Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101255
Lu Wang , Shanshan Mu , Lina Zhang, Na Wang, Lei Zhang, Yan Zhang, Xia Han
The sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a critical tumor marker, is paramount for early-stage cancer diagnosis and management. This study reports the development of a novel, label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a gamma-phase manganese dioxide–chitosan (γ-MnO₂–CS) nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The engineered sensing interface leverages the synergistic properties of its constituents: the porous, high-surface-area γ-MnO₂–CS matrix provides an ideal scaffold for high-density antibody immobilization, while the integrated AuNPs create a highly conductive network that significantly amplifies the electrochemical signal. The immunosensor operates by measuring the impedance to electron transfer from a [Fe(CN)₆]³ ⁻/⁴⁻ redox probe, which is proportionally hindered by the binding of CEA to surface-immobilized antibodies. The platform demonstrated exceptional analytical performance, exhibiting an ultra-wide linear dynamic range spanning seven orders of magnitude from 10 fg mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1, with an extremely low limit of detection of 9.6 fg mL−1. Furthermore, the sensor showed excellent precision, with inter-day CVs below 9 % for mid- and high-range concentrations, and demonstrated high selectivity against common interferents. Its practical utility was confirmed in diluted human serum, achieving spike-recovery rates between 94.1 % and 104.6 %, validating its potential as a powerful and reliable tool for clinical applications.
{"title":"Layer-by-layer assembled AuNP/γ-MnO₂–chitosan modified GCE for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen","authors":"Lu Wang , Shanshan Mu , Lina Zhang, Na Wang, Lei Zhang, Yan Zhang, Xia Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a critical tumor marker, is paramount for early-stage cancer diagnosis and management. This study reports the development of a novel, label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a gamma-phase manganese dioxide–chitosan (γ-MnO₂–CS) nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The engineered sensing interface leverages the synergistic properties of its constituents: the porous, high-surface-area γ-MnO₂–CS matrix provides an ideal scaffold for high-density antibody immobilization, while the integrated AuNPs create a highly conductive network that significantly amplifies the electrochemical signal. The immunosensor operates by measuring the impedance to electron transfer from a [Fe(CN)₆]³ ⁻/⁴⁻ redox probe, which is proportionally hindered by the binding of CEA to surface-immobilized antibodies. The platform demonstrated exceptional analytical performance, exhibiting an ultra-wide linear dynamic range spanning seven orders of magnitude from 10 fg mL<sup>−1</sup> to 100 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, with an extremely low limit of detection of 9.6 fg mL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the sensor showed excellent precision, with inter-day CVs below 9 % for mid- and high-range concentrations, and demonstrated high selectivity against common interferents. Its practical utility was confirmed in diluted human serum, achieving spike-recovery rates between 94.1 % and 104.6 %, validating its potential as a powerful and reliable tool for clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270
Xu Qinkun, Xia Xin, Tian Tingting
To address the safety hazards of lithium battery fires, the limitations of low cooling efficiency of fine water mist fire-extinguishing technology, and the research gap regarding composite additives, this study conducted experiments on the suppression of lithium battery fires by fine water mist containing different additives based on a self-built experimental platform. The study used NCM ternary lithium batteries as the research object and triggered thermal runaway through external heating. The experimental results indicate that the higher the battery SOC (State of Charge), the earlier the thermal runaway is triggered, the higher the peak temperature, and the more intense the combustion phenomena. Under the action of fine water mist, the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries can be divided into four stages, but reignition phenomena still occurs. Each additive has an optimal mass fraction (0.15 % for FeCl2, 2.5 % for sodium lactate, and 0.3 % for both urea and Tween 20). Among them, FeCl2 and sodium lactate perform excellently in suppressing the temperature rise during thermal runaway, while urea and Tween 20 have more advantages in enhancing cooling performance. The composite additives demonstrate the best overall performance, especially the combinations of FeCl2 + Tween 20 and sodium lactate + Tween 20, which can reduce the maximum temperature to about 650℃ (an improvement of about 35 % in suppression effect compared with pure water mist) and effectively prevent reignition. This study provides theoretical support and technical references for the safety design, fire prevention, and emergency response of lithium batteries.
