Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.049
Kowsalya R
Among men one of the most common cancers identified globally is prostate cancer. Although the serum prostate specific antigen remains important for prognosis and diagnosis, the PSA assay is not highly accurate. In the search for improved minimally invasive methods as a biomarker, the expression patterns of circulating miRNAs have a potential importance and are emerging as a promising candidate as prognostic markers for prostate cancer.
{"title":"MicroRNAs as biomarkers in prostate cancer: A mini review","authors":"Kowsalya R","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.049","url":null,"abstract":"Among men one of the most common cancers identified globally is prostate cancer. Although the serum prostate specific antigen remains important for prognosis and diagnosis, the PSA assay is not highly accurate. In the search for improved minimally invasive methods as a biomarker, the expression patterns of circulating miRNAs have a potential importance and are emerging as a promising candidate as prognostic markers for prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"78 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.053
S. Shrestha, Pradeep Krishna Shrestha, Binod Kumar Yadav
Nepalese owing to modern lifestyle and processed food are racially at an elevated risk of acquiring central obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and thus Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). Low birth weight in utero and later becoming obese risks the development of T2DM. In a total of eighty-four newly diagnosed treatment-naive Nepalese T2DMs, incidence of IR, percentage beta-cell function (%BCF) and percentage insulin sensitivity (%IS) were determined using Homeostatic Model Assessment 2 (HOMA2-IR). Association of HOMA2-IR with albuminuria, kidney function, hs-CRP, fatty liver, fatty pancreas, several anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Among the eighty-four T2DMs, fifty-four agreeing regular follow-ups were prescribed a low-carbohydrate diet (<130gm/day). At 6 months, their glycemic controls were monitored. From 84 newly diagnosed T2DMs, 56 (66.7%) were insulin resistant and 28(33.3%) insulin-sensitive on HOMA2-IR. There was a significant association of HOMA2-IR with albuminuria and declining kidney function (p=0.006 and 0.034 respectively) and most of them were at reversible stages. Waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile ratios, fatty liver and fatty pancreas were elucidated as potential markers for IR. The IS group (ISG) had significantly inadequate %BCF (p=0.001) but high %IS (p<0.001) has healthier WHR (p=0.001) and lipid profile ratios which are opposite to IR group (IRG). 13 ISG had raised hs-CRP and 15 normal and 21 IRG had normal hs-CRP and 35 raised. At 6 months, the IRG achieved significantly better postprandial glycemic goals (p=0.04) and significant improvement in WC and WHR (p=0.008 and 0.03 respectively) with a low-carbohydrate diet as compared to ISG. Severe insulin resistance and IR-associated DKD, fatty liver and fatty pancreas are highly prevalent from the time of diagnosis of T2DM in the Nepalese population. Thus inspecting for IR and its consequences mandatorily at diagnosis and applying precision therapies like adjustments in the quality and quantity of staple food carbohydrates significantly improves IR-related parameters and glycemia.
