Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213367
Ruksana Farooq, Mehbooba Beigh, Rahat Abbas, Y. Amin
Background: Liver disorders comprise 3% of all pregnancy complications. All liver disorders, pregnancy specific, pregnancy related and pregnancy unrelated disorders have both maternal and fetal effects. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of liver disorders in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of liver disorders on pregnancy outcome.Methods: All pregnant patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of liver dysfunction were taken as cases. Pregnant women with normal liver function tests were taken as controls. All patients were followed during pregnancy and postpartum. Maternal and fetal outcome was studied.Results: A total of 140 patients were included- 70 cases and 70 controls. Maternal and fetal outcome was studied in both the groups. PPH and oligohydroamnios were most frequent among cases with p value of 0.034 and 0.035 respectively. Similarly, pre-term birth, RDS and perinatal asphyxia was more common in cases with a p value of 0.011, 0.001 and 0.005 respectively.Conclusions: Study concludes that liver disorders in pregnancy have adverse maternal and fetal complications.
{"title":"Maternal and fetal outcome in liver disorders in pregnancy","authors":"Ruksana Farooq, Mehbooba Beigh, Rahat Abbas, Y. Amin","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213367","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Liver disorders comprise 3% of all pregnancy complications. All liver disorders, pregnancy specific, pregnancy related and pregnancy unrelated disorders have both maternal and fetal effects. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of liver disorders in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of liver disorders on pregnancy outcome.Methods: All pregnant patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of liver dysfunction were taken as cases. Pregnant women with normal liver function tests were taken as controls. All patients were followed during pregnancy and postpartum. Maternal and fetal outcome was studied.Results: A total of 140 patients were included- 70 cases and 70 controls. Maternal and fetal outcome was studied in both the groups. PPH and oligohydroamnios were most frequent among cases with p value of 0.034 and 0.035 respectively. Similarly, pre-term birth, RDS and perinatal asphyxia was more common in cases with a p value of 0.011, 0.001 and 0.005 respectively.Conclusions: Study concludes that liver disorders in pregnancy have adverse maternal and fetal complications. ","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87807303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213366
Arvind Kumar, A. Bahl, Sunil Gupta, C. Singh, Sudhir Kumar Jain, S. Singh
Background: The prescription audit is a useful method to assess the doctors’ contribution to the rational use of drugs in a country. A prescription is considered complete when it covers all the parts of the prescription. The polypharmacy increased the risk of drug interaction, dispensing errors and confused the patients for dosage schedules. A prescription with the minimum number of drugs per prescription helps in rational pharmacotherapeutics. The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern and completeness of prescription at rural health and training center and to estimate antibiotic consumption at rural health and training center.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the current prescribing practice at RHTC. Data were collected in the two pharmacies of the rural hospital. A total of 612 prescriptions with the last refill were considered for the assessment.Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription 3.53. The percentage of prescriptions in which an antibiotic was prescribed was 20%. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 71.5% and 98.7% respectively. The most commonly prescribed form of antibiotics was extended-spectrum penicillin.Conclusions: All the prescriptions were complete covered parts of prescriptions. The dosing errors were present in maximum prescriptions. The WHO prescribing indicators were within the limits, an average number of drugs per prescription suggests a practice of polypharmacy. The peak of the use of antibiotics was observed in September followed by January and November. The least use of antibiotics was in December followed by June.
