Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213747
K. Rajendran, Rajendran Ramaswamy, K. Venkateshwarlu, R. Rajendran, K. S. Naik
Background: The liver is responsible for many critical functions within the body. If the liver becomes diseased or injured, loss of those critical functions can cause significant damage to the body. KaraLivTM is a novel herbal formulation which contains a blend of different herbal extract ingredients. The current study tested the safety and efficacy of KaraLivTM versus a placebo control in supporting liver function.Methods: The study is a randomized, double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled study. A total of 60 patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 each. One group was given KaraLivTM and the other group was given a placebo for a period of 56 days. Treatment results were assessed by evaluating the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in both groups.Results: The herbal supplement KaraLivTM significantly supported healthy liver function compared to the placebo following the 56 days of treatment. The treatment (KaraLivTM) group showed a statistically significant improvement in assessed liver enzyme levels compared to the placebo group.Conclusions: The all-natural herbal supplement KaraLivTM is a safe and effective product that can significantly help support healthy liver function.
{"title":"Assessment of safety and efficacy of a dietary supplement KaraLiv™ in supporting liver health: a double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial","authors":"K. Rajendran, Rajendran Ramaswamy, K. Venkateshwarlu, R. Rajendran, K. S. Naik","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213747","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The liver is responsible for many critical functions within the body. If the liver becomes diseased or injured, loss of those critical functions can cause significant damage to the body. KaraLivTM is a novel herbal formulation which contains a blend of different herbal extract ingredients. The current study tested the safety and efficacy of KaraLivTM versus a placebo control in supporting liver function.Methods: The study is a randomized, double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled study. A total of 60 patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 each. One group was given KaraLivTM and the other group was given a placebo for a period of 56 days. Treatment results were assessed by evaluating the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in both groups.Results: The herbal supplement KaraLivTM significantly supported healthy liver function compared to the placebo following the 56 days of treatment. The treatment (KaraLivTM) group showed a statistically significant improvement in assessed liver enzyme levels compared to the placebo group.Conclusions: The all-natural herbal supplement KaraLivTM is a safe and effective product that can significantly help support healthy liver function.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"2 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78287115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213749
Rima Kanjiya, Ravi Kotadia
Background: Present study was conducted on patients of osteoarthritis (OA) treated with the traditional drug diclofenac sodium and compares it with tramadol, with the primary objective for determining effectiveness and tolerability based on WOMAC scores.Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized clinical study of the effectiveness and tolerability of tramadol versus diclofenac in the treatment of knee OA, at Tertiary care institute of Gujarat in the department of orthopedics. Consecutive patients were allotted serially in two groups; tramadol group (n=75) One tablet orally twice daily for 8 weeks. Diclofenac group (n75) patients received 75 mg oral dose of diclofenac 2 times daily for a period of 8 weeks. Overall improvement was evaluated through various parameters.Results: About 33% decrease in the scoring of stiffness domain of the WOMAC OA index questionnaire in the tramadol group and a 21% decline in the diclofenac group was observed. There was a 65% decrease in the scoring of knee joint tenderness questionnaire in the tramadol group and a 44% reduction in the diclofenac group. Tramadol was found to be more effective in improving the WOMAC OA index. WOMAC score (overall) and knee joint tenderness scores were also improved by tramadol than diclofenac.Conclusions: There was a significant improvement in the standard of life in patients suffering from knee OA when treated with tramadol. Tolerability was better with tramadol than diclofenac.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of efficacy and tolerability of tramadol versus diclofenac in treatment of knee osteoarthritis","authors":"Rima Kanjiya, Ravi Kotadia","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213749","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Present study was conducted on patients of osteoarthritis (OA) treated with the traditional drug diclofenac sodium and compares it with tramadol, with the primary objective for determining effectiveness and tolerability based on WOMAC scores.Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized clinical study of the effectiveness and tolerability of tramadol versus diclofenac in the treatment of knee OA, at Tertiary care institute of Gujarat in the department of orthopedics. Consecutive patients were allotted serially in two groups; tramadol group (n=75) One tablet orally twice daily for 8 weeks. Diclofenac group (n75) patients received 75 mg oral dose of diclofenac 2 times daily for a period of 8 weeks. Overall improvement was evaluated through various parameters.Results: About 33% decrease in the scoring of stiffness domain of the WOMAC OA index questionnaire in the tramadol group and a 21% decline in the diclofenac group was observed. There was a 65% decrease in the scoring of knee joint tenderness questionnaire in the tramadol group and a 44% reduction in the diclofenac group. Tramadol was found to be more effective in improving the WOMAC OA index. WOMAC score (overall) and knee joint tenderness scores were also improved by tramadol than diclofenac.Conclusions: There was a significant improvement in the standard of life in patients suffering from knee OA when treated with tramadol. Tolerability was better with tramadol than diclofenac.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86282289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213748
