International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献_第6页

Evaluation and comparison of throwing power in zinc electroplating baths 锌镀液抛丸力的评价与比较

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101260

Ajayb Saud Alresheedi , Manal El Sayed

Uniformity of metal deposition is crucial in electrodeposition processes since it directly influences coating performance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical durability, especially for components with complex geometries. This study evaluates and compares the throwing power (TP) and throwing index (TI) of three commonly used zinc electroplating baths —chloride, sulphate, and acetate- under controlled conditions. A Haring-Blum cell was used for TP measurements, and TI values were calculated from metal distribution ratios across different cathode distances. Potentiodynamic cathodic polarization curves were also recorded to help correlate electrochemical behavior with deposition uniformity. The zinc chloride bath consistently demonstrated superior TP (14.28 – 60.0) and TI (1.33–4.0) across a wide range of zinc salt concentrations, current densities, and pH values, owing to its higher conductivity and enhanced polarization behavior. Sulphate-based baths exhibited moderate TP (5.26–33.33) and TI (1.0–2.32) with significant sensitivity to operating conditions, whereas acetate-based baths exhibited the lowest TP (5.26–14.28) and TI (1.0–1.66), most likely due to limited ion mobility and conductivity. Microstructural and surface characterization confirmed these findings, with the chloride bath exhibiting the most balanced performance in terms of hardness, morphology, and coating uniformity. These results lay the groundwork for improving zinc-electroplating baths to achieve better coating longevity, corrosion resistance, and dependable performance in industrial applications that demand high surface coverage and exact thickness control.

金属沉积的均匀性在电沉积过程中至关重要，因为它直接影响涂层性能，耐腐蚀性和机械耐久性，特别是对于具有复杂几何形状的部件。在一定条件下，对氯化物、硫酸盐和醋酸三种常用电镀锌液的抛锌力（TP）和抛锌指数（TI）进行了评价和比较。采用哈林-布卢姆电池测量总磷，并根据不同阴极距离上的金属分布比计算TI值。还记录了电位动态阴极极化曲线，以帮助将电化学行为与沉积均匀性联系起来。由于其更高的电导率和增强的极化行为，氯化锌浴在很大的锌盐浓度、电流密度和pH值范围内始终表现出优异的TP（14.28 - 60.0）和TI（1.33-4.0）。硫酸盐基浴槽具有中等的TP（5.26-33.33）和TI(1.0-2.32)，对操作条件具有显著的敏感性，而醋酸盐基浴槽具有最低的TP（5.26-14.28）和TI(1.0-1.66)，很可能是由于离子迁移率和电导率有限。微观结构和表面表征证实了这些发现，氯化物浴在硬度、形貌和涂层均匀性方面表现出最平衡的性能。这些结果为改进锌电镀槽奠定了基础，以在需要高表面覆盖率和精确厚度控制的工业应用中实现更好的涂层寿命，耐腐蚀性和可靠的性能。

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引用次数: 0

A real-time learning-assisted charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles 电动汽车锂离子电池的实时学习辅助充电策略

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101259

R. Suganya , L.M.I. Leo Joseph , Sreedhar Kollem

The effective, secure, and adaptive charging of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a Real-time Learning-Assisted Charging Strategy, a new hybrid control framework that combines Constant Current–Constant Voltage charging with pulse current modulation and smart, real-time learning feedback. Unlike traditional hybrid or adaptive algorithms that rely on predetermined transition thresholds, the proposed system continuously learns from actual cell responses, including voltage, current, temperature, and State of Charge. This allows it to adaptively adjust parameters such as pulse amplitude, rest time, and voltage hold phases, enabling accurate thermal control and maximum energy transfer during charging. Experimental verification using an eight-cell 6000 mAh NMC pack demonstrates that the method achieves a charging efficiency of up to 98 %, a charge time of 42 min, and a thermal deviation of less than ±0.3 °C. In parallel, MATLAB/Simulink simulations confirm the performance trend and further predict a 21 % reduction in total charging time and a 37 % increase in cycle life under idealized conditions, while maintaining a thermal deviation of less than 4 °C. Additionally, it maximizes long-term capacity retention (85 % after 500 cycles) in the experimental study and increases projected cycle life by 37 % through simulation compared to the traditional CC–CV approach. These results indicate that the proposed method not only improves control but also serves as an optimization framework driven by learning, bridging the gap between model-based predictions and real-time experimentation. This approach provides a scalable, reliable, and intelligent foundation for next-generation Electric Vehicle Battery Management Systems, prioritizing both efficiency and safety.

