Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18005
Mengzhen Wang, Shan Zhao, Yudan Zhang, W. Liu, Jie Wu
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the members of the cys-loop ligandgated ion channel superfamily. They are cation-selective membrane proteins with a homopentameric or heteropentameric structure. The α7 subtype of nAChR (α7-nAChR) belongs to the classical homopentameric structure with the characteristics of relatively low affinity to agonists and high permeability to Ca2+. α7-nAChR plays an important role in modulating learning and memory, cognition, anti-inflammatory, growth and development, and other processes. There are many possible mechanisms underlying α7-nAChR-mediated modulations, including opening the high Ca2+ permeable channels, regulating presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and altering intracellular second messenger-mediated signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the signal pathways associated with α7-nAChR activation involving nucleotides, ions, lipids, and gas molecules. This article provides insights into α7-nAChR-mediated modulations through intracellular signaling systems and helps to understand the α7-nAChR-associated pathogenesis and therapeutics of a variety of diseases and disorders.
{"title":"Roles of Intracellular Second Messengers in Mediation of a7-nAChR-induced Modulations","authors":"Mengzhen Wang, Shan Zhao, Yudan Zhang, W. Liu, Jie Wu","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18005","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the members of the cys-loop ligandgated ion channel superfamily. They are cation-selective membrane proteins with a homopentameric or heteropentameric structure. The α7 subtype of nAChR (α7-nAChR) belongs to the classical homopentameric structure with the characteristics of relatively low affinity to agonists and high permeability to Ca2+. α7-nAChR plays an important role in modulating learning and memory, cognition, anti-inflammatory, growth and development, and other processes. There are many possible mechanisms underlying α7-nAChR-mediated modulations, including opening the high Ca2+ permeable channels, regulating presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and altering intracellular second messenger-mediated signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the signal pathways associated with α7-nAChR activation involving nucleotides, ions, lipids, and gas molecules. This article provides insights into α7-nAChR-mediated modulations through intracellular signaling systems and helps to understand the α7-nAChR-associated pathogenesis and therapeutics of a variety of diseases and disorders.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87036191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18001
Poojya Ramdev, C. Shruthi, Rimmi Jangada, Disha Kothari
Osseointegration is a critical factor for the clinical success of any oral implants. The unique characteristics of zirconia as a material for dental implants being high toughness and strength, aesthetic factor, excellent osseointegration behaviour and biocompatibility. Implants with rough surface favour bone anchoring, biomechanical stability, increased bone implant contact and removal torque or push in strength values compared to smooth surface implants. Greyish discoloration of peri-implant mucosa is a challenge especially in anterior titanium implant restoration. Zirconia abutments customized for single crown showed excellent survival for 5 years. Restoring single tooth and up to 3 adjacent missing teeth with zirconia implants are compatible to titanium implants. Evidence exists on improved osseointegration on surface modification of zirconia implants with enhanced cell response. Zirconia implants with modified surface displays features of osseointegration similar to titanium implants. Results are promising for dental application in future.
