Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214893
P. Gaonkar, V. Purohit
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are highly prevalent and variable in nature, and are accountable for considerable morbidity and mortality. Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are the third leading cause of death worldwide and the most common cause of antibiotic prescription among adults. It is common knowledge that inappropriate or overuse of antibiotics for RTIs is a crucial contributing factor with respect to the emergence of microbes that are resistant to the drug’s effects. Overuse of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance is a global issue that is becoming a serious concern. There is a growing need for novel approaches and adjuvant therapies for such infections, particularly in the setting of worsening antibacterial resistance. The strategy of supporting the immune system of the host in advance of infection exposure would decrease the number and severity of infections and thus decrease antibiotic use. Micronutrients have varied roles throughout every stage of the immune system and help in strengthening and maintaining immune function. Deficiencies of micronutrients are associated with varied health outcomes and can impact both innate and adaptive immunity profoundly, causing immunosuppression and thus leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Moreover, in view of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, the factors that help the proper functioning of the immune system have garnered much interest and hence the maintenance of an optimal status of certain micronutrients could be particularly beneficial.
{"title":"Potential role of adjuvant micronutrient therapy in the management of respiratory tract infections: a narrative review","authors":"P. Gaonkar, V. Purohit","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214893","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are highly prevalent and variable in nature, and are accountable for considerable morbidity and mortality. Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are the third leading cause of death worldwide and the most common cause of antibiotic prescription among adults. It is common knowledge that inappropriate or overuse of antibiotics for RTIs is a crucial contributing factor with respect to the emergence of microbes that are resistant to the drug’s effects. Overuse of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance is a global issue that is becoming a serious concern. There is a growing need for novel approaches and adjuvant therapies for such infections, particularly in the setting of worsening antibacterial resistance. The strategy of supporting the immune system of the host in advance of infection exposure would decrease the number and severity of infections and thus decrease antibiotic use. Micronutrients have varied roles throughout every stage of the immune system and help in strengthening and maintaining immune function. Deficiencies of micronutrients are associated with varied health outcomes and can impact both innate and adaptive immunity profoundly, causing immunosuppression and thus leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Moreover, in view of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, the factors that help the proper functioning of the immune system have garnered much interest and hence the maintenance of an optimal status of certain micronutrients could be particularly beneficial.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87314140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214883
S. Mitra, M. Khanam, M. I. Hossain, Rukhsana Quadir
Background: Typhoid fever is a severe debilitating and potentially life threating illness. In Bangladesh, typhoid fever is a round the year problem which sometimes take epidemic proportions. The reasons behind such occurrences are unsafe water supply, defective sewage system and unhygienic food handling practice. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever.Methods: An observational study was conducted at the department of pharmacology in Dhaka medical college, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from blood culture positive patients for Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, who admitted in the Dhaka medical college and hospital, Dhaka during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Data was collected by using a structured questioner, face to face interview, physical examination and investigation reports. Patients were hospitalized during the entire treatment period and at admission evaluation was made by history and physical examination in a structured format. Subjects ware asked regarding changes in symptoms and possible adverse effects of the study drugs. All patients were asked to return two weeks after completion of treatment for follow up. Blood culture of Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi were done in all cases. Total 91 patients were culture positive for either S. typhi or S. paratyphi which were finally studied.Results: During the study period out of 91 patients, 51 were receiving ceftriaxone and 40 were receiving azithromycin. Clinical cure was achieved in 46 patients (90%) of ceftriaxone group and in 31 patients (78%) in the azithromycin group. There were no significant differences of clinical cure between both treatment groups (p>0.05). Mean fever clearance time in ceftriaxone group was 3±1.4 days and was 4±1.6 days for azithromycin group. Difference in fever clearance time was statistically significant (p<0.05). No clinical relapses were detected in any study subject. No major side effects of both drugs occurred in any subject.Conclusions: These results indicated that both ceftriaxone and azithromycin were effective against enteric fever caused by sensitive organisms and multi drug resistant S. typhi and S. paratyphi. It is concluded that ceftriaxone is more effective and can be a convenient alternative for the treatment of enteric fever, especially in developing countries like us where medical resources are scarce.