{"title":"Assessment of prescription completeness and antibiotic consumption at a rural health and training centre, Delhi","authors":"Arvind Kumar, A. Bahl, Sunil Gupta, C. Singh, Sudhir Kumar Jain, S. Singh","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213366","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prescription audit is a useful method to assess the doctors’ contribution to the rational use of drugs in a country. A prescription is considered complete when it covers all the parts of the prescription. The polypharmacy increased the risk of drug interaction, dispensing errors and confused the patients for dosage schedules. A prescription with the minimum number of drugs per prescription helps in rational pharmacotherapeutics. The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern and completeness of prescription at rural health and training center and to estimate antibiotic consumption at rural health and training center.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the current prescribing practice at RHTC. Data were collected in the two pharmacies of the rural hospital. A total of 612 prescriptions with the last refill were considered for the assessment.Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription 3.53. The percentage of prescriptions in which an antibiotic was prescribed was 20%. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 71.5% and 98.7% respectively. The most commonly prescribed form of antibiotics was extended-spectrum penicillin.Conclusions: All the prescriptions were complete covered parts of prescriptions. The dosing errors were present in maximum prescriptions. The WHO prescribing indicators were within the limits, an average number of drugs per prescription suggests a practice of polypharmacy. The peak of the use of antibiotics was observed in September followed by January and November. The least use of antibiotics was in December followed by June. ","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"492 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73602407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213372
M. Ural
Respiratory tract infections, which are common in sheep farming, involve interactions between the host's immune system, pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and environmental conditions. Respiratory diseases can affect sheep of any age and breed. However, acute bacterial and viral pneumonia is most common in those aged three to twelve months due to decreased maternal antibody titers. Although lower respiratory tract infections initially started as a condition caused by a single agent, many cases progress to a complex disease involving both bacterial and viral components, making the diagnosis of the disease complicated by the emergence of secondary infections. Although the inflammatory reaction that occurs in respiratory infections is part of the normal healing process, an extreme reaction can impair healing and severely damage the airways. It is optimal to limit the inflammatory reaction by removing the harmful agent, isolating the damaged tissue, and controlling this tissue. In cases of death due to acute pneumonia, antibiotic drugs are used to prevent further deaths and to treat the herd. It has been found that NSAIDs reduce the release of toxic peroxide which causes the proliferation of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen in inflammatory processes associated with the respiratory tract. It had been reported that clinical findings improve more rapidly when NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were used together with antibiotics in respiratory system infections. In this review, the importance of using NSAIDs in the respiratory tract infections of sheep has been mentioned.
{"title":"Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infections of lambs","authors":"M. Ural","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213372","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory tract infections, which are common in sheep farming, involve interactions between the host's immune system, pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and environmental conditions. Respiratory diseases can affect sheep of any age and breed. However, acute bacterial and viral pneumonia is most common in those aged three to twelve months due to decreased maternal antibody titers. Although lower respiratory tract infections initially started as a condition caused by a single agent, many cases progress to a complex disease involving both bacterial and viral components, making the diagnosis of the disease complicated by the emergence of secondary infections. Although the inflammatory reaction that occurs in respiratory infections is part of the normal healing process, an extreme reaction can impair healing and severely damage the airways. It is optimal to limit the inflammatory reaction by removing the harmful agent, isolating the damaged tissue, and controlling this tissue. In cases of death due to acute pneumonia, antibiotic drugs are used to prevent further deaths and to treat the herd. It has been found that NSAIDs reduce the release of toxic peroxide which causes the proliferation of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen in inflammatory processes associated with the respiratory tract. It had been reported that clinical findings improve more rapidly when NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were used together with antibiotics in respiratory system infections. In this review, the importance of using NSAIDs in the respiratory tract infections of sheep has been mentioned.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75184393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213186
Elora Sharmin, Sharmin Begum, S. Afreen, D. Islam, Sheik Foyez Ahmed
Background: To date there is no effective treatment against COVID-19. Self-medication played one of the major modes of treatment among general population as well as the health workers during this pandemic. Studying the pattern of self-medication among the health care workers (HCWs) may indicate their knowledge and skills towards rational use of medicines. The aim of the study was to assess the pattern self-medication among the COVID-19 affected HCWs.Methods: This cross-sectional survey assessed the pattern of drug used by self-medication among the health workers who were RT-PCR positive in context to Bangladesh.Results: A total of 267 HCWs data were collected. Most of the HCWs were in middle age group between 31-40 years with the mean age of 32.2±5.2. Doctors (83.9%) enrolled five times more than the nurses (16.1%). Most of the HCWs (60.3%) commenced medications just after appearance of symptoms and 27.0% went for the RT-PCR testing. Only 3.7% went to health care facilities for treatment. More than sixty percent of the respondents took medication by themselves just after start the symptoms, 19 (33.7%) took advised from the specialists and attended at health facilities 2.6%. Most of the patients (42.7%) used azithromycin as antimicrobial agent. Paracetamol was the most used drug among the participants (78.65%) followed by antihistamines (67.79%). Average number of drugs used by patients 3.1% and percentage of antibiotics per patients 42.6%.Conclusions: The prescribing practice of antibiotics shows deviation from the standard recommendation. Awareness regarding essentials drug list should be needed.
