International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献_第2页

Front Matter1:Full Title Page 封面1：完整的标题页

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1452-3981(26)00008-8

引用次数: 0

Failure mechanism of epoxy Zn–Al composite coatings on Q235 steel in industrial marine environments Q235钢表面环氧锌铝复合涂层在工业海洋环境中的失效机理

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101276

Hao Yu , Hao Zhang , Yesheng Huang , Chang Liu , Haoyu Wu , Pan Yi , Jin Gao , Kui Xiao

To investigate the aging failure mechanism of epoxy Zn-Al composite coatings on steel grid supports in industrial marine environments, the corrosion conditions of “high Cl⁻ + high concentrations of industrial acid gases + alternating wet-dry cycles” in the Caofeidian Port Area of Bohai Bay were taken as the testing background. A salt spray/wet-dry alternating cycle test combined with outdoor exposure testing was adopted. Coating performance and morphological evolution were analyzed via thickness measurements, adhesion tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), 3D laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicate a three-stage failure progression: Initial protective stage (Cycles 0–3): The coating remains dense and smooth with minimal color change, gradual thickness increase, and high adhesion. EIS results show |Z| at 0.01 Hz is approximately 10⁸–10⁹ Ω·cm², demonstrating a significant physical barrier function. Localized failure stage (4 cycles): Localized rust spots appear on the coating surface, thickness growth accelerates, adhesion decreases abruptly, |Z| at 0.01 Hz drops to 10⁷ Ω·cm², and the penetration of corrosive media triggers Zn dissolution. Expanded failure stage (≥5 cycles): Corrosion spots expand, the contents of Zn and Al decrease sharply, Fe and O are enriched, |Z| at 0.01 Hz reaches 10⁶ Ω·cm², the coating blisters and peels off, leading to complete failure. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing protection strategies in industrial marine environments.

为研究海洋工业环境下钢网支架环氧锌铝复合涂层的老化失效机理，以渤海湾曹菲甸港区“高Cl - + 高浓度工业酸性气体+ 干湿交替循环”的腐蚀条件为试验背景。采用盐雾/干湿交替循环试验结合室外暴露试验。通过厚度测量、附着力测试、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）、三维激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散光谱（EDS）分析涂层性能和形态演变。结果表明：初始保护阶段（循环0-3）：涂层保持致密光滑，颜色变化最小，厚度逐渐增加，附着力高。EIS结果显示，在0.01 Hz下，|Z|约为10⁸-10⁹Ω·cm²，显示出显著的物理屏障功能。局部失效阶段（4个循环）：涂层表面出现局部锈斑，厚度增长加速，附着力突然下降，0.01 Hz下|Z|下降到10⁷Ω·cm²，腐蚀介质的渗透引发Zn溶解。扩展失效阶段（≥5次循环）：腐蚀斑扩大，Zn和Al含量急剧下降，Fe和O富集，0.01 Hz下|Z|达到10⁶Ω·cm²，涂层起泡脱落，导致完全失效。本研究为海洋工业环境下的保护策略优化提供了理论依据。

{"title":"Failure mechanism of epoxy Zn–Al composite coatings on Q235 steel in industrial marine environments","authors":"Hao Yu , Hao Zhang , Yesheng Huang , Chang Liu , Haoyu Wu , Pan Yi , Jin Gao , Kui Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the aging failure mechanism of epoxy Zn-Al composite coatings on steel grid supports in industrial marine environments, the corrosion conditions of “high Cl⁻ + high concentrations of industrial acid gases + alternating wet-dry cycles” in the Caofeidian Port Area of Bohai Bay were taken as the testing background. A salt spray/wet-dry alternating cycle test combined with outdoor exposure testing was adopted. Coating performance and morphological evolution were analyzed via thickness measurements, adhesion tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), 3D laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicate a three-stage failure progression: Initial protective stage (Cycles 0–3): The coating remains dense and smooth with minimal color change, gradual thickness increase, and high adhesion. EIS results show |Z| at 0.01 Hz is approximately 10⁸–10⁹ Ω·cm², demonstrating a significant physical barrier function. Localized failure stage (4 cycles): Localized rust spots appear on the coating surface, thickness growth accelerates, adhesion decreases abruptly, |Z| at 0.01 Hz drops to 10⁷ Ω·cm², and the penetration of corrosive media triggers Zn dissolution. Expanded failure stage (≥5 cycles): Corrosion spots expand, the contents of Zn and Al decrease sharply, Fe and O are enriched, |Z| at 0.01 Hz reaches 10⁶ Ω·cm², the coating blisters and peels off, leading to complete failure. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing protection strategies in industrial marine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 3","pages":"Article 101276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in corrosion inhibitor design & development: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives 人工智能和机器学习在缓蚀剂设计和开发中的应用：进展、挑战和未来展望

