Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233966
Reema Sharma
Dental caries and periodontal problems still remain a global health care burden. In developing and underdeveloped countries, the unmet treatment needs of a large part of population is a challenge to the service providers. WHO believes that oral health is a right to everyone. The use of traditional medicine helps in achieving these goals to a large extent. Medicinal plants are a basis for conventional medicine and a substitute for them. Thus, it becomes a matter of importance to have a greater understanding of the pharmacologically active components of the herbal components and their various uses in dentistry. This article aims to understand the phytotherapeutic uses of four commonly used herbal plants, miswak, moringa, triphala and neem.
龋齿和牙周问题仍然是全球医疗保健的负担。在发展中国家和欠发达国家，大部分人口的治疗需求得不到满足，这对服务提供者来说是一个挑战。世卫组织认为，口腔健康是每个人的权利。使用传统医学在很大程度上有助于实现这些目标。药用植物是传统医学的基础，也是传统医学的替代品。因此，深入了解草药成分中的药理活性成分及其在牙科中的各种用途就变得非常重要。本文旨在了解四种常用草本植物 miswak、moringa、triphala 和 neem 的植物疗法用途。
{"title":"A review on four medicinal plants in dentistry","authors":"Reema Sharma","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233966","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries and periodontal problems still remain a global health care burden. In developing and underdeveloped countries, the unmet treatment needs of a large part of population is a challenge to the service providers. WHO believes that oral health is a right to everyone. The use of traditional medicine helps in achieving these goals to a large extent. Medicinal plants are a basis for conventional medicine and a substitute for them. Thus, it becomes a matter of importance to have a greater understanding of the pharmacologically active components of the herbal components and their various uses in dentistry. This article aims to understand the phytotherapeutic uses of four commonly used herbal plants, miswak, moringa, triphala and neem.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233952
Tapas Chowdhury, M. A. Karim, Tania Sultana, Farzana Sharmin, Zamil Ahmed Manik, Umme Nusrat Ara, Sharmin Akhter, Jesmine Akter, Farzana Alam Mou
Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), represents a common and distressing side effect associated with antineoplastic treatment in pediatric patients. Aprepitant, a selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is recommended for preventing CINV in combination with a standard antiemetic regimen in children undergoing chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aprepitant as an add-on therapy to the standard antiemetic regimen for the prevention of CINV in children. Methods: This randomized control study was conducted in the BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2020 to October 2020. Forty-six children with malignancy undergoing chemotherapy were divided into two arms: the Aprepitant arm (23 patients receiving granisetron, dexamethasone, and aprepitant) and the control arm (23 patients receiving Granisetron and Dexamethasone). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The complete response rates for the aprepitant versus control arm during the acute and overall phase were 82% vs. 40% (p=0.003) and 65% vs. 26% (p=0.008), respectively. However, a higher percentage of patients who achieved complete response in the delayed phase was also observed, though statistically not significant (65% vs 40%, p=0.077). In the acute phase, there was a significant reduction in mild to moderate vomiting in the Aprepitant arm as compared to the control arm (p=0.01). In the overall phase, 35% of patients in the Aprepitant arm had mild to moderate vomiting as compared to 74% in the control group (p=0.027). No major adverse effects were reported by patients or caregivers. Conclusions: Adding Aprepitant to the standard antiemetic regimen was effective and safe in preventing CINV, especially in the acute phase, in pediatric patients receiving the moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).