{"title":"A mandatory practice in type 2 diabetes mellitus to maintain quality of life","authors":"S. Shrestha, Pradeep Krishna Shrestha, Binod Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.053","url":null,"abstract":"Nepalese owing to modern lifestyle and processed food are racially at an elevated risk of acquiring central obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and thus Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). Low birth weight in utero and later becoming obese risks the development of T2DM. In a total of eighty-four newly diagnosed treatment-naive Nepalese T2DMs, incidence of IR, percentage beta-cell function (%BCF) and percentage insulin sensitivity (%IS) were determined using Homeostatic Model Assessment 2 (HOMA2-IR). Association of HOMA2-IR with albuminuria, kidney function, hs-CRP, fatty liver, fatty pancreas, several anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Among the eighty-four T2DMs, fifty-four agreeing regular follow-ups were prescribed a low-carbohydrate diet (<130gm/day). At 6 months, their glycemic controls were monitored. From 84 newly diagnosed T2DMs, 56 (66.7%) were insulin resistant and 28(33.3%) insulin-sensitive on HOMA2-IR. There was a significant association of HOMA2-IR with albuminuria and declining kidney function (p=0.006 and 0.034 respectively) and most of them were at reversible stages. Waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile ratios, fatty liver and fatty pancreas were elucidated as potential markers for IR. The IS group (ISG) had significantly inadequate %BCF (p=0.001) but high %IS (p<0.001) has healthier WHR (p=0.001) and lipid profile ratios which are opposite to IR group (IRG). 13 ISG had raised hs-CRP and 15 normal and 21 IRG had normal hs-CRP and 35 raised. At 6 months, the IRG achieved significantly better postprandial glycemic goals (p=0.04) and significant improvement in WC and WHR (p=0.008 and 0.03 respectively) with a low-carbohydrate diet as compared to ISG. Severe insulin resistance and IR-associated DKD, fatty liver and fatty pancreas are highly prevalent from the time of diagnosis of T2DM in the Nepalese population. Thus inspecting for IR and its consequences mandatorily at diagnosis and applying precision therapies like adjustments in the quality and quantity of staple food carbohydrates significantly improves IR-related parameters and glycemia.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139775495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.052
Yao Epse Yapo Carine Mireille, Y. Eric, Kouacou Kadio Morel, Konan Konan Jean-Louis, Kone Dakouri Benedicte
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) testing is recommended once or twice a year to prevent bone complications resulting from chronic kidney disease. However, its interpretation is subject to many factors, including the generation of the PTH test used. For this reason, it is recommended that each laboratory establish its own PTH Upper Limit of Normality (ULN). In order to guarantee optimal management of hemodialysis patients in the public sector in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa), it proved important to compare the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism made using two platforms used in the laboratory in charge of monitoring these patients: PTH VIDAS® (3rd Generation) and PTH MAGLUMI® (2nd Generation). This was a cross-sectional study of 65 haemodialysis patients in Abidjan. PTH determinations were performed simultaneously on VIDAS® and MAGLUMI® platforms. The results obtained were interpreted on the basis of PTH threshold values pre-established in the laboratory. 86.15% of patients had concordant diagnoses on both platforms, compared with 13.85% with discordant diagnoses. Statistical analysis of these results showed a non-statistically significant difference.: The limitation posed by differences in PTH concentration given by different platforms can be circumvented by using PTH ULN stablished for each platform for a given population. Conclusion: The diagnoses made by the two platforms are thus superimposable using their respective PTH ULN.
{"title":"Comparison of two parathyroid hormone (pth) assay methods in the monitoring of black african hemodialysis patients in the ivory coast (Maglumi® vs Vidas Biomerieux® Kits)","authors":"Yao Epse Yapo Carine Mireille, Y. Eric, Kouacou Kadio Morel, Konan Konan Jean-Louis, Kone Dakouri Benedicte","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.052","url":null,"abstract":"Parathyroid hormone (PTH) testing is recommended once or twice a year to prevent bone complications resulting from chronic kidney disease. However, its interpretation is subject to many factors, including the generation of the PTH test used. For this reason, it is recommended that each laboratory establish its own PTH Upper Limit of Normality (ULN). In order to guarantee optimal management of hemodialysis patients in the public sector in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa), it proved important to compare the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism made using two platforms used in the laboratory in charge of monitoring these patients: PTH VIDAS® (3rd Generation) and PTH MAGLUMI® (2nd Generation). This was a cross-sectional study of 65 haemodialysis patients in Abidjan. PTH determinations were performed simultaneously on VIDAS® and MAGLUMI® platforms. The results obtained were interpreted on the basis of PTH threshold values pre-established in the laboratory. 86.15% of patients had concordant diagnoses on both platforms, compared with 13.85% with discordant diagnoses. Statistical analysis of these results showed a non-statistically significant difference.: The limitation posed by differences in PTH concentration given by different platforms can be circumvented by using PTH ULN stablished for each platform for a given population. Conclusion: The diagnoses made by the two platforms are thus superimposable using their respective PTH ULN.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"53 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139775106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.055
Mohammed Abdullah Al Shuhoumi, Amani Al Waili, Mark D Turner
Death and dysfunctionality of pancreatic islet beta-cells are a centric key element in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Saturated fatty acids are commonly circulated in diabetic and obese individuals. Elevated and chronic exposure to fatty acids has a pernicious influence on islet cells’ functionality and survival due to its capability to induce apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, T2DM is a heterogeneous disorder that includes genetic and environmental factors in conjunction with dyslipidaemia with a considerably high rate of morbidity and mortality. There are many genes involved in the pathogenesis that remain to be charted. Here, we show a comprehensive interrogation of GATA6 based on previously published gene expression data on the basis of stating its validity via bioinformatics analysis and reaching a new understanding. Various datasets with different patient cohorts were compared and contrasted. Gene ontology and predictive pathway analysis (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway; KEGG) were used to explore interactions of numerous differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interactions network through the STRING database has appreciated a list of key genes. GATA6 interacted with genes from pathways that were significantly enriched (FDR<0.05) in the analysis of the KEGG pathway suggesting its close involvement, for example, 'maturity-onset diabetes of the young pathway’ and ‘pathways in cancer’. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that GATA6 plays an intrinsic role in islet beta cell differentiation and survival, and bioinformatics analysis allows the introduction of potentially reliable biomarkers that interact with GATA6, which required further validation studies.