{"title":"Study on the efficacy of ceftriaxone versus azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever among the patients admitted in a tertiary level hospital","authors":"S. Mitra, M. Khanam, M. I. Hossain, Rukhsana Quadir","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214883","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Typhoid fever is a severe debilitating and potentially life threating illness. In Bangladesh, typhoid fever is a round the year problem which sometimes take epidemic proportions. The reasons behind such occurrences are unsafe water supply, defective sewage system and unhygienic food handling practice. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever.Methods: An observational study was conducted at the department of pharmacology in Dhaka medical college, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from blood culture positive patients for Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, who admitted in the Dhaka medical college and hospital, Dhaka during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Data was collected by using a structured questioner, face to face interview, physical examination and investigation reports. Patients were hospitalized during the entire treatment period and at admission evaluation was made by history and physical examination in a structured format. Subjects ware asked regarding changes in symptoms and possible adverse effects of the study drugs. All patients were asked to return two weeks after completion of treatment for follow up. Blood culture of Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi were done in all cases. Total 91 patients were culture positive for either S. typhi or S. paratyphi which were finally studied.Results: During the study period out of 91 patients, 51 were receiving ceftriaxone and 40 were receiving azithromycin. Clinical cure was achieved in 46 patients (90%) of ceftriaxone group and in 31 patients (78%) in the azithromycin group. There were no significant differences of clinical cure between both treatment groups (p>0.05). Mean fever clearance time in ceftriaxone group was 3±1.4 days and was 4±1.6 days for azithromycin group. Difference in fever clearance time was statistically significant (p<0.05). No clinical relapses were detected in any study subject. No major side effects of both drugs occurred in any subject.Conclusions: These results indicated that both ceftriaxone and azithromycin were effective against enteric fever caused by sensitive organisms and multi drug resistant S. typhi and S. paratyphi. It is concluded that ceftriaxone is more effective and can be a convenient alternative for the treatment of enteric fever, especially in developing countries like us where medical resources are scarce.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91524365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214888
Kajal Gupta, M. Pardeshi, R. Hiray
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder requiring lifelong treatment. Due to rapid expansion of urbanization, unhealthy diet habits and sedentary lifestyle, the incidence of DM is increasing. The chronic nature of DM causes significant personal suffering and economic difficulty to families. The was aimed at investigating the cost difference in various brands of the same oral anti-diabetic drug.Methods: The minimum and the maximum cost in rupees (INR) of a particular anti-diabetic drug manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies were obtained from current index of medical specialties (CIMS) website, Indian drug review (IDR) 2021 issue and National pharmaceutical pricing authority-pharma sahi daam. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation were noted for each brand.Results: Amongst single drug therapy, metformin 500 mg sustained release showed highest price variation (3668%). Minimum cost variation was found with glipizide 2.5 mg (65%). Amongst the fixed dose combinations, highest cost variation was seen with glimepiride 2 mg+metformin 1000 mg (2703%) while minimum cost variation was found with repaglinide 1 mg+voglibose 0.3 mg (29%).Conclusions: A noticeable cost variation was found in different brands of the same anti-diabetic drug. Prescribing a more expensive brand when a cheaper one is available can burden the patient financially and thus reduce patient compliance. In addition, the Government should also include more anti-diabetic drugs under the price control policy to ensure that affordable and efficacious medicines are available to all.Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder requiring lifelong treatment. Due to rapid expansion of urbanization, unhealthy diet habits and sedentary life style, the incidence of DM is increasing .The chronic nature of DM causes significant personal suffering and economic difficulty to families. The present study aims at investigating the cost difference in various brands of the same oral anti-diabetic drug.Methods: The minimum and the maximum cost in rupees (INR) of a particular anti-diabetic drug manufactured by various brands were obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties (CIMS) website, Indian Drug Review (IDR) 2021 issue and National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority – Pharma sahi daam. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation were noted for each brand.Results: Amongst single drug therapy, Metformin 500mg Sustained Release showed highest price variation (3668%). Minimum cost variation was found with Glipizide 2.5mg (65%).Amongst the fixed dose combinations, highest cost variation was seen with Glimepiride 2mg + Metformin 1000mg (2703%) while minimum cost variation was found with Repaglinide 1mg + Voglibose 0.3mg (29%). Conclusions: A noticeable cost variation was found in different brands of the same anti-diabetic drug. Prescribing a more expensive brand when a cheaper one is available can burden the patient financially and thus reduc
