Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4050
Meena Atray, Aditi Bhandari, Rahul Damor
Objective: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Ayurveda is one of the oldest healthcare systems, widely practiced in India and there is a misconception that AYU and H drugs are free from ADRs. Post-graduate (PG) students are fresh pass-out medical graduates and are major contributors in providing health care at tertiary care centres. The present study was planned with the aim of evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst PG students and impact of an educational intervention on their knowledge and attitude. Methods: A pre-test, post-test questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted. 41 postgraduate students from different branches were included. An educational intervention in the form of sensitization programme, including basic knowledge of pharmacovigilance, monitoring system for pharmacovigilance andcase-based ADR reporting was conducted. A validated questionnaire consisting of questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance was provided as a pre-test and post-test and the results were statistically evaluated. Results: Scores of pre-test reveals that the participants were aware of basic knowledge of pharmacovigilance but knowledge about reporting procedure and the monitoring system was lacking. The difference in mean scores of pre and post-test was statistically significant. Most of the participants agreed that reporting ADR improves drug safety and frequent sensitization programmes should be conducted but practically, they had not undergone any training/sensitization programme. Conclusion: The study reveals that even with the favorable attitude towards drug safety and ADR reporting, the unawareness of PG students about the monitoring system and deficient ADR reporting indicatesa strong need for the conduction of repeated training/sensitization programmes and other suitable methods for encouraging ADR reporting.
{"title":"IMPACT OF AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON AWARENESS OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND ADR REPORTING AMONGST AYURVEDIC POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS","authors":"Meena Atray, Aditi Bhandari, Rahul Damor","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4050","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Ayurveda is one of the oldest healthcare systems, widely practiced in India and there is a misconception that AYU and H drugs are free from ADRs. Post-graduate (PG) students are fresh pass-out medical graduates and are major contributors in providing health care at tertiary care centres. The present study was planned with the aim of evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst PG students and impact of an educational intervention on their knowledge and attitude. \u0000Methods: A pre-test, post-test questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted. 41 postgraduate students from different branches were included. An educational intervention in the form of sensitization programme, including basic knowledge of pharmacovigilance, monitoring system for pharmacovigilance andcase-based ADR reporting was conducted. A validated questionnaire consisting of questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance was provided as a pre-test and post-test and the results were statistically evaluated. \u0000Results: Scores of pre-test reveals that the participants were aware of basic knowledge of pharmacovigilance but knowledge about reporting procedure and the monitoring system was lacking. The difference in mean scores of pre and post-test was statistically significant. Most of the participants agreed that reporting ADR improves drug safety and frequent sensitization programmes should be conducted but practically, they had not undergone any training/sensitization programme. \u0000Conclusion: The study reveals that even with the favorable attitude towards drug safety and ADR reporting, the unawareness of PG students about the monitoring system and deficient ADR reporting indicatesa strong need for the conduction of repeated training/sensitization programmes and other suitable methods for encouraging ADR reporting.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4034
Dhawal Gami, Pravin Bande, Sagar Wajekar
Objective: Proximal humeral fractures, representing approximately 5% of all fractures, intricately challenge orthopaedic management, particularly in the geriatric demographic. Displaced variants, frequently encountered in the elderly, prompt surgical intervention to mitigate notable morbidity. The introduction of angular stable proximal humerus locking plates heralds a pivotal shift, purveying biomechanical robustness in osteoporotic contexts. This study meticulously assesses the efficacy of open reduction and internal fixation utilizing these plates, scrutinizing nuanced functional and radiological outcomes while elucidating intricate correlations with patients' Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cortical Index. Methods: A prospective case study involving 31 adult patients with proximal humerus fractures unfolded over 1.5 y within the bastions of the Department of Orthopaedics at BARC Hospital. Inclusion criteria encompassed specific fracture morphologies, while exclusion criteria diligently precluded medically infirm subjects and isolated tuberosity fractures. Radiographic scrutiny encompassed parameters such as cortical index, fracture classification, neck-shaft angle, GT to AS distance, and medial hinge reduction. Functional assessments, including QuickDASH and Constant-Murley scoring, were conducted postoperatively at 3 and 6 mo. Correlation analyses interfacing with BMI and cortical index engendered a profound understanding. Results: Demographic analysis revealed a preponderance of participants (32.3%) within the 61-70 age bracket, with 54.8% manifesting Neer 2-part fractures. The cohort exhibited an average BMI of 26.27 (SD = 4.29), coupled with a Cortical Index averaging 0.216 (SD = 0.012). Significantly improved QuickDASH scores, dwindling from 25.54±6.74 at 3 mo to 13.16±8.57 at 6 mo (p<0.0001), underscored noteworthy clinical advancement. Complications, while relatively infrequent, manifested in 6.5% as screw penetration and 9.7% as superficial infection. Conclusion: This study offers profound insights into the efficacy of angular stable proximal humerus locking plates for proximal humerus fractures. The discerned stability in anatomical metrics, coupled with substantial functional amelioration and a judiciously low complication milieu, emphatically underscores the procedural effectiveness. Correlation analyses unmask intricate associations with BMI and cortical index. Despite auspicious outcomes, ongoing research imperatively seeks refinement of understanding and the delineation of prophylactic measures for complications.
