International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.
Reviewers for Volume 15, Number 2
Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria
Ahmet Ozan Gezerman, Toros Agri-Industry, Research and Development Center, Turkey
Chennaiah Ande, University of Georgia, USA
Ho Soon Min, INTI International University, Malaysia
Hui Tan, Columbia University, USA
Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA
Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam, Al-Ahlyyia Amman University, Jordan
Mustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, Turkey
Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia
Nurul Jannah Abd Rahman, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia
Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
Sitaram Acharya, Dallas College, USA
Urbain Amah Kuevi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
Vinícius Silva Pinto, Federal Institute of Goiás, Brazil
Albert John
On behalf of,
The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry
Canadian Center of Science and Education
{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 15, No. 2","authors":"Albert John","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n2p62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n2p62","url":null,"abstract":"International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. 
 
  
 
 Reviewers for Volume 15, Number 2
 
  
 
  
 
 Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria
 
 Ahmet Ozan Gezerman, Toros Agri-Industry, Research and Development Center, Turkey
 
 Chennaiah Ande, University of Georgia, USA
 
 Ho Soon Min, INTI International University, Malaysia
 
 Hui Tan, Columbia University, USA
 
 Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA
 
 Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam, Al-Ahlyyia Amman University, Jordan
 
 Mustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, Turkey
 
 Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia
 
 Nurul Jannah Abd Rahman, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia
 
 Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
 
 Sitaram Acharya, Dallas College, USA
 
 Urbain Amah Kuevi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
 
 Vinícius Silva Pinto, Federal Institute of Goiás, Brazil
 
 Albert John
 
 On behalf of,
 
 The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry 
 
 Canadian Center of Science and Education","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable technology used in waste treatment and bioenergy production. It is chemically represented by the Buswell’s equation which is a significant model for counting theoretical quantity of biomethane. Although pure organic degradable substances or mixtures have been well studied by using Buswell’s equation, organochlorine compounds have not yet been explored. This article has three purposes. First, a new general Buswell’s equation for organochlorine compounds is deducted. Second, the impact of chlorine element in agricultural wastes on quantity of biomethane is studied. Third, the mathematical relationships among quantity of biomethane, theoretical biochemical methane potential, and biodegradability index are explored.
{"title":"Using Buswell’s Equation to Count Quantity of Biomethane in Organochlorine Compounds","authors":"Pong Kau Yuen, Cheng Man Diana Lau","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n2p34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n2p34","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable technology used in waste treatment and bioenergy production. It is chemically represented by the Buswell’s equation which is a significant model for counting theoretical quantity of biomethane. Although pure organic degradable substances or mixtures have been well studied by using Buswell’s equation, organochlorine compounds have not yet been explored. This article has three purposes. First, a new general Buswell’s equation for organochlorine compounds is deducted. Second, the impact of chlorine element in agricultural wastes on quantity of biomethane is studied. Third, the mathematical relationships among quantity of biomethane, theoretical biochemical methane potential, and biodegradability index are explored.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William B. Jensen, Roger W. Kugel, Allan R. Pinhas
This short review proposes a revision to the currently accepted textbook mechanism for the direct Friedel-Crafts chlorination of benzene. After briefly reviewing the history of Friedel-Crafts chemistry and the origins of the current textbook mechanism for the direct chlorination of benzene, it is pointed out how this mechanism is at variance with the predictions of both generalized Lewis acid-base chemistry and simple frontier orbital theory, which require that dichlorine should function as a sigma antibonding electron-pair acceptor (σ*-EPA) or electrophile (Lewis acid) rather than as a pi antibonding electron-pair donor (π*-EPD) or nucleophile (Lewis base). A modification of the currently accepted mechanism consistent with these concepts is then proposed. After reviewing the debates over the structure of the active catalyst, previous proposals for the modification of the current mechanism, and other examples in which the dihalogens function as σ*-EPA electrophiles, the revised mechanism is evaluated using DFT calculations.