{"title":"Life and maladies in the grey area between the up & down regulation of GATA6: Uncharted spots of beta-pancreatic islet cells","authors":"Mohammed Abdullah Al Shuhoumi, Amani Al Waili, Mark D Turner","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.055","url":null,"abstract":"Death and dysfunctionality of pancreatic islet beta-cells are a centric key element in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Saturated fatty acids are commonly circulated in diabetic and obese individuals. Elevated and chronic exposure to fatty acids has a pernicious influence on islet cells’ functionality and survival due to its capability to induce apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, T2DM is a heterogeneous disorder that includes genetic and environmental factors in conjunction with dyslipidaemia with a considerably high rate of morbidity and mortality. There are many genes involved in the pathogenesis that remain to be charted. Here, we show a comprehensive interrogation of GATA6 based on previously published gene expression data on the basis of stating its validity via bioinformatics analysis and reaching a new understanding. Various datasets with different patient cohorts were compared and contrasted. Gene ontology and predictive pathway analysis (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway; KEGG) were used to explore interactions of numerous differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interactions network through the STRING database has appreciated a list of key genes. GATA6 interacted with genes from pathways that were significantly enriched (FDR<0.05) in the analysis of the KEGG pathway suggesting its close involvement, for example, 'maturity-onset diabetes of the young pathway’ and ‘pathways in cancer’. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that GATA6 plays an intrinsic role in islet beta cell differentiation and survival, and bioinformatics analysis allows the introduction of potentially reliable biomarkers that interact with GATA6, which required further validation studies.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"104 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.054
Roshna Vijay
: SARS-CoV2 infection induces inflammatory responses and acute lung injury in human beings. Infection causes certain haematological and biochemical changes in patients. This study aimed analyze the correlation between CBC derivatives and biochemical prognostic marker in COVID-19.: Total 80 individuals selected, 50 COVID-19 positive patients and 30 subjects negative for COVID-19 RT-PCR test. Blood collected was sent to NLR, RDW, assayed in Beckman Coulter DxH 800. Serum CRP estimated by Immuno-turbidimetric method, ferritin by CLIA. Plasma collected estimate for D-DIMER by CLIA. Unpaired T test & Pearson correlation (IBM SPSS 22.0) were used. : Elevated levels of NLR (p value <0.001), RDW (p value <0.001), FERRITIN (p value <0.001), D-D-DIMER (p value <0.001), CRP (p value <0.001) some research parameters like LHD and RSF show significant decrease. In current study the NLR positively correlate to CRP (r value=0.5, p value <0.001), NLR positively correlate to D-DIMER (r value=0.3, p value<0.05), RDW positively correlated to CRP (r value=, 0.3, p value <0.05), RDW negatively correlated to ferritin (r value=-0.439, p value <0.001)LHD negatively correlated ferritin (r value=-0.316, p value=<0.05), MAF negatively correlated to D-dimer (r value=-0.244 <0.05), MSCV positively correlated with CRP (r value=0.336, p value= <0.05).: The cytokine storm produced during covid-19 infection which inturn develop neutrophilia and lymphopenia, CRP production and also cause elevation of procoagulants &D-dimer. RDW and CRP are positively correlated they are elevated during inflammatory conditions.RDW and FERRITIN show negative correlation. Retrospective study have some limitation so future studies will reveal more information.
