Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12120
A. Mousavi, M. Karimi-Zarchi, N. Behtash, Mitra Modares-Gilani, Mahnaz Mokhtari-Gorgani, N. Mehrdad, M. Rouhi, P. Y. Anari
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecology malignancy. The aim of this study was to assess the role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with carboplatin, as a consolidative treatment, in reducing relapse and increasing survival of patients in advanced epithelial ovarian cancers, as well as evaluation of its toxicity. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in stages II-IV in Gynecology oncology department in Valiasr University Hospital, Tehran during 2005-2010. They were enrolled through non-random sequential selection. They divided into 18 cases as the intervention group (receiving intraperitoneal chemotherapy) and 12 patients as the control group (with only retrospective follow-up). The cases received 3 cycles of 400 mg/m2 intraperitoneal carboplatin every 21 days following intravenous chemotherapy. Mean survival of two and five years, progression-free interval, overall survival, relapse, demographic parameters, drug toxicities and pathologic types of cancers were coded in the two groups and compared using SPSS 14. Results: The mean ages of cases and controls were 52.4 ± 8.6 and 55.1 ± 11.5 years. The mean duration of relapse-free survival was 13 ± 8.6 months for the cases and 9.5 ± 4.3 months for the control patients (not statistically different, P>0.05). The mean overall survival for cases and controls were 39 ± 16.5 and 30.8 ± 16.2 months, respectively (no significant difference, P>0.05). The frequency of drug toxicities in the cases was 5.6%, and consisted of mild-to-moderate abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: consolidation therapy with intraperitoneal carboplatin may not increase overall survival, reduce relapse rate or decrease mortality, though it does not induce considerable side effects.
{"title":"The Role of Intraperitoneal Carboplatin as Consalidation Chemotherapy in Women with Ovarian Carcinoma: Report of Our Experience and Systematic Review","authors":"A. Mousavi, M. Karimi-Zarchi, N. Behtash, Mitra Modares-Gilani, Mahnaz Mokhtari-Gorgani, N. Mehrdad, M. Rouhi, P. Y. Anari","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecology malignancy. The aim of this study was to assess the role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with carboplatin, as a consolidative treatment, in reducing relapse and increasing survival of patients in advanced epithelial ovarian cancers, as well as evaluation of its toxicity. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in stages II-IV in Gynecology oncology department in Valiasr University Hospital, Tehran during 2005-2010. They were enrolled through non-random sequential selection. They divided into 18 cases as the intervention group (receiving intraperitoneal chemotherapy) and 12 patients as the control group (with only retrospective follow-up). The cases received 3 cycles of 400 mg/m2 intraperitoneal carboplatin every 21 days following intravenous chemotherapy. Mean survival of two and five years, progression-free interval, overall survival, relapse, demographic parameters, drug toxicities and pathologic types of cancers were coded in the two groups and compared using SPSS 14. Results: The mean ages of cases and controls were 52.4 ± 8.6 and 55.1 ± 11.5 years. The mean duration of relapse-free survival was 13 ± 8.6 months for the cases and 9.5 ± 4.3 months for the control patients (not statistically different, P>0.05). The mean overall survival for cases and controls were 39 ± 16.5 and 30.8 ± 16.2 months, respectively (no significant difference, P>0.05). The frequency of drug toxicities in the cases was 5.6%, and consisted of mild-to-moderate abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: consolidation therapy with intraperitoneal carboplatin may not increase overall survival, reduce relapse rate or decrease mortality, though it does not induce considerable side effects.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86706472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12079
K. Pandya, S. Kosta
Biomedical research is contributing significant role in the field of biomedical engineering and applied science. It brings research and innovations to a different level. This study investigated artificial human blood –synthetic plasma liquid as conductive medium. Keeping in mind the conductivity of synthetic plasma, astable multivibrator as well as differential amplifier circuit were demonstrated. The circuits were given normal input voltages at regular temperature and ideal conditions. The result shows desired response which supports the novel concept. For both the circuits, phase shift of 180° achieved by analysing biological electronic circuits.
