The immobilization of metal oxide nanoparticles into different anchoring media has recently gained great interest owing to their applications in water treatment. The choice of the polymers for the incorporation of the active catalyst particle is highly motivated by several advantages displayed by them. These include mechanical stability, chemical inertness and resistance to ultraviolet radiations, environmental stability, ease availability, and low prices. Additionally, the use of polymer nanocomposite materials (PNMs) as photocatalysts offers the possibility of a facile separation and reuse of the materials, eliminating thus the post-treatment separation processes and implicitly reducing the costs of the procedure. However, this review paper focused on recent advances made in PNMs for the photocatalytic decontamination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental matrices. It further explores some trends in research and the markets. The review also shows the current advances made on the understanding of detoxification mechanisms and toxicological effects of PAHs in photocatalytic processes as a green alternative method for environmental pollution control and remediation. It further critically explores different ways to improve workflows for PNMs characterization and testing and the emerging need for the analysis of PAHs. It finally provides insights into the understanding of how to set up and optimize manufacturing methods of PNMs while avoiding costly time traps that prevent getting the correct answer in addressing PAH-related environmental pollution problems.
{"title":"Advances in Polymer Nanocomposite Materials for Photocatalytic Degradation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Matrices: A Review","authors":"A. Munyengabe, L. Sibali, P. Ndibewu","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n1p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n1p13","url":null,"abstract":"The immobilization of metal oxide nanoparticles into different anchoring media has recently gained great interest owing to their applications in water treatment. The choice of the polymers for the incorporation of the active catalyst particle is highly motivated by several advantages displayed by them. These include mechanical stability, chemical inertness and resistance to ultraviolet radiations, environmental stability, ease availability, and low prices. Additionally, the use of polymer nanocomposite materials (PNMs) as photocatalysts offers the possibility of a facile separation and reuse of the materials, eliminating thus the post-treatment separation processes and implicitly reducing the costs of the procedure. However, this review paper focused on recent advances made in PNMs for the photocatalytic decontamination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental matrices. It further explores some trends in research and the markets. The review also shows the current advances made on the understanding of detoxification mechanisms and toxicological effects of PAHs in photocatalytic processes as a green alternative method for environmental pollution control and remediation. It further critically explores different ways to improve workflows for PNMs characterization and testing and the emerging need for the analysis of PAHs. It finally provides insights into the understanding of how to set up and optimize manufacturing methods of PNMs while avoiding costly time traps that prevent getting the correct answer in addressing PAH-related environmental pollution problems. ","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87120298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
François Kadjo Kassi, M. Koné, B. Ouattara, Georges Stéphane Dembélé, P. Karamanis, N. Ziao
The aim of this work is to develop and improve anthelmintics that can contribute effectively to the control of certain new and resistant races of nematodes in the treatment of parasitic diseases in humans. This situation is of increasing concern to the agricultural, medical and health communities. The research carried out is particularly interested in the determination of the lipophilicity of a series of substituted molecules of the benzymidazolyl-chalcone family, molecules with proven activity against worms. This work has enabled us to predict and better understand their biological activities (antihistamines, antifungals, antiallergics, antibacterials and antivirals). It has also allowed us to identify the best anthelmintics that offer a broad spectrum of action, a high degree of efficacy, a good safety margin and a high degree of flexibility of use in order to limit resistance problems. The REKKER, KLOPMAN and IROFF methods and the MOLINSPIRATION software were used to determine the lipophilicity of these molecules. The values obtained for the partition coefficients revealed that these molecules are naturally lipophilic. These results allow us to appreciate the important role of molecular lipophilicity calculation methods in determining the mode of action of bioactive molecules.