{"title":"Osseointegration in Zirconia Implants Stumbling into Evidence","authors":"Poojya Ramdev, C. Shruthi, Rimmi Jangada, Disha Kothari","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18001","url":null,"abstract":"Osseointegration is a critical factor for the clinical success of any oral implants. The unique characteristics of zirconia as a material for dental implants being high toughness and strength, aesthetic factor, excellent osseointegration behaviour and biocompatibility. Implants with rough surface favour bone anchoring, biomechanical stability, increased bone implant contact and removal torque or push in strength values compared to smooth surface implants. Greyish discoloration of peri-implant mucosa is a challenge especially in anterior titanium implant restoration. Zirconia abutments customized for single crown showed excellent survival for 5 years. Restoring single tooth and up to 3 adjacent missing teeth with zirconia implants are compatible to titanium implants. Evidence exists on improved osseointegration on surface modification of zirconia implants with enhanced cell response. Zirconia implants with modified surface displays features of osseointegration similar to titanium implants. Results are promising for dental application in future.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76910706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2022.18014
Yudan Zhang, Jingfu Zhao, Lin Sun, Menzheng Wang, W. Liu, Zhegang Ma, Shuangtao Li, Jie Wu
There is a significantly elevated incidence of epilepsy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Burgeoning evidence indicates that soluble beta-amyloid peptides oligomers (oAβ) are vital players in driving neuronal hyperactivity in AD. It is well known that the modulations of the cannabinoid system exhibit neuroprotective effects in various neurological diseases, including AD. However, a consensus is yet to emerge as to the impact of hippocampal cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) in protecting hippocampal neurons against Aβ-induced neuronal hyperexcitation. Here, we report that chronic treatment of primary hippocampal neuronal cultures with 100 nM Aβ1–42 oligomers for 7 days results in a neuronal hyperexcitation. Further, pre-treatments of CB2R agonist (JWH133, 1 μM with Aβ1–42 for 7 days) significantly protect hippocampal neurons against Aβ-increased hyperexcitation, including prolonged action potential (AP) initiation, enhanced after hyperpolarization (AHP), and decreased AP numbers. These effects are eliminated by a selective CB2R antagonist, AM630. Furthermore, when the oAβ-increased neuronal hyperexcitation has already formed (pretreated with oAβ1–42 for 5 days), the addition of JWH133 also abolishes the Aβ’s effects. Collectively, our results suggest that the selective activation of hippocampal CB2Rs not only prevents Aβ-increased neuronal hyperexcitation, but also abolishes the established neuronal hyperexcitation, which underlies our recent findings that CB2Rs play a critical role in protection of hippocampal neurons against the Aβ-induced neuronal toxicity and degeneration. This novel finding suggests a potentially therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD using CB2R agonists.
{"title":"Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Protects Rat Hippocampal Neurons against Chronic, Oligomeric A_-induced Neuronal Hyperexcitation","authors":"Yudan Zhang, Jingfu Zhao, Lin Sun, Menzheng Wang, W. Liu, Zhegang Ma, Shuangtao Li, Jie Wu","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2022.18014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2022.18014","url":null,"abstract":"There is a significantly elevated incidence of epilepsy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Burgeoning evidence indicates that soluble beta-amyloid peptides oligomers (oAβ) are vital players in driving neuronal hyperactivity in AD. It is well known that the modulations of the cannabinoid system exhibit neuroprotective effects in various neurological diseases, including AD. However, a consensus is yet to emerge as to the impact of hippocampal cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) in protecting hippocampal neurons against Aβ-induced neuronal hyperexcitation. Here, we report that chronic treatment of primary hippocampal neuronal cultures with 100 nM Aβ1–42 oligomers for 7 days results in a neuronal hyperexcitation. Further, pre-treatments of CB2R agonist (JWH133, 1 μM with Aβ1–42 for 7 days) significantly protect hippocampal neurons against Aβ-increased hyperexcitation, including prolonged action potential (AP) initiation, enhanced after hyperpolarization (AHP), and decreased AP numbers. These effects are eliminated by a selective CB2R antagonist, AM630. Furthermore, when the oAβ-increased neuronal hyperexcitation has already formed (pretreated with oAβ1–42 for 5 days), the addition of JWH133 also abolishes the Aβ’s effects. Collectively, our results suggest that the selective activation of hippocampal CB2Rs not only prevents Aβ-increased neuronal hyperexcitation, but also abolishes the established neuronal hyperexcitation, which underlies our recent findings that CB2Rs play a critical role in protection of hippocampal neurons against the Aβ-induced neuronal toxicity and degeneration. This novel finding suggests a potentially therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD using CB2R agonists.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87700514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2021.17040
Sheng-Xing Ma
The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has quickly become a daunting challenge to global health. In the absence of satisfied therapy, effective treatment interventions are urgently needed. Previous studies have demonstrated that acupuncture is effective at relieving common symptoms of COVID-19 including breathlessness, nausea, insomnia, leukopenia, fatigue, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Experiments have shown that nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus with similar structures of COVID-19. Increase in level of NO by using NO gas inhalation has been shown to restore lung function by reducing airway resistance and improving virus-induced lung infections in SARS patients. Recent case report showed that a medical acupuncturist with symptoms consistent with severe COVID pneumonia achieved full recovery by self-administered medical acupuncture and cupping therapy at home. Clinical features and pathophysiology demonstrated that NO deficiency and endothelial dysfunction contribute to the development of COVID-19. Several studies from different groups consistently demonstrated that acupuncture increases NO synthase expression and induces an elevation of NO production and release in plasma and the local skin regions in both animals and humans. It is suggested that exogenous NO supplies or interventions that induce increasing levels of NO can play an important role in protective effects against inflammation and acute lung injury. This article reviews the rationale for mechanisms of NO induction induced by acupuncture in the possible treatment of COVID-19 and highlights its potential for contributing to better clinical outcomes and improving future clinical studies of acupuncture on treatment of COVID-19.