{"title":"Correlation study of CBC derivatives and biochemical prognostic marker in covid-19 patients","authors":"Roshna Vijay","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.054","url":null,"abstract":": SARS-CoV2 infection induces inflammatory responses and acute lung injury in human beings. Infection causes certain haematological and biochemical changes in patients. This study aimed analyze the correlation between CBC derivatives and biochemical prognostic marker in COVID-19.: Total 80 individuals selected, 50 COVID-19 positive patients and 30 subjects negative for COVID-19 RT-PCR test. Blood collected was sent to NLR, RDW, assayed in Beckman Coulter DxH 800. Serum CRP estimated by Immuno-turbidimetric method, ferritin by CLIA. Plasma collected estimate for D-DIMER by CLIA. Unpaired T test & Pearson correlation (IBM SPSS 22.0) were used. : Elevated levels of NLR (p value <0.001), RDW (p value <0.001), FERRITIN (p value <0.001), D-D-DIMER (p value <0.001), CRP (p value <0.001) some research parameters like LHD and RSF show significant decrease. In current study the NLR positively correlate to CRP (r value=0.5, p value <0.001), NLR positively correlate to D-DIMER (r value=0.3, p value<0.05), RDW positively correlated to CRP (r value=, 0.3, p value <0.05), RDW negatively correlated to ferritin (r value=-0.439, p value <0.001)LHD negatively correlated ferritin (r value=-0.316, p value=<0.05), MAF negatively correlated to D-dimer (r value=-0.244 <0.05), MSCV positively correlated with CRP (r value=0.336, p value= <0.05).: The cytokine storm produced during covid-19 infection which inturn develop neutrophilia and lymphopenia, CRP production and also cause elevation of procoagulants &D-dimer. RDW and CRP are positively correlated they are elevated during inflammatory conditions.RDW and FERRITIN show negative correlation. Retrospective study have some limitation so future studies will reveal more information.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"369 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.051
Dere Kwadjo Anicet Luc, K. Gervais, Manhan Kahissie Noel, Fofana Seguenan, Tuo Wako-Tianwa Alice, T. G. Georges
: Diabetes keto-acidosis is the most serious hyperglycemic emergency in patients with diabetes. DKA has long been considered a key clinical feature of T1D. In this study, we assessed biochemical disorders focused on lipid and renal parameters in KPD.: We carried out a case-controls study for one year, encompassing 200 participants in total. Patients were outpatients newly diagnosed diabetics attending for the first time hospitals, controls were no-ketosis participants. Blood samples were taken, after 10 to 12 hours of fasting from the day before, in different tubes for each intended analyses according to instructor’s recommendation. The increased mean value of fasting blood glucose together with HbA1c are corrolated with ketonuria. As regard to cardio-metabolic risk, ketosis-prone patients were at greater risk than no-ketosis controls The mean AIP value was higher in KPD women than in men, with no significant statistical correlation. Uremia and creatininemia, two kidney parameters commonly prescribed to explore glomerular filtration, were correlated with some social indicators. The mean values of these both parameters increased significantly with age in KPD group. Creatinine increased significantly with age in patients, in line with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The older the participants, the higher the mean values of these parameters. : These biochemical parameters, high atherogenic index and lower glomerular filtration rate, documented in our study, must be sought out when inaugural ketosis is suspected for improving the clinical prognosis of patients in the initial step of management.