{"title":"STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES WITH PROXIMAL HUMERUS LOCKING PLATE","authors":"Dhawal Gami, Pravin Bande, Sagar Wajekar","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4034","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Proximal humeral fractures, representing approximately 5% of all fractures, intricately challenge orthopaedic management, particularly in the geriatric demographic. Displaced variants, frequently encountered in the elderly, prompt surgical intervention to mitigate notable morbidity. The introduction of angular stable proximal humerus locking plates heralds a pivotal shift, purveying biomechanical robustness in osteoporotic contexts. This study meticulously assesses the efficacy of open reduction and internal fixation utilizing these plates, scrutinizing nuanced functional and radiological outcomes while elucidating intricate correlations with patients' Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cortical Index. \u0000Methods: A prospective case study involving 31 adult patients with proximal humerus fractures unfolded over 1.5 y within the bastions of the Department of Orthopaedics at BARC Hospital. Inclusion criteria encompassed specific fracture morphologies, while exclusion criteria diligently precluded medically infirm subjects and isolated tuberosity fractures. Radiographic scrutiny encompassed parameters such as cortical index, fracture classification, neck-shaft angle, GT to AS distance, and medial hinge reduction. Functional assessments, including QuickDASH and Constant-Murley scoring, were conducted postoperatively at 3 and 6 mo. Correlation analyses interfacing with BMI and cortical index engendered a profound understanding. \u0000Results: Demographic analysis revealed a preponderance of participants (32.3%) within the 61-70 age bracket, with 54.8% manifesting Neer 2-part fractures. The cohort exhibited an average BMI of 26.27 (SD = 4.29), coupled with a Cortical Index averaging 0.216 (SD = 0.012). Significantly improved QuickDASH scores, dwindling from 25.54±6.74 at 3 mo to 13.16±8.57 at 6 mo (p<0.0001), underscored noteworthy clinical advancement. Complications, while relatively infrequent, manifested in 6.5% as screw penetration and 9.7% as superficial infection. \u0000Conclusion: This study offers profound insights into the efficacy of angular stable proximal humerus locking plates for proximal humerus fractures. The discerned stability in anatomical metrics, coupled with substantial functional amelioration and a judiciously low complication milieu, emphatically underscores the procedural effectiveness. Correlation analyses unmask intricate associations with BMI and cortical index. Despite auspicious outcomes, ongoing research imperatively seeks refinement of understanding and the delineation of prophylactic measures for complications.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"15 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4033
Vijayalaxmi A. Shende
Objective: For metabolic disorders, an abnormal lipid profile stands alone as a risk factor. Since most research has been done on unhealthy populations, a relationship in vitamin B12 deficiency and lipid profile is unclear. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional research with 201 apparently healthy vitamin B12 deficient people, aged 25 to 60, in order to evaluate a relationship in serum vitamin B12 levels and lipid profiles. Results: Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data has been collected. Serum vitamin B12 deficiency has defined as serum B12 level of<159 pmol/l.25% of the subjects had raised cholesterol, 70% had raised LDL, 35% had raised triglycerides, and 71% had low HDL. We observed that only MCV was negatively associated with vitamin B12 levels (P<0.0001). A remaining other variables, including lipid profile were not associated with vitamin B12 levels. We also found that presence of comorbidities was not significantly associated with vitamin B12 levels (P=NS). Conclusion: Therefore, in apparently healthy individuals, low serum vitamin B12 levels are not linked with abnormal lipid profiles.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN B12 LEVELS AND ADVERSE LIPID PROFILES IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS VISITING WELLNESS ASSESSMENT CENTER: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY","authors":"Vijayalaxmi A. Shende","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4033","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: For metabolic disorders, an abnormal lipid profile stands alone as a risk factor. Since most research has been done on unhealthy populations, a relationship in vitamin B12 deficiency and lipid profile is unclear. \u0000Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional research with 201 apparently healthy vitamin B12 deficient people, aged 25 to 60, in order to evaluate a relationship in serum vitamin B12 levels and lipid profiles. \u0000Results: Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data has been collected. Serum vitamin B12 deficiency has defined as serum B12 level of<159 pmol/l.25% of the subjects had raised cholesterol, 70% had raised LDL, 35% had raised triglycerides, and 71% had low HDL. We observed that only MCV was negatively associated with vitamin B12 levels (P<0.0001). A remaining other variables, including lipid profile were not associated with vitamin B12 levels. We also found that presence of comorbidities was not significantly associated with vitamin B12 levels (P=NS). \u0000Conclusion: Therefore, in apparently healthy individuals, low serum vitamin B12 levels are not linked with abnormal lipid profiles.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4038
Suneetha Pydi, K. Lavanya, M. Manjula, S. Swapna, P. V. P. Kumar, P. Kamala