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101274

Ihsan ulhaq Toor

The emerging field of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has opened new frontiers in corrosion science, particularly in the design, screening and performance prediction of corrosion inhibitors. Traditional experimental and quantum chemical approaches, while reliable, are often time-consuming and limited by empirical correlations. AI and ML driven models now offer a data-intensive alternative capable of predicting inhibitor efficiency, adsorption behavior, and electrochemical response with remarkable precision. Here in this study, recent progress in applying AI and ML algorithms such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees, and deep learning frameworks to predict corrosion inhibition efficiency, adsorption mechanisms, and electrochemical parameters derived from potentiodynamic and impedance measurements are critically examined. The study reviews the data foundation essential for AI workflows including quantum, electrochemical, and image-based descriptors along with classical (SVR, RF, ANN), deep-learning (3L-DMPNN, ChemBERTa), and hybrid quantum ML architectures for inhibition efficiency prediction. Emerging generative models like MoIGPT have demonstrated the ability to design molecules conditioned on factors such as performance and toxicity. Meanwhile, integrated AI Electrochemistry pipelines connect machine learning predictions directly to experimental validation through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Despite remarkable advances, challenges remain in data standardization, model interpretability, scalability, and sustainability. Addressing these bottlenecks through FAIR data infrastructure, explainable and trustworthy AI, and green computational practices, will be critical for realizing the long-term vision of fully autonomous, eco-conscious, and self-optimizing corrosion-management ecosystems.

人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）的新兴领域为腐蚀科学开辟了新的领域，特别是在缓蚀剂的设计、筛选和性能预测方面。传统的实验和量子化学方法虽然可靠，但往往耗时且受经验相关性的限制。人工智能和机器学习驱动的模型现在提供了一种数据密集型的替代方案，能够以极高的精度预测抑制剂的效率、吸附行为和电化学响应。在本研究中，对人工神经网络、支持向量机、决策树和深度学习框架等人工智能和机器学习算法的最新进展进行了严格的研究，以预测缓蚀效率、吸附机制以及从动电位和阻抗测量中得出的电化学参数。该研究回顾了人工智能工作流程所必需的数据基础，包括量子、电化学和基于图像的描述符，以及用于抑制效率预测的经典（SVR、RF、ANN）、深度学习（3L-DMPNN、ChemBERTa）和混合量子ML架构。像MoIGPT这样的新兴生成模型已经证明了根据性能和毒性等因素设计分子的能力。同时，集成的AI电化学管道通过电化学阻抗谱和动电位极化技术将机器学习预测直接连接到实验验证。尽管取得了显著的进步，但在数据标准化、模型可解释性、可扩展性和可持续性方面仍然存在挑战。通过FAIR数据基础设施、可解释和可信赖的人工智能以及绿色计算实践来解决这些瓶颈，对于实现完全自主、生态意识和自我优化腐蚀管理生态系统的长期愿景至关重要。

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning in corrosion inhibitor design & development: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Ihsan ulhaq Toor","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emerging field of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has opened new frontiers in corrosion science, particularly in the design, screening and performance prediction of corrosion inhibitors. Traditional experimental and quantum chemical approaches, while reliable, are often time-consuming and limited by empirical correlations. AI and ML driven models now offer a data-intensive alternative capable of predicting inhibitor efficiency, adsorption behavior, and electrochemical response with remarkable precision. Here in this study, recent progress in applying AI and ML algorithms such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees, and deep learning frameworks to predict corrosion inhibition efficiency, adsorption mechanisms, and electrochemical parameters derived from potentiodynamic and impedance measurements are critically examined. The study reviews the data foundation essential for AI workflows including quantum, electrochemical, and image-based descriptors along with classical (SVR, RF, ANN), deep-learning (3L-DMPNN, ChemBERTa), and hybrid quantum ML architectures for inhibition efficiency prediction. Emerging generative models like MoIGPT have demonstrated the ability to design molecules conditioned on factors such as performance and toxicity. Meanwhile, integrated AI Electrochemistry pipelines connect machine learning predictions directly to experimental validation through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Despite remarkable advances, challenges remain in data standardization, model interpretability, scalability, and sustainability. Addressing these bottlenecks through FAIR data infrastructure, explainable and trustworthy AI, and green computational practices, will be critical for realizing the long-term vision of fully autonomous, eco-conscious, and self-optimizing corrosion-management ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 101274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CdSe/ZnS quantum dot–modified activated carbon electrodes for supercapacitors: Light-induced enhancement of capacitance and fluorescence 超级电容器用CdSe/ZnS量子点修饰活性炭电极：光致增强电容和荧光