{"title":"The Mechanism of Friedel-Crafts Chlorination Historically Reconsidered","authors":"William B. Jensen, Roger W. Kugel, Allan R. Pinhas","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n2p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n2p50","url":null,"abstract":"This short review proposes a revision to the currently accepted textbook mechanism for the direct Friedel-Crafts chlorination of benzene. After briefly reviewing the history of Friedel-Crafts chemistry and the origins of the current textbook mechanism for the direct chlorination of benzene, it is pointed out how this mechanism is at variance with the predictions of both generalized Lewis acid-base chemistry and simple frontier orbital theory, which require that dichlorine should function as a sigma antibonding electron-pair acceptor (σ*-EPA) or electrophile (Lewis acid) rather than as a pi antibonding electron-pair donor (π*-EPD) or nucleophile (Lewis base). A modification of the currently accepted mechanism consistent with these concepts is then proposed. After reviewing the debates over the structure of the active catalyst, previous proposals for the modification of the current mechanism, and other examples in which the dihalogens function as σ*-EPA electrophiles, the revised mechanism is evaluated using DFT calculations.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microwave irradiation has been utilized in the syntheses of a wide variety of organic compounds due to its shorter reaction times and improved selectivities. Since ferrocene is an organometallic compound consisting of an iron center sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl rings, the iron moiety was expected to efficiently absorb microwave irradiation, thereby resulting in the ferrocene molecules exhibiting an antenna effect. Thus, we herein confirmed this antenna effect by employing an esterification reaction as a model reaction, using both ferrocene and benzene derivatives under microwave irradiation and conventional heating conditions for comparison purposes. It was also found that the reaction could be carried out at lower temperature using ferrocene derivatives.
{"title":"Effect of the Ferrocene Nucleus on the Microwave-Accelerated Esterification Reaction","authors":"Yutaka Okada, Masashi Tachi","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n2p26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n2p26","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave irradiation has been utilized in the syntheses of a wide variety of organic compounds due to its shorter reaction times and improved selectivities. Since ferrocene is an organometallic compound consisting of an iron center sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl rings, the iron moiety was expected to efficiently absorb microwave irradiation, thereby resulting in the ferrocene molecules exhibiting an antenna effect. Thus, we herein confirmed this antenna effect by employing an esterification reaction as a model reaction, using both ferrocene and benzene derivatives under microwave irradiation and conventional heating conditions for comparison purposes. It was also found that the reaction could be carried out at lower temperature using ferrocene derivatives.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The notion of oxidation number acting as an electron-counting concept is crucial for balancing redox reactions, and for understanding organic and biological redox conversions. Chemical formula methods are widely used for counting oxidation numbers. There are three types of chemical formula methods. They are molecular formula method, structural formula method, and Lewis formula method. Each type has its own rules and procedures, and they are difficult for students to fully understand and remember. In addition, the capability of the molecular formula method to assign mean oxidation number of organic carbons for organic molecules or molecular ions is limited. To overcome these drawbacks, this article explores a new half reaction approach, the carbon-atom method, which can count the mean oxidation number of organic carbons for both organic and bioorganic compounds. The quantitative relationships among the number of transferred electrons, change in oxidation numbers of organic carbons, and mean oxidation number of organic carbons can also be established by balancing half organic reactions. Furthermore, the mean oxidation number of organic carbons for any given organic or bioorganic compounds with known structural formulas can be determined by using the carbon-atom method and the fragmentation operation.
{"title":"Using the Carbon-Atom Method to Determine Mean Oxidation Number of Organic Carbons","authors":"Pong Kau Yuen, C. M. Lau","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n2p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n2p13","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of oxidation number acting as an electron-counting concept is crucial for balancing redox reactions, and for understanding organic and biological redox conversions. Chemical formula methods are widely used for counting oxidation numbers. There are three types of chemical formula methods. They are molecular formula method, structural formula method, and Lewis formula method. Each type has its own rules and procedures, and they are difficult for students to fully understand and remember. In addition, the capability of the molecular formula method to assign mean oxidation number of organic carbons for organic molecules or molecular ions is limited. To overcome these drawbacks, this article explores a new half reaction approach, the carbon-atom method, which can count the mean oxidation number of organic carbons for both organic and bioorganic compounds. The quantitative relationships among the number of transferred electrons, change in oxidation numbers of organic carbons, and mean oxidation number of organic carbons can also be established by balancing half organic reactions. Furthermore, the mean oxidation number of organic carbons for any given organic or bioorganic compounds with known structural formulas can be determined by using the carbon-atom method and the fragmentation operation.