{"title":"Effect of composite additives in fine water mist on suppressing thermal runaway in lithium batteries","authors":"Xu Qinkun, Xia Xin, Tian Tingting","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the safety hazards of lithium battery fires, the limitations of low cooling efficiency of fine water mist fire-extinguishing technology, and the research gap regarding composite additives, this study conducted experiments on the suppression of lithium battery fires by fine water mist containing different additives based on a self-built experimental platform. The study used NCM ternary lithium batteries as the research object and triggered thermal runaway through external heating. The experimental results indicate that the higher the battery SOC (State of Charge), the earlier the thermal runaway is triggered, the higher the peak temperature, and the more intense the combustion phenomena. Under the action of fine water mist, the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries can be divided into four stages, but reignition phenomena still occurs. Each additive has an optimal mass fraction (0.15 % for FeCl<sub>2</sub>, 2.5 % for sodium lactate, and 0.3 % for both urea and Tween 20). Among them, FeCl<sub>2</sub> and sodium lactate perform excellently in suppressing the temperature rise during thermal runaway, while urea and Tween 20 have more advantages in enhancing cooling performance. The composite additives demonstrate the best overall performance, especially the combinations of FeCl<sub>2</sub> + Tween 20 and sodium lactate + Tween 20, which can reduce the maximum temperature to about 650℃ (an improvement of about 35 % in suppression effect compared with pure water mist) and effectively prevent reignition. This study provides theoretical support and technical references for the safety design, fire prevention, and emergency response of lithium batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101267
Chun-Jern Pan , Yi-Yu Chen , Shih-Che Lin , Bing-Joe Hwang , Chia-Hsin Wang , Chun-I. Lee
Lithium metal batteries have shown great potential in energy storage applications, and the development of novel electrolytes provide new opportunities to enhance their performance. This study proposes an innovative dual-lithium-salt electrolyte composed of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) in sulfolane solvent. The electrolyte exhibits high Li plating/stripping reversibility and stability, effectively improving electrode interfacial compatibility. The introduction of LiBOB regulates the solvation structure, optimizes lithium-ion transport, and promotes the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase, which is crucial for interfacial stability and prolonged battery life. NMR spectra reveal that oxygen-rich groups in bis(oxalato)borate anion (BOB-) participate in Li+ solvation, increasing electron cloud density. This structural reorganization facilitates Li+ dissociation and further improves ionic conductivity. The electrolyte maintains stable Li plating/stripping voltage profiles with significantly lower polarization over long-term cycling in Li//Li cells, demonstrating smooth Li+ transport and stable interfaces that suppress dendrite growth and impedance rise. In Li//Cu cell, the electrolyte achieves an average coulombic efficiency of 97.85 %, showing high reversibility and stable interfacial behavior. Furthermore, in the Li//LiMn2O4 half-cell tests, the electrolyte demonstrated outstanding performance under various operating conditions. It achieved stable cycling for 680 cycles at 100 mA g−1 while maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of 99.2 % and a capacity retention of 84.54 %. Even at a high current rate of 500 mA g−1, the cell continued to operate stably for more than 260 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of approximately 99.2 %. Under elevated-temperature conditions of 60 °C, the electrolyte also exhibited excellent cycling stability and thermal tolerance. Overall, the novel electrolyte combines high ionic conductivity, superior thermal and electrochemical stability, and long cycling life, confirming its potential as a safe and high-performance electrolyte candidate for lithium metal batteries.