{"title":"Evaluation of aprepitant as an add-on therapy for prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in children","authors":"Tapas Chowdhury, M. A. Karim, Tania Sultana, Farzana Sharmin, Zamil Ahmed Manik, Umme Nusrat Ara, Sharmin Akhter, Jesmine Akter, Farzana Alam Mou","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233952","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), represents a common and distressing side effect associated with antineoplastic treatment in pediatric patients. Aprepitant, a selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is recommended for preventing CINV in combination with a standard antiemetic regimen in children undergoing chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aprepitant as an add-on therapy to the standard antiemetic regimen for the prevention of CINV in children. Methods: This randomized control study was conducted in the BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2020 to October 2020. Forty-six children with malignancy undergoing chemotherapy were divided into two arms: the Aprepitant arm (23 patients receiving granisetron, dexamethasone, and aprepitant) and the control arm (23 patients receiving Granisetron and Dexamethasone). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The complete response rates for the aprepitant versus control arm during the acute and overall phase were 82% vs. 40% (p=0.003) and 65% vs. 26% (p=0.008), respectively. However, a higher percentage of patients who achieved complete response in the delayed phase was also observed, though statistically not significant (65% vs 40%, p=0.077). In the acute phase, there was a significant reduction in mild to moderate vomiting in the Aprepitant arm as compared to the control arm (p=0.01). In the overall phase, 35% of patients in the Aprepitant arm had mild to moderate vomiting as compared to 74% in the control group (p=0.027). No major adverse effects were reported by patients or caregivers. Conclusions: Adding Aprepitant to the standard antiemetic regimen was effective and safe in preventing CINV, especially in the acute phase, in pediatric patients receiving the moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233957
Siddharth M. Kanani, Sheela N. Bharani
Background: World health organization (WHO) had defined severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) by weight for height Z score (WHZ) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) criteria. Several studies indicate discrepancies in the prevalence of malnutrition on using either WHZ or MUAC. The prevalence of SAM was nearly same when using either criterion and only 40% children showed overlapping by using both the criteria. Present study was taken to identify the overlapping of cases by applying both the WHO criteria in children aged 6-60 months. It also identifies the optimal screening cut off values of MUAC if used as a sole criterion. Method: It was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study done on 640 cases who were assessed for MAM /SAM by using anthropometric WHO criteria. Results: From 67 SAM cases who were identified by WHZ, only17 cases had SAM on using MUAC too. The sensitivity of MUAC was 25.4% and specificity of 92.0%. From 94 MAM cases, 19 cases showed overlapping by using both the WHO criteria. At MUAC of <13.5 cm, the sensitivity increased to 86.6% for SAM and 81.6% for MAM cases at the cost of decreased specificity which was at around 36% for both the types of malnutrition. Conclusions: The number of malnourished cases, identified by using either of WHO criteria were nearly same but both these criteria detect different subgroups of malnourished children in most cases. A MUAC of <13.5 cm may be used as a sole-criteria in the community by the health workers to detect acute malnutrition.
背景：世界卫生组织（WHO）根据体重身高 Z 值（WHZ）和中上臂围（MUAC）标准定义了严重急性营养不良（SAM）和中度急性营养不良（MAM）。有几项研究表明，采用体重身高 Z 值（WHZ）或中上臂围（MUAC）标准得出的营养不良患病率存在差异。在使用这两种标准时，SAM 的患病率几乎相同，只有 40% 的儿童在使用这两种标准时出现重叠。本研究旨在通过对 6-60 个月大的儿童采用世界卫生组织的两种标准来确定重叠病例。本研究还确定了将 MUAC 作为唯一标准时的最佳筛查截断值。方法：这是一项基于医院的描述性横断面研究，采用世界卫生组织的人体测量标准，对 640 个病例进行了 MAM /SAM 评估。结果在通过 WHZ 确定的 67 个 SAM 病例中，只有 17 个病例的 SAM 也是通过 MUAC 确定的。MUAC 的灵敏度为 25.4%，特异度为 92.0%。在 94 例地中海贫血症病例中，有 19 例同时采用世界卫生组织的两种标准。当 MUAC 小于 13.5 厘米时，SAM 的灵敏度增加到 86.6%，MAM 的灵敏度增加到 81.6%，但两种营养不良类型的特异性都下降到 36%左右。结论采用世界卫生组织的任何一种标准确定的营养不良病例数量几乎相同，但这两种标准在大多数情况下都能发现不同的营养不良儿童亚群。在社区中，卫生工作者可将 MUAC 小于 13.5 厘米作为检测急性营养不良的唯一标准。
{"title":"A comparison of mid-upper arm circumference and weight-for-height Z score of world health organization growth standards in detecting moderate and severe acute malnutrition in children aged 6-60 months","authors":"Siddharth M. Kanani, Sheela N. Bharani","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233957","url":null,"abstract":"Background: World health organization (WHO) had defined severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) by weight for height Z score (WHZ) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) criteria. Several studies indicate discrepancies in the prevalence of malnutrition on using either WHZ or MUAC. The prevalence of SAM was nearly same when using either criterion and only 40% children showed overlapping by using both the criteria. Present study was taken to identify the overlapping of cases by applying both the WHO criteria in children aged 6-60 months. It also identifies the optimal screening cut off values of MUAC if used as a sole criterion. Method: It was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study done on 640 cases who