Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268
Mao He , Huili Jiang , Bin Zhang , Jihua Chen , Liangwei Jiang
The ultrafine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with excellent electrochemical performance is successfully synthesized using carbonate as precursor (NiCO3, MnCO3 and Li2CO3) by high-energy ball milling followed by double sintering method. The influence of different ball milling time and the powders synthesized by double sintering method on the phase composition, morphological characteristics and the electrochemical performance was studied. The results indicate that the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders by ball-mill for 10 h followed by sintering at 700℃ for 5 h shows the well-ordered high crystalline with mean size of the primary nanoparticles about 100 nm, and the discharge capacity is 123.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate. Further sintering at 900℃ for 1 h, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders have a cubic spinel structure (Fd3m) with higher crystallinity and exhibit a narrow size distribution with the particle size around 600 nm, and the highest discharge capacity of 143.3mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate, 96.7 % capacity retention after 50 cycles at 2 C rate, and the coulombic efficiency exceeding 98.5 %.
{"title":"Electrochemical properties and preparation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material by high-energy ball milling for Li-Ion batteries","authors":"Mao He , Huili Jiang , Bin Zhang , Jihua Chen , Liangwei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultrafine LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with excellent electrochemical performance is successfully synthesized using carbonate as precursor (NiCO<sub>3</sub>, MnCO<sub>3</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) by high-energy ball milling followed by double sintering method. The influence of different ball milling time and the powders synthesized by double sintering method on the phase composition, morphological characteristics and the electrochemical performance was studied. The results indicate that the LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powders by ball-mill for 10 h followed by sintering at 700℃ for 5 h shows the well-ordered high crystalline with mean size of the primary nanoparticles about 100 nm, and the discharge capacity is 123.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C rate. Further sintering at 900℃ for 1 h, the LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powders have a cubic spinel structure (Fd3m) with higher crystallinity and exhibit a narrow size distribution with the particle size around 600 nm, and the highest discharge capacity of 143.3mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C rate, 96.7 % capacity retention after 50 cycles at 2 C rate, and the coulombic efficiency exceeding 98.5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101258
Zeyu Zuo , Zhenhua Yu , Ying Yan , Jie Zhang , Ke Wang , Xilei Chen , Ruiyong Zhang , Qian An
This study investigates the effects of different cathodic protection potentials on SRB adhesion and corrosion product formation in marine sediment containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), using weight loss measurements, surface morphology analysis, corrosion product characterization, and electrochemical testing. The results show that SRB form biofilms on the cathodic surface, which promote the formation of corrosion films. These films provide a certain degree of protection to the metal, and their composition changes with the applied potential. The efficiency of cathodic protection is jointly influenced by the protection potential and SRB activity. The study demonstrates that appropriately shifting the cathodic protection potential in the negative direction can suppress SRB activity while utilizing its role in promoting corrosion film formation, thereby enhancing protection performance. In actual marine environments, a suitably negative cathodic protection potential can both inhibit SRB and improve protection efficiency by facilitating corrosion film formation.