{"title":"Synthetic Plasma Liquid Based Electronic Circuits Realization-A Novel Concept","authors":"K. Pandya, S. Kosta","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12079","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical research is contributing significant role in the field of biomedical engineering and applied science. It brings research and innovations to a different level. This study investigated artificial human blood –synthetic plasma liquid as conductive medium. Keeping in mind the conductivity of synthetic plasma, astable multivibrator as well as differential amplifier circuit were demonstrated. The circuits were given normal input voltages at regular temperature and ideal conditions. The result shows desired response which supports the novel concept. For both the circuits, phase shift of 180° achieved by analysing biological electronic circuits.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89454157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12115
M. Pilevarzadeh
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Iranian women. Early diagnosis of the disease is vitally important in successful treating of it and reducing its mortality and care-cost burden. In our country, the major causes of mortality and other unfavorable complications of the disease are due to late referring of women. Breast Self -Examination (BSE) is a low-cost, low-risk, self-performed screening, which, according to the evidence from the literature improves the prospects for women’s survival. A content analysis with a qualitative approach was conducted in depth on women through semi-structured (individual and group) interviews. Based on the result analysis, one them related to women’s prospect BSE: Including Fearful feeling, with 2 Sub-themes A: Change body image B: Uncertain future. Training courses on breast cancer and BSE screening program for women (vulnerable poor population) is necessary so as to change their beliefs and culture in order to promote this health behavior.
{"title":"Women’s Perspective of Breast Self-examination","authors":"M. Pilevarzadeh","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12115","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Iranian women. Early diagnosis of the disease is vitally important in successful treating of it and reducing its mortality and care-cost burden. In our country, the major causes of mortality and other unfavorable complications of the disease are due to late referring of women. Breast Self -Examination (BSE) is a low-cost, low-risk, self-performed screening, which, according to the evidence from the literature improves the prospects for women’s survival. A content analysis with a qualitative approach was conducted in depth on women through semi-structured (individual and group) interviews. Based on the result analysis, one them related to women’s prospect BSE: Including Fearful feeling, with 2 Sub-themes A: Change body image B: Uncertain future. Training courses on breast cancer and BSE screening program for women (vulnerable poor population) is necessary so as to change their beliefs and culture in order to promote this health behavior.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91135256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12083
Brandon Y. Li
Clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated infectious diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Detection of C. difficile by anaerobic bacterial culture and/or cytotoxicity assays has been largely replaced by rapid enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, due to the lack of sensitivity of stool EIA, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR assay targeting the C. difficile toxin genes tcdB. stool samples from hospitalized pediatric patients suspected of having C. difficile-associated disease were prospectively collected. Three testing modalities were evaluated, including enriched culture, cepheid Xpert and real-time Pcr (tcdB) on stool samples performed with tcdB gene-specific primers and hydrolysis probes. A total of 150 de-identified clinical specimen were analyzed. The sensitivities of stool real-time Pcr were 95% against cepheid Xpert C. difficile and 93% against enriched culture respectively, with a specificity of 97% and 94%. The lower limit of detection of the stool real-time PCR was 0.5 cFU/ml of per reaction for tcdB. Direct detection of C. difficile toxin genes in stool samples by real-time Pcr showed performance comparable to enriched culture. Real-time PCR of DNA from stool samples is a rapid and cost-effective diagnostic modality for patients that should facilitate appropriate patient management.