were assessed for MAM /SAM by using anthropometric WHO criteria. Results: From 67 SAM cases who were identified by WHZ, only17 cases had SAM on using MUAC too. The sensitivity of MUAC was 25.4% and specificity of 92.0%. From 94 MAM cases, 19 cases showed overlapping by using both the WHO criteria. At MUAC of <13.5 cm, the sensitivity increased to 86.6% for SAM and 81.6% for MAM cases at the cost of decreased specificity which was at around 36% for both the types of malnutrition. Conclusions: The number of malnourished cases, identified by using either of WHO criteria were nearly same but both these criteria detect different subgroups of malnourished children in most cases. A MUAC of <13.5 cm may be used as a sole-criteria in the community by the health workers to detect acute malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233968
Komal Uppal, Richa Nijhawan, Seema Thakur
Inborn error of metabolic (IEM) disorders being an important contributor for neonatal morbidity and mortality require unique and multidisciplinary health care including genetic counselling to reduce the burden of these disorders and to improve the quality of life of the patient. Genetic counselling, besides its basic elements, clinical genetic aspects and management of IEMs; also helps to understand family's knowledge and attitude towards the disorder, to motivate them to accept and adapt to the situation. Through this paper we are sharing our experience of providing genetic counselling to patients of metabolic disorders and emphasizing the role of counselling in imparting right directive care and to find possible ways to face the formidable challenges.
{"title":"Genetic counselling for inborn error of metabolism","authors":"Komal Uppal, Richa Nijhawan, Seema Thakur","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233968","url":null,"abstract":"Inborn error of metabolic (IEM) disorders being an important contributor for neonatal morbidity and mortality require unique and multidisciplinary health care including genetic counselling to reduce the burden of these disorders and to improve the quality of life of the patient. Genetic counselling, besides its basic elements, clinical genetic aspects and management of IEMs; also helps to understand family's knowledge and attitude towards the disorder, to motivate them to accept and adapt to the situation. Through this paper we are sharing our experience of providing genetic counselling to patients of metabolic disorders and emphasizing the role of counselling in imparting right directive care and to find possible ways to face the formidable challenges.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233964
Shreyosi Santra, Suryansh Arora, Shishir Chumber, K. Vani
Congenital frontal bone defects are rare and are often incidentally diagnosed. We present a case of a 7-year girl who presented with frontal scalp swelling post-trivial trauma in school. Computed tomography of the brain revealed Extradural hematoma in the frontal region in the midline with overlying bony defects in the frontal bone and scalp hematoma.
{"title":"Uncovering the hidden: trivial trauma reveals congenital defects in frontal bone with underlying extradural hematoma","authors":"Shreyosi Santra, Suryansh Arora, Shishir Chumber, K. Vani","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233964","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital frontal bone defects are rare and are often incidentally diagnosed. We present a case of a 7-year girl who presented with frontal scalp swelling post-trivial trauma in school. Computed tomography of the brain revealed Extradural hematoma in the frontal region in the midline with overlying bony defects in the frontal bone and scalp hematoma.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233958
Chaithra P., Pragalatha Kumar A., Aruna G., Hemalatha L.
Background: Beta thalassemia major (BTM) is the most common hemolytic anemia. Regular blood transfusion is a basic treatment modality, recurrent blood transfusion which leads to iron overload and its complications. Hepcidin hormone is found to be a key regulator of iron homeostasis and is significantly increased in children of BTM with iron overload. The main objective of the study is to find out the role of serum hepcidin as a potential marker of iron overload in children with BTM, and to correlate the relationship between serum hepcidin and serum ferritin level in BTM children. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted at Indira Gandhi institute of child health for 12 months from January 2019 to December 2019. Included 100 children between age group of 2 months to 18 years diagnosed with BTM on blood transfusion and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. Results: In the study group 70% children had >5 transfusions. The median serum hepcidin level (2.354 ng/ml) was significantly higher among those with higher number of total transfusions (>5 transfusions). In addition, hepcidin level showed good positive correlation with total number of transfusions (r=0.608, p<0.001). Also, serum hepcidin showed positive correlation with serum ferritin levels with 87% sensitivity and 88% specificity which was statistically significant (r=0.749, p<0.001). Conclusions: In the present study, BTM children who received >5 transfusions serum hepcidin level was significantly elevated and serum hepcidin showed positive correlation with serum ferritin levels. Thus, hepcidin can be considered as a potential marker of iron overload in patients with BTM.
