, pluripotent factors play an important role in inducing X chromosome inactivation. Once X chromosome is inactivated it is passed along cell division and maintained throughout life. This review discusses up-to-date discovered pathways involved in mammalian dosage compensation, from initiation to maintenance of the X chromosome inactivation and potential therapeutic effects for X chromosome-linked disorders.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78000092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2018.14074
C. Casu, M. Nosotti, L. Viganó
Aim: To report a clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a particular case of traumatic fibroma associated an occlusal defect. Background: Fibroma is benign neoplasm, whose causative agent is represented by a chronic or a traumatic stimulus. Case report: A 52-year-old healthy woman, came to our observation with a condition of an increased volume of the gingival tissue in the region between the back of the upper central incisors and the palatine wrinkles. In the middle of the exophytic lesion, could be noted invaginations that corresponded to the incisal edges of the lower incisors. An orthopantomoghraph and Dental Scan was performed that showed a reduction of the bone tissue and the thinning of the corresponding gingival cortex, to the area of incisal traumatism. The hystological examination confirmed the presence of an inflammatory hyperplasia, with traumatic etiology. Conclusion: The patient was advised to the use of a soft resin bite to reduce occlusal trauma and was sent to a gnathologist for an appropriate treatment plan.
{"title":"Gingival Hyperplasia with Bone Resorption as a Chronic Trauma associated with an Occlusal Defect","authors":"C. Casu, M. Nosotti, L. Viganó","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2018.14074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2018.14074","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To report a clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a particular case of traumatic fibroma associated an occlusal defect. Background: Fibroma is benign neoplasm, whose causative agent is represented by a chronic or a traumatic stimulus. Case report: A 52-year-old healthy woman, came to our observation with a condition of an increased volume of the gingival tissue in the region between the back of the upper central incisors and the palatine wrinkles. In the middle of the exophytic lesion, could be noted invaginations that corresponded to the incisal edges of the lower incisors. An orthopantomoghraph and Dental Scan was performed that showed a reduction of the bone tissue and the thinning of the corresponding gingival cortex, to the area of incisal traumatism. The hystological examination confirmed the presence of an inflammatory hyperplasia, with traumatic etiology. Conclusion: The patient was advised to the use of a soft resin bite to reduce occlusal trauma and was sent to a gnathologist for an appropriate treatment plan.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83206032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2018.14085
S. Khaladkar, Aarushi Gupta, S. Saluja, R. Savani, Radhika K. Jaipuria
Hamartoma is defined as non-neoplastic malformation characterized by proliferation of mature cells and tissues indigenous to the affected part. Excess of one or more tissues in a disorganized manner can occur. Usually hamartomas are present at birth or in young age but also reported in later ages of life. Hence diagnosis of hematomas cannot be made on the age factor. No diagnostic criteria have been laid down for Neurovascular Hamartoma (NVH). NVH contain small to medium sized vessels and closely packed groups of well-formed nerve bundles in loose connective tissue matrix. NMH are rare intra-neural hamartomas having admixture of mature neural elements, mature skeletal elements and no cellular atypia. We report a case of 25-year-old male patient with swelling in left scapular region since 12 years. On imaging, it was diagnosed as neurovascular lipomatous hamartoma due to admixture of neural elements, fat and vessels.
{"title":"Neurovascular Lipomatous Hamartoma in scapular region","authors":"S. Khaladkar, Aarushi Gupta, S. Saluja, R. Savani, Radhika K. Jaipuria","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2018.14085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2018.14085","url":null,"abstract":"Hamartoma is defined as non-neoplastic malformation characterized by proliferation of mature cells and tissues indigenous to the affected part. Excess of one or more tissues in a disorganized manner can occur. Usually hamartomas are present at birth or in young age but also reported in later ages of life. Hence diagnosis of hematomas cannot be made on the age factor. No diagnostic criteria have been laid down for Neurovascular Hamartoma (NVH). NVH contain small to medium sized vessels and closely packed groups of well-formed nerve bundles in loose connective tissue matrix. NMH are rare intra-neural hamartomas having admixture of mature neural elements, mature skeletal elements and no cellular atypia. We report a case of 25-year-old male patient with swelling in left scapular region since 12 years. On imaging, it was diagnosed as neurovascular lipomatous hamartoma due to admixture of neural elements, fat and vessels.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83602045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2018.14078
Cinzia Ferreri, M. Testa, M. Feola
The cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) includes a variety of pathologic conditions (acute or chronic) where the primary failing organ can be either the heart or the kidney. We present three cases of heart failure (HF) patients hospitalized for acute decompensation, who presented a CRS type II rapidly worsening after high doses of furosemide infusion. METHODS: From June 2015 to March 2016 all patients admitted to our Department for chronic refractory heart failure (NYHA class IV), underwent a determination of BNP and other laboratory tests (creatinine, GFR, haemoglobin), echocardiogram, non-invasive cardiac output measurement and 6 min walking test. Patients underwent a single infusion of levosimendan in case of CRS type II, at 0.1 µg/kg/min for 24-36 hours. Clinical / laboratory evaluation was repeated 24 hours and 1 week after infusion of the drug. RESULTS: Patients treated with levosimendan allowed the reduction of loop diuretics dose, because of the restoration of renal function. Body weight and peripheral edema were progressively reduced, and cardiac output improved. At discharge, exercise capacity significantly improved, functional class proved to be in NYHA class II-III, renal function and neurohormonal assessment (BNP) ameliorated. At one-month follow-up the clinical conditions remained stable as well as the parameters of renal function and plasma BNP. CONCLUSION: This clinical experience demonstrated that one of most frequent and dangerous evolution of renal impairment (development of Acute Kidney Injury) might be improved by using a single dose of levosimendan, which has a proved effect in improving cardiac function and urine output.
{"title":"The Role of Levosimendan Infusion in Improving Renal Function in Worsening Type II Cardio-Renal Syndrome","authors":"Cinzia Ferreri, M. Testa, M. Feola","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2018.14078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2018.14078","url":null,"abstract":"The cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) includes a variety of pathologic conditions (acute or chronic) where the primary failing organ can be either the heart or the kidney. We present three cases of heart failure (HF) patients hospitalized for acute decompensation, who presented a CRS type II rapidly worsening after high doses of furosemide infusion. METHODS: From June 2015 to March 2016 all patients admitted to our Department for chronic refractory heart failure (NYHA class IV), underwent a determination of BNP and other laboratory tests (creatinine, GFR, haemoglobin), echocardiogram, non-invasive cardiac output measurement and 6 min walking test. Patients underwent a single infusion of levosimendan in case of CRS type II, at 0.1 µg/kg/min for 24-36 hours. Clinical / laboratory evaluation was repeated 24 hours and 1 week after infusion of the drug. RESULTS: Patients treated with levosimendan allowed the reduction of loop diuretics dose, because of the restoration of renal function. Body weight and peripheral edema were progressively reduced, and cardiac output improved. At discharge, exercise capacity significantly improved, functional class proved to be in NYHA class II-III, renal function and neurohormonal assessment (BNP) ameliorated. At one-month follow-up the clinical conditions remained stable as well as the parameters of renal function and plasma BNP. CONCLUSION: This clinical experience demonstrated that one of most frequent and dangerous evolution of renal impairment (development of Acute Kidney Injury) might be improved by using a single dose of levosimendan, which has a proved effect in improving cardiac function and urine output.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83001014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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