{"title":"Nitric Oxide on Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV 19: Toward Possible Role of Acupuncture Treatment.","authors":"Sheng-Xing Ma","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2021.17040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2021.17040","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has quickly become a daunting challenge to global health. In the absence of satisfied therapy, effective treatment interventions are urgently needed. Previous studies have demonstrated that acupuncture is effective at relieving common symptoms of COVID-19 including breathlessness, nausea, insomnia, leukopenia, fatigue, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Experiments have shown that nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus with similar structures of COVID-19. Increase in level of NO by using NO gas inhalation has been shown to restore lung function by reducing airway resistance and improving virus-induced lung infections in SARS patients. Recent case report showed that a medical acupuncturist with symptoms consistent with severe COVID pneumonia achieved full recovery by self-administered medical acupuncture and cupping therapy at home. Clinical features and pathophysiology demonstrated that NO deficiency and endothelial dysfunction contribute to the development of COVID-19. Several studies from different groups consistently demonstrated that acupuncture increases NO synthase expression and induces an elevation of NO production and release in plasma and the local skin regions in both animals and humans. It is suggested that exogenous NO supplies or interventions that induce increasing levels of NO can play an important role in protective effects against inflammation and acute lung injury. This article reviews the rationale for mechanisms of NO induction induced by acupuncture in the possible treatment of COVID-19 and highlights its potential for contributing to better clinical outcomes and improving future clinical studies of acupuncture on treatment of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75407846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has quickly become a daunting challenge to global health. In the absence of satisfied therapy, effective treatment interventions are urgently needed. Previous studies have demonstrated that acupuncture is effective at relieving common symptoms of COVID-19 including breathlessness, nausea, insomnia, leukopenia, fatigue, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Experiments have shown that nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus with similar structures of COVID-19. Increase in level of NO by using NO gas inhalation has been shown to restore lung function by reducing airway resistance and improving virus-induced lung infections in SARS patients. Recent case report showed that a medical acupuncturist with symptoms consistent with severe COVID pneumonia achieved full recovery by self-administered medical acupuncture and cupping therapy at home. Clinical features and pathophysiology demonstrated that NO deficiency and endothelial dysfunction contribute to the development of COVID-19. Several studies from different groups consistently demonstrated that acupuncture increases NO synthase expression and induces an elevation of NO production and release in plasma and the local skin regions in both animals and humans. It is suggested that exogenous NO supplies or interventions that induce increasing levels of NO can play an important role in protective effects against inflammation and acute lung injury. This article reviews the rationale for mechanisms of NO induction induced by acupuncture in the possible treatment of COVID-19 and highlights its potential for contributing to better clinical outcomes and improving future clinical studies of acupuncture on treatment of COVID-19.