{"title":"A New Lab Developed Real Time PCR Assay for Direct Detection of C. Difficle from Stool Sample without DNA Extraction","authors":"Brandon Y. Li","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12083","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated infectious diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Detection of C. difficile by anaerobic bacterial culture and/or cytotoxicity assays has been largely replaced by rapid enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, due to the lack of sensitivity of stool EIA, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR assay targeting the C. difficile toxin genes tcdB. stool samples from hospitalized pediatric patients suspected of having C. difficile-associated disease were prospectively collected. Three testing modalities were evaluated, including enriched culture, cepheid Xpert and real-time Pcr (tcdB) on stool samples performed with tcdB gene-specific primers and hydrolysis probes. A total of 150 de-identified clinical specimen were analyzed. The sensitivities of stool real-time Pcr were 95% against cepheid Xpert C. difficile and 93% against enriched culture respectively, with a specificity of 97% and 94%. The lower limit of detection of the stool real-time PCR was 0.5 cFU/ml of per reaction for tcdB. Direct detection of C. difficile toxin genes in stool samples by real-time Pcr showed performance comparable to enriched culture. Real-time PCR of DNA from stool samples is a rapid and cost-effective diagnostic modality for patients that should facilitate appropriate patient management.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85010884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12095
A. Galal, F. Fadel, E. Mokhtar, Manal F Elshamaa, E. Elghoroury, S. Kamel, Gamila S M Elsaeed, Eman H. Thabet
Background and objectives: Data concerning the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its functional polymorphisms in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are conflicting. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of MMP-9in children with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and to explore its association with MMP-9 polymorphism and vitamin D levels as an important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods: We studied 55 children with ESRD on hemodialysis and 18 healthy children served as controls. MMP-9 and vitamin D levels were measured by ELISA in serum of all patients and controls. Genotypes for MMP-9 polymorphism(C-1562T) were determined by RFLP for only 28 of the patients and all the controls. Results: There were insignificantly reduced MMP-9levels of patients vs. controls, however, there was significant increase in MMP-9 levels associated with CC genotypes for(C-1562T) polymorphism compared with CT genotype (p=0.01). We found that at MMP-9 base position-1562, the frequencies of the genotypes CC and CT in Children on HD were 71.4% and 28.6% respectively while all our controls were of the CC genotype. The alleles frequencies of C and T in patients were 85.7% and 14.29% as compared to 100% and 0%, respectively in the controls. Significant decrease in vitamin D was observed in children on HD versus that in controls (p=0.008). Serum MMP9 levels and age were variables that were independently associated with CVD. Conclusions: MMP9 genetic polymorphism (C-1562T) affects MMP9alterations in ESRD children on HD and vitamin D deficiency is common in our HD pediatric patients who require attention in accordance with current practice guidelines. They probably require supplementation with higher doses of cholecalciferol.
{"title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 Levels in Children on Hemodialysis: Association with MMP-9 C-1562T Gene Polymorphism and Vitamin D Levels","authors":"A. Galal, F. Fadel, E. Mokhtar, Manal F Elshamaa, E. Elghoroury, S. Kamel, Gamila S M Elsaeed, Eman H. Thabet","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12095","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Data concerning the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its functional polymorphisms in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are conflicting. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of MMP-9in children with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and to explore its association with MMP-9 polymorphism and vitamin D levels as an important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods: We studied 55 children with ESRD on hemodialysis and 18 healthy children served as controls. MMP-9 and vitamin D levels were measured by ELISA in serum of all patients and controls. Genotypes for MMP-9 polymorphism(C-1562T) were determined by RFLP for only 28 of the patients and all the controls. Results: There were insignificantly reduced MMP-9levels of patients vs. controls, however, there was significant increase in MMP-9 levels associated with CC genotypes for(C-1562T) polymorphism compared with CT genotype (p=0.01). We found that at MMP-9 base position-1562, the frequencies of the genotypes CC and CT in Children on HD were 71.4% and 28.6% respectively while all our controls were of the CC genotype. The alleles frequencies of C and T in patients were 85.7% and 14.29% as compared to 100% and 0%, respectively in the controls. Significant decrease in vitamin D was observed in children on HD versus that in controls (p=0.008). Serum MMP9 levels and age were variables that were independently associated with CVD. Conclusions: MMP9 genetic polymorphism (C-1562T) affects MMP9alterations in ESRD children on HD and vitamin D deficiency is common in our HD pediatric patients who require attention in accordance with current practice guidelines. They probably require supplementation with higher doses of cholecalciferol.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72922933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12110
Ehsan Bolvardi, Seyyed Mohsen Pouryaghobi, Roohye Farzane, Niaz Mohammad Jafari Chokan, K. Ahmadi, H. Reihani
Cardiopulmonary arrest is the final result of many diseases and therefore, need for a careful implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) protocols in these cases is undeniably important. The introduction of ultrasound into the emergency department has potentially allowed the addition of an extra data point in the decision about when to cease cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of cardiac ultrasonography performed by emergency physicians to predict resuscitation outcome in adult cardiac arrest patients. Ultrasonographic examination of the subxiphoid cardiac area was made immediately after admission to the emergency department with pulseless cardiac arrest. Sonographic cardiac activity was defined as any detectable motion within the heart including the atria, ventricles or valves. Successful resuscitation was defined as: return of spontaneous circulation for ≥ 20 min; return of breathing; palpable pulse; measurable blood pressure. The present study includes 159 patients. The presence of sonographic cardiac activity at the beginning of resuscitation was significantly associated with a successful outcome (41/49 [83.7%] versus 15/110 [13.6%] patients without cardiac activity at the beginning of resuscitation). Ultrasonographic detection of cardiac activity may be useful in determining prognosis during cardiac arrest. Further studies are needed to elucidate the predictive value of ultrasonography in cardiac arrest patients.