{"title":"Influence of cathodic protection potential on the efficiency of steel protection in marine sediments containing sulfate-reducing bacteria","authors":"Zeyu Zuo , Zhenhua Yu , Ying Yan , Jie Zhang , Ke Wang , Xilei Chen , Ruiyong Zhang , Qian An","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of different cathodic protection potentials on SRB adhesion and corrosion product formation in marine sediment containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), using weight loss measurements, surface morphology analysis, corrosion product characterization, and electrochemical testing. The results show that SRB form biofilms on the cathodic surface, which promote the formation of corrosion films. These films provide a certain degree of protection to the metal, and their composition changes with the applied potential. The efficiency of cathodic protection is jointly influenced by the protection potential and SRB activity. The study demonstrates that appropriately shifting the cathodic protection potential in the negative direction can suppress SRB activity while utilizing its role in promoting corrosion film formation, thereby enhancing protection performance. In actual marine environments, a suitably negative cathodic protection potential can both inhibit SRB and improve protection efficiency by facilitating corrosion film formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101259
R. Suganya , L.M.I. Leo Joseph , Sreedhar Kollem
The effective, secure, and adaptive charging of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a Real-time Learning-Assisted Charging Strategy, a new hybrid control framework that combines Constant Current–Constant Voltage charging with pulse current modulation and smart, real-time learning feedback. Unlike traditional hybrid or adaptive algorithms that rely on predetermined transition thresholds, the proposed system continuously learns from actual cell responses, including voltage, current, temperature, and State of Charge. This allows it to adaptively adjust parameters such as pulse amplitude, rest time, and voltage hold phases, enabling accurate thermal control and maximum energy transfer during charging. Experimental verification using an eight-cell 6000 mAh NMC pack demonstrates that the method achieves a charging efficiency of up to 98 %, a charge time of 42 min, and a thermal deviation of less than ±0.3 °C. In parallel, MATLAB/Simulink simulations confirm the performance trend and further predict a 21 % reduction in total charging time and a 37 % increase in cycle life under idealized conditions, while maintaining a thermal deviation of less than 4 °C. Additionally, it maximizes long-term capacity retention (85 % after 500 cycles) in the experimental study and increases projected cycle life by 37 % through simulation compared to the traditional CC–CV approach. These results indicate that the proposed method not only improves control but also serves as an optimization framework driven by learning, bridging the gap between model-based predictions and real-time experimentation. This approach provides a scalable, reliable, and intelligent foundation for next-generation Electric Vehicle Battery Management Systems, prioritizing both efficiency and safety.
{"title":"A real-time learning-assisted charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles","authors":"R. Suganya , L.M.I. Leo Joseph , Sreedhar Kollem","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective, secure, and adaptive charging of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a Real-time Learning-Assisted Charging Strategy, a new hybrid control framework that combines Constant Current–Constant Voltage charging with pulse current modulation and smart, real-time learning feedback. Unlike traditional hybrid or adaptive algorithms that rely on predetermined transition thresholds, the proposed system continuously learns from actual cell responses, including voltage, current, temperature, and State of Charge. This allows it to adaptively adjust parameters such as pulse amplitude, rest time, and voltage hold phases, enabling accurate thermal control and maximum energy transfer during charging. Experimental verification using an eight-cell 6000 mAh NMC pack demonstrates that the method achieves a charging efficiency of up to 98 %, a charge time of 42 min, and a thermal deviation of less than ±0.3 °C. In parallel, MATLAB/Simulink simulations confirm the performance trend and further predict a 21 % reduction in total charging time and a 37 % increase in cycle life under idealized conditions, while maintaining a thermal deviation of less than 4 °C. Additionally, it maximizes long-term capacity retention (85 % after 500 cycles) in the experimental study and increases projected cycle life by 37 % through simulation compared to the traditional CC–CV approach. These results indicate that the proposed method not only improves control but also serves as an optimization framework driven by learning, bridging the gap between model-based predictions and real-time experimentation. This approach provides a scalable, reliable, and intelligent foundation for next-generation Electric Vehicle Battery Management Systems, prioritizing both efficiency and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101241
Yikun Wang, Wei Zhao, Yang Chen
The accurate monitoring of sulfur dioxide (SO2) at parts-per-billion (ppb) concentrations is critical for safeguarding public health and managing environmental quality. This review provides a critical comparative analysis of two prominent technologies for ppb-level detection: electrochemical (EC) sensors and Quantum Cascade Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QCL-PAS). These technologies represent a fundamental trade-off in modern gas sensing, pitting the low cost, scalability, and low power consumption of EC sensors against the superior sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of QCL-PAS. This paper delves into the materials science innovations driving the performance of EC sensors, including metal-oxide semiconductors, 2D materials, and metal-organic frameworks, while critically examining the persistent challenges of environmental susceptibility, cross-sensitivity to interfering gases, and long-term drift that complicate their field deployment. In parallel, the principles of QCL-PAS are detailed, highlighting system design advancements such as differential photoacoustic cells and quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy that enable sub-ppb detection limits. The inherent limitations of this optical method, particularly the adsorption-desorption "memory effect" with polar molecules like SO2 and the influence of background gas composition on signal intensity, are thoroughly discussed. The analysis concludes that these technologies are not merely competitors but occupy distinct and complementary niches. Electrochemical sensors are ideally suited for high-density, spatially resolved monitoring networks where identifying trends and hotspots is prioritized, whereas QCL-PAS excels in applications demanding high-fidelity, legally defensible data, such as regulatory compliance, industrial process control, and reference-grade monitoring. The future of comprehensive SO2 monitoring likely lies in hybrid systems that leverage the strengths of both technologies, using high-accuracy QCL-PAS instruments to validate and calibrate vast networks of low-cost electrochemical sensors.