{"title":"Role of serum hepcidin as a marker of iron overload in beta thalassemia major","authors":"Chaithra P., Pragalatha Kumar A., Aruna G., Hemalatha L.","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233958","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Beta thalassemia major (BTM) is the most common hemolytic anemia. Regular blood transfusion is a basic treatment modality, recurrent blood transfusion which leads to iron overload and its complications. Hepcidin hormone is found to be a key regulator of iron homeostasis and is significantly increased in children of BTM with iron overload. The main objective of the study is to find out the role of serum hepcidin as a potential marker of iron overload in children with BTM, and to correlate the relationship between serum hepcidin and serum ferritin level in BTM children. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted at Indira Gandhi institute of child health for 12 months from January 2019 to December 2019. Included 100 children between age group of 2 months to 18 years diagnosed with BTM on blood transfusion and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. Results: In the study group 70% children had >5 transfusions. The median serum hepcidin level (2.354 ng/ml) was significantly higher among those with higher number of total transfusions (>5 transfusions). In addition, hepcidin level showed good positive correlation with total number of transfusions (r=0.608, p<0.001). Also, serum hepcidin showed positive correlation with serum ferritin levels with 87% sensitivity and 88% specificity which was statistically significant (r=0.749, p<0.001). Conclusions: In the present study, BTM children who received >5 transfusions serum hepcidin level was significantly elevated and serum hepcidin showed positive correlation with serum ferritin levels. Thus, hepcidin can be considered as a potential marker of iron overload in patients with BTM.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233961
Ebin Roshan Paul, Davis Manuel, R. A. Shajahan, Jayalekshmi U., Anjali Ann Chacko
Biotinidase deficiency (BD) (OMIM 609019) autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder where enzyme biotinidase, is defective and biotin is not recycled in body. One novel phenotype reported from our tertiary care centre, 3-month-old baby presented with bilateral corneal haziness, development delay and seizures. Evaluation showed metabolic acidosis, persistent lactate elevation and MRI showed acute infract. Metabolic evaluation showed profound BD, confirmed by molecular testing. Treatment and follow up with biotin showed clearing of corneal opacity, resolution of bleed and improvement in development and seizures. BD has got wide range of clinical manifestations- neurologic, dermatologic, ophthalmologic and immunological features. Acute infract and corneal opacity are not yet reported in OMIM literature and BD not considered in differential diagnosis of stroke in metabolic disorders. Being clinicians, it is our responsibility to add novel associations and clinical findings and thus broaden the phenotype.
{"title":"Biotinidase deficiency: a novel phenotype from a tertiary care centre","authors":"Ebin Roshan Paul, Davis Manuel, R. A. Shajahan, Jayalekshmi U., Anjali Ann Chacko","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233961","url":null,"abstract":"Biotinidase deficiency (BD) (OMIM 609019) autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder where enzyme biotinidase, is defective and biotin is not recycled in body. One novel phenotype reported from our tertiary care centre, 3-month-old baby presented with bilateral corneal haziness, development delay and seizures. Evaluation showed metabolic acidosis, persistent lactate elevation and MRI showed acute infract. Metabolic evaluation showed profound BD, confirmed by molecular testing. Treatment and follow up with biotin showed clearing of corneal opacity, resolution of bleed and improvement in development and seizures. BD has got wide range of clinical manifestations- neurologic, dermatologic, ophthalmologic and immunological features. Acute infract and corneal opacity are not yet reported in OMIM literature and BD not considered in differential diagnosis of stroke in metabolic disorders. Being clinicians, it is our responsibility to add novel associations and clinical findings and thus broaden the phenotype.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"285 S4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233967
Santosh Kumar Swain
Burns are a common cause of injury among children. Children with facial burns often experience pain, regardless of the cause, size, or depth of the burn injury. Burns in the facial area may lead to fatal consequences because of the involvement of the upper airway and cosmetic deformity of the face. Major burn injury in the facial area remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Burn scars on the face in children may disturb the self-image and psychosocial processes. Multi-disciplinary approaches and advances in burn care are often helpful to manage the burn injury in children and increase the survival of the patients. Pain has adverse emotional and physiological impacts, and adequate pain control is an important factor in improving outcomes. The goal of the treatment of facial burns in children is to achieve a good aesthetic outcome and also normal head movement with neck mobilization.