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101278

H. Grebel

CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots (QDs), embedded in supercapacitors (S-C) cells exhibited capacitance amplification that peaked at a certain QD concentration. More than 2.5 peak amplification was demonstrated with cyclic voltammetry (C-V), Charge-Discharge and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The peak was obtained when the mass ratio of the dots to the active-carbon electrode (A-C) in the sample was 20 μg to 100 mg in 1 ml of toluene - a ratio of 1–5000. Fluorescence signals from dry (without electrolyte) and wet (with electrolyte) cells, exhibited a correlated, substantial peak enhancement vs QD concentration, as well. Additionally, in the case of wet samples, fluorescence line narrowing was demonstrated, indicating a fluorescence gain. Through experiments and analysis one could show that these effects are consistent with the formation of dot-array at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Embedding QDs at the electrolyte/electrode interface has an added value that it may be further enhanced by white light illumination, and indeed, this was the case here. Probing the electrolyte/electrode interface with fluorescing materials adds to our basic knowledge of the interface and could be useful for light-sensitive S-C cells.

嵌入在超级电容器（S-C）电池中的CdSe/ZnS量子点（QDs）表现出电容放大，并在一定的量子点浓度下达到峰值。循环伏安法（C-V）、充放电法和电化学阻抗法证明其峰放大大于2.5。当样品中点与活性炭电极（a -c）的质量比在1 ml甲苯中为20 μg: 100 mg（比为1 - 5000）时达到峰值。来自干（无电解质）和湿（有电解质）细胞的荧光信号与QD浓度也表现出相关的、实质性的峰增强。此外，在湿样品的情况下，荧光线变窄被证明，表明荧光增益。通过实验和分析表明，这些效应与电极/电解质界面上点阵列的形成是一致的。在电解质/电极界面上嵌入量子点具有附加价值，可以通过白光照射进一步增强，事实上，这里就是这种情况。用荧光材料探测电解质/电极界面增加了我们对界面的基本知识，并可能对光敏S-C电池有用。

{"title":"CdSe/ZnS quantum dot–modified activated carbon electrodes for supercapacitors: Light-induced enhancement of capacitance and fluorescence","authors":"H. Grebel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots (QDs), embedded in supercapacitors (S-C) cells exhibited capacitance amplification that peaked at a certain QD concentration. More than 2.5 peak amplification was demonstrated with cyclic voltammetry (C-V), Charge-Discharge and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The peak was obtained when the mass ratio of the dots to the active-carbon electrode (A-C) in the sample was 20 μg to 100 mg in 1 ml of toluene - a ratio of 1–5000. Fluorescence signals from dry (without electrolyte) and wet (with electrolyte) cells, exhibited a correlated, substantial peak enhancement vs QD concentration, as well. Additionally, in the case of wet samples, fluorescence line narrowing was demonstrated, indicating a fluorescence gain. Through experiments and analysis one could show that these effects are consistent with the formation of dot-array at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Embedding QDs at the electrolyte/electrode interface has an added value that it may be further enhanced by white light illumination, and indeed, this was the case here. Probing the electrolyte/electrode interface with fluorescing materials adds to our basic knowledge of the interface and could be useful for light-sensitive S-C cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 101278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon nanotube–polyaniline (PANI@CNTs) composite electrode-based enzymatic sensor for β-glucan detection 用于β-葡聚糖检测的碳纳米管-聚苯胺复合电极酶传感器（PANI@CNTs）