{"title":"A comparative review of electrochemical sensing and QCL-based photoacoustic spectroscopy for ppb-Level SO₂ detection","authors":"Yikun Wang, Wei Zhao, Yang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate monitoring of sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) at parts-per-billion (ppb) concentrations is critical for safeguarding public health and managing environmental quality. This review provides a critical comparative analysis of two prominent technologies for ppb-level detection: electrochemical (EC) sensors and Quantum Cascade Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QCL-PAS). These technologies represent a fundamental trade-off in modern gas sensing, pitting the low cost, scalability, and low power consumption of EC sensors against the superior sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of QCL-PAS. This paper delves into the materials science innovations driving the performance of EC sensors, including metal-oxide semiconductors, 2D materials, and metal-organic frameworks, while critically examining the persistent challenges of environmental susceptibility, cross-sensitivity to interfering gases, and long-term drift that complicate their field deployment. In parallel, the principles of QCL-PAS are detailed, highlighting system design advancements such as differential photoacoustic cells and quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy that enable sub-ppb detection limits. The inherent limitations of this optical method, particularly the adsorption-desorption \"memory effect\" with polar molecules like SO<sub>2</sub> and the influence of background gas composition on signal intensity, are thoroughly discussed. The analysis concludes that these technologies are not merely competitors but occupy distinct and complementary niches. Electrochemical sensors are ideally suited for high-density, spatially resolved monitoring networks where identifying trends and hotspots is prioritized, whereas QCL-PAS excels in applications demanding high-fidelity, legally defensible data, such as regulatory compliance, industrial process control, and reference-grade monitoring. The future of comprehensive SO<sub>2</sub> monitoring likely lies in hybrid systems that leverage the strengths of both technologies, using high-accuracy QCL-PAS instruments to validate and calibrate vast networks of low-cost electrochemical sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101256
Juan Gao , Qiankun Lai , Chong Guo , Qingshan Yao , Bin Qiu , Yanxia Wang , Mingkun Liu
As a critical hydrolase regulating bone mineralization and skeletal development, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) necessitates simplified detection methodologies. In this work, we developed a label-free electrochemical immunosensor of ALP by leveraging Ti₃C₂Tₓ nanoribbon/gold nanoparticle hybrids as functional electrode modifier which was prepared just via an easy self-reduction method. Comprehensive characterization via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the hybrid's hierarchical architecture. Antibody immobilization was achieved through cysteamine-mediated covalent conjugation. The detection mechanism exploits [Fe(CN)₆]³ ⁻/⁴⁻ redox signal attenuation upon target-induced immunocomplex formation, enabling label-free quantification. Optimized operational parameters yielded a dynamic detection range of 10 – 900 U/L with a 2 U/L limit of detection, demonstrating potential clinical viability for the skeletal related diseases screening.