{"title":"Characterisation of the Molecular Lipophilicity of a Series of Seven Benzymidazolyl-Chalcone Molecules with Anthelmintic Activities","authors":"François Kadjo Kassi, M. Koné, B. Ouattara, Georges Stéphane Dembélé, P. Karamanis, N. Ziao","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v15n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to develop and improve anthelmintics that can contribute effectively to the control of certain new and resistant races of nematodes in the treatment of parasitic diseases in humans. This situation is of increasing concern to the agricultural, medical and health communities. The research carried out is particularly interested in the determination of the lipophilicity of a series of substituted molecules of the benzymidazolyl-chalcone family, molecules with proven activity against worms. This work has enabled us to predict and better understand their biological activities (antihistamines, antifungals, antiallergics, antibacterials and antivirals). It has also allowed us to identify the best anthelmintics that offer a broad spectrum of action, a high degree of efficacy, a good safety margin and a high degree of flexibility of use in order to limit resistance problems. The REKKER, KLOPMAN and IROFF methods and the MOLINSPIRATION software were used to determine the lipophilicity of these molecules. The values obtained for the partition coefficients revealed that these molecules are naturally lipophilic. These results allow us to appreciate the important role of molecular lipophilicity calculation methods in determining the mode of action of bioactive molecules.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83469780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ousmane Niass, A. Diop, Issa Samb, A. Diop, A. Dieng, Y. Diop
The use of medicinal plants remains important in West Africa where Combretaceae are among the most widely used for the treatment and herbal teas. The objective of this study is to extract total alkaloids from four plants of the Combretaceae family and test their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results of the extraction showed that Combretum glutinosum is the richest with 0.61% in alkaloids. It is followed by Anogeissus leiocarpus, 0.13%. The study of antimicrobial activity has globally shown that alkaloids are more active against fungi than against bacteria. In this study, the lowest MIC, 93µg/ml, was obtained with alkaloids from Guiera senegalensis against Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, the total alkaloids extracted from Combretum glutinosum are the only ones that are active against all strains, both bacterial and fungal.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Essay of Alkaloids Extracted from Four Combretaceae Used in Senegal","authors":"Ousmane Niass, A. Diop, Issa Samb, A. Diop, A. Dieng, Y. Diop","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v14n2p59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v14n2p59","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants remains important in West Africa where Combretaceae are among the most widely used for the treatment and herbal teas. The objective of this study is to extract total alkaloids from four plants of the Combretaceae family and test their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results of the extraction showed that Combretum glutinosum is the richest with 0.61% in alkaloids. It is followed by Anogeissus leiocarpus, 0.13%. The study of antimicrobial activity has globally shown that alkaloids are more active against fungi than against bacteria. In this study, the lowest MIC, 93µg/ml, was obtained with alkaloids from Guiera senegalensis against Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, the total alkaloids extracted from Combretum glutinosum are the only ones that are active against all strains, both bacterial and fungal.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"17 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91291766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For millennia, people have utilized essential oil-rich plants to control mosquitoes and other hematophagous insects. A review of the literature found that terpenoids and "sesquiterpenoid-rich oils" were effective in mosquito control. Due to the benign impression and successful prevention of mosquito bites, there has been a recent surge in the acceptance of biobased agents as mosquito control solutions, in conjunction with the worldwide demand to take action to battle climate change and its consequences. Materials for this review, which included works published for the last decade and even earlier, were sourced from the research databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and JSTOR using the keywords "essential oils," "larvicidal activity," "oviposition deterrent," "repellents," "toxicity," "safety," and "efficacy." " Recent research has found that low and middle-income African populations prefer plant-based repellents over manufactured chemical repellents such as N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide and N, N-diethyl phenylacetamide. Although ethnobotanical studies have demonstrated that biobased repellents are effective, environmentally friendly, and have almost no biohazard impact, they are also a source of bioactive substances for the creation of novel mosquito repellent products. The World Health Organization and other relevant agencies have yet to certify and accept the bulk of these plants with potential viability. Furthermore, there is a very limited comparison list of the efficiency and safety of these plant-based repellents. As a result, there is a need to further investigate these bio-based natural repellents and their formulations for successful mosquito control, allowing for the production of novel repellents that deliver high repellence while also ensuring consumer safety.