{"title":"Cost variation analysis of commonly prescribed anti-diabetic drugs available in Indian market: a pharmaco-economic study","authors":"Kajal Gupta, M. Pardeshi, R. Hiray","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214888","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder requiring lifelong treatment. Due to rapid expansion of urbanization, unhealthy diet habits and sedentary lifestyle, the incidence of DM is increasing. The chronic nature of DM causes significant personal suffering and economic difficulty to families. The was aimed at investigating the cost difference in various brands of the same oral anti-diabetic drug.Methods: The minimum and the maximum cost in rupees (INR) of a particular anti-diabetic drug manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies were obtained from current index of medical specialties (CIMS) website, Indian drug review (IDR) 2021 issue and National pharmaceutical pricing authority-pharma sahi daam. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation were noted for each brand.Results: Amongst single drug therapy, metformin 500 mg sustained release showed highest price variation (3668%). Minimum cost variation was found with glipizide 2.5 mg (65%). Amongst the fixed dose combinations, highest cost variation was seen with glimepiride 2 mg+metformin 1000 mg (2703%) while minimum cost variation was found with repaglinide 1 mg+voglibose 0.3 mg (29%).Conclusions: A noticeable cost variation was found in different brands of the same anti-diabetic drug. Prescribing a more expensive brand when a cheaper one is available can burden the patient financially and thus reduce patient compliance. In addition, the Government should also include more anti-diabetic drugs under the price control policy to ensure that affordable and efficacious medicines are available to all.Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder requiring lifelong treatment. Due to rapid expansion of urbanization, unhealthy diet habits and sedentary life style, the incidence of DM is increasing .The chronic nature of DM causes significant personal suffering and economic difficulty to families. The present study aims at investigating the cost difference in various brands of the same oral anti-diabetic drug.Methods: The minimum and the maximum cost in rupees (INR) of a particular anti-diabetic drug manufactured by various brands were obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties (CIMS) website, Indian Drug Review (IDR) 2021 issue and National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority – Pharma sahi daam. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation were noted for each brand.Results: Amongst single drug therapy, Metformin 500mg Sustained Release showed highest price variation (3668%). Minimum cost variation was found with Glipizide 2.5mg (65%).Amongst the fixed dose combinations, highest cost variation was seen with Glimepiride 2mg + Metformin 1000mg (2703%) while minimum cost variation was found with Repaglinide 1mg + Voglibose 0.3mg (29%). Conclusions: A noticeable cost variation was found in different brands of the same anti-diabetic drug. Prescribing a more expensive brand when a cheaper one is available can burden the patient financially and thus reduc","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91545859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214831
V. Alluri, S. Thanawala, V. Upadhyay
Background: In this open-label, randomized, balanced, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, crossover, single-dose oral comparative pharmacokinetics study, the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of test product ‘ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)’ root extract sustained release capsule 300 mg (Prolanza™), each containing 15 mg withanolides (administered dose: 2×15 mg) was compared with that of a reference product (organic KSM-66 ashwagandha extract [vegan] capsule, each containing 15 mg withanolides [administered dose: 2×15 mg]).Methods: Total 14 healthy men were randomized to receive either the test or the reference product as a single dose of 2 capsules in sequence, administered under fasting conditions. Plasma concentrations of total withanolides, withanolide A and 12-deoxywithastramonolide were measured using validated liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy.Results: The test product had higher relative absorption, better relative bioavailability, and longer elimination half-life indicating a sustained-release profile compared to reference. Specifically, the relative bioavailability of the test formulation was 12, 44, and 11 times higher for total withanolides, withanolide A and 12-deoxywithastramonolide, respectively. No adverse events were reported during the study.Conclusions: The sustained-release profile of the test product, compared to reference product, will provide more long-lasting therapeutic effects from a single daily dose (Retrospectively applied on Clinical Trials Registry - India [CTRI]. Application reference number: REF/2020/03/032408). The study reports the unique sustained release formulation of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract. The pharmacokinetic study also reports for first time, the successful plasma estimation of withanolide A and 12-deoxywithastraamonolide, the major phytoactives of ashwagandha.