Objective: To study the frequency of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in urinary tract infections. Methods: This study was conducted on urine samples received at the Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, for a period of six months from August 2022 to January 2023. During the study period, a total of 3361 urine samples were processed and conventional microbiological techniques were used to isolate uropathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by the Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method and interpreted according to Central Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2022. Multidrug-resistant bacilli in this study were defined as Gram-negative bacilli that were resistant to at least one agent in three or more antibiotic classes. Results: Out of 3361 urine samples received from outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital, 858 samples were culture positive-839 were Gram-negative isolates and 19 were Gram-positive isolates. Mean age was 40-60 y. Urinary tract infections were more common in females than males. Among Gram-negative bacilli isolated, Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated-435(50.69%), followed by Klebsiella species-232(27.03%), Acinetobacter species-105(12.25%), Pseudomonas species-55(6.41%), Proteus species-10(1.16%), Citrobacter species-2(0.23%). Among Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococci-17(1.98%) and Enterococci-2(0.23%) were isolated. Out of 858 isolates, 177 (20.62%) were identified as multidrug-resistant bacilli and all were resistant to the drug groups Cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Quinolones. Most of the Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in urinary tract infections have become a major health problem. Assessment of Risk factors, Surveillance of Resistance patterns and policies for proper use of antibiotics are urgently needed.
{"title":"STUDY OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND THEIR ANTIBIOGRAM AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"Suneetha Pydi, K. Lavanya, M. Manjula, S. Swapna, P. V. P. Kumar, P. Kamala","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4038","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the frequency of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in urinary tract infections. \u0000Methods: This study was conducted on urine samples received at the Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, for a period of six months from August 2022 to January 2023. During the study period, a total of 3361 urine samples were processed and conventional microbiological techniques were used to isolate uropathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by the Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method and interpreted according to Central Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2022. Multidrug-resistant bacilli in this study were defined as Gram-negative bacilli that were resistant to at least one agent in three or more antibiotic classes. \u0000Results: Out of 3361 urine samples received from outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital, 858 samples were culture positive-839 were Gram-negative isolates and 19 were Gram-positive isolates. Mean age was 40-60 y. Urinary tract infections were more common in females than males. Among Gram-negative bacilli isolated, Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated-435(50.69%), followed by Klebsiella species-232(27.03%), Acinetobacter species-105(12.25%), Pseudomonas species-55(6.41%), Proteus species-10(1.16%), Citrobacter species-2(0.23%). Among Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococci-17(1.98%) and Enterococci-2(0.23%) were isolated. Out of 858 isolates, 177 (20.62%) were identified as multidrug-resistant bacilli and all were resistant to the drug groups Cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Quinolones. Most of the Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin. \u0000Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in urinary tract infections have become a major health problem. Assessment of Risk factors, Surveillance of Resistance patterns and policies for proper use of antibiotics are urgently needed. ","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"72 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4028
Swapnil D. Phalak, Vishal Bodke, Satish Pandav, Maloji Ranaware
Malaria is one of the infectious illnesses of the highest scientific significance and importance to international health organizations. Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for a highly severe form of the disease in Africa, has traditionally received the most attention. However, in the last two decades, the Plasmodium vivax parasite, which is linked to a large number of cases in Latin America, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Oceania, has sparked enormous interest, owing to published evidence that it can cause severe malaria, among other things. Malaria is a worldwide public health problem, with a saw 247 million cases recorded in 2021. African countries accounted for approximately 94% of all reported cases. So far, over 200 distinct varieties of protozoa have been discovered and identified, with at least 13 of them being pathogenic to humans. The malaria parasite's life cycle is a complex process involving a mosquito with the species Anopheles and a vertebrate host. Artemether is a lipid-soluble artemisinin derivative. It is available in both oral and intramuscular forms. It is also available as a fixed-dose formulation with lumefantrine. Artemether-lumefantrine is one of the ACTs authorized by the WHO and is being used by the majority of countries transitioning from less effective medications to ACTs. However, the emergence of antimalarial medication resistance poses a significant challenge to malaria control. It works by killing the pathogenic organisms responsible for malaria. It is known as an antimalarial medication, and it is more effective than quinine therapies.