{"title":"Biochemical profile of patients in ketosis-prone diabetes state in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Dere Kwadjo Anicet Luc, K. Gervais, Manhan Kahissie Noel, Fofana Seguenan, Tuo Wako-Tianwa Alice, T. G. Georges","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.051","url":null,"abstract":": Diabetes keto-acidosis is the most serious hyperglycemic emergency in patients with diabetes. DKA has long been considered a key clinical feature of T1D. In this study, we assessed biochemical disorders focused on lipid and renal parameters in KPD.: We carried out a case-controls study for one year, encompassing 200 participants in total. Patients were outpatients newly diagnosed diabetics attending for the first time hospitals, controls were no-ketosis participants. Blood samples were taken, after 10 to 12 hours of fasting from the day before, in different tubes for each intended analyses according to instructor’s recommendation. The increased mean value of fasting blood glucose together with HbA1c are corrolated with ketonuria. As regard to cardio-metabolic risk, ketosis-prone patients were at greater risk than no-ketosis controls The mean AIP value was higher in KPD women than in men, with no significant statistical correlation. Uremia and creatininemia, two kidney parameters commonly prescribed to explore glomerular filtration, were correlated with some social indicators. The mean values of these both parameters increased significantly with age in KPD group. Creatinine increased significantly with age in patients, in line with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The older the participants, the higher the mean values of these parameters. : These biochemical parameters, high atherogenic index and lower glomerular filtration rate, documented in our study, must be sought out when inaugural ketosis is suspected for improving the clinical prognosis of patients in the initial step of management.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"352 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.055
Mohammed Abdullah Al Shuhoumi, Amani Al Waili, Mark D Turner
Death and dysfunctionality of pancreatic islet beta-cells are a centric key element in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Saturated fatty acids are commonly circulated in diabetic and obese individuals. Elevated and chronic exposure to fatty acids has a pernicious influence on islet cells’ functionality and survival due to its capability to induce apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, T2DM is a heterogeneous disorder that includes genetic and environmental factors in conjunction with dyslipidaemia with a considerably high rate of morbidity and mortality. There are many genes involved in the pathogenesis that remain to be charted. Here, we show a comprehensive interrogation of GATA6 based on previously published gene expression data on the basis of stating its validity via bioinformatics analysis and reaching a new understanding. Various datasets with different patient cohorts were compared and contrasted. Gene ontology and predictive pathway analysis (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway; KEGG) were used to explore interactions of numerous differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interactions network through the STRING database has appreciated a list of key genes. GATA6 interacted with genes from pathways that were significantly enriched (FDR<0.05) in the analysis of the KEGG pathway suggesting its close involvement, for example, 'maturity-onset diabetes of the young pathway’ and ‘pathways in cancer’. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that GATA6 plays an intrinsic role in islet beta cell differentiation and survival, and bioinformatics analysis allows the introduction of potentially reliable biomarkers that interact with GATA6, which required further validation studies.
{"title":"Life and maladies in the grey area between the up & down regulation of GATA6: Uncharted spots of beta-pancreatic islet cells","authors":"Mohammed Abdullah Al Shuhoumi, Amani Al Waili, Mark D Turner","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.055","url":null,"abstract":"Death and dysfunctionality of pancreatic islet beta-cells are a centric key element in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Saturated fatty acids are commonly circulated in diabetic and obese individuals. Elevated and chronic exposure to fatty acids has a pernicious influence on islet cells’ functionality and survival due to its capability to induce apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, T2DM is a heterogeneous disorder that includes genetic and environmental factors in conjunction with dyslipidaemia with a considerably high rate of morbidity and mortality. There are many genes involved in the pathogenesis that remain to be charted. Here, we show a comprehensive interrogation of GATA6 based on previously published gene expression data on the basis of stating its validity via bioinformatics analysis and reaching a new understanding. Various datasets with different patient cohorts were compared and contrasted. Gene ontology and predictive pathway analysis (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway; KEGG) were used to explore interactions of numerous differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interactions network through the STRING database has appreciated a list of key genes. GATA6 interacted with genes from pathways that were significantly enriched (FDR<0.05) in the analysis of the KEGG pathway suggesting its close involvement, for example, 'maturity-onset diabetes of the young pathway’ and ‘pathways in cancer’. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that GATA6 plays an intrinsic role in islet beta cell differentiation and survival, and bioinformatics analysis allows the introduction of potentially reliable biomarkers that interact with GATA6, which required further validation studies.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.056