锂金属电池在储能应用中显示出巨大的潜力，新型电解质的开发为提高其性能提供了新的机遇。本研究提出了一种在亚砜溶剂中由硝酸锂（LiNO3）和硼酸锂（LiBOB）组成的新型双锂盐电解质。该电解质具有较高的镀/剥离锂的可逆性和稳定性，有效地改善了电极界面相容性。LiBOB的引入调节了溶剂化结构，优化了锂离子的输运，促进了坚固的固体电解质界面相的形成，这对界面稳定性和延长电池寿命至关重要。核磁共振谱显示，硼酸铋阴离子（BOB-）中的富氧基团参与Li+溶剂化，增加了电子云密度。这种结构重组有利于Li+解离，进一步提高离子电导率。电解质在Li//Li电池中长期循环时保持稳定的镀/剥离电压分布，极化显著降低，显示出Li+的平滑传输和稳定的界面，抑制枝晶生长和阻抗上升。在Li//Cu电池中，电解质的平均库仑效率为97.85 %，具有较高的可逆性和稳定的界面行为。此外，在Li//LiMn2O4半电池测试中，电解质在各种操作条件下都表现出优异的性能。在100 mA g−1下稳定循环680次，平均库仑效率为99.2% %，容量保持率为84.54 %。即使在500 mA g−1的高电流下，电池也能以约99.2% %的库仑效率持续稳定运行260多个循环。在60℃的高温条件下，电解质也表现出良好的循环稳定性和耐热性。总的来说，这种新型电解质结合了高离子电导率、优异的热稳定性和电化学稳定性以及长循环寿命，证实了其作为锂金属电池安全和高性能电解质候选材料的潜力。
{"title":"Lithium nitrate/Lithium bis(oxalate)borate dual-salt in sulfolane as nonflammable electrolyte for stable lithium-metal batteries","authors":"Chun-Jern Pan , Yi-Yu Chen , Shih-Che Lin , Bing-Joe Hwang , Chia-Hsin Wang , Chun-I. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium metal batteries have shown great potential in energy storage applications, and the development of novel electrolytes provide new opportunities to enhance their performance. This study proposes an innovative dual-lithium-salt electrolyte composed of lithium nitrate (LiNO<sub>3</sub>) and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) in sulfolane solvent. The electrolyte exhibits high Li plating/stripping reversibility and stability, effectively improving electrode interfacial compatibility. The introduction of LiBOB regulates the solvation structure, optimizes lithium-ion transport, and promotes the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase, which is crucial for interfacial stability and prolonged battery life. NMR spectra reveal that oxygen-rich groups in bis(oxalato)borate anion (BOB<sup>-</sup>) participate in Li<sup>+</sup> solvation, increasing electron cloud density. This structural reorganization facilitates Li<sup>+</sup> dissociation and further improves ionic conductivity. The electrolyte maintains stable Li plating/stripping voltage profiles with significantly lower polarization over long-term cycling in Li//Li cells, demonstrating smooth Li<sup>+</sup> transport and stable interfaces that suppress dendrite growth and impedance rise. In Li//Cu cell, the electrolyte achieves an average coulombic efficiency of 97.85 %, showing high reversibility and stable interfacial behavior. Furthermore, in the Li//LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> half-cell tests, the electrolyte demonstrated outstanding performance under various operating conditions. It achieved stable cycling for 680 cycles at 100 mA g<sup>−1</sup> while maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of 99.2 % and a capacity retention of 84.54 %. Even at a high current rate of 500 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, the cell continued to operate stably for more than 260 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of approximately 99.2 %. Under elevated-temperature conditions of 60 °C, the electrolyte also exhibited excellent cycling stability and thermal tolerance. Overall, the novel electrolyte combines high ionic conductivity, superior thermal and electrochemical stability, and long cycling life, confirming its potential as a safe and high-performance electrolyte candidate for lithium metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Co in the lattice of ZIF-67 can be easily replaced by non-precious metal (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) to prepare non-precious metal (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) doped ZIF-67, which can be employed as excellent precursors to prepare bimetallic porous polyhedrons. In these bimetallic porous polyhedrons, hybrids containing carbon and nitrogen (C/N hybrids) are the basic framework, and bimetallic oxides are the key catalytic active centers. C/N hybrids possess good biocompatibility, bimetallic oxides own unique bimetallic synergistic catalytic effects, which jointly achieve the non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing for glucose. These bimetallic porous polyhedrons (Cu(2 %)&Co@PCN, Ni(1 %)&Co@PCN, Fe(1 %)&Co@PCN and Zn(1 %)&Co@PCN) not only reveal excellent performance for glucose amperometric detection, but also can be employed to detect glucose in the human serum samples, indicating that they have great commercial value for developing a new generation of non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors.