D. Kushwah, Beenu Kushwah
Background: Teratogenicity caused by drugs can be avoided to major extent just by creating more awareness about rational use of drugs among treating doctors. Deleterious effects of a drug upon developing foetus are directly related with the stage of embryological development at the time of exposure. Attainment of right knowledge at right time about teratogenicity of a particular drug is very crucial which requires more awareness among general doctors in a country like India where most of the pregnant females are manged by these doctors only in peripheral regions. Present study was an observational study to assess basic knowledge of undergraduate medical students regarding teratogenicity in order to make necessary changes in existing mode of training of this particular topic.Methods: Present study was a questionnaire based cross sectional observational study to assess basic knowledge of undergraduate medical students regarding different aspects of teratogenicity. It included 250 students of two medical colleges of central India.Results: Out of 250 students 146 students reported on time. Maximum students (71%) were aware about the teratogenicity property of certain harmful drugs. Although 90% of students knew that early first trimester is the most susceptible time, only 21% could state the importance of doing counselling regarding use of drugs even before pregnancy.Conclusions: Based on the findings of present study it is obvious that more emphasis should be put on improving knowledge about teratogenic drugs during early years of medical training in order to bring about necessary changes in existing practices of treating doctors.
{"title":"An observational study on Awareness of Teratogenic drugs among Undergraduate Medical Students from two medical institutes of Central India","authors":"D. Kushwah, Beenu Kushwah","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213748","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Teratogenicity caused by drugs can be avoided to major extent just by creating more awareness about rational use of drugs among treating doctors. Deleterious effects of a drug upon developing foetus are directly related with the stage of embryological development at the time of exposure. Attainment of right knowledge at right time about teratogenicity of a particular drug is very crucial which requires more awareness among general doctors in a country like India where most of the pregnant females are manged by these doctors only in peripheral regions. Present study was an observational study to assess basic knowledge of undergraduate medical students regarding teratogenicity in order to make necessary changes in existing mode of training of this particular topic.Methods: Present study was a questionnaire based cross sectional observational study to assess basic knowledge of undergraduate medical students regarding different aspects of teratogenicity. It included 250 students of two medical colleges of central India.Results: Out of 250 students 146 students reported on time. Maximum students (71%) were aware about the teratogenicity property of certain harmful drugs. Although 90% of students knew that early first trimester is the most susceptible time, only 21% could state the importance of doing counselling regarding use of drugs even before pregnancy.Conclusions: Based on the findings of present study it is obvious that more emphasis should be put on improving knowledge about teratogenic drugs during early years of medical training in order to bring about necessary changes in existing practices of treating doctors.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86970874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213752
V. V. Rani
Background: The corona virus pandemic had an impact on the student’s education especially the medical and dental students. There was no option but to continue the education by using the online platforms to take lectures. This survey aims at finding out the students’ perception towards these online classes.Methods: After ethics committee approval, a pre-validated questionnaire was administered as a Google form to the first, second bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS) students and first, second bachelor of dental surgery (BDS) students, data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in Microsoft excel.Results: Out of 400 students who were sent the questionnaire 169 answered, with a response rate of 42.25%. 43 (25.44%) students had responded that the availability of the PowerPoint presentation for future reference makes it better for their study. 59 (34.91%) students said the main problem with the online lectures was Internet connectivity and technical issues /buffering during the class. Mean was 3 and above for three questions regarding the interaction during online classes and missing face to face interaction with both faculty and students.Conclusions: There is a positive attitude towards online learning, but the students miss the face-to-face interaction with the faculty and students. There is a necessity for improving the required infrastructure as well as training the faculty for the use of online platforms for planning and undertaking the sessions in an interactive way keeping in view the future occurrence of similar situations.