{"title":"A comparative pharmacokinetics study of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract sustained-release capsules: an open-label, randomized, two treatment, two-sequence, two period, single-dose crossover clinical study","authors":"V. Alluri, S. Thanawala, V. Upadhyay","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214831","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this open-label, randomized, balanced, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, crossover, single-dose oral comparative pharmacokinetics study, the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of test product ‘ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)’ root extract sustained release capsule 300 mg (Prolanza™), each containing 15 mg withanolides (administered dose: 2×15 mg) was compared with that of a reference product (organic KSM-66 ashwagandha extract [vegan] capsule, each containing 15 mg withanolides [administered dose: 2×15 mg]).Methods: Total 14 healthy men were randomized to receive either the test or the reference product as a single dose of 2 capsules in sequence, administered under fasting conditions. Plasma concentrations of total withanolides, withanolide A and 12-deoxywithastramonolide were measured using validated liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy.Results: The test product had higher relative absorption, better relative bioavailability, and longer elimination half-life indicating a sustained-release profile compared to reference. Specifically, the relative bioavailability of the test formulation was 12, 44, and 11 times higher for total withanolides, withanolide A and 12-deoxywithastramonolide, respectively. No adverse events were reported during the study.Conclusions: The sustained-release profile of the test product, compared to reference product, will provide more long-lasting therapeutic effects from a single daily dose (Retrospectively applied on Clinical Trials Registry - India [CTRI]. Application reference number: REF/2020/03/032408). The study reports the unique sustained release formulation of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract. The pharmacokinetic study also reports for first time, the successful plasma estimation of withanolide A and 12-deoxywithastraamonolide, the major phytoactives of ashwagandha.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77748401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214846
R. Jahan, Sangeeta J. Singh
Background: The Ficus dalhousiae plant (Anjeer family) is. Its important parts-leaves, stem, bark and root are. The current study is design to effect of Ficus dalhousiae bark extract on gentamicin (GM) induced with combination of benzoic acid (BA) nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods: In acute toxicity studies animals are fasted before being dosed; kept overnight. Depending on the time interval. The beginning dose will be chosen from one of four predetermined levels: 5, 50, 300, or 2000 mg/kg of body weight. The animals are evaluated for 4 and 48 hours. In nephroprotective studies we are taken 30 rats which will be divided into 5 groups. proceed group by group like-control with normal saline, BA (100 mg/kg/body weight, IP) daily, hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus dalhousiae (200 mg/kg/body weight, PO) and simultaneously administered GM (100 mg/kg/body weight, IP) daily for 9 days. And we are doing difference types of estimations, like-blood urea, uric acid and serum creatinine.Results: Ficus dalhousiae bark extract on BA action on serum creatinine and urea levels in rats given GM. When compared to control rats, eight days of GM treatment resulted in significantly higher serum creatinine and urea levels. However, BA pretreatments have significantly improved serum creatine and urea (p<0.001) to reduce GM-induced nephrotoxicity (p<0.01, resp.).Conclusions: Ficus dalhousiae has significant nephroprotective activity in nephroprotective studies, acute toxicity activity and various such type of estimations like- blood urea, uric acid and creatinine.
{"title":"Effect of nephroprotective Ficus dalhousiae bark extract on gentamicin induced with combination of benzoic acid nephrotoxicity in rats","authors":"R. Jahan, Sangeeta J. Singh","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214846","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Ficus dalhousiae plant (Anjeer family) is. Its important parts-leaves, stem, bark and root are. The current study is design to effect of Ficus dalhousiae bark extract on gentamicin (GM) induced with combination of benzoic acid (BA) nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods: In acute toxicity studies animals are fasted before being dosed; kept overnight. Depending on the time interval. The beginning dose will be chosen from one of four predetermined levels: 5, 50, 300, or 2000 mg/kg of body weight. The animals are evaluated for 4 and 48 hours. In nephroprotective studies we are taken 30 rats which will be divided into 5 groups. proceed group by group like-control with normal saline, BA (100 mg/kg/body weight, IP) daily, hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus dalhousiae (200 mg/kg/body weight, PO) and simultaneously administered GM (100 mg/kg/body weight, IP) daily for 9 days. And we are doing difference types of estimations, like-blood urea, uric acid and serum creatinine.Results: Ficus dalhousiae bark extract on BA action on serum creatinine and urea levels in rats given GM. When compared to control rats, eight days of GM treatment resulted in significantly higher serum creatinine and urea levels. However, BA pretreatments have significantly improved serum creatine and urea (p<0.001) to reduce GM-induced nephrotoxicity (p<0.01, resp.).Conclusions: Ficus dalhousiae has significant nephroprotective activity in nephroprotective studies, acute toxicity activity and various such type of estimations like- blood urea, uric acid and creatinine.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85975373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214512
Suruthi Lakshmi Narayanan, Afsal Ahammed, A. Krishnamurthy
The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) typically occurs after the initiation of antibiotic treatment in syphilis. Although JHR was identified and looked at over many years, the prevention and management of JHR remain unclear. Previous reports have described the occurrence of JHR due to antibiotic treatment in syphilis, we presented a case of a young man with recurrence of JHR in syphilis, first due to penicillin which later was worsened due to co-trimoxazole.