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83394992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defining and balancing redox reactions are core knowledge and skills in the study of chemistry. The most common method to perform these two tasks is the oxidation number method, which combines mathematical operations and application of oxidation number. However, when oxidation number is not known, it is not applicable. Algebraic methods can balance all chemical reactions mathematically, but they cannot define redox reactions chemically. This article explores the electrical charge method for balancing, quantifying, and defining redox reactions. This method only requires the balancing of atoms and electrical charges. There is no need to determine oxidation number or count the number of transferred electrons. It works effectively in complicated cases where oxidation number is uncertain and where there are more than two sets of redox couples. Furthermore, the net-charge of a redox couple can function as a counting concept to determine its number of transferred electrons and change of oxidation numbers. The electrical charge method also initiates a new charge model, which complements the conventional electron model and oxidation number model, for defining redox reactions.
{"title":"Electrical Charge Method for Balancing, Quantifying, and Defining Redox Reactions","authors":"Pong Kau Yuen, C. M. Lau","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Defining and balancing redox reactions are core knowledge and skills in the study of chemistry. The most common method to perform these two tasks is the oxidation number method, which combines mathematical operations and application of oxidation number. However, when oxidation number is not known, it is not applicable. Algebraic methods can balance all chemical reactions mathematically, but they cannot define redox reactions chemically. This article explores the electrical charge method for balancing, quantifying, and defining redox reactions. This method only requires the balancing of atoms and electrical charges. There is no need to determine oxidation number or count the number of transferred electrons. It works effectively in complicated cases where oxidation number is uncertain and where there are more than two sets of redox couples. Furthermore, the net-charge of a redox couple can function as a counting concept to determine its number of transferred electrons and change of oxidation numbers. The electrical charge method also initiates a new charge model, which complements the conventional electron model and oxidation number model, for defining redox reactions.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73685937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Reviewers for Volume 15, Number 1 Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Chennaiah Ande, University of Georgia, USA Daniel Rivera-Vazquez, Northwestern State University of Louisiana, USA Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia Rodrigo Vieira Rodrigues, University of São Paulo, Brazil Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia Sitaram Acharya, Dallas College, USA Vinícius Silva Pinto, Instituto Federal Goiano, Brazil Yu Chen, Henkel Co. Ltd., USA Albert John On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry Canadian Center of Science and Education
{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 15, No. 1","authors":"A. John","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n1p67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n1p67","url":null,"abstract":"International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Reviewers for Volume 15, Number 1 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa \u0000 \u0000Chennaiah Ande, University of Georgia, USA \u0000 \u0000Daniel Rivera-Vazquez, Northwestern State University of Louisiana, USA \u0000 \u0000Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA \u0000 \u0000Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia \u0000 \u0000Rodrigo Vieira Rodrigues, University of São Paulo, Brazil \u0000 \u0000Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia \u0000 \u0000Sitaram Acharya, Dallas College, USA \u0000 \u0000Vinícius Silva Pinto, Instituto Federal Goiano, Brazil \u0000 \u0000Yu Chen, Henkel Co. Ltd., USA \u0000 \u0000Albert John \u0000 \u0000On behalf of, \u0000 \u0000The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry \u0000 \u0000Canadian Center of Science and Education","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78771957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisbeth Mendoza, Liadis Bedoya, Elvia V. Cabrera, D. Arrieche, A. K. Banerjee