{"title":"Online learning during COVID-19 pandemic - a cross sectional survey of students’ perception","authors":"V. V. Rani","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213752","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The corona virus pandemic had an impact on the student’s education especially the medical and dental students. There was no option but to continue the education by using the online platforms to take lectures. This survey aims at finding out the students’ perception towards these online classes.Methods: After ethics committee approval, a pre-validated questionnaire was administered as a Google form to the first, second bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS) students and first, second bachelor of dental surgery (BDS) students, data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in Microsoft excel.Results: Out of 400 students who were sent the questionnaire 169 answered, with a response rate of 42.25%. 43 (25.44%) students had responded that the availability of the PowerPoint presentation for future reference makes it better for their study. 59 (34.91%) students said the main problem with the online lectures was Internet connectivity and technical issues /buffering during the class. Mean was 3 and above for three questions regarding the interaction during online classes and missing face to face interaction with both faculty and students.Conclusions: There is a positive attitude towards online learning, but the students miss the face-to-face interaction with the faculty and students. There is a necessity for improving the required infrastructure as well as training the faculty for the use of online platforms for planning and undertaking the sessions in an interactive way keeping in view the future occurrence of similar situations.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76820260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213753
S. Hingorani, Anupama S. Desai, Manisha B. Shastri
Background: Cataract is opacity of lens which is treated surgically. Topical corticosteroids are routinely used in the treatment of post-operative inflammation following cataract surgery. This study aims to compare the intraocular pressure changes caused by various topical steroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone and difluprednate) in post cataract patients. To compare compliance and to detect any significant adverse effects.Methods: Patients admitted in ophthalmology department for cataract surgery operated by phacoemulsification were taken as subjects. Total number of patients enrolled in the study were 354. Subjects were separated into 3 groups depending on topical steroids which were prescribed after surgery: group 1 - difluprednate, group 2 -dexamethasone and group 3 - prednisolone. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients were measured by ophthalmology department preoperatively and postoperatively after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th week of surgery. These data were collected and analysed. Adverse effects, Compliance of patients and number of bottles of drug used after surgery were also noted.Results: On comparing IOP, there was significant variation (p<0.027) between 3 drugs after one week of drug administration. When group 1 was compared with group 2 or group 3 there was no significant difference Average cost of difluprednate is about 3 times higher than the cost of dexamethasone or prednisolone.Conclusions: All the three topical steroids cause a rise in intraocular pressure in post cataract patients. But in group 1 (difluprednate) there was a rise in IOP up to three weeks after surgery but after 3rd week IOP remained stable. Adverse effects were seen more in group 2 and group 3.
{"title":"An observational comparative study of intraocular pressure changes in post-operative cataract patients treated with dexamethasone, difluprednate and prednisolone in a tertiary care centre","authors":"S. Hingorani, Anupama S. Desai, Manisha B. Shastri","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213753","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cataract is opacity of lens which is treated surgically. Topical corticosteroids are routinely used in the treatment of post-operative inflammation following cataract surgery. This study aims to compare the intraocular pressure changes caused by various topical steroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone and difluprednate) in post cataract patients. To compare compliance and to detect any significant adverse effects.Methods: Patients admitted in ophthalmology department for cataract surgery operated by phacoemulsification were taken as subjects. Total number of patients enrolled in the study were 354. Subjects were separated into 3 groups depending on topical steroids which were prescribed after surgery: group 1 - difluprednate, group 2 -dexamethasone and group 3 - prednisolone. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients were measured by ophthalmology department preoperatively and postoperatively after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th week of surgery. These data were collected and analysed. Adverse effects, Compliance of patients and number of bottles of drug used after surgery were also noted.Results: On comparing IOP, there was significant variation (p<0.027) between 3 drugs after one week of drug administration. When group 1 was compared with group 2 or group 3 there was no significant difference Average cost of difluprednate is about 3 times higher than the cost of dexamethasone or prednisolone.Conclusions: All the three topical steroids cause a rise in intraocular pressure in post cataract patients. But in group 1 (difluprednate) there was a rise in IOP up to three weeks after surgery but after 3rd week IOP remained stable. Adverse effects were seen more in group 2 and group 3. ","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73986461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic on March 11th 2020 by the world health organization (WHO). Vaccination is for preventing COVID-19 morbidity but when people are infected, treatment is required and even after one and half years the effective cure is yet to be discovered. In this context monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising innovative therapeutic agents in controlling COVID-19 infection. Researchers have found more than 50 mAbs against COVID-19 and they are at different stages of development. Scientists are pacing the research on mAbs. mAbs are innovative therapeutic agents in this context a scoping narrative review was done. At present we have evidences from numerous randomized controlled trials (RCT) on mAbs in effective control of respiratory and coagulation related complications due to COVID-19 infection. Many have got emergency use approval and few of which were withdrawn due to absence of enough evidences or adverse reactions. Examples are bamlanivimab, etesevimab, casirivimab and imdevimab. Other than these many investigational (mAbs) are under scrutiny. With the current evidences the article will give an insight to new and repurposed mAbs which are still under investigation in the management of COVID-19 infections.