Hülya Çiçek, Abdalrhman Kuba, M. Uğur, Elif Bacak Güllü, N. Tepe
Preeclampsia is a disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema that occurs after the 20th gestational week. It is among the most important reasons for maternal/perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although many studies have been carried out, the pathophysiology of the disease is not fully known. Many methods have been proposed for evaluating risk factors leading to preeclampsia. In the past, the methods used to predict preeclampsia have usually been focused on non-biochemical markers, but nowadays there is a shift towards biochemical markers. Recently, many biochemical agents have been started to be used in the prediction of preeclampsia. In this study, the evaluation of some serum biomarkers in the follow-up preeclampsia was aimed. Serum nesfatin, ezrin, placental protein 13, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α subunit (HIF1A), and neuropilin 1 levels were examined with the ELISA method. In the study, 90 samples taken from subjects, including pre-treatment preeclampsia (n =35), post-treatment preeclampsia (n = 35), and healthy control (n = 20) groups were evaluated. The data obtained from the study was analyzed with SPSS 22.0. As a result of the statistical analysis, pre-treatment nesfatin-1, and ezrin levels were found significantly lower than post-treatment and the healthy control group and HIF-1A levels were found significantly higher. As a result of these analyses, pre-treatment and post-treatment PP13 levels were found to be significantly higher than the healthy control group.Considering the results obtained from the study, we can say that nestin, ezrin, HIF1A, PP13, and NRP1 are important biomarkers for predicting preeclampsia.
{"title":"Assessment of serum markers in preeclampsia: A prospective study","authors":"Hülya Çiçek, Abdalrhman Kuba, M. Uğur, Elif Bacak Güllü, N. Tepe","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.056","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia is a disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema that occurs after the 20th gestational week. It is among the most important reasons for maternal/perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although many studies have been carried out, the pathophysiology of the disease is not fully known. Many methods have been proposed for evaluating risk factors leading to preeclampsia. In the past, the methods used to predict preeclampsia have usually been focused on non-biochemical markers, but nowadays there is a shift towards biochemical markers. Recently, many biochemical agents have been started to be used in the prediction of preeclampsia. In this study, the evaluation of some serum biomarkers in the follow-up preeclampsia was aimed. Serum nesfatin, ezrin, placental protein 13, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α subunit (HIF1A), and neuropilin 1 levels were examined with the ELISA method. In the study, 90 samples taken from subjects, including pre-treatment preeclampsia (n =35), post-treatment preeclampsia (n = 35), and healthy control (n = 20) groups were evaluated. The data obtained from the study was analyzed with SPSS 22.0. As a result of the statistical analysis, pre-treatment nesfatin-1, and ezrin levels were found significantly lower than post-treatment and the healthy control group and HIF-1A levels were found significantly higher. As a result of these analyses, pre-treatment and post-treatment PP13 levels were found to be significantly higher than the healthy control group.Considering the results obtained from the study, we can say that nestin, ezrin, HIF1A, PP13, and NRP1 are important biomarkers for predicting preeclampsia.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 was one of the most contagious diseases spread throughout the world and caused by the Corona virus. Its cellular and molecular profiling was performed on individuals suffering from Covid-19-like sickness in Dehradun. During this investigation, 100 random samples were taken from patients. Real Time PCR amplification of suspected cases of Covid-19 was done where 68% of the cases were positive. The proportions and patterns of positive cases and hospital admissions for covid-19 in the third wave in Dehradun were significantly different when compared to the first and second waves. This disparity was caused by a number of factors, including changes in lifestyle, natural immunological ability to cope with recent waves of natural infections, and the most important factor, which was that more than 83% of people over the age of 18 years had received the first or both doses of the vaccine. The Covid-19 vaccines were so effective due to which there was a very low rate of serious infection, hospitalization, and mortality.