{"title":"M-ZIF-67 (M = Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) derived bimetallic porous polyhedrons for non-enzymatic amperometric glucose detection","authors":"Hui Yang, Xiaopeng Wang, Kongxiang Quan, Changchang Zhang, Zhiqiang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co in the lattice of ZIF-67 can be easily replaced by non-precious metal (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) to prepare non-precious metal (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) doped ZIF-67, which can be employed as excellent precursors to prepare bimetallic porous polyhedrons. In these bimetallic porous polyhedrons, hybrids containing carbon and nitrogen (C/N hybrids) are the basic framework, and bimetallic oxides are the key catalytic active centers. C/N hybrids possess good biocompatibility, bimetallic oxides own unique bimetallic synergistic catalytic effects, which jointly achieve the non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing for glucose. These bimetallic porous polyhedrons (Cu(2 %)&Co@PCN, Ni(1 %)&Co@PCN, Fe(1 %)&Co@PCN and Zn(1 %)&Co@PCN) not only reveal excellent performance for glucose amperometric detection, but also can be employed to detect glucose in the human serum samples, indicating that they have great commercial value for developing a new generation of non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diroximel fumarate (DRF) is a new oral fumarate applied in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present work introduces a new method for the detection of DRF drugs through a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The MIP was synthesized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the electropolymerization of monomer α‑cyclodextrin (α-CD) and the DRF template. In this sense, an electrochemical sensor incorporating a MIP was designed particularly to detect DRF for the first time. The modified GCE was investigated via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The designed sensor provided acceptable selectivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Additionally, the modified electrode showed a good linear response from 0.01 to 1300 nM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0033 nM. The MIP/GCE was applied for DRF detection in a real sample with success. To find out the reliability of the proposed strategy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was employed to detect DRF in the real sample.
{"title":"Electrochemical detection of diroximel fumarate using an α-cyclodextrin-based molecularly imprinted polymer sensor in human serum","authors":"Mahmoud Roushani , Zahra Mirzaei Karazan , Husam Jalil Abdulkahim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diroximel fumarate (DRF) is a new oral fumarate applied in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present work introduces a new method for the detection of DRF drugs through a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The MIP was synthesized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the electropolymerization of monomer α‑cyclodextrin (α-CD) and the DRF template. In this sense, an electrochemical sensor incorporating a MIP was designed particularly to detect DRF for the first time. The modified GCE was investigated via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The designed sensor provided acceptable selectivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Additionally, the modified electrode showed a good linear response from 0.01 to 1300 nM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0033 nM. The MIP/GCE was applied for DRF detection in a real sample with success. To find out the reliability of the proposed strategy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was employed to detect DRF in the real sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101262
Keqiang Ding , Xiaoxuan Liang , Ying Bai , Yiqing Chen , Jiawen Bao , Qian Zhao , Mengqing Niu , Wanting Shi , Hui Wang
<div><div>For the first time, a novel kind of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst, namely, a flaky graphite (denoted as FG) and nickelous oxide (NiO) composite material supported platinum (Pt) catalyst (denoted as Pt/FG-NiO), is prepared via an air calcination-assisted hydrothermal method, in which the commercial graphite, one kind of nickel-containing substance (nickel acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·4 H<sub>2</sub>O) or nickel acetylacetonate (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub>) or nickel oxalate dehydrate (NiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·2 H<sub>2</sub>O)) and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>·6 H<sub>2</sub>O) are utilized as the starting materials. In this work, firstly, three precursors are synthesized through calcining the mixture having the commercial graphite and one kind of nickel-containing substance in air at 550℃ for 1 h, namely, precursor p<sub>1</sub>, p<sub>2</sub> and p<sub>3</sub> are respectively prepared using Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·4 H<sub>2</sub>O, C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub> and NiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·2 H<sub>2</sub>O. Subsequently, the resulting precursor p<sub>1</sub>, p<sub>2</sub> and p<sub>3</sub> are subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the presence of chloroplatinic acid solution, respectively, generating catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, c<sub>2</sub> and c<sub>3</sub>. As demonstrated by XRD and XPS results, graphite, NiO and metallic Pt are the major substances of all fabricated catalysts. More importantly, all