{"title":"A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON MALARIA DISEASE AND ITS TREATMENTS FOCUS ON ARTEMETHER DRUG","authors":"Swapnil D. Phalak, Vishal Bodke, Satish Pandav, Maloji Ranaware","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4028","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is one of the infectious illnesses of the highest scientific significance and importance to international health organizations. Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for a highly severe form of the disease in Africa, has traditionally received the most attention. However, in the last two decades, the Plasmodium vivax parasite, which is linked to a large number of cases in Latin America, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Oceania, has sparked enormous interest, owing to published evidence that it can cause severe malaria, among other things. Malaria is a worldwide public health problem, with a saw 247 million cases recorded in 2021. African countries accounted for approximately 94% of all reported cases. So far, over 200 distinct varieties of protozoa have been discovered and identified, with at least 13 of them being pathogenic to humans. The malaria parasite's life cycle is a complex process involving a mosquito with the species Anopheles and a vertebrate host. \u0000Artemether is a lipid-soluble artemisinin derivative. It is available in both oral and intramuscular forms. It is also available as a fixed-dose formulation with lumefantrine. Artemether-lumefantrine is one of the ACTs authorized by the WHO and is being used by the majority of countries transitioning from less effective medications to ACTs. However, the emergence of antimalarial medication resistance poses a significant challenge to malaria control. It works by killing the pathogenic organisms responsible for malaria. It is known as an antimalarial medication, and it is more effective than quinine therapies.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 62","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: COPD often exists with comorbidities that may have a significant impact on prognosis. Patients with COPD are predisposed to both cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Anxiety and depression are common and important comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Regarding this, there is a lack of data from state of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional study wherein 100 patients who attended the Pulmonary Medicine outpatient clinic of IGMC, Shimla were recruited. Patients were evaluated using tools International Classification of Disease, 10threvision, MINI 6.0, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results: About two-third (62%) of the patients were found to have psychiatric co-morbidities. The most common psychiatric co-morbidity was found to be mixed anxiety and depression in 20% of the patients followed by unspecified anxiety disorder in 12% of the patients,9% of the patients were diagnosed with dementia while 6% were found to have a major depressive disorder. As per our observation, the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms as per the HARS scale and HAMD scales, respectively, increased as the severity of the disease increased. Conclusion: The present study shows that about two third (62%) of the patients were found to have psychiatric co-morbidities. Psychiatric comorbidities have a significant impact on quality of life, exacerbation frequency and survival. Another multicentre large observational study can be planned in the future to overcome the above problems.