几千年来，人们一直利用富含精油的植物来控制蚊子和其他吸血昆虫。对文献的回顾发现，萜类和“富含倍半萜类的油”对蚊虫控制有效。由于蚊虫叮咬的良好印象和成功预防，结合世界范围内采取行动应对气候变化及其后果的需求，最近接受生物基制剂作为蚊虫控制解决方案的人数激增。本综述的材料，包括过去十年甚至更早发表的作品，来源于研究数据库Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed、ERIC、IEEE Xplore、ScienceDirect、DOAJ、JSTOR，关键词为“精油”、“杀幼虫活性”、“产卵威慑”、“驱蚊剂”、“毒性”、“安全性”和“有效性”。最近的研究发现，非洲低收入和中等收入人群更喜欢植物驱蚊剂，而不是制造的化学驱蚊剂，如N, N-二乙基-间甲苯酰胺和N, N-二乙基苯乙酰胺。虽然民族植物学研究已经证明，生物基驱蚊剂是有效的，环境友好的，几乎没有生物危害影响，它们也是一种生物活性物质的来源，用于创造新的驱蚊产品。世界卫生组织和其他有关机构尚未对这些具有潜在生存能力的大部分植物进行认证和接受。此外，这些植物驱蚊剂的效率和安全性的比较清单非常有限。因此，有必要进一步研究这些生物基天然驱蚊剂及其配方，以成功控制蚊子，从而生产出在确保消费者安全的同时提供高驱蚊效果的新型驱蚊剂。
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Essential Oils in The Control of Mosquito: A Review of Research Findings","authors":"Z. Ladan, B. Okoli, F. Mtunzi","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v14n2p45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v14n2p45","url":null,"abstract":"For millennia, people have utilized essential oil-rich plants to control mosquitoes and other hematophagous insects. A review of the literature found that terpenoids and \"sesquiterpenoid-rich oils\" were effective in mosquito control. Due to the benign impression and successful prevention of mosquito bites, there has been a recent surge in the acceptance of biobased agents as mosquito control solutions, in conjunction with the worldwide demand to take action to battle climate change and its consequences. Materials for this review, which included works published for the last decade and even earlier, were sourced from the research databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and JSTOR using the keywords \"essential oils,\" \"larvicidal activity,\" \"oviposition deterrent,\" \"repellents,\" \"toxicity,\" \"safety,\" and \"efficacy.\" \" Recent research has found that low and middle-income African populations prefer plant-based repellents over manufactured chemical repellents such as N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide and N, N-diethyl phenylacetamide. Although ethnobotanical studies have demonstrated that biobased repellents are effective, environmentally friendly, and have almost no biohazard impact, they are also a source of bioactive substances for the creation of novel mosquito repellent products. The World Health Organization and other relevant agencies have yet to certify and accept the bulk of these plants with potential viability. Furthermore, there is a very limited comparison list of the efficiency and safety of these plant-based repellents. As a result, there is a need to further investigate these bio-based natural repellents and their formulations for successful mosquito control, allowing for the production of novel repellents that deliver high repellence while also ensuring consumer safety.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"327 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76365989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tasneem Sarwar, Huma Shakoor, Janas Khan, A.A. Shah, Shehla Amin, Anum Sajjad, Ziaullah Ziaullah, J. Iqbal
Present study was carried out to assess different parameters (physiochemical) of water for public health safety. 25 samples from majority of areas of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) along with Rawalpindi and Islamabad were chosen. Total twelve parameter which include color, odour, pH, TSS (total suspended solids), TDS (total dissolved solids), Na (Sodium), K (Potassium), hardness, alkalinity, EC (Electric Conductivity), Cl (Chloride) and SO4 (Sulphate) were assessed for each sample and were compared with WHO and other limits. Results showed that very few samples 3 out of 14 in Mardan, 5/12 in Bannu, 2/11 in Buner, 3/4 in Batkhela, 1/6 in Malakand, 2/4 in Shangla, 3/18 in Mansehra, 2/7 in Karak, 1/17 in Kohat, 2/5 in Upper Dir, 3/12 in Islamabad, 3/11 in Abbottabad and 2 out of 17 samples were found to have objectionable color and odour. None of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of WHO for pH, TDS, alkalinity, Cl and SO4. While, other parameters like TSS was higher in 9 samples, Na in 2, K in 6, hardness in 1 and EC in 7 as compare to permissible limit. It was recommended that proper water treatment especially effective chlorination with residual chlorine be rendered at all sources in order to achieve safe water quality up to the consumer’s end. However, it is also important to investigate other potential water contaminations such as chemicals and microbial and radiological materials for a longer period of time, including human body fluids, in order to assess the overall water quality of Pakistan.