{"title":"The Prognostic Value of Using Ultrasonography in Cardiac Resuscitation of Patients with Cardiac Arrest","authors":"Ehsan Bolvardi, Seyyed Mohsen Pouryaghobi, Roohye Farzane, Niaz Mohammad Jafari Chokan, K. Ahmadi, H. Reihani","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12110","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiopulmonary arrest is the final result of many diseases and therefore, need for a careful implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) protocols in these cases is undeniably important. The introduction of ultrasound into the emergency department has potentially allowed the addition of an extra data point in the decision about when to cease cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of cardiac ultrasonography performed by emergency physicians to predict resuscitation outcome in adult cardiac arrest patients. Ultrasonographic examination of the subxiphoid cardiac area was made immediately after admission to the emergency department with pulseless cardiac arrest. Sonographic cardiac activity was defined as any detectable motion within the heart including the atria, ventricles or valves. Successful resuscitation was defined as: return of spontaneous circulation for ≥ 20 min; return of breathing; palpable pulse; measurable blood pressure. The present study includes 159 patients. The presence of sonographic cardiac activity at the beginning of resuscitation was significantly associated with a successful outcome (41/49 [83.7%] versus 15/110 [13.6%] patients without cardiac activity at the beginning of resuscitation). Ultrasonographic detection of cardiac activity may be useful in determining prognosis during cardiac arrest. Further studies are needed to elucidate the predictive value of ultrasonography in cardiac arrest patients.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76848534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12105
M. Karimi-Zarchi, M. Z. Abadinezhad, B. Bonyadpour, S. Kabyrpour-Ashkezar, A. Abhaji
Background and aim: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common debilitating menstrual problems. The first therapeutic strategy for abnormal uterine bleeding is drug treatment. This study was, therefore, designed to determine the efficacy of megestrol, medroxyprogesterone, GnRh agonist, Levonorgestrol IUD and endometrial ablation on bleeding and also to evaluate the side effects of each methods in patients with menorrhagia who were admitted to the Shahid Sadoughi clinic of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: Based on an analytical study with consideration of patients’ medical history, 89 patients with age range of 25-50 years old were included. Each patient, under gynecologist supervision, received one of treatments for three month. The evaluation of patients bleeding in response to treatment were performed using a check list filled by patients and the results were compared before and after treatment. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol, GnRh agonist (Triptorelin embonate), Levonorgestrol IUD and endometrial ablation was used for patients as their characteristics. Each treatment was conducted for a period of 3 months. Megestrol 40 mg per day on an ongoing basis, medroxyprogesterone from 15th day of menstruation for 10 nights and Diphereline 3.75 mm (manufactured by Aria Health) were administered every 28 days. Mean of bleeding before and after treatment and complications of conservative therapy were evaluated. Statistical analysis of the data were performed using paired t test and Wilcoxon tests on spss-19 software. Result: Mean of age was 41.2 (25-50). Megestrol treatment with a frequency of 27% (24 patients) and endometrial ablation with a frequency of 20.2% (18 patients) were the most used therapy in this study. All of these ways of conservative treatment can decrease bleeding significantly. The complications of these methods of treatment were not significantly different. (p=0.37).Satisfaction of women after 2-3 months of treatment were increasing because spotting is common in the first months of therapy. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that all five methods are good enough to treat menorrhagia. All these methods can replace hysterectomy, especially in this age range in which preserve fertility is of particular importance, and patients can also be protected from hysterectomy, a heavy surgery, and surgery and post surgery complications.