Polyphosphoric acid (PPA), a powerful dehydrating agent, has been widely used to perform several important organic reactions and thus has played an important role in the synthesis of organic compounds and natural products. The present micro review describes briefly the use of PPA (i) in the cyclization of acids on the aromatic ring (ii) in acetylation and isopropylation on the aromatic ring, (iii)hydrolysis of esters, (iv) cleavage of epoxides and (v) synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
{"title":"Polyphosphoric Acid in Organic Synthesis","authors":"Lisbeth Mendoza, Liadis Bedoya, Elvia V. Cabrera, D. Arrieche, A. K. Banerjee","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n1p47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n1p47","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphosphoric acid (PPA), a powerful dehydrating agent, has been widely used to perform several important organic reactions and thus has played an important role in the synthesis of organic compounds and natural products. The present micro review describes briefly the use of PPA (i) in the cyclization of acids on the aromatic ring (ii) in acetylation and isopropylation on the aromatic ring, (iii)hydrolysis of esters, (iv) cleavage of epoxides and (v) synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88861911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Tigori, Yeo Mamadou, N’guadi Blaise Allou, P. Niamien
The use of therapeutic molecules in corrosion inhibition field contributes to environment preservation. In this context that this current work applies quantum chemical method to study the interaction between some metals and four compounds with antidepression effect. Which compounds are clomipramine, imipramine, amoxapine and iproniazide. The inhibition properties of these compounds in acidic media were evaluated by density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional in 6-31G(d,p) basis set. It was proved that these compounds have a strong electron donating and accepting capacity. This capacity is influenced by their substituents. The low energy gap (DE) values obtained denote that these molecules are highly reactive and can form coordination bonds for the establishment of a barrier on metal surface that could reduce corrosion process. Reactivity sites prediction were carried out by Fukui functions ( fk+, fk- ) and dual descriptor (∆fkr) ,it appears that the centers of nucleophilic attacks are in general nitrogen (N) atoms whereas the centers of electrophilic attacks are only carbon atoms (C).
{"title":"A Density Functional Theory Study to Analyze the Inhibition Potential of Some Antidepressant Molecules on Metal Corrosion in Acidic Media","authors":"M. A. Tigori, Yeo Mamadou, N’guadi Blaise Allou, P. Niamien","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n1p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n1p31","url":null,"abstract":"The use of therapeutic molecules in corrosion inhibition field contributes to environment preservation. In this context that this current work applies quantum chemical method to study the interaction between some metals and four compounds with antidepression effect. Which compounds are clomipramine, imipramine, amoxapine and iproniazide. The inhibition properties of these compounds in acidic media were evaluated by density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional in 6-31G(d,p) basis set. It was proved that these compounds have a strong electron donating and accepting capacity. This capacity is influenced by their substituents. The low energy gap (DE) values obtained denote that these molecules are highly reactive and can form coordination bonds for the establishment of a barrier on metal surface that could reduce corrosion process. Reactivity sites prediction were carried out by Fukui functions ( fk+, fk- ) and dual descriptor (∆fkr) ,it appears that the centers of nucleophilic attacks are in general nitrogen (N) atoms whereas the centers of electrophilic attacks are only carbon atoms (C).","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72771436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two storage energy reactions, namely，carbon gasification C+CO2=2CO and Steam gasification C+H2O=H2+CO reactions were compared. The results show that the Steam gasification reaction has many advantages, such as: higher caloric value of gas, high storage energy index, faster reaction speed, abundant resources, low price, low production cost, significant emission reduction, environmental protection. Convenient for rural promotion. Water naturally can protect the earth and mankind.
{"title":"Water Can Protect the Earth and People-A Comparison of Two Energy Storage Reactions","authors":"Jiawei Jin","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n1p26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n1p26","url":null,"abstract":"Two storage energy reactions, namely，carbon gasification C+CO2=2CO and Steam gasification C+H2O=H2+CO reactions were compared. The results show that the Steam gasification reaction has many advantages, such as: higher caloric value of gas, high storage energy index, faster reaction speed, abundant resources, low price, low production cost, significant emission reduction, environmental protection. Convenient for rural promotion. Water naturally can protect the earth and mankind.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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