{"title":"Drug used pattern by self-medication among the RT-PCR positive health workers in Dhaka city","authors":"Elora Sharmin, Sharmin Begum, S. Afreen, D. Islam, Sheik Foyez Ahmed","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213186","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To date there is no effective treatment against COVID-19. Self-medication played one of the major modes of treatment among general population as well as the health workers during this pandemic. Studying the pattern of self-medication among the health care workers (HCWs) may indicate their knowledge and skills towards rational use of medicines. The aim of the study was to assess the pattern self-medication among the COVID-19 affected HCWs.Methods: This cross-sectional survey assessed the pattern of drug used by self-medication among the health workers who were RT-PCR positive in context to Bangladesh.Results: A total of 267 HCWs data were collected. Most of the HCWs were in middle age group between 31-40 years with the mean age of 32.2±5.2. Doctors (83.9%) enrolled five times more than the nurses (16.1%). Most of the HCWs (60.3%) commenced medications just after appearance of symptoms and 27.0% went for the RT-PCR testing. Only 3.7% went to health care facilities for treatment. More than sixty percent of the respondents took medication by themselves just after start the symptoms, 19 (33.7%) took advised from the specialists and attended at health facilities 2.6%. Most of the patients (42.7%) used azithromycin as antimicrobial agent. Paracetamol was the most used drug among the participants (78.65%) followed by antihistamines (67.79%). Average number of drugs used by patients 3.1% and percentage of antibiotics per patients 42.6%.Conclusions: The prescribing practice of antibiotics shows deviation from the standard recommendation. Awareness regarding essentials drug list should be needed. ","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86250628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213365
Sonu Kumar, A. Chandra, A. Chandra, Uma Shankar Prasad Kesari
Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the percentage cost variations among different brands of the commonly prescribed anti–glaucoma drugs.Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug in INR was noted by using CIMS January to April 2018 edition Drug Today April to June 2018 Vol-1. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands was calculated. The cost of each eye drop was calculated. At last the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared.Results: Percentage variation in cost for anti-glaucoma eye preparations marketed in india was found to be eye drop timolol maleate (0.5%) of 5 ml:263.63, eye drop dorzolamide (2%) of 5 ml:9.77, eye drop pilocarpine (2%) of 5 ml:160.40, eye drop Betaxolol (0.5%) of 5 ml:56.54, eye drop Latanoprost (50 mcg/ml) of 2.5ml:135.88, eye drop Brimonidine tartarate (0.15%) of 5 ml:183.9, eye drop Levobunolol (5 mg/ml) of 5 ml:32.38.Conclusions: Glaucoma is the most common ocular disease and eye drops are to be prescribed for prolonged period. If a costly brand is prescribed, the patients have to pay more money unnecessarily for their treatment. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations in cost to reduce the cost of drug therapy.