电动汽车锂离子电池的有效、安全和自适应充电仍然是一个重大挑战。本文介绍了一种实时学习辅助充电策略，这是一种将恒流-恒压充电与脉冲电流调制以及智能实时学习反馈相结合的新型混合控制框架。与传统的混合或自适应算法依赖于预定的过渡阈值不同，所提出的系统不断地从实际的电池响应中学习，包括电压、电流、温度和充电状态。这使得它可以自适应地调整参数，如脉冲幅度，休息时间和电压保持相位，实现精确的热控制和充电期间最大的能量转移。实验验证表明，该方法的充电效率高达98% %，充电时间为42 min，热偏差小于±0.3°C。同时，MATLAB/Simulink仿真证实了性能趋势，并进一步预测在理想条件下，总充电时间减少21% %，循环寿命增加37% %，同时保持热偏差小于4°C。此外，在实验研究中，与传统的CC-CV方法相比，它最大限度地提高了长期容量保留（500次循环后85 %），并通过模拟将预计循环寿命提高了37 %。这些结果表明，该方法不仅提高了控制性能，而且作为一个由学习驱动的优化框架，弥合了基于模型的预测和实时实验之间的差距。这种方法为下一代电动汽车电池管理系统提供了可扩展、可靠和智能的基础，优先考虑了效率和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of chloride ion concentration on the corrosion behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel in sulfuric acid 氯离子浓度对304奥氏体不锈钢在硫酸中腐蚀行为的影响

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101257

Ahmed.S. Alshamsi, Asma.Y. Alkaabi, Afra.G. AlBlooshi

The corrosion behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel in sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) solutions was investigated as a function of chloride ion (Cl^-) concentration. The steel exhibited distinctive electrochemical behaviors governed by both acid and chloride concentrations. In H₂SO₄ solutions (≤ 1 M), the corrosion current density (i_corr) increased, while the polarization resistance (Rₚ) decreased with increasing Cl^- concentration, indicating accelerated corrosion rate. In contrast, in ≥ 2 M H₂SO₄ solutions, i_corr decreased and Rₚ increased with increasing Cl^- concentration up to approximately 0.5–1.0 M, followed by a reversal in trend at higher chloride levels (≥ 1 M NaCl). The pitting susceptibility of the steel was strongly influenced by both parameters, increasing with Cl^- concentration but diminishing with higher H₂SO₄ concentrations. These results demonstrate a competitive interaction between Cl^- and SO₄²⁻ ions, where sulfate ions inhibit pitting, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel in relatively high acidic concentration media.

研究了304奥氏体不锈钢在硫酸（H2SO4）溶液中的腐蚀行为与氯离子（Cl-）浓度的关系。在酸和氯化物浓度的共同作用下，钢表现出独特的电化学行为。在H2SO4溶液（≤1 M）中，随着Cl-浓度的增加，腐蚀电流密度（icorr）增大，极化电阻（Rₚ）减小，表明腐蚀速率加快。相反，在≥ 2 M的H2SO4溶液中，随着Cl-浓度的增加，icorr降低，Rₚ升高，达到约0.5-1.0 M，然后在更高的氯浓度（≥1 M NaCl）下趋势逆转。这两个参数对钢的点蚀敏感性都有强烈的影响，随着Cl-浓度的增加而增加，但随着H2SO4浓度的增加而降低。这些结果证明了Cl-和SO4²-之间的竞争性相互作用，其中硫酸盐离子抑制了点蚀，从而提高了304不锈钢在较高酸性浓度介质中的耐腐蚀性。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial neural network modeling of electrochemical noise for predicting corrosion resistance of AA2024-AZ31 alloy in chloride solutions with cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate 电化学噪声的人工神经网络建模预测AA2024-AZ31合金在六水硝酸铈（III）氯化物溶液中的耐蚀性

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101253

A. Parrales , Sung-Hyuk Cha , J.M. Angeles , D.E. Millán-Ocampo , R. López-Sesenes , J.A. Hernández

In this study, artificial neural networks were proposed and applied to estimate the noise resistance (

R_{n}

) of the AA2024–AZ31 alloy exposed to 0.05 M NaCl with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM of cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate. Three pseudo-random number generators (MCG16807, MLF6331, and Mersenne Twister), two preprocessing strategies (normalization and standardization), and several transfer functions were evaluated to determine their impact on predictive accuracy. The Mersenne Twister method, combined with standardization, produced the most consistent results. The best performance was achieved with the dSiLU transfer function and seven neurons with a determination correlation (

R^{2}

) of 0.998 and an RMSE of 33.363. Meanwhile, the Sinc-Squared function yielded results comparable to the best model.