prepared catalysts, especially catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards alkaline HER. For example, the overpotential value to attain a HER current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> on catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is as lower as 39.6 mV, being rather lower than that of catalyst c<sub>2</sub> (52.2 mV) and c<sub>3</sub> (57.2 mV). To be noted, the value of 39.6 mV for catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is very close to that of the commercial platinum/carbon (Pt/C) catalyst (37.9 mV). The Tafel slope values of catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, c<sub>2</sub>, c<sub>3</sub> and Pt/C for HER are about 41.3, 52.4, 59.0 and 49.5 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. In the chronoamperometry (CA) test, the HER current density measured on catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is about 7.81 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> after 10 h, being much higher than that of catalyst c<sub>2</sub> (2.15 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), c<sub>3</sub> (2.73 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and the commercial Pt/C (5.63 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>). After a thorough characterization, the greatly decreased R<sub>ct</sub> and the larger ECSA value are analyzed to be the main reasons giving catalyst c<sub>1</sub> an outstanding HER electrocatalytic activity. Showing the preparation of a novel HER catalyst of Pt/FG-NiO as well as its satisfied HER electrocatalytic performance are the main contributions of the present work, which is very beneficial to the development of Ni and Pt based alka
{"title":"Pt/flaky graphite–NiO composite electrocatalyst for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Keqiang Ding , Xiaoxuan Liang , Ying Bai , Yiqing Chen , Jiawen Bao , Qian Zhao , Mengqing Niu , Wanting Shi , Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the first time, a novel kind of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst, namely, a flaky graphite (denoted as FG) and nickelous oxide (NiO) composite material supported platinum (Pt) catalyst (denoted as Pt/FG-NiO), is prepared via an air calcination-assisted hydrothermal method, in which the commercial graphite, one kind of nickel-containing substance (nickel acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·4 H<sub>2</sub>O) or nickel acetylacetonate (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub>) or nickel oxalate dehydrate (NiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·2 H<sub>2</sub>O)) and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>·6 H<sub>2</sub>O) are utilized as the starting materials. In this work, firstly, three precursors are synthesized through calcining the mixture having the commercial graphite and one kind of nickel-containing substance in air at 550℃ for 1 h, namely, precursor p<sub>1</sub>, p<sub>2</sub> and p<sub>3</sub> are respectively prepared using Ni(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·4 H<sub>2</sub>O, C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub> and NiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·2 H<sub>2</sub>O. Subsequently, the resulting precursor p<sub>1</sub>, p<sub>2</sub> and p<sub>3</sub> are subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the presence of chloroplatinic acid solution, respectively, generating catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, c<sub>2</sub> and c<sub>3</sub>. As demonstrated by XRD and XPS results, graphite, NiO and metallic Pt are the major substances of all fabricated catalysts. More importantly, all prepared catalysts, especially catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards alkaline HER. For example, the overpotential value to attain a HER current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> on catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is as lower as 39.6 mV, being rather lower than that of catalyst c<sub>2</sub> (52.2 mV) and c<sub>3</sub> (57.2 mV). To be noted, the value of 39.6 mV for catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is very close to that of the commercial platinum/carbon (Pt/C) catalyst (37.9 mV). The Tafel slope values of catalyst c<sub>1</sub>, c<sub>2</sub>, c<sub>3</sub> and Pt/C for HER are about 41.3, 52.4, 59.0 and 49.5 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. In the chronoamperometry (CA) test, the HER current density measured on catalyst c<sub>1</sub> is about 7.81 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> after 10 h, being much higher than that of catalyst c<sub>2</sub> (2.15 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), c<sub>3</sub> (2.73 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and the commercial Pt/C (5.63 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>). After a thorough characterization, the greatly decreased R<sub>ct</sub> and the larger ECSA value are analyzed to be the main reasons giving catalyst c<sub>1</sub> an outstanding HER electrocatalytic activity. Showing the preparation of a novel HER catalyst of Pt/FG-NiO as well as its satisfied HER electrocatalytic performance are the main contributions of the present work, which is very beneficial to the development of Ni and Pt based alka","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101263
Li Xinmei , Li Zhiming , Suo Shuai , Xue Tianxiang , Li Wen , Guo Fuqiang