{"title":"PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE","authors":"Rewa Sood, Gagandeep Ahuja, Shivam Sharma, Dinesh Dutt Sharma, Monica, Sachin, Malay Sarkar","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4026","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: COPD often exists with comorbidities that may have a significant impact on prognosis. Patients with COPD are predisposed to both cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Anxiety and depression are common and important comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Regarding this, there is a lack of data from state of Himachal Pradesh. \u0000Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional study wherein 100 patients who attended the Pulmonary Medicine outpatient clinic of IGMC, Shimla were recruited. Patients were evaluated using tools International Classification of Disease, 10threvision, MINI 6.0, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. \u0000Results: About two-third (62%) of the patients were found to have psychiatric co-morbidities. The most common psychiatric co-morbidity was found to be mixed anxiety and depression in 20% of the patients followed by unspecified anxiety disorder in 12% of the patients,9% of the patients were diagnosed with dementia while 6% were found to have a major depressive disorder. As per our observation, the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms as per the HARS scale and HAMD scales, respectively, increased as the severity of the disease increased. \u0000Conclusion: The present study shows that about two third (62%) of the patients were found to have psychiatric co-morbidities. Psychiatric comorbidities have a significant impact on quality of life, exacerbation frequency and survival. Another multicentre large observational study can be planned in the future to overcome the above problems.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"5 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4043
Anjali Dubey, Pratishtha Shrivastava, Konika Jain
Objective: Endometrial pathology is becoming the most common issue that affects women of reproductive age group worldwide. AUB encompasses a wide variety of presentations, for example, frequent menstrual cycles, frequent and heavy cyclical bleeding, irregular bleeding, and postcoital bleeding. This study was done to evaluate the endometrial causes of AUB and to determine the specific pathology in different age groups. Methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 200 patients from January 2023 to October 2023 in the department of pathology in a reputed teaching hospital and research centre. All the endometrial biopsies/curretages and hysterectomy specimens sent for Histopathological examination with history of AUB were included in the study. Results: Age of the patients with AUB ranged from 17 to 71 y in our study. Out of 200 cases, 90 cases (45%) were seen in Perimenopausal group followed by 68 cases (34 %) in Reproductive age group and 42 cases (21%) in Postmenopausal age group. Menorrhagia was the most common bleeding pattern seen in 54% pf patient with AUB. In 28% in reproductive age group, hormonal imbalance was observed in 13% of reproductive age group and 6% in perimenopausal age group. Atrophic endometrium was observed in 7.5% of women in post-menopausal age group. Chronic endometritis was seen 3% of reproductive age group. Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding in women belonging to different age group show variable endometrial pattern on histopathological examination. They are valuable in early detection of pre-cancerous endometrial lesions as well as malignancy.
{"title":"STUDY OF ENDOMETRIAL PATHOLOGY IN ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING","authors":"Anjali Dubey, Pratishtha Shrivastava, Konika Jain","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4043","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Endometrial pathology is becoming the most common issue that affects women of reproductive age group worldwide. AUB encompasses a wide variety of presentations, for example, frequent menstrual cycles, frequent and heavy cyclical bleeding, irregular bleeding, and postcoital bleeding. This study was done to evaluate the endometrial causes of AUB and to determine the specific pathology in different age groups. \u0000Methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 200 patients from January 2023 to October 2023 in the department of pathology in a reputed teaching hospital and research centre. All the endometrial biopsies/curretages and hysterectomy specimens sent for Histopathological examination with history of AUB were included in the study. \u0000Results: Age of the patients with AUB ranged from 17 to 71 y in our study. Out of 200 cases, 90 cases (45%) were seen in Perimenopausal group followed by 68 cases (34 %) in Reproductive age group and 42 cases (21%) in Postmenopausal age group. Menorrhagia was the most common bleeding pattern seen in 54% pf patient with AUB. In 28% in reproductive age group, hormonal imbalance was observed in 13% of reproductive age group and 6% in perimenopausal age group. Atrophic endometrium was observed in 7.5% of women in post-menopausal age group. Chronic endometritis was seen 3% of reproductive age group. \u0000Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding in women belonging to different age group show variable endometrial pattern on histopathological examination. They are valuable in early detection of pre-cancerous endometrial lesions as well as malignancy.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The lumbar spine, a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system, is integral for structural support and mobility. Lumbar canal stenosis (LCS), characterized by spinal canal narrowing, is a growing concern associated with degenerative changes. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has emerged as a surgical intervention for LCS, aiming to achieve decompression and stabilization. This study comprehensively assesses the radiological and functional outcomes post-TLIF in LCS patients. Methods: A cohort of 40 LCS patients undergoing TLIF at Indira Gandhi Medical College was studied. Fifteen were retrospectively assessed operated on before May 2016, and 25 were prospective, operated between May 2016 and May 2017. Demographic data, preoperative ASIA scores, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, facet joint arthropathy, and Bridwell Fusion Grades were analyzed. Statistical tests included mean calculations, chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The study revealed a significant male predominance (57.5%) and age distribution (32 to 72 y) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1 (p value 0.0049). Preoperative ASIA scores showed 50% ASIA grade D and 25% grade E. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and facet joint arthropathy were present in 70% and 67.5% of patients, respectively. Bridwell Fusion Grade indicated 80% achieved grade 1 fusion. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into TLIF outcomes in LCS patients, emphasizing the significance of age, gender, neurological status, and associated pathologies. Favorable fusion outcomes suggest TLIF effectively stabilizes the lumbar spine. Future research with larger cohorts could further validate these findings and refine TLIF's role in LCS management.