{"title":"Evaluate the Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment for Menorrhagia in Women who were Admitted to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd-Iran in 2014-2015","authors":"M. Karimi-Zarchi, M. Z. Abadinezhad, B. Bonyadpour, S. Kabyrpour-Ashkezar, A. Abhaji","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12105","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common debilitating menstrual problems. The first therapeutic strategy for abnormal uterine bleeding is drug treatment. This study was, therefore, designed to determine the efficacy of megestrol, medroxyprogesterone, GnRh agonist, Levonorgestrol IUD and endometrial ablation on bleeding and also to evaluate the side effects of each methods in patients with menorrhagia who were admitted to the Shahid Sadoughi clinic of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: Based on an analytical study with consideration of patients’ medical history, 89 patients with age range of 25-50 years old were included. Each patient, under gynecologist supervision, received one of treatments for three month. The evaluation of patients bleeding in response to treatment were performed using a check list filled by patients and the results were compared before and after treatment. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol, GnRh agonist (Triptorelin embonate), Levonorgestrol IUD and endometrial ablation was used for patients as their characteristics. Each treatment was conducted for a period of 3 months. Megestrol 40 mg per day on an ongoing basis, medroxyprogesterone from 15th day of menstruation for 10 nights and Diphereline 3.75 mm (manufactured by Aria Health) were administered every 28 days. Mean of bleeding before and after treatment and complications of conservative therapy were evaluated. Statistical analysis of the data were performed using paired t test and Wilcoxon tests on spss-19 software. Result: Mean of age was 41.2 (25-50). Megestrol treatment with a frequency of 27% (24 patients) and endometrial ablation with a frequency of 20.2% (18 patients) were the most used therapy in this study. All of these ways of conservative treatment can decrease bleeding significantly. The complications of these methods of treatment were not significantly different. (p=0.37).Satisfaction of women after 2-3 months of treatment were increasing because spotting is common in the first months of therapy. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that all five methods are good enough to treat menorrhagia. All these methods can replace hysterectomy, especially in this age range in which preserve fertility is of particular importance, and patients can also be protected from hysterectomy, a heavy surgery, and surgery and post surgery complications.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78758056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12089
M. Asheghan, M. Hollisaz, A. S. Aghdam, Amidoddin Khatibiaghda
The aim of conducting this study was to determine the prevalence of PTS among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The study was conducted from March 2014 to April 2015 in the EDX ward and clinic of physical medicine and rehabilitation at the university hospital; Baqiytallah, a large referral practice and research center in Tehran. We included patients with clinical symptoms and signs of CTS. Clinical assessments were aimed to the diagnosis of CTS and PTS. At the next stage, ultrasound study was performed for the participants with suspected CTS. Sample size calculations were based on the formula: N=4[pq/w2]z1-α/22. Results showed that 13 (8.8%) patients presented electrodiagnostic, and 27 (18.2%) had clinical manifestations of pronator teres syndrome of which, 17 showed ultrasonic signs of the syndrome. In addition, 2, 7, and 8 out of the 17 patients had mild, moderate, and sever carpal tunnel syndrome, respectively. Age was not significantly different between the patients with, and without pronator teres syndrome (p-value=0.179). Nine participants with pronator teres syndrome were male and there was a significant difference concerning sex (p-value=0.013). There was a good agreement between electrodiagnostic and ultrasound findings (Cohen’s kappa coefficient=0.71, p-value<0.0001). Taken together, pronator teres syndrome should be considered as a possibility among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome especially in sever forms. Both electrodiagnostic and sonographic studies are efficient for diagnosing pronator teres syndrome. Men are more prone to develop pronator teres syndrome.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Pronator Teres among Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Cross-sectional Study","authors":"M. Asheghan, M. Hollisaz, A. S. Aghdam, Amidoddin Khatibiaghda","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12089","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of conducting this study was to determine the prevalence of PTS among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The study was conducted from March 2014 to April 2015 in the EDX ward and clinic of physical medicine and rehabilitation at the university hospital; Baqiytallah, a large referral practice and research center in Tehran. We included patients with clinical symptoms and signs of CTS. Clinical assessments were aimed to the diagnosis of CTS and PTS. At the next stage, ultrasound study was performed for the participants with suspected CTS. Sample size calculations were based on the formula: N=4[pq/w2]z1-α/22. Results showed that 13 (8.8%) patients presented electrodiagnostic, and 27 (18.2%) had clinical manifestations of pronator teres syndrome of which, 17 showed ultrasonic signs of the syndrome. In addition, 2, 7, and 8 out of the 17 patients had mild, moderate, and sever carpal tunnel syndrome, respectively. Age was not significantly different between the patients with, and without pronator teres syndrome (p-value=0.179). Nine participants with pronator teres syndrome were male and there was a significant difference concerning sex (p-value=0.013). There was a good agreement between electrodiagnostic and ultrasound findings (Cohen’s kappa coefficient=0.71, p-value<0.0001). Taken together, pronator teres syndrome should be considered as a possibility among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome especially in sever forms. Both electrodiagnostic and sonographic studies are efficient for diagnosing pronator teres syndrome. Men are more prone to develop pronator teres syndrome.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77169484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T cells are components of adaptive immunity and are involved in the resolution of respiratory infections, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Activation and differentiation of T cells is given mostly by the cytokine IL-2. This study aimed to determine the phenotype of T cells and IL-2 expression in children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). For this purpose, IL-2 expression at its gene and protein levels and quantitation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were assessed in children aged 0-5 years old suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with S. pyogenes and healthy children of the same age. Children with S. pyogenes infection had a higher expression of IL-2 gene and a lower level of this cytokine expression at protein level than healthy children. The numbers of CD4(+) T lymphocytes were similar among the groups. In contrast, difference in the numbers of CD8(+) T lymphocytes among the groups was found. We conclude that infections by S. pyogenes in young children lead to an increased expression of IL-2 mRNA.