在本研究中，提出了人工神经网络并应用于AA2024-AZ31合金在0.05 M NaCl和0、2、4、6、8和10 mM六水硝酸铈（III）下的抗噪声性能（Rn）的估算。评估了三种伪随机数生成器（MCG16807、MLF6331和Mersenne Twister）、两种预处理策略（归一化和标准化）以及几种传递函数对预测精度的影响。梅森扭扭法与标准化相结合，产生了最一致的结果。dSiLU传递函数与7个神经元的相关性（R2）为0.998，RMSE为33.363。同时，sinc2 ^ 2函数得到的结果与最佳模型相当。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of cathodic protection potential on the efficiency of steel protection in marine sediments containing sulfate-reducing bacteria 阴极保护电位对含硫酸盐还原菌海洋沉积物中钢铁保护效果的影响

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101258

Zeyu Zuo , Zhenhua Yu , Ying Yan , Jie Zhang , Ke Wang , Xilei Chen , Ruiyong Zhang , Qian An

This study investigates the effects of different cathodic protection potentials on SRB adhesion and corrosion product formation in marine sediment containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), using weight loss measurements, surface morphology analysis, corrosion product characterization, and electrochemical testing. The results show that SRB form biofilms on the cathodic surface, which promote the formation of corrosion films. These films provide a certain degree of protection to the metal, and their composition changes with the applied potential. The efficiency of cathodic protection is jointly influenced by the protection potential and SRB activity. The study demonstrates that appropriately shifting the cathodic protection potential in the negative direction can suppress SRB activity while utilizing its role in promoting corrosion film formation, thereby enhancing protection performance. In actual marine environments, a suitably negative cathodic protection potential can both inhibit SRB and improve protection efficiency by facilitating corrosion film formation.

本研究通过失重测量、表面形貌分析、腐蚀产物表征和电化学测试，研究了不同阴极保护电位对硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）海洋沉积物中SRB粘附和腐蚀产物形成的影响。结果表明，SRB在阴极表面形成生物膜，促进了腐蚀膜的形成。这些薄膜对金属提供一定程度的保护，其成分随外加电位的变化而变化。阴极保护效率受保护电位和SRB活性的共同影响。研究表明，适当地将阴极保护电位向负方向移动可以抑制SRB活性，同时利用其促进腐蚀膜形成的作用，从而提高保护性能。在实际海洋环境中，适当的负阴极保护电位既可以抑制SRB，又可以通过促进腐蚀膜的形成来提高保护效率。

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引用次数: 0

Label-free and highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for alkaline phosphatase 无标记、高灵敏度碱性磷酸酶电化学免疫传感器

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101256

Juan Gao , Qiankun Lai , Chong Guo , Qingshan Yao , Bin Qiu , Yanxia Wang , Mingkun Liu

As a critical hydrolase regulating bone mineralization and skeletal development, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) necessitates simplified detection methodologies. In this work, we developed a label-free electrochemical immunosensor of ALP by leveraging Ti₃C₂Tₓ nanoribbon/gold nanoparticle hybrids as functional electrode modifier which was prepared just via an easy self-reduction method. Comprehensive characterization via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the hybrid's hierarchical architecture. Antibody immobilization was achieved through cysteamine-mediated covalent conjugation. The detection mechanism exploits [Fe(CN)₆]³ ⁻/⁴⁻ redox signal attenuation upon target-induced immunocomplex formation, enabling label-free quantification. Optimized operational parameters yielded a dynamic detection range of 10 – 900 U/L with a 2 U/L limit of detection, demonstrating potential clinical viability for the skeletal related diseases screening.

碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase， ALP）作为一种调节骨矿化和骨骼发育的关键水解酶，需要简化检测方法。在这项工作中，我们利用Ti₃C₂Tₓ纳米带/金纳米颗粒杂化物作为功能电极改性剂，通过简单的自还原方法制备了一种无标记的ALP电化学免疫传感器。通过扫描电子显微镜、x射线衍射和x射线光电子能谱以及电化学阻抗谱的综合表征证实了这种混合材料的分层结构。通过半胱氨酸介导的共价偶联实现抗体固定。检测机制利用[Fe（CN）₆]³ 在目标诱导的免疫复合物形成过程中产生的毒血症信号衰减，实现无标签定量。优化后的操作参数的动态检测范围为10 ~ 900 U/L，检测限为2 U/L，显示了骨骼相关疾病筛查的潜在临床可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Silver-coated polypyrrole/indium oxide (Ag-PPY/In₂O₃) nanocomposites for humidity sensing 用于湿度传感的镀银聚吡咯/氧化铟（Ag-PPY/In₂O₃）纳米复合材料

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101254

Kusuma D. , Raghavendra S.C. , Revanasiddappa M. , Raghavendra N.

The development of sustainable humidity sensors is crucial for next-generation electronics and telecommunication systems. In this study, silver-coated polypyrrole (Ag–PPy) nanocomposites integrated with indium oxide (In₂O₃, 2–10 wt%) were synthesized via a green route using phytochemical-rich green tea extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. This eco-friendly approach enabled controlled nanoparticle formation while minimizing hazardous by-products. Comprehensive structural and morphological characterization confirmed the successful fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites with tunable physicochemical properties. Humidity-sensing investigations revealed that increasing In₂O₃ content enhanced baseline resistance and sensitivity. Composites containing 6 % and 10 % In₂O₃ exhibited sharp decreases in resistance with increasing relative humidity, demonstrating superior sensitivity, whereas the 2 % composite provided a stable, reversible response, ensuring reliable operation. The improved sensing performance arises from the synergistic effects of the conductive PPy framework, plasmonic Ag, and semiconducting In₂O₃, which collectively facilitate charge transport and water adsorption. These findings highlight Ag–PPy/In₂O₃ nanocomposites as promising eco-engineered materials for humidity sensing in flexible electronics, environmental monitoring, and smart communication technologies.

可持续湿度传感器的发展对下一代电子和电信系统至关重要。在这项研究中，以富含植物化学物质的绿茶提取物为天然还原剂，通过绿色途径合成了含氧化铟（In₂O₃，2-10 wt%）的银包覆聚吡咯（Ag-PPy）纳米复合材料。这种环保的方法可以控制纳米颗粒的形成，同时最大限度地减少有害的副产品。全面的结构和形态表征证实了具有可调物理化学性能的杂化纳米复合材料的成功制备。湿度传感调查表明，增加In₂O₃含量可以增强基线电阻和灵敏度。含有6 %和10 % In₂O₃的复合材料随着相对湿度的增加，阻力急剧下降，表现出优异的灵敏度，而含有2 %的复合材料提供了稳定的、可逆的响应，确保了可靠的运行。传感性能的提高是由于导电PPy框架、等离子体Ag和半导体In₂O₃的协同作用，它们共同促进了电荷传输和水吸附。这一发现突出了Ag-PPy /In₂O₃纳米复合材料在柔性电子、环境监测和智能通信技术中的湿度传感方面是有前途的生态工程材料。

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引用次数: 0

Reduced graphene oxide-supported bipyridyl iron(II) complex as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution 还原氧化石墨烯负载的联吡啶铁（II）配合物作为析氢的高效电催化剂

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101251

Amal BaQais , Mohamed M. Ibrahim , Salih S. Al-Juaid , Mohammed A. Amin

A bipyridyl-containing iron(II) complex, [Fe(BPy)₂Cl₂]•BPy (Fe-BPy), was synthesized and immobilized on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to construct a hybrid electrocatalyst (Fe-BPy/rGO) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. Comprehensive characterization, including single-crystal XRD, spectroscopic, and electrochemical analyses, confirmed the octahedral geometry of Fe(II) and its stable non-covalent integration with rGO. Glassy carbon electrodes modified with Fe-BPy/rGO at different loading densities (0.1–0.5 mg cm⁻²) were evaluated in 0.1 M KOH. The optimized catalyst (0.5 mg cm⁻²) demonstrated outstanding HER activity, achieving an onset potential of −21 mV vs. RHE, an exchange current density of 0.7 mA cm⁻², and a Tafel slope of −114 mV dec⁻¹ , delivering 10 mA cm⁻² at an overpotential of 119 mV. These performances rival those of commercial Pt/C under identical conditions and surpass most reported molecular electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes. The hybrid also exhibited excellent durability, retaining activity after 5000 CV cycles and 48 h chronoamperometry. This study underscores the critical role of rGO in enhancing charge transfer, catalytic site accessibility, and long-term stability. The findings provide design guidelines for future molecular HER electrocatalysts, emphasizing the benefits of integrating earth-abundant transition-metal complexes with conductive carbon supports. Such hybrid systems represent a viable pathway toward cost-effective, scalable, and sustainable hydrogen production technologies.