{"title":"Analysis of the variations in price of anti-glaucoma eye preparations available in Indian pharmaceutical market","authors":"Sonu Kumar, A. Chandra, A. Chandra, Uma Shankar Prasad Kesari","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213365","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the percentage cost variations among different brands of the commonly prescribed anti–glaucoma drugs.Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug in INR was noted by using CIMS January to April 2018 edition Drug Today April to June 2018 Vol-1. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands was calculated. The cost of each eye drop was calculated. At last the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared.Results: Percentage variation in cost for anti-glaucoma eye preparations marketed in india was found to be eye drop timolol maleate (0.5%) of 5 ml:263.63, eye drop dorzolamide (2%) of 5 ml:9.77, eye drop pilocarpine (2%) of 5 ml:160.40, eye drop Betaxolol (0.5%) of 5 ml:56.54, eye drop Latanoprost (50 mcg/ml) of 2.5ml:135.88, eye drop Brimonidine tartarate (0.15%) of 5 ml:183.9, eye drop Levobunolol (5 mg/ml) of 5 ml:32.38.Conclusions: Glaucoma is the most common ocular disease and eye drops are to be prescribed for prolonged period. If a costly brand is prescribed, the patients have to pay more money unnecessarily for their treatment. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations in cost to reduce the cost of drug therapy.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75650929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important group of diseases causing premature mortality and morbidity. Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Various research studies support role of vitamin D against dyslipidemia. Vitamin D concentration positively correlates with HDL cholesterol and negatively with serum LDL and triglyceride levels. Vitamin D supplementation to Atorvastatin appeared to have increased cholesterol lowering activity more than either substance did alone.Methods: The study was conducted in an outpatient department of general medicine for a duration of 12 weeks in a tertiary care hospital. Total of 100 patients with dyslipidemia were selected based on measurement of lipid profile. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients under group A were treated with atorvastatin 10mg and balance 50 patients under group B treated with atorvastatin and Vitamin D3 1000 IU/day orally. Patients were followed up monthly for 3 months and lipid profile was assessed at baseline and at the end of study. The baseline characteristics were similar in both study groups.Results: On comparing groups at the end of 12 weeks mean LDL, triglycerides and VLDL were significantly reduced in group B than group A with p<0.001. The mean HDL level too increased in group B than group A with p<0.001.Conclusions: Fasting plasma lipid profile improvement was higher in the atorvastatin with vitamin D3 group compared to atorvastatin group.
{"title":"Prospective, randomized, open label comparative study of efficacy of atorvastatin versus atorvastatin with vitamin D3 in patients with dyslipidemia attending tertiary care hospital","authors":"Motakatla Usha Rani, Chitra Karuppiah, Novaladi Kiruthiga, Vivek Rayavarapu","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important group of diseases causing premature mortality and morbidity. Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Various research studies support role of vitamin D against dyslipidemia. Vitamin D concentration positively correlates with HDL cholesterol and negatively with serum LDL and triglyceride levels. Vitamin D supplementation to Atorvastatin appeared to have increased cholesterol lowering activity more than either substance did alone.Methods: The study was conducted in an outpatient department of general medicine for a duration of 12 weeks in a tertiary care hospital. Total of 100 patients with dyslipidemia were selected based on measurement of lipid profile. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients under group A were treated with atorvastatin 10mg and balance 50 patients under group B treated with atorvastatin and Vitamin D3 1000 IU/day orally. Patients were followed up monthly for 3 months and lipid profile was assessed at baseline and at the end of study. The baseline characteristics were similar in both study groups.Results: On comparing groups at the end of 12 weeks mean LDL, triglycerides and VLDL were significantly reduced in group B than group A with p<0.001. The mean HDL level too increased in group B than group A with p<0.001.Conclusions: Fasting plasma lipid profile improvement was higher in the atorvastatin with vitamin D3 group compared to atorvastatin group.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79664451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212782
G. Senthil, P. Kumar, T. A. Raja, R. V. R. Reddy