This study examines the corrosion response and microstructural evolution of Fe-15.5Mn-5.5Si-8.2Cr-5.5Ni shape memory alloy subjected to varying pre-deformation levels. Experimental findings reveal that pre-strain promotes stress-induced transformation of austenite into ε-martensite, which nucleates preferentially at austenite grain boundaries. A significant rise in dislocation density is observed near grain boundaries and phase interfaces, contributing to localized corrosion. As a result, the alloy exhibits increased susceptibility to corrosion with greater pre-deformation, demonstrating a clear deterioration in overall corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Effect of deformation treatment on corrosion properties of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys","authors":"Li Xinmei , Li Zhiming , Suo Shuai , Xue Tianxiang , Li Wen , Guo Fuqiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the corrosion response and microstructural evolution of Fe-15.5Mn-5.5Si-8.2Cr-5.5Ni shape memory alloy subjected to varying pre-deformation levels. Experimental findings reveal that pre-strain promotes stress-induced transformation of austenite into ε-martensite, which nucleates preferentially at austenite grain boundaries. A significant rise in dislocation density is observed near grain boundaries and phase interfaces, contributing to localized corrosion. As a result, the alloy exhibits increased susceptibility to corrosion with greater pre-deformation, demonstrating a clear deterioration in overall corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101252
Shumin Ding , Yanni Huang , Qiwen Li , Huijuan Zhang , Jinping Li , Yifei Guo , Mengyue Guo , Dandan Kong , Meihua Yang , Jiaoyang Luo
Areca nut (AN) is widely popular in Asian countries due to its medicinal and edible values. Arecoline is the major toxic component in AN product and has been classified as “possibly carcinogenic to humans”. Owing to its oral carcinogenicity and addictive harm, a rapid screening method for estimating arecoline at risk levels is important for consumer and clinical research. In this study, a facile and ultra-stable chemical sensor was investigated and dedicated to monitoring arecoline in AN and saliva samples. The superiority in stability, sensitivity and selectivity was thoroughly explained through theoretical calculations, physicochemical and electrochemical properties. The sensitivity and stability were at least twice as good even after 10 uses or among different sensor batches, while its recoveries remained within 83.23 %-124.30 %. In conclusion, this work provides a new insight into the fabrication, mechanism analysis, and application of rapid analysis systems for reliable sensing toxic substances in human consumption safety.
{"title":"Ultra-facile and stable electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of arecoline in areca nut and simulated saliva samples","authors":"Shumin Ding , Yanni Huang , Qiwen Li , Huijuan Zhang , Jinping Li , Yifei Guo , Mengyue Guo , Dandan Kong , Meihua Yang , Jiaoyang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Areca nut (AN) is widely popular in Asian countries due to its medicinal and edible values. Arecoline is the major toxic component in AN product and has been classified as “possibly carcinogenic to humans”. Owing to its oral carcinogenicity and addictive harm, a rapid screening method for estimating arecoline at risk levels is important for consumer and clinical research. In this study, a facile and ultra-stable chemical sensor was investigated and dedicated to monitoring arecoline in AN and saliva samples. The superiority in stability, sensitivity and selectivity was thoroughly explained through theoretical calculations, physicochemical and electrochemical properties. The sensitivity and stability were at least twice as good even after 10 uses or among different sensor batches, while its recoveries remained within 83.23 %-124.30 %. In conclusion, this work provides a new insight into the fabrication, mechanism analysis, and application of rapid analysis systems for reliable sensing toxic substances in human consumption safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101260
Ajayb Saud Alresheedi , Manal El Sayed
Uniformity of metal deposition is crucial in electrodeposition processes since it directly influences coating performance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical durability, especially for components with complex geometries. This study evaluates and compares the throwing power (TP) and throwing index (TI) of three commonly used zinc electroplating baths —chloride, sulphate, and acetate- under controlled conditions. A Haring-Blum cell was used for TP measurements, and TI values were calculated from metal distribution ratios across different cathode distances. Potentiodynamic cathodic polarization curves were also recorded to help correlate electrochemical behavior with deposition uniformity. The zinc chloride bath consistently demonstrated superior TP (14.28 – 60.0) and TI (1.33–4.0) across a wide range of zinc salt concentrations, current densities, and pH values, owing to its higher conductivity and enhanced polarization behavior. Sulphate-based baths exhibited moderate TP (5.26–33.33) and TI (1.0–2.32) with significant sensitivity to operating conditions, whereas acetate-based baths exhibited the lowest TP (5.26–14.28) and TI (1.0–1.66), most likely due to limited ion mobility and conductivity. Microstructural and surface characterization confirmed these findings, with the chloride bath exhibiting the most balanced performance in terms of hardness, morphology, and coating uniformity. These results lay the groundwork for improving zinc-electroplating baths to achieve better coating longevity, corrosion resistance, and dependable performance in industrial applications that demand high surface coverage and exact thickness control.