合成了一种含联吡啶的铁（II）配合物[Fe（BPy）₂Cl₂]•BPy (Fe-BPy)，并将其固定在还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）上，构建了用于碱性介质中析氢反应（HER）的混合电催化剂（Fe-BPy/rGO）。综合表征，包括单晶XRD，光谱和电化学分析，证实了Fe（II）的八面体几何结构及其与还原氧化石墨烯的稳定非共价整合。在0.1 M KOH中对不同负载密度（0.1 - 0.5 mg cm⁻²）的Fe-BPy/rGO修饰的玻碳电极进行了评价。优化催化剂(0.5 mg  厘米⁻²)显示了卓越的活动,达到一个爆发的潜力−21 mV和流值的交换电流密度0.7马  厘米⁻²,和塔菲尔坡114− mV 12月⁻¹ ,交付10马  厘米⁻²的过电压119 mV。这些性能可与相同条件下的商用Pt/C相媲美，并且超过了大多数报道的碱性电解质中的分子电催化剂。该杂交品种还表现出优异的耐久性，在5000 CV循环和48 h时温后仍保持活性。这项研究强调了氧化石墨烯在增强电荷转移、催化位点可及性和长期稳定性方面的关键作用。这些发现为未来分子HER电催化剂的设计提供了指导，强调了将地球上丰富的过渡金属配合物与导电碳载体结合的好处。这种混合系统代表了一条可行的途径，可以实现成本效益高、可扩展和可持续的氢气生产技术。

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引用次数: 0

Front Matter1:Full Title Page 封面1：完整的标题页

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/S1452-3981(25)00321-9

引用次数: 0

Carbon nanotube/Bimetallic oxide-Copper-MOF (PdO-NiO-Cu-MOF-MWCNTs) composite for efficient hydrogen production from formic acid coupled with CO₂ utilization 碳纳米管/双金属氧化物-铜- mof （PdO-NiO-Cu-MOF-MWCNTs）复合材料用于甲酸高效制氢和CO₂利用

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101250

Dina Thole , Kwena D. Modibane , Reineck Mhlaba , Sheriff A. Balogun , Ebrahiem Botha , Collen L. Makola , Nicholas M. Musyoka

Investigating new, effective, and useful catalysts continues to be a research and industrial need as the world's hunt for sustainable energy continues to grow. In particular, it has been demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks support the capture and electrochemical reversible reaction of CO₂-to-formic acid, with remarkable CO₂ capture capabilities. We present here the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of a quaternary structure made up of bimetallic oxides, metal-organic frameworks, and carbon nanotubes. Comprehensive structure–performance correlations for the development of effective photocatalysts are provided by detailed characterization before and after catalysis. The best performance is shown by the quaternary composite, which achieves 99.9 % hydrogen selectivity with carbon dioxide capture and produces 21.2 mmol/g of hydrogen at a rate of 220 μmol/g/min. The present paper offers a promising approach to develop highly efficient and cost-effective low-dimensional photoelectrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production from formic acid with CO₂ capture, potentially tackling the challenges posed by the climate crisis.

随着世界对可持续能源的追求不断增长，研究新的、有效的、有用的催化剂仍然是一项研究和工业需求。特别是，已经证明金属有机框架支持CO 2到甲酸的捕获和电化学可逆反应，具有显着的CO 2捕获能力。我们在这里介绍了由双金属氧化物、金属有机框架和碳纳米管组成的四元结构的光催化产氢活性。通过催化前后的详细表征，为开发有效的光催化剂提供了全面的结构-性能相关性。在捕集二氧化碳的情况下，季元复合材料的氢选择性达到99.9 %，以220 μmol/g/min的速率产氢21.2 mmol/g。本文提供了一种很有前途的方法来开发高效且具有成本效益的低维光电催化剂，用于甲酸可持续制氢并捕获二氧化碳，有可能解决气候危机带来的挑战。

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引用次数: 0