Background: Dyslipidemia is the major contributor to an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, Atherosclerosis presently comprises one of the essential contributors to a global epidemic of cardiovascular disease and turn out to be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Natural antioxidants have been shown to be effective in reducing lipid profiles and mitigate peroxidative modification of lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to explore the antiatherogenic effect of silybin through its antioxidant mechanism in Wister rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet.Methods: Male Wistar rats of 150-200 g were used for this study. Hypercholesterolemia in rats was induced by administration of high cholesterol diet. The Wister rats were divided into four groups, each with eight rats. After 60 days blood samples were drawn by retro-orbital puncture for biochemical analysis. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and liver and aorta were dissected out and processed for histopathological study and biochemical analyses.Results: In the histopathological study high cholesterol fed Wister rats showed fatty degeneration of hepatocytes with leucocytic infiltration of sinusoids. The level of TBARS was significantly increased in high cholesterol diet fed rats (p<0.05). Silybin at both doses [300 mg/kg (1593.00±81.08) and 600 mg/kg (1596.00±28.81)] reduced the plasma TBARS significantly (p<0.05). The antioxidant enzyme levels were also reduced significantly in high cholesterol diet fed rats (p<0.05).Conclusions: The study suggests a conclusive evidence of silybin has antiatherogenic action. Its safety profile, availability and low cost are an added advantage to the presently available pharmacological therapy. Hence, silybin can be considered in conjunction with other available dyslipidemic medication in the market.
{"title":"Antiatherogenic activity of silybin in Wistar rats: an experimental study","authors":"G. Senthil, P. Kumar, T. A. Raja, R. V. R. Reddy","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212782","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dyslipidemia is the major contributor to an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, Atherosclerosis presently comprises one of the essential contributors to a global epidemic of cardiovascular disease and turn out to be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Natural antioxidants have been shown to be effective in reducing lipid profiles and mitigate peroxidative modification of lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to explore the antiatherogenic effect of silybin through its antioxidant mechanism in Wister rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet.Methods: Male Wistar rats of 150-200 g were used for this study. Hypercholesterolemia in rats was induced by administration of high cholesterol diet. The Wister rats were divided into four groups, each with eight rats. After 60 days blood samples were drawn by retro-orbital puncture for biochemical analysis. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and liver and aorta were dissected out and processed for histopathological study and biochemical analyses.Results: In the histopathological study high cholesterol fed Wister rats showed fatty degeneration of hepatocytes with leucocytic infiltration of sinusoids. The level of TBARS was significantly increased in high cholesterol diet fed rats (p<0.05). Silybin at both doses [300 mg/kg (1593.00±81.08) and 600 mg/kg (1596.00±28.81)] reduced the plasma TBARS significantly (p<0.05). The antioxidant enzyme levels were also reduced significantly in high cholesterol diet fed rats (p<0.05).Conclusions: The study suggests a conclusive evidence of silybin has antiatherogenic action. Its safety profile, availability and low cost are an added advantage to the presently available pharmacological therapy. Hence, silybin can be considered in conjunction with other available dyslipidemic medication in the market.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76607583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212811
R. Sahu, D. Jain, R. Mehani, Hemani, L. Hingorani, V. Thawani
Background: Oral ulcers are the most frequent lesions that cause discomfort for which the patients seek treatment for alleviating pain and facilitate early healing. Various treatment modalities from modern medicine and Ayurveda are used in the form of ointments and mouthwashes with varying efficacy. Anti-inflammatory medicines, enzymatic preparations, gamma globulins and immune suppressants have been used.Methods: Extracts of five chosen herbs, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Acacia catechu, Punica Granatum, Curcuma longa and Mentha piperita were used for preparing mucoadhesive gel for the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers of any etiology. Gel was prepared by cold method of Schmolka at M/s Pharmanza Herbals Pvt. Ltd., India. Five formulations were prepared with using different concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) extracts.Results: Formulations were analyzed for different physical and chemical properties. Preliminary trial was done with five formulations. The F5 formulation has the premier viscosity because of its higher polymer content; it is able to remain on mucous surface long enough to release its API effect. Since the uniformity, proper appearance, stability and acceptable viscosity and gel strength the F1 formulation was selected as the superior formulation which could prove ideal for treatment of oral aphthous ulcers.Conclusions: The results provide strong evidence that polyherbal gel containing extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Acacia catechu, Punica granatum, Curcuma longa and Mentha piperita on the basis of their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, antimicrobial and local anesthetic properties can be used as an effective and safe alternative for the management of aphthous ulcers.