{"title":"COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF RADIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING TRANSFORAMINAL LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION IN LUMBAR CANAL STENOSIS PATIENTS","authors":"Rahul Kumar Singh, Chhewang Topgia, Priyank Deepak","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4035","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The lumbar spine, a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system, is integral for structural support and mobility. Lumbar canal stenosis (LCS), characterized by spinal canal narrowing, is a growing concern associated with degenerative changes. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has emerged as a surgical intervention for LCS, aiming to achieve decompression and stabilization. This study comprehensively assesses the radiological and functional outcomes post-TLIF in LCS patients. \u0000Methods: A cohort of 40 LCS patients undergoing TLIF at Indira Gandhi Medical College was studied. Fifteen were retrospectively assessed operated on before May 2016, and 25 were prospective, operated between May 2016 and May 2017. Demographic data, preoperative ASIA scores, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, facet joint arthropathy, and Bridwell Fusion Grades were analyzed. Statistical tests included mean calculations, chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests. \u0000Results: The study revealed a significant male predominance (57.5%) and age distribution (32 to 72 y) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1 (p value 0.0049). Preoperative ASIA scores showed 50% ASIA grade D and 25% grade E. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and facet joint arthropathy were present in 70% and 67.5% of patients, respectively. Bridwell Fusion Grade indicated 80% achieved grade 1 fusion. \u0000Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into TLIF outcomes in LCS patients, emphasizing the significance of age, gender, neurological status, and associated pathologies. Favorable fusion outcomes suggest TLIF effectively stabilizes the lumbar spine. Future research with larger cohorts could further validate these findings and refine TLIF's role in LCS management.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"4 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4040
Arvind Kanwar, P. Malhotra, Manish Yadav, Abhinav Chaudhary, UK Chandel
Objective: Stomach carcinoma poses challenges in accurate staging and treatment planning. This study explores the evolving role of staging laparoscopy as an adjunct to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in enhancing stomach carcinoma staging. Methods: Conducted at Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, a one-year prospective study included biopsy-proven gastric carcinoma patients. Exclusion criteria involved neoadjuvant chemotherapy and proven metastasis. Investigations encompassed CECT, staging laparoscopy, and diagnostic lavage. Results: TNM staging revealed a predominance of Stage IIA (21.9%) and IIIA (25%). Locally advanced cases demonstrated infiltration into other organs (53.1%). Occult metastasis was present in 28.2%, with 66.7% in ascites cases. Staging laparoscopy detected occult metastasis in 28.2%, complementing CECT limitations. Significant associations were noted between occult metastasis and CECT staging, particularly in Stage III (88.9%). Conclusion: Integration of staging laparoscopy with CECT enhances precision in stomach carcinoma staging. Limitations of CECT in identifying occult metastasis are addressed by staging laparoscopy, providing valuable insights. Findings underscore the importance of CECT in advanced stages, contributing to comprehensive gastric cancer management. This study contributes to evolving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, promising improved patient outcomes.