{"title":"Label-free and highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for alkaline phosphatase","authors":"Juan Gao , Qiankun Lai , Chong Guo , Qingshan Yao , Bin Qiu , Yanxia Wang , Mingkun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical hydrolase regulating bone mineralization and skeletal development, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) necessitates simplified detection methodologies. In this work, we developed a label-free electrochemical immunosensor of ALP by leveraging Ti₃C₂Tₓ nanoribbon/gold nanoparticle hybrids as functional electrode modifier which was prepared just via an easy self-reduction method. Comprehensive characterization via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the hybrid's hierarchical architecture. Antibody immobilization was achieved through cysteamine-mediated covalent conjugation. The detection mechanism exploits [Fe(CN)₆]³ ⁻/⁴⁻ redox signal attenuation upon target-induced immunocomplex formation, enabling label-free quantification. Optimized operational parameters yielded a dynamic detection range of 10 – 900 U/L with a 2 U/L limit of detection, demonstrating potential clinical viability for the skeletal related diseases screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270
Xu Qinkun, Xia Xin, Tian Tingting
To address the safety hazards of lithium battery fires, the limitations of low cooling efficiency of fine water mist fire-extinguishing technology, and the research gap regarding composite additives, this study conducted experiments on the suppression of lithium battery fires by fine water mist containing different additives based on a self-built experimental platform. The study used NCM ternary lithium batteries as the research object and triggered thermal runaway through external heating. The experimental results indicate that the higher the battery SOC (State of Charge), the earlier the thermal runaway is triggered, the higher the peak temperature, and the more intense the combustion phenomena. Under the action of fine water mist, the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries can be divided into four stages, but reignition phenomena still occurs. Each additive has an optimal mass fraction (0.15 % for FeCl2, 2.5 % for sodium lactate, and 0.3 % for both urea and Tween 20). Among them, FeCl2 and sodium lactate perform excellently in suppressing the temperature rise during thermal runaway, while urea and Tween 20 have more advantages in enhancing cooling performance. The composite additives demonstrate the best overall performance, especially the combinations of FeCl2 + Tween 20 and sodium lactate + Tween 20, which can reduce the maximum temperature to about 650℃ (an improvement of about 35 % in suppression effect compared with pure water mist) and effectively prevent reignition. This study provides theoretical support and technical references for the safety design, fire prevention, and emergency response of lithium batteries.
{"title":"Effect of composite additives in fine water mist on suppressing thermal runaway in lithium batteries","authors":"Xu Qinkun, Xia Xin, Tian Tingting","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the safety hazards of lithium battery fires, the limitations of low cooling efficiency of fine water mist fire-extinguishing technology, and the research gap regarding composite additives, this study conducted experiments on the suppression of lithium battery fires by fine water mist containing different additives based on a self-built experimental platform. The study used NCM ternary lithium batteries as the research object and triggered thermal runaway through external heating. The experimental results indicate that the higher the battery SOC (State of Charge), the earlier the thermal runaway is triggered, the higher the peak temperature, and the more intense the combustion phenomena. Under the action of fine water mist, the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries can be divided into four stages, but reignition phenomena still occurs. Each additive has an optimal mass fraction (0.15 % for FeCl<sub>2</sub>, 2.5 % for sodium lactate, and 0.3 % for both urea and Tween 20). Among them, FeCl<sub>2</sub> and sodium lactate perform excellently in suppressing the temperature rise during thermal runaway, while urea and Tween 20 have more advantages in enhancing cooling performance. The composite additives demonstrate the best overall performance, especially the combinations of FeCl<sub>2</sub> + Tween 20 and sodium lactate + Tween 20, which can reduce the maximum temperature to about 650℃ (an improvement of about 35 % in suppression effect compared with pure water mist) and effectively prevent reignition. This study provides theoretical support and technical references for the safety design, fire prevention, and emergency response of lithium batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101227
Yuvraj Maphrio Mao , Ramya K. , Somil Thakur , Rajnish Kaur Calay , Sanket Goel
In this study, an evaluation of textile-based cathodes and their surface modifications is conducted to enhance the performance of air-cathode MFCs. Among the tested materials, carbon cloth (CC) modified with Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃) demonstrated the highest power output of 9.81 µW/cm², outperforming both unmodified and other modified electrodes. Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed improved electron transfer and reduced charge transfer resistance, while nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET) analysis revealed a high surface area and mesoporous structure for BaTiO₃, correlating strongly with its enhanced electrochemical activity. Structural and compositional analyses via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) validated successful perovskite modification. Electrolyte analysis revealed a neutral pH of 7.04 and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1500 mg/L before operation, indicating a suitable environment for microbial activity and energy harvesting. Repeatability analysis over 10 operational cycles showed exceptional consistency with CC/BaTiO₃ achieving 89.97 % repeatability, and all CC-based electrodes maintaining over 45 % stability of the peak power obtained during a 3-hour operational run. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed favorable surface morphology supporting enhanced electrochemical activity. These results establish CC/BaTiO₃ as a robust and high-performing cathode material, offering significant potential for scalable, efficient, and reliable air-cathode MFC applications. The work ahead may focus on integrating CC/BaTiO3 as the electrode materials into miniaturized Air-Cathode MFCs for real-world and real-time energy harvesting applications.