背景:口腔溃疡是最常见的引起不适的病变，患者寻求治疗以减轻疼痛和促进早期愈合。现代医学和阿育吠陀的各种治疗方式以药膏和漱口水的形式使用，效果各异。消炎药、酶制剂、丙种球蛋白和免疫抑制剂已被使用。方法:选用甘草、儿茶、石榴、姜黄、薄荷五种草药提取物制备黏附凝胶，用于治疗各种病因的口腔溃疡。凝胶在印度Pharmanza Herbals ptt . Ltd.采用Schmolka冷法制备。采用不同浓度的活性药物成分(API)提取物制备了5种配方。结果:对制剂的理化性质进行了分析。对5种配方进行了初步试验。F5配方由于其较高的聚合物含量而具有最佳粘度;它能够在黏液表面停留足够长的时间以释放其API效应。F1配方均匀、美观、稳定性好，粘度和凝胶强度可接受，是治疗口腔阿弗顿溃疡的理想配方。结论:基于甘草、儿茶、石榴、姜黄和薄荷的镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化、伤口愈合、抗菌和局部麻醉等特性，本研究结果有力地证明了含甘草、儿茶、石榴、薄荷提取物的多药凝胶可作为一种有效、安全的治疗阿佛脱溃疡的替代药物。
{"title":"Novel poly herbal muco-adhesive formulation for treatment of oral aphthous ulcer","authors":"R. Sahu, D. Jain, R. Mehani, Hemani, L. Hingorani, V. Thawani","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212811","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral ulcers are the most frequent lesions that cause discomfort for which the patients seek treatment for alleviating pain and facilitate early healing. Various treatment modalities from modern medicine and Ayurveda are used in the form of ointments and mouthwashes with varying efficacy. Anti-inflammatory medicines, enzymatic preparations, gamma globulins and immune suppressants have been used.Methods: Extracts of five chosen herbs, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Acacia catechu, Punica Granatum, Curcuma longa and Mentha piperita were used for preparing mucoadhesive gel for the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers of any etiology. Gel was prepared by cold method of Schmolka at M/s Pharmanza Herbals Pvt. Ltd., India. Five formulations were prepared with using different concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) extracts.Results: Formulations were analyzed for different physical and chemical properties. Preliminary trial was done with five formulations. The F5 formulation has the premier viscosity because of its higher polymer content; it is able to remain on mucous surface long enough to release its API effect. Since the uniformity, proper appearance, stability and acceptable viscosity and gel strength the F1 formulation was selected as the superior formulation which could prove ideal for treatment of oral aphthous ulcers.Conclusions: The results provide strong evidence that polyherbal gel containing extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Acacia catechu, Punica granatum, Curcuma longa and Mentha piperita on the basis of their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, antimicrobial and local anesthetic properties can be used as an effective and safe alternative for the management of aphthous ulcers.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77966543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212917
Ajaz Husaain, Qursheed Sultana, M. Ansari
Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity across all age groups. In recent years, antibiotic resistance is constantly increasing. Thus, there is a need to monitor the bacteriological profile of pathogenic organisms. The present study aims to identify bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: A prospective, observational, single centered study was conducted at tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 year i.e. from March 2016 to March 2017. A total of 733 sputum samples were collected and analyzed in microbiology lab. The samples went subjected to microscopy testing, culture and antibiotic sensitivity using suitable bacteriological methods.Results: From 733 sputum samples, about 51.34% were males and 48.56% were females. Approximately 49.65% of total samples were growth positive. Klebsiella was found to be the predominant microorganism followed by Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and streptococcus. The gram-negative bacteria showed highest sensitivity for piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and ciprofloxacin. The gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible for vancomycin, teicoplanin and amikacin.Conclusions: LRTIs are contagious form of disease and can rapidly disseminate among community. The irrational use of antibiotics complicates the management due to the antibiotic resistance. Local trend of antibiotic susceptibility pattern should be known as it helps in increasing the appropriate use of the antibiotics, decreasing the mortality and morbidity and reduces the anti-microbial resistance.