{"title":"A case report on penicillin/co-trimoxazole induced Jarisch Herxheimer reaction in secondary syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus","authors":"Suruthi Lakshmi Narayanan, Afsal Ahammed, A. Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214512","url":null,"abstract":"The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) typically occurs after the initiation of antibiotic treatment in syphilis. Although JHR was identified and looked at over many years, the prevention and management of JHR remain unclear. Previous reports have described the occurrence of JHR due to antibiotic treatment in syphilis, we presented a case of a young man with recurrence of JHR in syphilis, first due to penicillin which later was worsened due to co-trimoxazole.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76128019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214506
D. Lad, Ashish Jagati, P. Agarwal, S. Malhotra
Background: Autoimmune skin disorders (ASDs) are complex diseases triggered by autoantibodies action against epidermal antigens or the dermo epidermal junction. Although rare, they present high morbidity, affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients and financial status of patient.Methods: This prospective, observational study was carried out in department of dermatology for 2-3 months after ethical approval. Drug usage pattern, heath related QoL (HRQOL) by using DLQI (Dermatology life quality index) and cost were evaluated in patients with ASDs. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft excel office 2019 and rechecked with SPSS (version 23.0). P<0.001 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Out of 73 patients enrolled, 32 were male and 41 were female with the mean age was 48.27±14.93 years; 55% patients had autoimmune blistering skin disorders (AIBDs) and 45% having other ASDs (OADs). Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) (35%) being the most common among all ASDs. Systemic steroid (60.27%), topical steroid (79.45%), levocetirizine (63%) were most commonly prescribed drugs. Mean DLQI score at baseline and after treatment was 11.64±2.49 and 6.8±2.75 respectively. It was highly significant statistically (p<0.0001). Total cost of illness per month was 813.64±481.21 INR. Maximum percentage variation in cost was seen with prednisolone (1706.28%).Conclusions: ASDs have a female bias and inflict severe impairment to the QoL of patients. Appropriate drug therapy with corticosteroids and other adjuvant drug lead to positive impact on QoL. There was very wide price variation of different brands of the same generic most commonly prednisolone and levocetirizine.