{"title":"Barium titanate-modified carbon cloth for high-performance air-cathode microbial fuel cells","authors":"Yuvraj Maphrio Mao , Ramya K. , Somil Thakur , Rajnish Kaur Calay , Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an evaluation of textile-based cathodes and their surface modifications is conducted to enhance the performance of air-cathode MFCs. Among the tested materials, carbon cloth (CC) modified with Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃) demonstrated the highest power output of 9.81 µW/cm², outperforming both unmodified and other modified electrodes. Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed improved electron transfer and reduced charge transfer resistance, while nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET) analysis revealed a high surface area and mesoporous structure for BaTiO₃, correlating strongly with its enhanced electrochemical activity. Structural and compositional analyses via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) validated successful perovskite modification. Electrolyte analysis revealed a neutral pH of 7.04 and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1500 mg/L before operation, indicating a suitable environment for microbial activity and energy harvesting. Repeatability analysis over 10 operational cycles showed exceptional consistency with CC/BaTiO₃ achieving 89.97 % repeatability, and all CC-based electrodes maintaining over 45 % stability of the peak power obtained during a 3-hour operational run. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed favorable surface morphology supporting enhanced electrochemical activity. These results establish CC/BaTiO₃ as a robust and high-performing cathode material, offering significant potential for scalable, efficient, and reliable air-cathode MFC applications. The work ahead may focus on integrating CC/BaTiO<sub>3</sub> as the electrode materials into miniaturized Air-Cathode MFCs for real-world and real-time energy harvesting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101213
Weiye Hu , Yanliang Li , Xiaoyun Hu , Yongbin Zeng
Although laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibits significant advantages in forming complex structures, its application in precision engineering is severely constrained by poor surface quality. This study aims to enhance the surface quality of LPBF-fabricated Hastelloy X through electrochemical polishing (ECP) using eco-friendly NaCl-aqueous and NaCl-ethylene glycol (NaCl-EG) electrolytes. The effects of electrolyte composition and current density on electrochemical dissolution behavior were experimentally investigated. ECP parameters were optimized through a comprehensive evaluation of surface roughness, material removal rate (MRR), and thickness reduction. The results indicate that the formation of a supersaturated salt film in the NaCl-EG electrolyte can suppress the uneven dissolution of carbides and matrix, but its improvement on roughness is limited. Compared with the NaCl-EG electrolyte, the NaCl-aqueous electrolyte achieves comparable surface roughness while increasing the MRR by at least 336.21 %. Furthermore, to address the challenge of polishing internal cavity surfaces of LPBF parts, a conformal tool electrode design strategy is proposed. Through this approach, partially melted particles on the inner surface of curved channels were successfully removed, reducing the surface roughness Sa from 7.16 to 11.91 μm to 1.63–1.95 μm. This extends the application potential of ECP for polishing complex internal channels in LPBF components.