{"title":"Monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 management: a scoping review","authors":"Umayal Adaikkalavan, Jeeja Mathummal Cherumanalil, Salwa Pannikkottuthodi, Hasna Poovancheri","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213645","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic on March 11th 2020 by the world health organization (WHO). Vaccination is for preventing COVID-19 morbidity but when people are infected, treatment is required and even after one and half years the effective cure is yet to be discovered. In this context monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising innovative therapeutic agents in controlling COVID-19 infection. Researchers have found more than 50 mAbs against COVID-19 and they are at different stages of development. Scientists are pacing the research on mAbs. mAbs are innovative therapeutic agents in this context a scoping narrative review was done. At present we have evidences from numerous randomized controlled trials (RCT) on mAbs in effective control of respiratory and coagulation related complications due to COVID-19 infection. Many have got emergency use approval and few of which were withdrawn due to absence of enough evidences or adverse reactions. Examples are bamlanivimab, etesevimab, casirivimab and imdevimab. Other than these many investigational (mAbs) are under scrutiny. With the current evidences the article will give an insight to new and repurposed mAbs which are still under investigation in the management of COVID-19 infections.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"614 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91463782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-702608/v1
Ahmed Shabhay, J. Chilongola, S. Mshana, Z. Shabhay, J. V. Baal, Anande Salewi, Theresia Mwakyembe, K. Chilonga, D. Msuya, Samwel Chugulu, P. Horumpende
Background Antimicrobial resistance to current novel antibiotics is posing a major threat to both human and zoonotic life. This poses a serious potential of rolling back to pre-antibiotic era clinical settings. Antimicrobial discovery pipeline has dried up as major pharmaceutical brands have shifted to long term chronic illness drugs production. In the absence of new novel antibiotics molecules, clinicians have resorted into a desperate last resort to review and re-introduce prior discarded antibiotics as their new weaponry in the fight against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Case presentation: We report a case of a 77 years old bed ridden diabetic and hypertensive with renal impairment diagnosed with bilateral lower limbs wet gangrene. She underwent transfemoral on her right and transtibial amputation on her left lower limb. She developed Surgical site infection on her right stump and wet gangrene on her left stump. Surgical toilet, debridement and stump revision was done on her right stump and a transfemoral amputation on her left lower limb. Pus swab on her right stump revealed carbapenem resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. She was instituted on parenteral colistin and showed no bacterial growth 7 days post treatment. She suffered an ischaemic cerebral vaso-occlusive stroke during her hospital stay. CT angiography revealed distal infra-renal abdominal aorta multiple calcified plaques, multiple calcified plaques and completely obstructing thrombus both on common and external iliac arteries, seen downstream to both superficial femoral arteries with multiple collaterals in both thighs. The included portion of the lower lung fields showed a large filling defect in the right main pulmonary artery extending to the lower lobe branches suggestive of right-sided pulmonary embolism. She developed hypostatic pneumonia, bed sores and her condition deteriorated and she unfortunately succumbed from her comorbidities. Despite our patient succumbing to her multiple co-morbidities we report this case to highlight the isolation of carbapenem resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the efficacy and safety of colistin as a salvage antibiotic in renal impaired patients. Conclusions Colistin can be safely used as a last reserve antibiotic for multi-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection even in patients with renal impairment.