{"title":"Evaluation of drug use heath related quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in autoimmune skin disorders: focus on blistering skin disorders-a prospective observational study","authors":"D. Lad, Ashish Jagati, P. Agarwal, S. Malhotra","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214506","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autoimmune skin disorders (ASDs) are complex diseases triggered by autoantibodies action against epidermal antigens or the dermo epidermal junction. Although rare, they present high morbidity, affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients and financial status of patient.Methods: This prospective, observational study was carried out in department of dermatology for 2-3 months after ethical approval. Drug usage pattern, heath related QoL (HRQOL) by using DLQI (Dermatology life quality index) and cost were evaluated in patients with ASDs. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft excel office 2019 and rechecked with SPSS (version 23.0). P<0.001 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Out of 73 patients enrolled, 32 were male and 41 were female with the mean age was 48.27±14.93 years; 55% patients had autoimmune blistering skin disorders (AIBDs) and 45% having other ASDs (OADs). Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) (35%) being the most common among all ASDs. Systemic steroid (60.27%), topical steroid (79.45%), levocetirizine (63%) were most commonly prescribed drugs. Mean DLQI score at baseline and after treatment was 11.64±2.49 and 6.8±2.75 respectively. It was highly significant statistically (p<0.0001). Total cost of illness per month was 813.64±481.21 INR. Maximum percentage variation in cost was seen with prednisolone (1706.28%).Conclusions: ASDs have a female bias and inflict severe impairment to the QoL of patients. Appropriate drug therapy with corticosteroids and other adjuvant drug lead to positive impact on QoL. There was very wide price variation of different brands of the same generic most commonly prednisolone and levocetirizine.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75730214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214498
Spoorthy H. V., L. Padma, S. P
Background: In tropical countries like India, superficial fungal infections are quite common and certain infections like tinea is rampantly spreading in epidemic proportions and frequent relapses after treatment have increased the need for long term therapy significantly increasing the cost of treatment, so the treatment of fungal infection can raise economic burden on the patient. The aim of the study was to analyze the cost variation of topical antifungal drugs and oral antifungal drugs of various brands for superficial fungal infection available in India.Methods: Cost in Indian Rupees (INR) of antifungal agents manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in India was collected from the Current index of medical specialities (CIMS) October to December 2019. Minimum cost, maximum cost, cost ratio, cost variation was calculated.Results: In oral dosage form, fluconazole, Itraconazole show the maximum cost variation. In topical single drug therapy luliconazole, terbinafine show maximum cost variation.Conclusions: There is wide cost variation among antifungal agents available in Indian Market. There is need of strict actions for cost policy regulation and sensitization of doctor for selection of appropriate brand drugs.
{"title":"Analysis of cost of various topical and oral antifungal drugs for superficial fungal infections available in India","authors":"Spoorthy H. V., L. Padma, S. P","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214498","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In tropical countries like India, superficial fungal infections are quite common and certain infections like tinea is rampantly spreading in epidemic proportions and frequent relapses after treatment have increased the need for long term therapy significantly increasing the cost of treatment, so the treatment of fungal infection can raise economic burden on the patient. The aim of the study was to analyze the cost variation of topical antifungal drugs and oral antifungal drugs of various brands for superficial fungal infection available in India.Methods: Cost in Indian Rupees (INR) of antifungal agents manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in India was collected from the Current index of medical specialities (CIMS) October to December 2019. Minimum cost, maximum cost, cost ratio, cost variation was calculated.Results: In oral dosage form, fluconazole, Itraconazole show the maximum cost variation. In topical single drug therapy luliconazole, terbinafine show maximum cost variation.Conclusions: There is wide cost variation among antifungal agents available in Indian Market. There is need of strict actions for cost policy regulation and sensitization of doctor for selection of appropriate brand drugs. ","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80865907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214501
R Patil Vijay, Namita Gupta
Background: Podcasts have started knocking the educational doors after setting their feet strong in entertainment grounds. There has always been a trend to welcome and introduce new ideas and innovative ways in medical education for the benefit of students. No doubts, they are an emerging tool for education. The study aims to know and evaluate critically the students’ perspective about the novel aural technology and its relevance to be included in the curriculum.Methods: A sample size of 110 undergraduate medical students enrolled in two private post graduate coaching centres in metropolitan regions of Delhi was taken to conduct the study. A semi structured pen and paper questionnaire was created and made to be filled by the participants.Results: Aware students actively participated in the survey and shared their preferences and opinions, but many lacked knowledge and interest in the newly introduced and conveyed audio technology. This was a direct result of their surroundings, friends and family circle. Generally, there was a welcome response towards podcasts being in trend and to be included as a supplementary teaching tool along with present ongoing modes of education.Conclusions: Students’ opinion taken over from time to time is of great value to introduce modern educational reforms. Podcasts are a very effective add-on tool if introduced in medical education. There still exists a wide room for research and evidence-based use of this technology and much work needs to be done to actually add a new brick in the current structure of medical education.