{"title":"Study on improving the inner surface quality of laser powder bed fusion-fabricated Hastelloy X by electrochemical polishing","authors":"Weiye Hu , Yanliang Li , Xiaoyun Hu , Yongbin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibits significant advantages in forming complex structures, its application in precision engineering is severely constrained by poor surface quality. This study aims to enhance the surface quality of LPBF-fabricated Hastelloy X through electrochemical polishing (ECP) using eco-friendly NaCl-aqueous and NaCl-ethylene glycol (NaCl-EG) electrolytes. The effects of electrolyte composition and current density on electrochemical dissolution behavior were experimentally investigated. ECP parameters were optimized through a comprehensive evaluation of surface roughness, material removal rate (MRR), and thickness reduction. The results indicate that the formation of a supersaturated salt film in the NaCl-EG electrolyte can suppress the uneven dissolution of carbides and matrix, but its improvement on roughness is limited. Compared with the NaCl-EG electrolyte, the NaCl-aqueous electrolyte achieves comparable surface roughness while increasing the MRR by at least 336.21 %. Furthermore, to address the challenge of polishing internal cavity surfaces of LPBF parts, a conformal tool electrode design strategy is proposed. Through this approach, partially melted particles on the inner surface of curved channels were successfully removed, reducing the surface roughness Sa from 7.16 to 11.91 μm to 1.63–1.95 μm. This extends the application potential of ECP for polishing complex internal channels in LPBF components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101221
Xin Zhou, Lei Chen
The porosity of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) exerts a significant impact on water - heat management. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on in-depth degradation quantification and impact analysis. This study innovatively employs a comprehensive numerical model to elucidate the impact of varying GDL porosity on PEMFC degradation mechanisms, including carbon corrosion, platinum (Pt) oxidation, dissolution, and redeposition. Our findings reveal that lower GDL porosity exacerbates carbon corrosion, accelerating Pt oxidation and reducing the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), with distinct corrosion patterns emerging beneath ribs and flow channels. This work not only provides novel insights into the intricate relationship between GDL porosity and PEMFC durability but also offers a robust framework for optimizing GDL design to enhance fuel cell longevity and performance, marking a significant step forward in the field of fuel cell engineering.
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Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101223
Basima A.A. Saleem , Amer Th. Al-Taee , Salim A. Mohammed
Given critical therapeutic role and formulation challenges for paclitaxel, the accurate quantification of PAC in pharmaceutical products and biological samples is of great importance. In this study, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor by electropolymerizing 3-nitro tyrosine on a gold electrode, followed by modification with tungsten carbamide (WC) nanoparticles to enhance conductivity and surface area. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a uniform nanostructured coating with high electroactive surface roughness. The fabricated P3NLT/WC/AuE sensor exhibited a distinct oxidation signal at −1.13 mV, which shifted positively upon interaction with PAC, indicating a selective recognition process between the polymeric layer and the drug. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the sensor displayed a broad linear dynamic range (1.33E-09 mol.L−1 to 5.42E-06 mol.L−1) and an ultra-low detection limit of 1.20E-11 mol.L−1. The applicability of the developed platform was validated through the determination of PAC in commercial injection formulations, achieving recovery rates between 99.01 % and 101.02 %. These results highlight the P3NLT /WC/AuE sensor as a promising, sensitive, and selective analytical tool for pharmaceutical quality control and therapeutic drug monitoring of paclitaxel in clinical practice.
{"title":"Electrochemical determination of paclitaxel using a poly(3-nitro-L-tyrosine)/WC NPs modified gold electrode","authors":"Basima A.A. Saleem , Amer Th. Al-Taee , Salim A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given critical therapeutic role and formulation challenges for paclitaxel, the accurate quantification of PAC in pharmaceutical products and biological samples is of great importance. In this study, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor by electropolymerizing 3-nitro tyrosine on a gold electrode, followed by modification with tungsten carbamide (WC) nanoparticles to enhance conductivity and surface area. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a uniform nanostructured coating with high electroactive surface roughness. The fabricated P3NLT/WC/AuE sensor exhibited a distinct oxidation signal at −1.13 mV, which shifted positively upon interaction with PAC, indicating a selective recognition process between the polymeric layer and the drug. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the sensor displayed a broad linear dynamic range (1.33E-09 mol.L<sup>−1</sup> to 5.42E-06 mol.L<sup>−1</sup>) and an ultra-low detection limit of 1.20E-11 mol.L<sup>−1</sup>. The applicability of the developed platform was validated through the determination of PAC in commercial injection formulations, achieving recovery rates between 99.01 % and 101.02 %. These results highlight the P3NLT /WC/AuE sensor as a promising, sensitive, and selective analytical tool for pharmaceutical quality control and therapeutic drug monitoring of paclitaxel in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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