{"title":"Facial burn in children: a review","authors":"Santosh Kumar Swain","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233967","url":null,"abstract":"Burns are a common cause of injury among children. Children with facial burns often experience pain, regardless of the cause, size, or depth of the burn injury. Burns in the facial area may lead to fatal consequences because of the involvement of the upper airway and cosmetic deformity of the face. Major burn injury in the facial area remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Burn scars on the face in children may disturb the self-image and psychosocial processes. Multi-disciplinary approaches and advances in burn care are often helpful to manage the burn injury in children and increase the survival of the patients. Pain has adverse emotional and physiological impacts, and adequate pain control is an important factor in improving outcomes. The goal of the treatment of facial burns in children is to achieve a good aesthetic outcome and also normal head movement with neck mobilization.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233955
Prodip Kumer, M. A. Rouf, Mohammad Moniruzzaman Bhuiyan, M. A. Taleb, Vikarun Nesa
Background: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of respiratory distress in small children and one of the main causes of hospitalization in children <2 years of age. Anemia is also identified as a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infection. Iron deficiency is considered the most common cause of anemia in developing countries. As anemia is highly prevalent in children of our country, this study was undertaken to evaluate whether iron deficiency anemia is associated with acute bronchiolitis. Method: This Cross-Sectional Analytical study was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital (SSMCMH), Dhaka, during the period of December 2021 to November 2022 after obtaining ethical approval to explore the association between iron deficiency anemia and bronchiolitis. Hemoglobin level, RBC indices, TWBC count, serum iron, TIBC level, Transferrin saturation, and PBF were investigated and compared in all children with bronchiolitis and control. For this purpose, a total number of 71 patients were enrolled in the study and among them, 35 children with bronchiolitis were considered as cases, and 36 healthy children without bronchiolitis were considered as control, who were matched with age. After taking written informed consent from parents/legal guardians, a detailed history and thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations were carried out on each child. Data were recorded in separate case record form and analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean age was found 12.1±6.7 months in cases and 14.1±6.9 months in controls. Male participants (47, 66.2%) were the predominant group in the study and female participants were (24, 33.8%). Exclusive breastfeeding was found in 10 (28.6%) cases and 25 (71.4%) controls. There was a statistically significant difference in Hb (gm/dl), MCV (fl), S.Iron (µg/dl), Transferrin Saturation (%) and RDW-CV (%) between cases and controls (p<0.05). Among 35 cases, 25 (67.6%) had Iron Deficiency Anemia and statistical difference between the case and control was significant (p=0.001) with an odds ratio of 5.0. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia has a significant association with bronchiolitis. A larger and more extensive study was recommended.