{"title":"IL-2 Expression and T lymphocyte Phenotyping in Young Children Suffering from Upper Respiratory Tract Infection with Streptococcus Pyogenes.","authors":"Eda Guadalupe Ramirez-Valles, Verónica Dayali Gutierrez-Martinez, Maribel Cervantes-Flores, Estela Ruiz-Baca, Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cells are components of adaptive immunity and are involved in the resolution of respiratory infections, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Activation and differentiation of T cells is given mostly by the cytokine IL-2. This study aimed to determine the phenotype of T cells and IL-2 expression in children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). For this purpose, IL-2 expression at its gene and protein levels and quantitation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were assessed in children aged 0-5 years old suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with S. pyogenes and healthy children of the same age. Children with S. pyogenes infection had a higher expression of IL-2 gene and a lower level of this cytokine expression at protein level than healthy children. The numbers of CD4(+) T lymphocytes were similar among the groups. In contrast, difference in the numbers of CD8(+) T lymphocytes among the groups was found. We conclude that infections by S. pyogenes in young children lead to an increased expression of IL-2 mRNA. </p>","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4947089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34624816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2016.12053
Eda Guadalupe Ramirez-Valles, Verónica Dayali Gutierrez-Martinez, M. Cervantes-Flores, E. Ruiz-Baca, C. Alvarado-Esquivel
T cells are components of adaptive immunity and are involved in the resolution of respiratory infections, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Activation and differentiation of T cells is given mostly by the cytokine IL-2. This study aimed to determine the phenotype of T cells and IL-2 expression in children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). For this purpose, IL-2 expression at its gene and protein levels and quantitation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were assessed in children aged 0-5 years old suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with S. pyogenes and healthy children of the same age. Children with S. pyogenes infection had a higher expression of IL-2 gene and a lower level of this cytokine expression at protein level than healthy children. The numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes were similar among the groups. In contrast, difference in the numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes among the groups was found. We conclude that infections by S. pyogenes in young children lead to an increased expression of IL-2 mRNA.
{"title":"IL-2 Expression and T lymphocyte Phenotyping in Young Children Suffering from Upper Respiratory Tract Infection with Streptococcus Pyogenes","authors":"Eda Guadalupe Ramirez-Valles, Verónica Dayali Gutierrez-Martinez, M. Cervantes-Flores, E. Ruiz-Baca, C. Alvarado-Esquivel","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2016.12053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12053","url":null,"abstract":"T cells are components of adaptive immunity and are involved in the resolution of respiratory infections, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Activation and differentiation of T cells is given mostly by the cytokine IL-2. This study aimed to determine the phenotype of T cells and IL-2 expression in children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). For this purpose, IL-2 expression at its gene and protein levels and quantitation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were assessed in children aged 0-5 years old suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with S. pyogenes and healthy children of the same age. Children with S. pyogenes infection had a higher expression of IL-2 gene and a lower level of this cytokine expression at protein level than healthy children. The numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes were similar among the groups. In contrast, difference in the numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes among the groups was found. We conclude that infections by S. pyogenes in young children lead to an increased expression of IL-2 mRNA.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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