{"title":"A prospective study of prevalence of anti-microbial susceptibility of bacterial isolates in lower respiratory tract infections","authors":"Ajaz Husaain, Qursheed Sultana, M. Ansari","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212917","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity across all age groups. In recent years, antibiotic resistance is constantly increasing. Thus, there is a need to monitor the bacteriological profile of pathogenic organisms. The present study aims to identify bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: A prospective, observational, single centered study was conducted at tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 year i.e. from March 2016 to March 2017. A total of 733 sputum samples were collected and analyzed in microbiology lab. The samples went subjected to microscopy testing, culture and antibiotic sensitivity using suitable bacteriological methods.Results: From 733 sputum samples, about 51.34% were males and 48.56% were females. Approximately 49.65% of total samples were growth positive. Klebsiella was found to be the predominant microorganism followed by Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and streptococcus. The gram-negative bacteria showed highest sensitivity for piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and ciprofloxacin. The gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible for vancomycin, teicoplanin and amikacin.Conclusions: LRTIs are contagious form of disease and can rapidly disseminate among community. The irrational use of antibiotics complicates the management due to the antibiotic resistance. Local trend of antibiotic susceptibility pattern should be known as it helps in increasing the appropriate use of the antibiotics, decreasing the mortality and morbidity and reduces the anti-microbial resistance.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80589263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212932
Nader M. Alrahili
There are several case reports on hematological side effects after using antipsychotics in the literature. This case report could be the first case report of pancytopenia where laboratory work showed thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, and neutropenia after using risperidone. It is about 14-year-old female presented with irritable mood and aggression started on Risperidone 0.75 mg every night. A few weeks later she developed frequent and recurrent urinary tract infections and heavy vaginal bleeding that lasted for 5 days and reoccurred twice in the same month. Patient was admitted to internal medicine ward to investigate the cause of bleeding. No signs of splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, or lymph node enlargement were observed. All immunological workup results were negative. Bone morrow showed normal cellularity with granulocytic hyperplasia, suggesting a peripheral cause that was most likely a drug-induced effect. A provisional diagnosis of drug-induced pancytopenia was established. These hematological side effects may make physician to be more careful while prescribing risperidone and to follow the guideline of regular lab work especially CBC.
{"title":"Risperidone induced pancytopenia: a case report","authors":"Nader M. Alrahili","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212932","url":null,"abstract":"There are several case reports on hematological side effects after using antipsychotics in the literature. This case report could be the first case report of pancytopenia where laboratory work showed thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, and neutropenia after using risperidone. It is about 14-year-old female presented with irritable mood and aggression started on Risperidone 0.75 mg every night. A few weeks later she developed frequent and recurrent urinary tract infections and heavy vaginal bleeding that lasted for 5 days and reoccurred twice in the same month. Patient was admitted to internal medicine ward to investigate the cause of bleeding. No signs of splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, or lymph node enlargement were observed. All immunological workup results were negative. Bone morrow showed normal cellularity with granulocytic hyperplasia, suggesting a peripheral cause that was most likely a drug-induced effect. A provisional diagnosis of drug-induced pancytopenia was established. These hematological side effects may make physician to be more careful while prescribing risperidone and to follow the guideline of regular lab work especially CBC.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88860789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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