{"title":"Association of iron deficiency anemia with acute bronchiolitis in children below 2 years of age","authors":"Prodip Kumer, M. A. Rouf, Mohammad Moniruzzaman Bhuiyan, M. A. Taleb, Vikarun Nesa","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233955","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of respiratory distress in small children and one of the main causes of hospitalization in children <2 years of age. Anemia is also identified as a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infection. Iron deficiency is considered the most common cause of anemia in developing countries. As anemia is highly prevalent in children of our country, this study was undertaken to evaluate whether iron deficiency anemia is associated with acute bronchiolitis. Method: This Cross-Sectional Analytical study was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital (SSMCMH), Dhaka, during the period of December 2021 to November 2022 after obtaining ethical approval to explore the association between iron deficiency anemia and bronchiolitis. Hemoglobin level, RBC indices, TWBC count, serum iron, TIBC level, Transferrin saturation, and PBF were investigated and compared in all children with bronchiolitis and control. For this purpose, a total number of 71 patients were enrolled in the study and among them, 35 children with bronchiolitis were considered as cases, and 36 healthy children without bronchiolitis were considered as control, who were matched with age. After taking written informed consent from parents/legal guardians, a detailed history and thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations were carried out on each child. Data were recorded in separate case record form and analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean age was found 12.1±6.7 months in cases and 14.1±6.9 months in controls. Male participants (47, 66.2%) were the predominant group in the study and female participants were (24, 33.8%). Exclusive breastfeeding was found in 10 (28.6%) cases and 25 (71.4%) controls. There was a statistically significant difference in Hb (gm/dl), MCV (fl), S.Iron (µg/dl), Transferrin Saturation (%) and RDW-CV (%) between cases and controls (p<0.05). Among 35 cases, 25 (67.6%) had Iron Deficiency Anemia and statistical difference between the case and control was significant (p=0.001) with an odds ratio of 5.0. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia has a significant association with bronchiolitis. A larger and more extensive study was recommended.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233956
Farzana Alam Mou, M. A. Khatun, Umme Nusrat Ara, Tania Sultana, Sharmin Akhter, Tapas Chowdhury, C. Jamal, S. M. R. Rahman, Zamil Ahmed Manik
Background: Adequate nutrition is an important concern in children with leukemia. Malnutrition impairs immune function, leading to increased incidence of infection, poor quality of life, as well as death. Febrile neutropenia (FN) has a high prevalence in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a poor outcome as well. Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the department of pediatrics hematology and oncology (PHO), BSMMU, from January 2021 to October 2021. A total of 60 patients of ALL were selected purposively. Patients were evaluated by taking anthropometric parameters before getting chemotherapy and were prospectively followed up for the development and outcome of FN until recovery. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS (Statistical package for the social sciences) for Windows version 26.0. Result: Analysis of nutritional status as a risk factor for FN based on anthropometric indices, was found statistically significant for, weight for height (≤5 years) p=0.036, OR=0.24 (95% CI= 0.06-0.958), weight for age p=0.006, OR=0.23 (95% CI=0.07-0.67), but for BMI for age (>5 years) p=0.28, OD=0.28 (95% CI=0.02-3.19), and height for age p=0.513, OD=0.66 (95% CI=0.18-2.33) no statistically significant value was found. In this study, we found mortality rate was 15%. The mortality rate was significantly worse (27.3%) for patients who were malnourished at diagnosis as compared to those who were well nourished (7.9%) at diagnosis. Conclusions: FN and its complications are more common in malnourished children with ALL. Malnutrition is associated with adverse outcomes of FN in children with ALL.
{"title":"Malnutrition as a predictor of adverse outcomes of febrile neutropenia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction phase chemotherapy","authors":"Farzana Alam Mou, M. A. Khatun, Umme Nusrat Ara, Tania Sultana, Sharmin Akhter, Tapas Chowdhury, C. Jamal, S. M. R. Rahman, Zamil Ahmed Manik","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20233956","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adequate nutrition is an important concern in children with leukemia. Malnutrition impairs immune function, leading to increased incidence of infection, poor quality of life, as well as death. Febrile neutropenia (FN) has a high prevalence in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a poor outcome as well. Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the department of pediatrics hematology and oncology (PHO), BSMMU, from January 2021 to October 2021. A total of 60 patients of ALL were selected purposively. Patients were evaluated by taking anthropometric parameters before getting chemotherapy and were prospectively followed up for the development and outcome of FN until recovery. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS (Statistical package for the social sciences) for Windows version 26.0. Result: Analysis of nutritional status as a risk factor for FN based on anthropometric indices, was found statistically significant for, weight for height (≤5 years) p=0.036, OR=0.24 (95% CI= 0.06-0.958), weight for age p=0.006, OR=0.23 (95% CI=0.07-0.67), but for BMI for age (>5 years) p=0.28, OD=0.28 (95% CI=0.02-3.19), and height for age p=0.513, OD=0.66 (95% CI=0.18-2.33) no statistically significant value was found. In this study, we found mortality rate was 15%. The mortality rate was significantly worse (27.3%) for patients who were malnourished at diagnosis as compared to those who were well nourished (7.9%) at diagnosis. Conclusions: FN and its complications are more common in malnourished children with ALL. Malnutrition is associated with adverse outcomes of FN in children with ALL.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"30 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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