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101277

Yingnan Zhang , Ying Liu , Yunyao Jiang , Liang Zhou , Shubao Yang

In this work, a novel carbon nanotube-polyaniline (PANI@CNTs) composite electrode-based sensor for the detection of β-glucans, an edible polysaccharide found in mushrooms, is introduced. The sensor offers excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and quick reaction times by utilizing the special qualities of electrochemical sensing in conjunction with nanostructures. The collaborative enhancement mechanism of the sensor is achieved through the distinct and synergistic roles of each component: β-glucanase (βg) selectively hydrolyzes β-glucan into glucose, glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and H₂O₂ to amplify the electrochemical signal, while carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide a high surface area and fast electron transfer pathways, and polyaniline (PANI) offers a conductive and biocompatible matrix for stable enzyme immobilization. An electropolymerization process yields a nanocomposite of PANI and CNTs for the modified electrode, immobilizing the enzymes βg and GO_x. The effective production of the composite and the immobilization of the enzyme are confirmed by structural analysis. The βg/GOx/PANI@CNTs/GCE sensor shows a strong cathodic peak for β-glucan reduction and quasi-reversible redox peaks, with a linear increase in peak current matching to β-glucan concentration, according to electrochemical tests. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor is set at 9 ng/mL, its sensitivity is 0.616 µA/µg. mL⁻¹, and the linear concentration range is 0.5–52 µg/mL. It has exceptional durability, repeatability, and selectivity. Real sample testing shows recovery rates ranging from 97.00 % to 99.00 %, indicating the sensor's accuracy and reliability. After 27 days, the sensor maintained 96.95 % of its initial catalytic activity, demonstrating exceptional stability. The results indicate that the β_g/GO_x/PANI@CNTs/GCE sensor has great potential for quality control in the pharmaceutical and food sectors.

在这项工作中，介绍了一种新型的碳纳米管-聚苯胺（PANI@CNTs）复合电极传感器，用于检测蘑菇中发现的可食用多糖β-葡聚糖。该传感器利用电化学传感的特殊特性与纳米结构相结合，具有优异的灵敏度、选择性和快速的反应时间。传感器的协同增强机制是通过各部件的鲜明协同作用来实现的：β-葡聚糖酶（βg）选择性水解β-葡聚糖为葡萄糖，葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）催化葡萄糖氧化为葡萄糖酸和H2O2，放大电化学信号，碳纳米管（CNTs）提供了高表面积和快速电子转移途径，聚苯胺（PANI）为稳定的酶固定提供了导电和生物相容性的基质。电聚合工艺制备了聚苯胺和碳纳米管的纳米复合材料，用于修饰电极，固定化酶βg和GOx。结构分析证实了复合材料的有效生产和酶的固定化。根据电化学测试，βg/GOx/PANI@CNTs/GCE传感器显示出β-葡聚糖还原的强阴极峰和准可逆氧化还原峰，峰值电流随β-葡聚糖浓度线性增加。传感器的检出限（LOD）设置为9 ng/mL，灵敏度为0.616 µA/µg。mL−1，线性浓度范围为0.5 ~ 52 µg/mL。它具有卓越的耐用性、可重复性和选择性。实际样品测试表明，该传感器的回收率为97.00 % ~ 99.00 %，表明了传感器的准确性和可靠性。27天后，传感器保持了96.95 %的初始催化活性，表现出优异的稳定性。结果表明，βg/GOx/PANI@CNTs/GCE传感器在制药和食品行业的质量控制方面具有很大的潜力。

{"title":"Carbon nanotube–polyaniline (PANI@CNTs) composite electrode-based enzymatic sensor for β-glucan detection","authors":"Yingnan Zhang , Ying Liu , Yunyao Jiang , Liang Zhou , Shubao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel carbon nanotube-polyaniline (PANI@CNTs) composite electrode-based sensor for the detection of β-glucans, an edible polysaccharide found in mushrooms, is introduced. The sensor offers excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and quick reaction times by utilizing the special qualities of electrochemical sensing in conjunction with nanostructures. The collaborative enhancement mechanism of the sensor is achieved through the distinct and synergistic roles of each component: β-glucanase (βg) selectively hydrolyzes β-glucan into glucose, glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to amplify the electrochemical signal, while carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide a high surface area and fast electron transfer pathways, and polyaniline (PANI) offers a conductive and biocompatible matrix for stable enzyme immobilization. An electropolymerization process yields a nanocomposite of PANI and CNTs for the modified electrode, immobilizing the enzymes βg and GO<sub>x</sub>. The effective production of the composite and the immobilization of the enzyme are confirmed by structural analysis. The βg/GOx/PANI@CNTs/GCE sensor shows a strong cathodic peak for β-glucan reduction and quasi-reversible redox peaks, with a linear increase in peak current matching to β-glucan concentration, according to electrochemical tests. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor is set at 9 ng/mL, its sensitivity is 0.616 µA/µg. mL<sup>−1</sup>, and the linear concentration range is 0.5–52 µg/mL. It has exceptional durability, repeatability, and selectivity. Real sample testing shows recovery rates ranging from 97.00 % to 99.00 %, indicating the sensor's accuracy and reliability. After 27 days, the sensor maintained 96.95 % of its initial catalytic activity, demonstrating exceptional stability. The results indicate that the β<sub>g</sub>/GO<sub>x</sub>/PANI@CNTs/GCE sensor has great potential for quality control in the pharmaceutical and food sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 101277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in electroanalytical detection of reactive oxygen species during intense physical exercise 高强度运动中活性氧的电分析检测研究进展