{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of throwing power in zinc electroplating baths","authors":"Ajayb Saud Alresheedi , Manal El Sayed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uniformity of metal deposition is crucial in electrodeposition processes since it directly influences coating performance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical durability, especially for components with complex geometries. This study evaluates and compares the throwing power (TP) and throwing index (TI) of three commonly used zinc electroplating baths —chloride, sulphate, and acetate- under controlled conditions. A Haring-Blum cell was used for TP measurements, and TI values were calculated from metal distribution ratios across different cathode distances. Potentiodynamic cathodic polarization curves were also recorded to help correlate electrochemical behavior with deposition uniformity. The zinc chloride bath consistently demonstrated superior TP (14.28 – 60.0) and TI (1.33–4.0) across a wide range of zinc salt concentrations, current densities, and pH values, owing to its higher conductivity and enhanced polarization behavior. Sulphate-based baths exhibited moderate TP (5.26–33.33) and TI (1.0–2.32) with significant sensitivity to operating conditions, whereas acetate-based baths exhibited the lowest TP (5.26–14.28) and TI (1.0–1.66), most likely due to limited ion mobility and conductivity. Microstructural and surface characterization confirmed these findings, with the chloride bath exhibiting the most balanced performance in terms of hardness, morphology, and coating uniformity. These results lay the groundwork for improving zinc-electroplating baths to achieve better coating longevity, corrosion resistance, and dependable performance in industrial applications that demand high surface coverage and exact thickness control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101259
R. Suganya , L.M.I. Leo Joseph , Sreedhar Kollem
The effective, secure, and adaptive charging of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a Real-time Learning-Assisted Charging Strategy, a new hybrid control framework that combines Constant Current–Constant Voltage charging with pulse current modulation and smart, real-time learning feedback. Unlike traditional hybrid or adaptive algorithms that rely on predetermined transition thresholds, the proposed system continuously learns from actual cell responses, including voltage, current, temperature, and State of Charge. This allows it to adaptively adjust parameters such as pulse amplitude, rest time, and voltage hold phases, enabling accurate thermal control and maximum energy transfer during charging. Experimental verification using an eight-cell 6000 mAh NMC pack demonstrates that the method achieves a charging efficiency of up to 98 %, a charge time of 42 min, and a thermal deviation of less than ±0.3 °C. In parallel, MATLAB/Simulink simulations confirm the performance trend and further predict a 21 % reduction in total charging time and a 37 % increase in cycle life under idealized conditions, while maintaining a thermal deviation of less than 4 °C. Additionally, it maximizes long-term capacity retention (85 % after 500 cycles) in the experimental study and increases projected cycle life by 37 % through simulation compared to the traditional CC–CV approach. These results indicate that the proposed method not only improves control but also serves as an optimization framework driven by learning, bridging the gap between model-based predictions and real-time experimentation. This approach provides a scalable, reliable, and intelligent foundation for next-generation Electric Vehicle Battery Management Systems, prioritizing both efficiency and safety.
{"title":"A real-time learning-assisted charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles","authors":"R. Suganya , L.M.I. Leo Joseph , Sreedhar Kollem","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective, secure, and adaptive charging of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a Real-time Learning-Assisted Charging Strategy, a new hybrid control framework that combines Constant Current–Constant Voltage charging with pulse current modulation and smart, real-time learning feedback. Unlike traditional hybrid or adaptive algorithms that rely on predetermined transition thresholds, the proposed system continuously learns from actual cell responses, including voltage, current, temperature, and State of Charge. This allows it to adaptively adjust parameters such as pulse amplitude, rest time, and voltage hold phases, enabling accurate thermal control and maximum energy transfer during charging. Experimental verification using an eight-cell 6000 mAh NMC pack demonstrates that the method achieves a charging efficiency of up to 98 %, a charge time of 42 min, and a thermal deviation of less than ±0.3 °C. In parallel, MATLAB/Simulink simulations confirm the performance trend and further predict a 21 % reduction in total charging time and a 37 % increase in cycle life under idealized conditions, while maintaining a thermal deviation of less than 4 °C. Additionally, it maximizes long-term capacity retention (85 % after 500 cycles) in the experimental study and increases projected cycle life by 37 % through simulation compared to the traditional CC–CV approach. These results indicate that the proposed method not only improves control but also serves as an optimization framework driven by learning, bridging the gap between model-based predictions and real-time experimentation. This approach provides a scalable, reliable, and intelligent foundation for next-generation Electric Vehicle Battery Management Systems, prioritizing both efficiency and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 101259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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