{"title":"Nitric Oxide on Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV 19: Toward Possible Role of Acupuncture Treatment.","authors":"Sheng-Xing Ma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has quickly become a daunting challenge to global health. In the absence of satisfied therapy, effective treatment interventions are urgently needed. Previous studies have demonstrated that acupuncture is effective at relieving common symptoms of COVID-19 including breathlessness, nausea, insomnia, leukopenia, fatigue, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Experiments have shown that nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus with similar structures of COVID-19. Increase in level of NO by using NO gas inhalation has been shown to restore lung function by reducing airway resistance and improving virus-induced lung infections in SARS patients. Recent case report showed that a medical acupuncturist with symptoms consistent with severe COVID pneumonia achieved full recovery by self-administered medical acupuncture and cupping therapy at home. Clinical features and pathophysiology demonstrated that NO deficiency and endothelial dysfunction contribute to the development of COVID-19. Several studies from different groups consistently demonstrated that acupuncture increases NO synthase expression and induces an elevation of NO production and release in plasma and the local skin regions in both animals and humans. It is suggested that exogenous NO supplies or interventions that induce increasing levels of NO can play an important role in protective effects against inflammation and acute lung injury. This article reviews the rationale for mechanisms of NO induction induced by acupuncture in the possible treatment of COVID-19 and highlights its potential for contributing to better clinical outcomes and improving future clinical studies of acupuncture on treatment of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745007/pdf/nihms-1763665.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39901761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2021.17021
Ji Zhou, Hang Xu, Yumei Zhou
Huangdi Neijing - Su Wen (Su Wen) is the first recommended book for foreign readers who are interested in preservation of health and ancient Chinese culture. It is a pity that many life-nurturing terms in the classic were translated differently in different English versions, which may confuse and even misguide the readers. This study aimed at investigating foreignization and domestication on rendering life-nurturing terms in three representative versions of Su Wen. A corpus of 101 life-nurturing Chinese terms and their corresponding English versions was established. The translation methods of the terms without and with specific TCM concepts were identified and the translation strategies related to foreignization and domestication were analyzed to reveal the linguistic features of the translated life-nurturing terms in three versions. Our study found that translation methods such as literal translation, transliteration with additional explanation, and transliteration-literal translation could achieve the effect of foreignization while such translation methods as free translation, interpretive translation and literal translation with annotation could produce the effect of domestication. The results of the study suggest that foreignization rather than domestication is mainly applied in rendering the life-nurturing terms with specific TCM concepts to retain their unique linguistic and cultural features accurately, concisely and elegantly. The study of foreignization and domestication in the translation of life-nurturing terms is of great help to the translation of traditional Chinese medical classics with accuracy in meaning, smoothness in expression and faithfulness in style.
{"title":"Foreignization and Domestication on Translating Life-nurturing Terms in Three Versions of Huangdi Neijing - Su Wen","authors":"Ji Zhou, Hang Xu, Yumei Zhou","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2021.17021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2021.17021","url":null,"abstract":"Huangdi Neijing - Su Wen (Su Wen) is the first recommended book for foreign readers who are interested in preservation of health and ancient Chinese culture. It is a pity that many life-nurturing terms in the classic were translated differently in different English versions, which may confuse and even misguide the readers. This study aimed at investigating foreignization and domestication on rendering life-nurturing terms in three representative versions of Su Wen. A corpus of 101 life-nurturing Chinese terms and their corresponding English versions was established. The translation methods of the terms without and with specific TCM concepts were identified and the translation strategies related to foreignization and domestication were analyzed to reveal the linguistic features of the translated life-nurturing terms in three versions. Our study found that translation methods such as literal translation, transliteration with additional explanation, and transliteration-literal translation could achieve the effect of foreignization while such translation methods as free translation, interpretive translation and literal translation with annotation could produce the effect of domestication. The results of the study suggest that foreignization rather than domestication is mainly applied in rendering the life-nurturing terms with specific TCM concepts to retain their unique linguistic and cultural features accurately, concisely and elegantly. The study of foreignization and domestication in the translation of life-nurturing terms is of great help to the translation of traditional Chinese medical classics with accuracy in meaning, smoothness in expression and faithfulness in style.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82513865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2021.17028