{"title":"Discarded old antibiotics as a new arsenal for multi-resistant isolates in diabetic foot ulcer infections: Therapeutic value of parenteral Colistin versus multi-resistant Pseudomonas speciesisolate strains. Case Report","authors":"Ahmed Shabhay, J. Chilongola, S. Mshana, Z. Shabhay, J. V. Baal, Anande Salewi, Theresia Mwakyembe, K. Chilonga, D. Msuya, Samwel Chugulu, P. Horumpende","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-702608/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-702608/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background\u0000\u0000Antimicrobial resistance to current novel antibiotics is posing a major threat to both human and zoonotic life. This poses a serious potential of rolling back to pre-antibiotic era clinical settings. Antimicrobial discovery pipeline has dried up as major pharmaceutical brands have shifted to long term chronic illness drugs production. In the absence of new novel antibiotics molecules, clinicians have resorted into a desperate last resort to review and re-introduce prior discarded antibiotics as their new weaponry in the fight against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.\u0000Case presentation:\u0000\u0000We report a case of a 77 years old bed ridden diabetic and hypertensive with renal impairment diagnosed with bilateral lower limbs wet gangrene. She underwent transfemoral on her right and transtibial amputation on her left lower limb. She developed Surgical site infection on her right stump and wet gangrene on her left stump. Surgical toilet, debridement and stump revision was done on her right stump and a transfemoral amputation on her left lower limb. Pus swab on her right stump revealed carbapenem resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. She was instituted on parenteral colistin and showed no bacterial growth 7 days post treatment. She suffered an ischaemic cerebral vaso-occlusive stroke during her hospital stay. CT angiography revealed distal infra-renal abdominal aorta multiple calcified plaques, multiple calcified plaques and completely obstructing thrombus both on common and external iliac arteries, seen downstream to both superficial femoral arteries with multiple collaterals in both thighs. The included portion of the lower lung fields showed a large filling defect in the right main pulmonary artery extending to the lower lobe branches suggestive of right-sided pulmonary embolism. She developed hypostatic pneumonia, bed sores and her condition deteriorated and she unfortunately succumbed from her comorbidities. Despite our patient succumbing to her multiple co-morbidities we report this case to highlight the isolation of carbapenem resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the efficacy and safety of colistin as a salvage antibiotic in renal impaired patients.\u0000Conclusions\u0000\u0000Colistin can be safely used as a last reserve antibiotic for multi-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection even in patients with renal impairment.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"288 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74963387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213369
B. Shravani, A. V, P. Kalra
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a spectrum of common metabolic disorders whose management mainly lies in treating the patients with oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin along with the dietary and lifestyle modifications. Insulin is administered most subcutaneously. As the insulin injection sites are relatively painless, patients tend to inject in the same area repeatedly rather than moving to a newer site and increase risk for development of injection site reactions like lipodystrophy and impairment of glycemic control. Hence, it is utmost important for every diabetic patient and their relatives who would inject the insulin injection to be aware of appropriate manner of insulin injection. This helps in maintaining adequate glycemic control in diabetic patients. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection technique among the diabetic patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Endocrinology on 250 diabetic patients taking insulin injections based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A validated questionnaire was administered to patients to answer in order to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice about technique of insulin injection.Results: In this study, it was found that 90% of the patients were aware of rotating the injection site, whereas only 40% of the patients were aware of appropriate time duration (5-10 sec for syringes/counting 1-15 for releasing the pen) required for resting the syringe/pen needle inside the skin. Only 48% of the patients used to remove the air bubble prior to injection, 57% pinched the injection site before injecting, 20% rubbed the injection site after injection and 30% used to wash hands prior to injection. Hypoglycemia was the most common adverse effect noted in 54% of patients.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that every patient and his/her attendant needs to be educated and trained appropriately regarding technique of injecting insulin injection for betterment of their health.
{"title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection among subjects with diabetes mellitus","authors":"B. Shravani, A. V, P. Kalra","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213369","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a spectrum of common metabolic disorders whose management mainly lies in treating the patients with oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin along with the dietary and lifestyle modifications. Insulin is administered most subcutaneously. As the insulin injection sites are relatively painless, patients tend to inject in the same area repeatedly rather than moving to a newer site and increase risk for development of injection site reactions like lipodystrophy and impairment of glycemic control. Hence, it is utmost important for every diabetic patient and their relatives who would inject the insulin injection to be aware of appropriate manner of insulin injection. This helps in maintaining adequate glycemic control in diabetic patients. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection technique among the diabetic patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Endocrinology on 250 diabetic patients taking insulin injections based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A validated questionnaire was administered to patients to answer in order to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice about technique of insulin injection.Results: In this study, it was found that 90% of the patients were aware of rotating the injection site, whereas only 40% of the patients were aware of appropriate time duration (5-10 sec for syringes/counting 1-15 for releasing the pen) required for resting the syringe/pen needle inside the skin. Only 48% of the patients used to remove the air bubble prior to injection, 57% pinched the injection site before injecting, 20% rubbed the injection site after injection and 30% used to wash hands prior to injection. Hypoglycemia was the most common adverse effect noted in 54% of patients.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that every patient and his/her attendant needs to be educated and trained appropriately regarding technique of injecting insulin injection for betterment of their health. ","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80221770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213363
P. Naik, A. Pandey, Swati Patel
Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis is an important public health issue in India. The treatment regimen followed is Programmatic Management of Drug resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) approach. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a serious issue which increases the risk of defaulter rate if poorly managed. Thus study was undertaken to assess the ADRs caused by PMDT therapy in indoor patients of Department of Respiratory Medicine in a tertiary care hospital at Surat.Methods: The prospective and observational study was carried out for one year period. The causality was determined by World Health Organization (WHO) Uppasala Monitoring Centre (UMC) scale and severity was determined by Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. Fisher exact test was applied for statistical analysis.Results: Among 24 drug resistant tuberculosis patients, 12 (50%) patients developed ADRs due to second line antitubercular drugs. Occurrence of ADRs was more among Category V (100%) as compared to Category IV (36.8%). Occurrence of ADRs was more among females (60%). The commonly involved systems are auditory system (33.3%). Majority of ADRs developed within 61-90 days (66.7%) of initiation of drug therapy. Highest percentage of ADRs causing drugs was pyrazinamide (27.8%). On evaluation of the causality of ADRs, majority were found to be possible (53.3%). The severity assessment showed that most of the patients ADRs were of moderate level (73.3%).Conclusions: PMDT therapy is complicated but early management and reporting of ADRs decreases default rate.