{"title":"Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameters in Different Cities of Pakistan","authors":"Tasneem Sarwar, Huma Shakoor, Janas Khan, A.A. Shah, Shehla Amin, Anum Sajjad, Ziaullah Ziaullah, J. Iqbal","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v14n2p28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v14n2p28","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was carried out to assess different parameters (physiochemical) of water for public health safety. 25 samples from majority of areas of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) along with Rawalpindi and Islamabad were chosen. Total twelve parameter which include color, odour, pH, TSS (total suspended solids), TDS (total dissolved solids), Na (Sodium), K (Potassium), hardness, alkalinity, EC (Electric Conductivity), Cl (Chloride) and SO4 (Sulphate) were assessed for each sample and were compared with WHO and other limits. Results showed that very few samples 3 out of 14 in Mardan, 5/12 in Bannu, 2/11 in Buner, 3/4 in Batkhela, 1/6 in Malakand, 2/4 in Shangla, 3/18 in Mansehra, 2/7 in Karak, 1/17 in Kohat, 2/5 in Upper Dir, 3/12 in Islamabad, 3/11 in Abbottabad and 2 out of 17 samples were found to have objectionable color and odour. None of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of WHO for pH, TDS, alkalinity, Cl and SO4. While, other parameters like TSS was higher in 9 samples, Na in 2, K in 6, hardness in 1 and EC in 7 as compare to permissible limit. It was recommended that proper water treatment especially effective chlorination with residual chlorine be rendered at all sources in order to achieve safe water quality up to the consumer’s end. However, it is also important to investigate other potential water contaminations such as chemicals and microbial and radiological materials for a longer period of time, including human body fluids, in order to assess the overall water quality of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85177438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diethyl ether is considered as one of the simplest and lightest oxygenated fuels, which has higher octane and thermal energy than dimethyl ether. Diethyl ether can be considered as one of renewable fuels and is produced by applying a reactive distillation method. Reaction distillation is a complex process in the chemical industry in which the chemical separation and the chemical reaction are carried out simultaneously. In this paper, applying a high purity ethanol dewatering, the process of reactive distillation in the production of diethyl ether is simulated by using Aspen Hysys software. Different models of activity coefficients have been analyzed in this paper. The best model for molecular diethyl ether was found to be one of the most important cases in simulating a diethyl ether unit to obtain a strong thermodynamic model for highly unrealistic behavior of fluid-liquid-vapor balance in this system. Finally, results of simulation with the data are compared and a very good match has been observed.
{"title":"Use of a Reactive Distillation in the Process of Producing Diethyl Ether Using Dewatering of Ethanol","authors":"Elaheh Mash Attar","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v14n2p18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v14n2p18","url":null,"abstract":"Diethyl ether is considered as one of the simplest and lightest oxygenated fuels, which has higher octane and thermal energy than dimethyl ether. Diethyl ether can be considered as one of renewable fuels and is produced by applying a reactive distillation method. Reaction distillation is a complex process in the chemical industry in which the chemical separation and the chemical reaction are carried out simultaneously. In this paper, applying a high purity ethanol dewatering, the process of reactive distillation in the production of diethyl ether is simulated by using Aspen Hysys software. Different models of activity coefficients have been analyzed in this paper. The best model for molecular diethyl ether was found to be one of the most important cases in simulating a diethyl ether unit to obtain a strong thermodynamic model for highly unrealistic behavior of fluid-liquid-vapor balance in this system. Finally, results of simulation with the data are compared and a very good match has been observed.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84353939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single crystals of iron(II) tartrate hemi-pentahydrate, FeC4H4O6·2.5H2O, were grown by the gel method using silica gels. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the single crystals. The space group symmetry (orthorhombic P212121) and structural parameters were determined at room temperature. The crystal structure consisted of slightly distorted FeO6 octahedra, C4H4O6 and H2O molecules, C4H4O6–Fe–C4H4O6 chains jointed by Fe–O bonds, and O–H···O hydrogen-bonding frameworks between adjacent molecules. Weight losses due to thermal decomposition of the crystal were found to occur in the temperature range of 300–1060 K. We inferred that the weight losses were caused by the evaporation of bound water molecules and the evolution of H2CO, CO, and O2 gases from C4H4O6 molecules, and that the black residue after decomposition was composed of triiron tetraoxide (Fe3O4) and carbon.