Ezarul Faradianna Lokman, Siti Mastura Abdul Aziz, Aina Shafiza Ibrahim, Nurleyna Yunus, Awang Zulfikar Rizal Awang Seruji, Sal Hazreen Bugam
Resistant starch (RS) Sago (Metroxylon sagu) intake has been linked with the improvement in postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes management via several modes of action including delayed glucose absorption and inhibition of carbohydrate digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. However, to our knowledge, studies on local Malaysian sago RS associated with hepatic glucose production has not been reported elsewhere. Thus, this study was done to identify the underlying mechanisms of local Malaysian RS sago native and modified known as sago RS type 2 (sago RS2) and type 4 (sago RS4) respectively in glucose regulations by analyzing the targeted genes in hepatic glucose pathways. In this study, gene expression associated with Glucose and Glycogen Metabolism Pathways analysis in the liver of spontaneously type 2 diabetic rat, Goto kakizaki treated with water (control), Hi Maize (positive control), sago RS2 and RS4 was done using Rat Glucose Metabolism RT² Profiler PCR Array which consist of 84 genes. The results showed that several genes were significantly up- and down-regulated in the diabetic rats treated with Sago. Taldo1 was significantly upregulated whereas G6PC, Sdhb and Rplp1 genes were significantly downregulated in the rat liver treated with sago RS2. In the rat liver treated with sago RS4, Idh3g gene was significantly upregulated whereas G6pc, Pdk3, Eno3, Sdhb, Galm and Tkt genes were significantly downregulated. The gene expressions identified are associated in the blood glucose homeostasis involving the regulation and enzymatic pathways of glucose and glycogen metabolisms. In conclusion, the genes identified might be useful for therapeutic targets in glucose lowering effects by reducing hepatic glucose output indicating potential of our local sago in managing diabetes.
{"title":"Hepatic Glucose Regulations by Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Resistant Starch in Diabetic Goto Kakizaki Rat","authors":"Ezarul Faradianna Lokman, Siti Mastura Abdul Aziz, Aina Shafiza Ibrahim, Nurleyna Yunus, Awang Zulfikar Rizal Awang Seruji, Sal Hazreen Bugam","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2021.17028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2021.17028","url":null,"abstract":"Resistant starch (RS) Sago (Metroxylon sagu) intake has been linked with the improvement in postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes management via several modes of action including delayed glucose absorption and inhibition of carbohydrate digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. However, to our knowledge, studies on local Malaysian sago RS associated with hepatic glucose production has not been reported elsewhere. Thus, this study was done to identify the underlying mechanisms of local Malaysian RS sago native and modified known as sago RS type 2 (sago RS2) and type 4 (sago RS4) respectively in glucose regulations by analyzing the targeted genes in hepatic glucose pathways. In this study, gene expression associated with Glucose and Glycogen Metabolism Pathways analysis in the liver of spontaneously type 2 diabetic rat, Goto kakizaki treated with water (control), Hi Maize (positive control), sago RS2 and RS4 was done using Rat Glucose Metabolism RT² Profiler PCR Array which consist of 84 genes. The results showed that several genes were significantly up- and down-regulated in the diabetic rats treated with Sago. Taldo1 was significantly upregulated whereas G6PC, Sdhb and Rplp1 genes were significantly downregulated in the rat liver treated with sago RS2. In the rat liver treated with sago RS4, Idh3g gene was significantly upregulated whereas G6pc, Pdk3, Eno3, Sdhb, Galm and Tkt genes were significantly downregulated. The gene expressions identified are associated in the blood glucose homeostasis involving the regulation and enzymatic pathways of glucose and glycogen metabolisms. In conclusion, the genes identified might be useful for therapeutic targets in glucose lowering effects by reducing hepatic glucose output indicating potential of our local sago in managing diabetes.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86110875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2021.17034
Elizabeth Wu
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive disorder that affects millions of people, and that number continues to grow each year. Currently, the exact causes of AD are not fully understood, and there are no cures are available. Recently, many studies have shown that curcumin treatment may be beneficial to AD. Nevertheless, the efficacy of curcumin is significantly limited by its low aqueous solubility and poor capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier. To address this challenge, curcumin-loaded nanoparticles have been extensively studied, showing improved efficacy for AD treatment. However, to date, comparative studies for the efficacy of curcumin delivered by different nanoparticle types for the AD treatment are lacking. In this article, I review two types of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles, and conduct a meta-analysis to compare their efficacies for the treatment of AD. The meta-analysis result indicates that there is no statistical significance in the efficacy of these two types of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles for the AD though each type of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles shows favorable outcomes in comparison to the control groups, suggesting that either polymer nanoparticles or lipid nanoparticles for curcumin delivery would be equally effective for AD treatment.