{"title":"Podcasts as emerging tool for medical education: a critical perspective","authors":"R Patil Vijay, Namita Gupta","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214501","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Podcasts have started knocking the educational doors after setting their feet strong in entertainment grounds. There has always been a trend to welcome and introduce new ideas and innovative ways in medical education for the benefit of students. No doubts, they are an emerging tool for education. The study aims to know and evaluate critically the students’ perspective about the novel aural technology and its relevance to be included in the curriculum.Methods: A sample size of 110 undergraduate medical students enrolled in two private post graduate coaching centres in metropolitan regions of Delhi was taken to conduct the study. A semi structured pen and paper questionnaire was created and made to be filled by the participants.Results: Aware students actively participated in the survey and shared their preferences and opinions, but many lacked knowledge and interest in the newly introduced and conveyed audio technology. This was a direct result of their surroundings, friends and family circle. Generally, there was a welcome response towards podcasts being in trend and to be included as a supplementary teaching tool along with present ongoing modes of education.Conclusions: Students’ opinion taken over from time to time is of great value to introduce modern educational reforms. Podcasts are a very effective add-on tool if introduced in medical education. There still exists a wide room for research and evidence-based use of this technology and much work needs to be done to actually add a new brick in the current structure of medical education.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88570228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214507
Revathi J., V. P, A. C, G. Mohanta, S. M.
Background: A drug therapy problem (DTP) is any undesirable event experienced by a patient that involves or is suspected to involve, drug therapy, and that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy. The improper use of drugs can lead to patient morbidity and even mortality. DTP s are the clinical territory of the pharmaceutical care practitioner and the resolution of identifying the DTPs help patients to achieve their goals of therapy. Identifying DTPs enables risk quantification and determination of the potential impact of prevention strategies. DTPs are associated with prolonged length of stay and increased economic burden and results in increased risk of death.Methods: A hospital based, prospective observational study was conducted at department of medicine in Rajah Muthiah medical college and hospital, 80 patients were enrolled in this study based on the inclusion-exclusion criteria. The DTPs were identified using the Cipolle’s method of classification of DTP.Results: The study has shown that 80 of the patients involved in the study had a total of 136 DTPs. An average of 1.7 DTPs were recorded per patient during the study. The most common DTP identified was unnecessary drug therapy accounting to 47%. The absence of valid medical indication was (30%) and (16%) were due to the duplication of therapy. The second most common DTP was unsafe drug for patients, accounting to 45% were due to patient non-compliance and drug interaction which was minor. Need for additional drug therapy was the third most identified accounting 13% were due to medical indication indicate the need of drug therapy.Conclusions: The foremost commonly observed DTP is unnecessary therapy and patient non-compliance to the drugs. The study suggests that DTPs are significantly occurring in hospital can cause the patient for comorbidity, prolonged hospitalization. The study suggests that clinical pharmacist and general practitioners can work together to spot and resolve the DTPs.
{"title":"A study on drug therapy issues in the department of medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital-prospective observational study","authors":"Revathi J., V. P, A. C, G. Mohanta, S. M.","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214507","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A drug therapy problem (DTP) is any undesirable event experienced by a patient that involves or is suspected to involve, drug therapy, and that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy. The improper use of drugs can lead to patient morbidity and even mortality. DTP s are the clinical territory of the pharmaceutical care practitioner and the resolution of identifying the DTPs help patients to achieve their goals of therapy. Identifying DTPs enables risk quantification and determination of the potential impact of prevention strategies. DTPs are associated with prolonged length of stay and increased economic burden and results in increased risk of death.Methods: A hospital based, prospective observational study was conducted at department of medicine in Rajah Muthiah medical college and hospital, 80 patients were enrolled in this study based on the inclusion-exclusion criteria. The DTPs were identified using the Cipolle’s method of classification of DTP.Results: The study has shown that 80 of the patients involved in the study had a total of 136 DTPs. An average of 1.7 DTPs were recorded per patient during the study. The most common DTP identified was unnecessary drug therapy accounting to 47%. The absence of valid medical indication was (30%) and (16%) were due to the duplication of therapy. The second most common DTP was unsafe drug for patients, accounting to 45% were due to patient non-compliance and drug interaction which was minor. Need for additional drug therapy was the third most identified accounting 13% were due to medical indication indicate the need of drug therapy.Conclusions: The foremost commonly observed DTP is unnecessary therapy and patient non-compliance to the drugs. The study suggests that DTPs are significantly occurring in hospital can cause the patient for comorbidity, prolonged hospitalization. The study suggests that clinical pharmacist and general practitioners can work together to spot and resolve the DTPs.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84993525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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