{"title":"ENHANCING STOMACH CARCINOMA STAGING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF STAGING LAPAROSCOPY AS AN ADJUNCT TO CECT ABDOMEN","authors":"Arvind Kanwar, P. Malhotra, Manish Yadav, Abhinav Chaudhary, UK Chandel","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4040","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Stomach carcinoma poses challenges in accurate staging and treatment planning. This study explores the evolving role of staging laparoscopy as an adjunct to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in enhancing stomach carcinoma staging. \u0000Methods: Conducted at Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, a one-year prospective study included biopsy-proven gastric carcinoma patients. Exclusion criteria involved neoadjuvant chemotherapy and proven metastasis. Investigations encompassed CECT, staging laparoscopy, and diagnostic lavage. \u0000Results: TNM staging revealed a predominance of Stage IIA (21.9%) and IIIA (25%). Locally advanced cases demonstrated infiltration into other organs (53.1%). Occult metastasis was present in 28.2%, with 66.7% in ascites cases. Staging laparoscopy detected occult metastasis in 28.2%, complementing CECT limitations. Significant associations were noted between occult metastasis and CECT staging, particularly in Stage III (88.9%). \u0000Conclusion: Integration of staging laparoscopy with CECT enhances precision in stomach carcinoma staging. Limitations of CECT in identifying occult metastasis are addressed by staging laparoscopy, providing valuable insights. Findings underscore the importance of CECT in advanced stages, contributing to comprehensive gastric cancer management. This study contributes to evolving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, promising improved patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"117 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4027
Annepu Prasanthi, Aruna Bula, Puvvula Kamala
bjective: To assess the prevalence of coinfection of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV and to estimate the viral load of HBV and HCV in PLWH. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from November 2021 to October 2022 among patients attending ICTC. 5 ml of blood sample collected aseptically was tested for HIV, HBV and HCV using rapid immunochromatographic tests, ELISA and viral load estimated by Real-time PCR. Results: Out of 5087 samples tested for HIV, 666 samples (13.09%) were found to be positive. Prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was 15.6%(104 cases) and 1.5% (10 cases), respectively. Out of which, males were predominant (62.28%). This is clinically significant with a p-value of * 0.05. HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfections were predominant in 41-50 y age group. Among104 HIV-HBV coinfected, viral load at the time of diagnosis is ‘below detection level’ in 25(24.04%), <250 in 15(14.42%), 251-500 in 9(8.65 %), 501-1000 in 13(12.5 %), 1001-10,000 in 23(22 %) and>10, 000 copies/ml in 19(18.26%). In 10 HIV-HCV coinfected cases, the viral load is ‘below detection level’ in 2(20%), <250 in 1(10%), 251-500 in 1(10 %), 501-1000 in 1(10 %), 1001-10,000 in 4(40%) and>10,001-100,000 copies/ml in 1(10%). Conclusion: Monitoring the viral load in HBV or HCV infected at the time of diagnosis of HIV or testing for protective levels of antibodies post-vaccination in uninfected people will help in limiting the progression of chronic HBV or HCV to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma.
{"title":"QUANTIFICATION OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C VIRAL LOAD BY REAL-TIME PCR AND ASSESSMENT OF COINFECTION OF HBV AND HCV AMONG HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"Annepu Prasanthi, Aruna Bula, Puvvula Kamala","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i2.4027","url":null,"abstract":"bjective: To assess the prevalence of coinfection of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV and to estimate the viral load of HBV and HCV in PLWH. \u0000Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from November 2021 to October 2022 among patients attending ICTC. 5 ml of blood sample collected aseptically was tested for HIV, HBV and HCV using rapid immunochromatographic tests, ELISA and viral load estimated by Real-time PCR. \u0000Results: Out of 5087 samples tested for HIV, 666 samples (13.09%) were found to be positive. Prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was 15.6%(104 cases) and 1.5% (10 cases), respectively. Out of which, males were predominant (62.28%). This is clinically significant with a p-value of * 0.05. HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfections were predominant in 41-50 y age group. Among104 HIV-HBV coinfected, viral load at the time of diagnosis is ‘below detection level’ in 25(24.04%), <250 in 15(14.42%), 251-500 in 9(8.65 %), 501-1000 in 13(12.5 %), 1001-10,000 in 23(22 %) and>10, 000 copies/ml in 19(18.26%). In 10 HIV-HCV coinfected cases, the viral load is ‘below detection level’ in 2(20%), <250 in 1(10%), 251-500 in 1(10 %), 501-1000 in 1(10 %), 1001-10,000 in 4(40%) and>10,001-100,000 copies/ml in 1(10%). \u0000Conclusion: Monitoring the viral load in HBV or HCV infected at the time of diagnosis of HIV or testing for protective levels of antibodies post-vaccination in uninfected people will help in limiting the progression of chronic HBV or HCV to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"77 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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