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101275

Qiaoling Zheng , Jiang Zhu

Vigorous physical activity disrupts cellular redox homeostasis by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act both as potential mediators of damage and as essential signals for exercise adaptation. This review summarizes current knowledge of the main ROS sources during high-intensity exercise and critically assesses electroanalytical strategies for monitoring their dynamics in vivo. We outline how mitochondrial electron leakage, NADPH oxidase activity and xanthine oxidase flux generate rapid, compartment-specific ROS bursts that are shaped by endogenous antioxidant networks. We then compare conventional indirect assays with emerging electrochemical approaches, highlighting how enzyme-modified microelectrodes, nanostructured redox interfaces and wearable electrochemical biosensors enable real-time, site-specific ROS quantification with improved sensitivity and selectivity. These advances have revealed new spatiotemporal patterns of ROS generation and helped clarify the dose–response relationship between exercise intensity, oxidative stress and redox signaling. Finally, we discuss translational opportunities and remaining challenges for electroanalytical ROS sensing in exercise science, including calibration in complex biological matrices, biofouling control and long-term stability in continuous monitoring formats.

剧烈的身体活动通过增加活性氧（ROS）的产生来破坏细胞氧化还原稳态，活性氧既是潜在的损伤介质，也是运动适应的必要信号。这篇综述总结了目前对高强度运动中主要活性氧来源的了解，并批判性地评估了监测其体内动态的电分析策略。我们概述了线粒体电子泄漏、NADPH氧化酶活性和黄嘌呤氧化酶通量如何产生快速的、室特异性的ROS爆发，这些爆发是由内源性抗氧化网络形成的。然后，我们将传统的间接测定方法与新兴的电化学方法进行了比较，重点介绍了酶修饰微电极、纳米结构氧化还原界面和可穿戴电化学生物传感器如何实现实时、位点特异性的ROS定量，并提高了灵敏度和选择性。这些进展揭示了ROS生成的新的时空模式，并有助于阐明运动强度、氧化应激和氧化还原信号之间的剂量-反应关系。最后，我们讨论了运动科学中电分析ROS传感的转化机会和仍然存在的挑战，包括复杂生物基质的校准，生物污染控制和连续监测格式的长期稳定性。

{"title":"Advances in electroanalytical detection of reactive oxygen species during intense physical exercise","authors":"Qiaoling Zheng , Jiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vigorous physical activity disrupts cellular redox homeostasis by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act both as potential mediators of damage and as essential signals for exercise adaptation. This review summarizes current knowledge of the main ROS sources during high-intensity exercise and critically assesses electroanalytical strategies for monitoring their dynamics in vivo. We outline how mitochondrial electron leakage, NADPH oxidase activity and xanthine oxidase flux generate rapid, compartment-specific ROS bursts that are shaped by endogenous antioxidant networks. We then compare conventional indirect assays with emerging electrochemical approaches, highlighting how enzyme-modified microelectrodes, nanostructured redox interfaces and wearable electrochemical biosensors enable real-time, site-specific ROS quantification with improved sensitivity and selectivity. These advances have revealed new spatiotemporal patterns of ROS generation and helped clarify the dose–response relationship between exercise intensity, oxidative stress and redox signaling. Finally, we discuss translational opportunities and remaining challenges for electroanalytical ROS sensing in exercise science, including calibration in complex biological matrices, biofouling control and long-term stability in continuous monitoring formats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 101275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow field analysis in electrochemical machining of non-uniform grooves on the inner surface of a tube 管内非均匀槽电解加工中的流场分析