{"title":"The Vax effect: Role of global vaccination initiatives in pandemic control and impact in Dehradun during COVID-19","authors":"Ankita Singh, Nivedita Chetan Gurada, Nidhi Mahendru, Abhijeet Kashyap, Sourabh Bhanu, Narotam Sharma, Ritu Kaushik","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.057","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 was one of the most contagious diseases spread throughout the world and caused by the Corona virus. Its cellular and molecular profiling was performed on individuals suffering from Covid-19-like sickness in Dehradun. During this investigation, 100 random samples were taken from patients. Real Time PCR amplification of suspected cases of Covid-19 was done where 68% of the cases were positive. The proportions and patterns of positive cases and hospital admissions for covid-19 in the third wave in Dehradun were significantly different when compared to the first and second waves. This disparity was caused by a number of factors, including changes in lifestyle, natural immunological ability to cope with recent waves of natural infections, and the most important factor, which was that more than 83% of people over the age of 18 years had received the first or both doses of the vaccine. The Covid-19 vaccines were so effective due to which there was a very low rate of serious infection, hospitalization, and mortality.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139833804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inborn errors of metabolism are rare inherited disorders which leads to significant morbidity and mortality in patients. Very few studies have been conducted in India to assess prevalence of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) in newborns. We proposed testing by TMS/TR-FIA followed by NGS. This pilot study would be one of the first expanded NBS studies in India.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IEM in newborns based on the samples received at Metropolis Global Reference Lab, India. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was done as a confirmational analysis for patients tested presumptive positive on Newborn screening using Tandem Mass spectrometry (TMS) and Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA). Two years retrospective study was conducted based on incidences of IEM using TMS and TR-FIA. NGS testing was performed on presumptive positive newborns for cystic fibrosis (CF), galactosemia and urea cycle disorder/ organic academia (UCD /OA) who had undergone NBS by TMS and TR-FIA. Highestprevalence of 1.98% & 1.58% was detected for G6PD and TSH respectively by TR-FIA. Prevalence of AA disorders (3.20%), OA (1.60%) and UCD (1.43%) was observed to be the highest amongst the diseases detected by TMS. Presumptive positive case of Argininemia and Cystic Fibrosis were found to be concordant with NGS. Out of three presumptive positive cases, one presumptive positive case of CF and two of galactose were found discordant. Our prevalence study showed similarities to the prevalence reports published by other Asian countries. Expanded NBS program can be improved by including NGS as a first follow-up test after detection of abnormal metabolites in DBS. This approach will help in reducing the encumbrance of false-positive as well as false-negative cases. Our study will be influential in conducting more prospective studies and routine implementation of NGS-based analysis in NBS in India.
{"title":"Expanding the screening of newborns for detecting inborn errors in metabolism using next generation sequencing following mass spectrometry/immunoassay","authors":"A. Christy, Eatu Das, Jasmin Surana, Pradnya Padhye, Kedar Shirodkar, Rakhi Bajpai Dixit, Kirti Chadha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.059","url":null,"abstract":"Inborn errors of metabolism are rare inherited disorders which leads to significant morbidity and mortality in patients. Very few studies have been conducted in India to assess prevalence of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) in newborns. We proposed testing by TMS/TR-FIA followed by NGS. This pilot study would be one of the first expanded NBS studies in India.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IEM in newborns based on the samples received at Metropolis Global Reference Lab, India. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was done as a confirmational analysis for patients tested presumptive positive on Newborn screening using Tandem Mass spectrometry (TMS) and Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA). Two years retrospective study was conducted based on incidences of IEM using TMS and TR-FIA. NGS testing was performed on presumptive positive newborns for cystic fibrosis (CF), galactosemia and urea cycle disorder/ organic academia (UCD /OA) who had undergone NBS by TMS and TR-FIA. Highestprevalence of 1.98% & 1.58% was detected for G6PD and TSH respectively by TR-FIA. Prevalence of AA disorders (3.20%), OA (1.60%) and UCD (1.43%) was observed to be the highest amongst the diseases detected by TMS. Presumptive positive case of Argininemia and Cystic Fibrosis were found to be concordant with NGS. Out of three presumptive positive cases, one presumptive positive case of CF and two of galactose were found discordant. Our prevalence study showed similarities to the prevalence reports published by other Asian countries. Expanded NBS program can be improved by including NGS as a first follow-up test after detection of abnormal metabolites in DBS. This approach will help in reducing the encumbrance of false-positive as well as false-negative cases. Our study will be influential in conducting more prospective studies and routine implementation of NGS-based analysis in NBS in India.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"721 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139835273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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