采用硅胶凝胶法制备半五水酒石酸铁(II)单晶FeC4H4O6·2.5H2O。对单晶进行了差示扫描量热法、热重-差示热分析和x射线衍射测量。在室温下测定了空间群对称性(正交P212121)和结构参数。晶体结构由轻微扭曲的FeO6八面体、C4H4O6和H2O分子、由Fe-O键连接的C4H4O6 - fe - C4H4O6链和相邻分子之间的O - h···O氢键框架组成。在300 - 1060k的温度范围内，由于晶体的热分解引起的重量损失被发现。我们推测失重是由结合水分子蒸发和由C4H4O6分子演化出H2CO、CO和O2气体引起的，分解后的黑色残渣由四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)和碳组成。
{"title":"Crystal Growth, Structural and Thermal Studies of FeC4H4O6·2.5H2O","authors":"T. Fukami, S. Tahara","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v14n2p8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v14n2p8","url":null,"abstract":"Single crystals of iron(II) tartrate hemi-pentahydrate, FeC4H4O6·2.5H2O, were grown by the gel method using silica gels. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the single crystals. The space group symmetry (orthorhombic P212121) and structural parameters were determined at room temperature. The crystal structure consisted of slightly distorted FeO6 octahedra, C4H4O6 and H2O molecules, C4H4O6–Fe–C4H4O6 chains jointed by Fe–O bonds, and O–H···O hydrogen-bonding frameworks between adjacent molecules. Weight losses due to thermal decomposition of the crystal were found to occur in the temperature range of 300–1060 K. We inferred that the weight losses were caused by the evaporation of bound water molecules and the evolution of H2CO, CO, and O2 gases from C4H4O6 molecules, and that the black residue after decomposition was composed of triiron tetraoxide (Fe3O4) and carbon.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86036962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthesis of two novel compounds (1a and 1b) derived from analogue of antheminone A (1c) and their evaluation of anti-cancer activities are hereby described. This synthesis involved a multi-step reaction sequence involving the use of natural product (-)-quinic acid (1d) and unsymmetrical dicoumarol (1e) as precursors (Figure 1). Unsymmetrical dicoumarol (1e), a potent inhibitor of NQO1 was synthesized by coupling 4-hydroxyl coumarin and an appropriate benzaldehyde. Thus, in order to facilitate drug penetration through the barriers of cell membrane to NQO1 location, compound (1e) was re-modified by coupling with an analogue of antheminone A (1c). Spectral analyses of the products were carried out in order to confirm the identity of the compounds. Interestingly, the compounds which were obtained in good to moderate yield (51-68%) exhibited toxicity against the non-small cancer cell line, A549.
{"title":"Synthesis of Analogues of Natural Product ‘Antheminone A’ and Evaluation of Their Anti-Cancer Activity","authors":"J. Obi","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v14n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v14n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of two novel compounds (1a and 1b) derived from analogue of antheminone A (1c) and their evaluation of anti-cancer activities are hereby described. This synthesis involved a multi-step reaction sequence involving the use of natural product (-)-quinic acid (1d) and unsymmetrical dicoumarol (1e) as precursors (Figure 1). Unsymmetrical dicoumarol (1e), a potent inhibitor of NQO1 was synthesized by coupling 4-hydroxyl coumarin and an appropriate benzaldehyde. Thus, in order to facilitate drug penetration through the barriers of cell membrane to NQO1 location, compound (1e) was re-modified by coupling with an analogue of antheminone A (1c). Spectral analyses of the products were carried out in order to confirm the identity of the compounds. Interestingly, the compounds which were obtained in good to moderate yield (51-68%) exhibited toxicity against the non-small cancer cell line, A549.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84616171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Reviewers for Volume 14, Number 1 Abdallah El-Gharbawy, Alexandria University, Egypt Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria Amal A. M. Elgharbawy, International Institute for Halal Research and Training, Malaysia Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Fatima Tuz Johra, Kookmin University, Bangladesh Gholam Hossain Varshouee, National Petrochemical Company, Iran Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam, Al-Ahlyyia Amman University, Jordan Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia Sitaram Acharya, Dallas College, USA Tony Di Feo, Natural Resources Canada, Canada Albert John On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry Canadian Center of Science and Education
《国际化学杂志》希望感谢以下个人对本期稿件的同行评审提供的帮助。我们非常感谢他们在保持期刊质量方面的帮助和贡献。许多作者，不管《国际化学杂志》是否发表他们的作品，都很感激审稿人提供的有益反馈。第14卷第1号审核员Abdallah el - ghabary、亚历山大大学、埃及Ahmad Galadima、Usmanu Danfodiyo大学、尼日利亚Amal A. M. elgharawy、国际清真研究与培训研究所、马来西亚Ayodele Temidayo Odularu、黑尔堡大学、南非Fatima Tuz Johra、国民大学、孟加拉国Gholam Hossain varshoee、国家石化公司、伊朗Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam、Al- ahlyyia Amman大学、约旦Nejib Hussein Mekni、Al Manar大学，突尼斯Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos大学，埃塞俄比亚Sitaram Acharya，美国达拉斯学院Tony Di Feo，加拿大自然资源部，加拿大Albert John代表，国际化学杂志编辑委员会，加拿大科学与教育中心