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101273

Zijin Xue , Feng Yang , Jin Jiang

In order to improve the machining quality of the inner surface of non-uniform grooves, this study used ECM to complete the processing of special-shaped grooves. And the flow field distribution during the ECM process of non-uniform grooves on the inner surface of the tube was analyzed by simulation software. The simulation results show that the electrolyte is evenly distributed in the processing gap, and there is no cavitation, and the flow rate of the electrolyte gradually increases with the decrease of the machining gap. ECM experiments were carried out under different process parameters. The experimental results show that the average surface roughness of the workpiece processed by ECM technology is about 0.7, which is 89 % lower than that of the traditional surface roughness, and the shape accuracy meets the requirements. Under the same test conditions, the average depth of the groove increased by 0.55 mm and the average width increased by 0.6 mm for every 2 V increase of voltage, and the average depth increased by 0.2 and width increased by 0.25 for every 0.2 MPa increase in pressure. This study clarifies the processing process of non-uniform grooves by ECM technology, and provides an important theoretical basis for the processing of weapon devices.

为了提高非均匀槽内表面的加工质量，本研究采用电解加工技术完成异形槽的加工。利用仿真软件分析了管内非均匀凹槽电解加工过程中的流场分布。仿真结果表明，电解液在加工间隙内分布均匀，不存在空化现象，且电解液流速随着加工间隙的减小而逐渐增大。在不同工艺参数下进行了电解加工实验。实验结果表明，采用电解加工技术加工的工件平均表面粗糙度约为0.7，比传统表面粗糙度降低了89 %，形状精度满足要求。在相同试验条件下，电压每增加2 V，槽深平均增加0.55 mm，槽宽平均增加0.6 mm；压力每增加0.2 MPa，槽深平均增加0.2，槽宽平均增加0.25。本研究阐明了利用ECM技术加工非均匀沟槽的工艺过程，为武器装置加工提供了重要的理论依据。

{"title":"Flow field analysis in electrochemical machining of non-uniform grooves on the inner surface of a tube","authors":"Zijin Xue , Feng Yang , Jin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the machining quality of the inner surface of non-uniform grooves, this study used ECM to complete the processing of special-shaped grooves. And the flow field distribution during the ECM process of non-uniform grooves on the inner surface of the tube was analyzed by simulation software. The simulation results show that the electrolyte is evenly distributed in the processing gap, and there is no cavitation, and the flow rate of the electrolyte gradually increases with the decrease of the machining gap. ECM experiments were carried out under different process parameters. The experimental results show that the average surface roughness of the workpiece processed by ECM technology is about 0.7, which is 89 % lower than that of the traditional surface roughness, and the shape accuracy meets the requirements. Under the same test conditions, the average depth of the groove increased by 0.55 mm and the average width increased by 0.6 mm for every 2 V increase of voltage, and the average depth increased by 0.2 and width increased by 0.25 for every 0.2 MPa increase in pressure. This study clarifies the processing process of non-uniform grooves by ECM technology, and provides an important theoretical basis for the processing of weapon devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and computational evaluation of expired anticonvulsant drugs as corrosion inhibitors for 316 stainless steel in HCl solutions 过期抗惊厥药在盐酸溶液中对316不锈钢缓蚀作用的实验与计算评价

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101264

Rasha N. Felaly , Metwally Abdallah , Arej S. Al-Gorair , H. Hawsawi , Salih S. Al-Juaid , M. Sobhi , S. Abd El Wanees , A. Zarrouk , Kamal A. Soliman

The protective efficacy of two expired anticonvulsant medications, namely gabapentin (GAP) and oxcarbazepine (OXA), against the corrosion 316 stainless steel (316SS) in a 1.0 M HCl solution was inspected. Chemical, electrochemical, and computational analyses were employed to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of two expired medications. The outcomes obtained from the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) technique showed that expired GAP and OXA effectively reduced the corrosion rate, achieving protection efficiency (PE%) of up to 93.11 % and 95.12 % at a concentration of 550 mg L⁻¹ for GAP and OXA, respectively. The PE% increased with lowering temperature and increasing concentrations of the expired medications.The PDP curves confirmed that both expired GAP and OXA act as mixed-type inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements indicated the formation of a stable inhibitor film on the 316SS surface, as evidenced by significant increases in charge transfer resistance and decreases in double-layer capacitance. The inhibitory action of GAP and OXA was attributed to their adsorption on the 316SS surface through active centers present in their molecular structures. Furthermore, both GAP and OXA functioned as pitting corrosion inhibitors by moving the pitting potential to more noble values.At all tested concentrations, OXA exhibited a stronger inhibition performance than GAP. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to analyze the electronic structures and interaction potentials of OXA and GAP with the 316SS surface. Detailed analyses of the frontier molecular orbitals, global quantum reactivity descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps, and Fukui indices were conducted to identify the most reactive sites and predict the adsorption mechanisms of the inhibitors. Additionally, Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out, providing dynamic insights into the adsorption configurations and interaction energies of OXA and GAP on a realistic model of the 316SS surface. The experimental findings were in excellent agreement with the theoretical results.