{"title":"An observational study of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients of drug resistance tuberculosis taking PMDT therapy in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"P. Naik, A. Pandey, Swati Patel","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213363","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis is an important public health issue in India. The treatment regimen followed is Programmatic Management of Drug resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) approach. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a serious issue which increases the risk of defaulter rate if poorly managed. Thus study was undertaken to assess the ADRs caused by PMDT therapy in indoor patients of Department of Respiratory Medicine in a tertiary care hospital at Surat.Methods: The prospective and observational study was carried out for one year period. The causality was determined by World Health Organization (WHO) Uppasala Monitoring Centre (UMC) scale and severity was determined by Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. Fisher exact test was applied for statistical analysis.Results: Among 24 drug resistant tuberculosis patients, 12 (50%) patients developed ADRs due to second line antitubercular drugs. Occurrence of ADRs was more among Category V (100%) as compared to Category IV (36.8%). Occurrence of ADRs was more among females (60%). The commonly involved systems are auditory system (33.3%). Majority of ADRs developed within 61-90 days (66.7%) of initiation of drug therapy. Highest percentage of ADRs causing drugs was pyrazinamide (27.8%). On evaluation of the causality of ADRs, majority were found to be possible (53.3%). The severity assessment showed that most of the patients ADRs were of moderate level (73.3%).Conclusions: PMDT therapy is complicated but early management and reporting of ADRs decreases default rate.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83735210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213371
A. Iqbal, Adil Rashid, Afroza Jan, H. .
Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic skin disorder in white patches appear on the skin surface and also involve the hair. The disease is idiopathic, acquired and effects 1-4 percent of the world population. It is belived that there is immunologic influence in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and there is evidence of early cell death in vitiligo melanocytes related to their increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. In Ayurveda the vitiation of three doshas results deraignment of rasa, rakta, mamsa and medadhuta which results in vitiligo patches on skin. In Unani System of Medicine (USM) the deraignment of body humours result in the Fasad-e-Ikhlat which results in the Baras (vitiligo). Since both in Ayurveda and USM leech has been used for various dermatalogicalailments including vitiligo. In this study leeching (hirudotherapy) were done in vitiligo patients of both sexes with single and multiple patches and successful results were observed.
{"title":"Efficacy of leeching (Ta‘līq al-‘Alaq) in patients with vitiligo (baras): a comprehensive case study","authors":"A. Iqbal, Adil Rashid, Afroza Jan, H. .","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20213371","url":null,"abstract":"Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic skin disorder in white patches appear on the skin surface and also involve the hair. The disease is idiopathic, acquired and effects 1-4 percent of the world population. It is belived that there is immunologic influence in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and there is evidence of early cell death in vitiligo melanocytes related to their increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. In Ayurveda the vitiation of three doshas results deraignment of rasa, rakta, mamsa and medadhuta which results in vitiligo patches on skin. In Unani System of Medicine (USM) the deraignment of body humours result in the Fasad-e-Ikhlat which results in the Baras (vitiligo). Since both in Ayurveda and USM leech has been used for various dermatalogicalailments including vitiligo. In this study leeching (hirudotherapy) were done in vitiligo patients of both sexes with single and multiple patches and successful results were observed.","PeriodicalId":13901,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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