{"title":"Curcumin-Loaded Lipid and Polymer Nanoparticles for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment","authors":"Elizabeth Wu","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2021.17034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2021.17034","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive disorder that affects millions of people, and that number continues to grow each year. Currently, the exact causes of AD are not fully understood, and there are no cures are available. Recently, many studies have shown that curcumin treatment may be beneficial to AD. Nevertheless, the efficacy of curcumin is significantly limited by its low aqueous solubility and poor capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier. To address this challenge, curcumin-loaded nanoparticles have been extensively studied, showing improved efficacy for AD treatment. However, to date, comparative studies for the efficacy of curcumin delivered by different nanoparticle types for the AD treatment are lacking. In this article, I review two types of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles, and conduct a meta-analysis to compare their efficacies for the treatment of AD. The meta-analysis result indicates that there is no statistical significance in the efficacy of these two types of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles for the AD though each type of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles shows favorable outcomes in comparison to the control groups, suggesting that either polymer nanoparticles or lipid nanoparticles for curcumin delivery would be equally effective for AD treatment.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87506590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2021.17015
Idaguko C. Anna, Sanyaolu A. Omolara, Nwakanma A. Akudo, Muobike E. Chinne
Aim: This study investigated the outcome of administration of the methanolic root bark extract of Chrysophyllum albidum orally on normal blood glucose levels and haematological indices in rats. Materials and methods: Twenty adult rats were grouped into 4 groups of 5 rats each. The control group (A) was administered distilled water of 0.5 ml while the treatment groups B, C and D received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of methanolic root bark extract of C. albidum respectively for 21 days. Before the commencement of the experiment, blood glucose was checked for all the groups. Blood was collected at the end of the test period to analysed changes in blood glucose levels and haematological parameters. Results: The RBC, PCV, Hb, MCH, MCV, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils were not significantly (P<0.05) different in all the extract doses when compared with the control group. Furthermore, WBC, eosinophils, neutrophils and platelets counts were significantly increased (P<0.05) in all the groups treated with the extract in a dose-dependent form when compared to that of the control. Also, a significant (P<0.05) reduction in blood glucose in groups administered with 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of the C. albidum relative to the control group was noted. However, a significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight of all groups treated with the extract when compared with the control group was also noted. Conclusion: The results suggest that methanolic root bark extract of C. albidum may be used to boost thrombopoiesis and also has hypoglycemic properties.