研究了加巴喷丁（GAP）和奥卡西平（OXA）两种过期抗惊厥药物在1.0 M HCl溶液中对316不锈钢（316SS）腐蚀的保护作用。采用化学、电化学和计算分析方法对两种过期药物的缓蚀性能进行了评价。动态电位极化（PDP）技术的结果表明，过期的GAP和OXA有效地降低了腐蚀速率，在550 mg L⁻¹ 的浓度下，GAP和OXA的保护效率（PE%）分别高达93.11 %和95.12 %。随着温度的降低和过期药物浓度的增加，PE%增加。PDP曲线证实，过期的GAP和OXA均为混合型抑制剂。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测量表明，在316SS表面形成了稳定的阻垢膜，电荷转移电阻显著增加，双层电容显著降低。GAP和OXA的抑制作用归因于它们通过其分子结构中的活性中心吸附在316SS表面。此外，GAP和OXA都可以通过将点蚀电位移动到更高的值来起到点蚀抑制剂的作用。在所有测试浓度下，OXA表现出比GAP更强的抑制性能。利用密度泛函理论（DFT）分析了OXA和GAP与316SS表面的电子结构和相互作用势。通过前沿分子轨道、全局量子反应性描述符、分子静电势（MEP）图和Fukui指数等详细分析，确定了活性位点，并预测了抑制剂的吸附机理。此外，还进行了蒙特卡罗（MC）和分子动力学（MD）模拟，为OXA和GAP在316SS表面的吸附构型和相互作用能提供了动态的见解。实验结果与理论结果非常吻合。

{"title":"Experimental and computational evaluation of expired anticonvulsant drugs as corrosion inhibitors for 316 stainless steel in HCl solutions","authors":"Rasha N. Felaly , Metwally Abdallah , Arej S. Al-Gorair , H. Hawsawi , Salih S. Al-Juaid , M. Sobhi , S. Abd El Wanees , A. Zarrouk , Kamal A. Soliman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The protective efficacy of two expired anticonvulsant medications, namely gabapentin (GAP) and oxcarbazepine (OXA), against the corrosion 316 stainless steel (316SS) in a 1.0 M HCl solution was inspected. Chemical, electrochemical, and computational analyses were employed to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of two expired medications. The outcomes obtained from the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) technique showed that expired GAP and OXA effectively reduced the corrosion rate, achieving protection efficiency (PE%) of up to 93.11 % and 95.12 % at a concentration of 550 mg L⁻¹ for GAP and OXA, respectively. The PE% increased with lowering temperature and increasing concentrations of the expired medications.The PDP curves confirmed that both expired GAP and OXA act as mixed-type inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements indicated the formation of a stable inhibitor film on the 316SS surface, as evidenced by significant increases in charge transfer resistance and decreases in double-layer capacitance. The inhibitory action of GAP and OXA was attributed to their adsorption on the 316SS surface through active centers present in their molecular structures. Furthermore, both GAP and OXA functioned as pitting corrosion inhibitors by moving the pitting potential to more noble values.At all tested concentrations, OXA exhibited a stronger inhibition performance than GAP. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to analyze the electronic structures and interaction potentials of OXA and GAP with the 316SS surface. Detailed analyses of the frontier molecular orbitals, global quantum reactivity descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps, and Fukui indices were conducted to identify the most reactive sites and predict the adsorption mechanisms of the inhibitors. Additionally, Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out, providing dynamic insights into the adsorption configurations and interaction energies of OXA and GAP on a realistic model of the 316SS surface. The experimental findings were in excellent agreement with the theoretical results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 101264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and electrochemical performance of Nb-doped LiFePO₄/C regenerated from spent Li-ion battery cathodes 废锂离子电池负极再生nb掺杂lifepo4 /C的制备及其电化学性能