{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 14, No. 1","authors":"A. John","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v14n1p54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v14n1p54","url":null,"abstract":"International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. \u0000 \u0000Reviewers for Volume 14, Number 1 \u0000 \u0000Abdallah El-Gharbawy, Alexandria University, Egypt \u0000 \u0000Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria \u0000 \u0000Amal A. M. Elgharbawy, International Institute for Halal Research and Training, Malaysia \u0000 \u0000Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa \u0000 \u0000Fatima Tuz Johra, Kookmin University, Bangladesh \u0000 \u0000Gholam Hossain Varshouee, National Petrochemical Company, Iran \u0000 \u0000Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam, Al-Ahlyyia Amman University, Jordan \u0000 \u0000Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia \u0000 \u0000Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia \u0000 \u0000Sitaram Acharya, Dallas College, USA \u0000 \u0000Tony Di Feo, Natural Resources Canada, Canada \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Albert John \u0000 \u0000On behalf of, \u0000 \u0000The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry \u0000 \u0000Canadian Center of Science and Education","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74736259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Azokpota, A. Karim, Alphonse S. Avocefohoun, Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa, Constant Adandedjan, V. Ahyi, Jean Christian Alowanou, J. Adounkpe, D. Mama, D. Sohounhloué
In the current decades, the increasing presence of metallic contaminants in water for human consumption has become a major public health concern. This concern is even more pronounced in rural areas such as in the Town Halls of Agbangnizoun and Za-Kpota where the majority of households use surface water, wells and tanks to satisfy their daily drinking water needs, without any prior treatment, due to the low level of access to drinking water supplied by the State. This study aims at assessing the levels of contamination of these resources in mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As). The mercury was determined using the cold vapor technique by the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80) while lead and cadmium were analyzed by molecular absorption spectrophotometry by the DR 3900. The Arsenic was extracted by distillation using the silver diethyldithiocarbamate method then measured by molecular spectrophotometry technique. The results show that surface waters contain great quantities of metals than well and cistern waters. Lead (220.97 ± 9.45 µg/L) and cadmium (20.13 ± 0.17 µg/L) in surface waters have levels above WHO guidelines and Bénin standards. On the other hand, there is no significant difference between the metal concentrations of well and cistern waters at the 5% threshold compared to the borehole water (witness sample). Significant correlations are established between toxic metals (Pb and Cd) and physical parameters (turbidity and suspended matters) at the threshold of 1 %. As for mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), the concentrations are very lower than these of Cd and Pb and below the quantification limit of the device. These results confirm that the surface waters consumed by the populations of the Town Halls of Agbangnizoun and Za-Kpota do not respect drinking water standards.
{"title":"Levels of Heavy Metals Contamination (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) in Some Human Consumption Water Sources in Agbangnizoun and Za-Kpota Town Halls, Southern Benin","authors":"E. Azokpota, A. Karim, Alphonse S. Avocefohoun, Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa, Constant Adandedjan, V. Ahyi, Jean Christian Alowanou, J. Adounkpe, D. Mama, D. Sohounhloué","doi":"10.5539/ijc.v14n1p41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v14n1p41","url":null,"abstract":"In the current decades, the increasing presence of metallic contaminants in water for human consumption has become a major public health concern. This concern is even more pronounced in rural areas such as in the Town Halls of Agbangnizoun and Za-Kpota where the majority of households use surface water, wells and tanks to satisfy their daily drinking water needs, without any prior treatment, due to the low level of access to drinking water supplied by the State. This study aims at assessing the levels of contamination of these resources in mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As). The mercury was determined using the cold vapor technique by the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80) while lead and cadmium were analyzed by molecular absorption spectrophotometry by the DR 3900. The Arsenic was extracted by distillation using the silver diethyldithiocarbamate method then measured by molecular spectrophotometry technique. The results show that surface waters contain great quantities of metals than well and cistern waters. Lead (220.97 ± 9.45 µg/L) and cadmium (20.13 ± 0.17 µg/L) in surface waters have levels above WHO guidelines and Bénin standards. On the other hand, there is no significant difference between the metal concentrations of well and cistern waters at the 5% threshold compared to the borehole water (witness sample). Significant correlations are established between toxic metals (Pb and Cd) and physical parameters (turbidity and suspended matters) at the threshold of 1 %. As for mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), the concentrations are very lower than these of Cd and Pb and below the quantification limit of the device. These results confirm that the surface waters consumed by the populations of the Town Halls of Agbangnizoun and Za-Kpota do not respect drinking water standards.","PeriodicalId":13866,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：