{"title":"Haematological and Blood Glucose Evaluation in Rats Treated with Methanolic Root Bark Extract of Chrysophyllum Albidum","authors":"Idaguko C. Anna, Sanyaolu A. Omolara, Nwakanma A. Akudo, Muobike E. Chinne","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2021.17015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2021.17015","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study investigated the outcome of administration of the methanolic root bark extract of Chrysophyllum albidum orally on normal blood glucose levels and haematological indices in rats. Materials and methods: Twenty adult rats were grouped into 4 groups of 5 rats each. The control group (A) was administered distilled water of 0.5 ml while the treatment groups B, C and D received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of methanolic root bark extract of C. albidum respectively for 21 days. Before the commencement of the experiment, blood glucose was checked for all the groups. Blood was collected at the end of the test period to analysed changes in blood glucose levels and haematological parameters. Results: The RBC, PCV, Hb, MCH, MCV, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils were not significantly (P<0.05) different in all the extract doses when compared with the control group. Furthermore, WBC, eosinophils, neutrophils and platelets counts were significantly increased (P<0.05) in all the groups treated with the extract in a dose-dependent form when compared to that of the control. Also, a significant (P<0.05) reduction in blood glucose in groups administered with 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of the C. albidum relative to the control group was noted. However, a significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight of all groups treated with the extract when compared with the control group was also noted. Conclusion: The results suggest that methanolic root bark extract of C. albidum may be used to boost thrombopoiesis and also has hypoglycemic properties.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86092177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2021.17006
S. Ige, Adenike Mariam Adeniyi, Sakirat Deebby Ibrahim
BACKGROUND: Studies have documented the contributions of alcohol to ulcerative colitis (UC) development. The present study sought to determine the specific pattern of hematological and immunological indices in experimental ulcerative colitis rats exposed to different alcohol intervention schedules. METHODS: 28 female Wistar rats weighing between 150-200 g were randomly divided into control, non-alcohol colitis (NAC), low-frequency alcohol colitis (LAC) and high-frequency alcohol colitis (HAC) groups. Experimental UC was induced through a single intra-colic instillation of 1 ml/100g of 7% acetic acid and rats were administered 20% v/v of ethanol ad libitum. RESULTS: When compared with NAC group, LAC elicited a significant increase (P<0.05) in white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and myeloperoxidase while monocytes, lymphocytes, platelet, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione decreased. Also, HAC caused an increase in myeloperoxidase and a decrease in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), neutrophils, platelet, SOD, catalase, glutathione and tumor necrosis factor (α-TNF) when compared with NAC group. On the other hand, LAC raised WBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, platelet, MCV and α-TNF but decreased lymphocyte and monocyte when compared with HAC group. Histological analyses also revealed disruption of normal colonic integrity in NAC, LAC, and HAC. CONCLUSION: Low-frequency alcohol intake was relatively more granulocytic, inflammatory, thrombocytic, macrocytic and agranulopenic in colitis female rats than high-frequency alcohol intake.
{"title":"Hematological and Immunological Characterizations of Experimental Ulcerative Colitis Rats: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption Pattern","authors":"S. Ige, Adenike Mariam Adeniyi, Sakirat Deebby Ibrahim","doi":"10.59566/ijbs.2021.17006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2021.17006","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Studies have documented the contributions of alcohol to ulcerative colitis (UC) development. The present study sought to determine the specific pattern of hematological and immunological indices in experimental ulcerative colitis rats exposed to different alcohol intervention schedules. METHODS: 28 female Wistar rats weighing between 150-200 g were randomly divided into control, non-alcohol colitis (NAC), low-frequency alcohol colitis (LAC) and high-frequency alcohol colitis (HAC) groups. Experimental UC was induced through a single intra-colic instillation of 1 ml/100g of 7% acetic acid and rats were administered 20% v/v of ethanol ad libitum. RESULTS: When compared with NAC group, LAC elicited a significant increase (P<0.05) in white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and myeloperoxidase while monocytes, lymphocytes, platelet, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione decreased. Also, HAC caused an increase in myeloperoxidase and a decrease in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), neutrophils, platelet, SOD, catalase, glutathione and tumor necrosis factor (α-TNF) when compared with NAC group. On the other hand, LAC raised WBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, platelet, MCV and α-TNF but decreased lymphocyte and monocyte when compared with HAC group. Histological analyses also revealed disruption of normal colonic integrity in NAC, LAC, and HAC. CONCLUSION: Low-frequency alcohol intake was relatively more granulocytic, inflammatory, thrombocytic, macrocytic and agranulopenic in colitis female rats than high-frequency alcohol intake.","PeriodicalId":13852,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89284059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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