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101261

Yuan Tang, Yanshuai Zhao, Kaixiong Xiang

This study explores a method for the large-scale recycling and reuse of spent LiFePO₄ from industry by synthesizing regenerated LiFePO₄/C materials via a carbothermal reduction method using Nb-doped spent LiFePO₄ as precursors. Among these regenerated materials, the 3 wt% Nb-doped sample exhibits a first discharge capacity of 140.2 mA h/g at 1 C. At 0.1 C, 2 C, and 5 C, the first discharge capacities are 162.6, 125.4, and 75.3 mA h/g, respectively. These experimental results demonstrate the excellent electrochemical performance of the 3 wt% Nb-doped sample. The regeneration method employed in this study, which offers convenient operation, easy preparation, and low cost, proves to be a viable approach for recycling spent cathodes and reusing them.

本研究以掺杂铌的废LiFePO4为前驱体，通过碳热还原法制备再生LiFePO4/C材料，探索工业废LiFePO4大规模回收再利用的方法。在这些再生材料中，3 wt% nb掺杂样品在1 ℃下的首次放电容量为140.2 mA h/g。在0.1 C、2 C和5 C条件下，第一次放电容量分别为162.6、125.4和75.3 mA h/g。这些实验结果证明了3 wt% nb掺杂样品具有优异的电化学性能。本研究采用的再生方法具有操作方便、制备简单、成本低等优点，是一种可行的废阴极回收再利用方法。

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical properties and preparation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material by high-energy ball milling for Li-Ion batteries 高能球磨法制备锂离子电池用LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料及其电化学性能

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268

Mao He , Huili Jiang , Bin Zhang , Jihua Chen , Liangwei Jiang

The ultrafine LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ with excellent electrochemical performance is successfully synthesized using carbonate as precursor (NiCO₃, MnCO₃ and Li₂CO₃) by high-energy ball milling followed by double sintering method. The influence of different ball milling time and the powders synthesized by double sintering method on the phase composition, morphological characteristics and the electrochemical performance was studied. The results indicate that the LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ powders by ball-mill for 10 h followed by sintering at 700℃ for 5 h shows the well-ordered high crystalline with mean size of the primary nanoparticles about 100 nm, and the discharge capacity is 123.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C rate. Further sintering at 900℃ for 1 h, the LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ powders have a cubic spinel structure (Fd3m) with higher crystallinity and exhibit a narrow size distribution with the particle size around 600 nm, and the highest discharge capacity of 143.3mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C rate, 96.7 % capacity retention after 50 cycles at 2 C rate, and the coulombic efficiency exceeding 98.5 %.

以碳酸盐为前驱体（NiCO3、MnCO3和Li2CO3），采用高能球磨-双烧结法制备了具有优异电化学性能的超细LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4。研究了不同球磨时间和双烧结法合成的粉末对其相组成、形貌特征和电化学性能的影响。结果表明：LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4粉体经球磨机烧结10 h，在700℃烧结5 h，得到了有序的高晶，初晶平均尺寸约为100 nm， 0.1 C速率下的放电容量为123.3 mAh g−1。在900℃下烧结1 h，制备的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4粉末具有立方尖晶石结构（Fd3m），结晶度较高，粒径分布较细，粒径约为600 nm，在0.1 C速率下放电容量最高可达143.3mAh g−1，在2 C速率下循环50次后容量保持率为96.7 %，库仑效率超过98.5 %。

{"title":"Electrochemical properties and preparation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material by high-energy ball milling for Li-Ion batteries","authors":"Mao He , Huili Jiang , Bin Zhang , Jihua Chen , Liangwei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultrafine LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with excellent electrochemical performance is successfully synthesized using carbonate as precursor (NiCO<sub>3</sub>, MnCO<sub>3</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) by high-energy ball milling followed by double sintering method. The influence of different ball milling time and the powders synthesized by double sintering method on the phase composition, morphological characteristics and the electrochemical performance was studied. The results indicate that the LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powders by ball-mill for 10 h followed by sintering at 700℃ for 5 h shows the well-ordered high crystalline with mean size of the primary nanoparticles about 100 nm, and the discharge capacity is 123.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C rate. Further sintering at 900℃ for 1 h, the LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powders have a cubic spinel structure (Fd3m) with higher crystallinity and exhibit a narrow size distribution with the particle size around 600 nm, and the highest discharge capacity of 143.3mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C rate, 96.7 % capacity retention after 50 cycles at 2 C rate, and the coulombic efficiency exceeding 98.5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0