D. Upadhyay, A. Singh, H. Joshi, M. Agarwal, Rashmi Katyal
Introduction : We are moving from millennium development goals to sustainable development goals having universal health care as a key. To achieve universal health care we need morbidity patterns and data for planning and programming. Objectives : 1. To assess the morbidity patterns and profile of patients attending the OPD at the urban health and training centre 2. To determine the trends of communicable and non-communicable diseases Methodology: The presented study was record based cross sectional study. The information was collected from the OPD registers of the UHTC. The 12 months data was taken from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. We collected the information of all the patients who visited even for the medicine collection or even for reviewing the disease conditions and treatments. All the patients those visited the UHTC during one year period were included in this study. Results: A total 8120 including new, old and review patients attended the OPD of UHTC during the one year period. Out of total, 2524 males, 5591 females, 1273 under five children, 157 Antenatal women and 68 were elderly respectively. Acute Respiratory Infections followed by Hypertension were most common diseases. Communicable diseases had peak during post rainy season as well as during winter season while non-communicable diseases were more common during winters. Conclusion: To provide universal health care, we should also focus on population other than reproductive and child health group especially
{"title":"Study of patterns of diseases among patients attending the out-patient department at urban health and training centre of a Medical College in India","authors":"D. Upadhyay, A. Singh, H. Joshi, M. Agarwal, Rashmi Katyal","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4287","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : We are moving from millennium development goals to sustainable development goals having universal health care as a key. To achieve universal health care we need morbidity patterns and data for planning and programming. Objectives : 1. To assess the morbidity patterns and profile of patients attending the OPD at the urban health and training centre 2. To determine the trends of communicable and non-communicable diseases Methodology: The presented study was record based cross sectional study. The information was collected from the OPD registers of the UHTC. The 12 months data was taken from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. We collected the information of all the patients who visited even for the medicine collection or even for reviewing the disease conditions and treatments. All the patients those visited the UHTC during one year period were included in this study. Results: A total 8120 including new, old and review patients attended the OPD of UHTC during the one year period. Out of total, 2524 males, 5591 females, 1273 under five children, 157 Antenatal women and 68 were elderly respectively. Acute Respiratory Infections followed by Hypertension were most common diseases. Communicable diseases had peak during post rainy season as well as during winter season while non-communicable diseases were more common during winters. Conclusion: To provide universal health care, we should also focus on population other than reproductive and child health group especially","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"32 1","pages":"455-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78210279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Chakrawarty, M. Jaiswal, S. Sharma, D. Sachdev, Raj K. Sharma, S. Ali
Objectives: To assess the prescription pattern of Antibiotics in Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Bastar district, a tribal region of Chhattisgarh state at central-south India. Methods: All the prescriptions issued to the patients attending the dermatology OPD from January 2015 to March 2015 were recorded and assessed as per WHO guidelines for Drug Utilization Studies. Results: The total number of drugs prescribed in the 3650 prescriptions was 10,002 and average number of drugs per prescription being 2.74. For 12.96% patients, ? 4 drugs were prescribed on a single prescription. Antibiotics were prescribed in 18.68% of total prescriptions. Antibiotics were most commonly prescribed for Acne vulgaris (8.16% of total prescriptions). Most preferred route for Antibiotics administration was oral (66.51%). Majority of the Antibiotics were given by the combination therapy of oral and topical route (79.57%). Injectable Antibiotics were prescribed in 0.69% of total Antibiotics use. The most commonly used antibiotic was Doxycycline (33.87% of total prescriptions containing antibiotics) followed by Amoxicillin 24.34% and Azithromycin 13.34%. Large numbers of the Antibiotics (81.96%) were prescribed by generic names. Conclusions: Acne vulgaris was most common indication for antibiotics in the studied dermatology OPD. We found good prescribing habit in our study but adequate information was not written in some records with regards to the quantity of the topical antibiotics and prescribing by generic name. Systemically Beta-Lactam antibiotics and topically Mupirocin were the two most commonly prescribed agents. Prescribing combination of oral antibiotics with topical antibiotics was found to be high.
{"title":"Study on prescription pattern of antibiotics in Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital of tribal region of India","authors":"R. Chakrawarty, M. Jaiswal, S. Sharma, D. Sachdev, Raj K. Sharma, S. Ali","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4351","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the prescription pattern of Antibiotics in Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Bastar district, a tribal region of Chhattisgarh state at central-south India. Methods: All the prescriptions issued to the patients attending the dermatology OPD from January 2015 to March 2015 were recorded and assessed as per WHO guidelines for Drug Utilization Studies. Results: The total number of drugs prescribed in the 3650 prescriptions was 10,002 and average number of drugs per prescription being 2.74. For 12.96% patients, ? 4 drugs were prescribed on a single prescription. Antibiotics were prescribed in 18.68% of total prescriptions. Antibiotics were most commonly prescribed for Acne vulgaris (8.16% of total prescriptions). Most preferred route for Antibiotics administration was oral (66.51%). Majority of the Antibiotics were given by the combination therapy of oral and topical route (79.57%). Injectable Antibiotics were prescribed in 0.69% of total Antibiotics use. The most commonly used antibiotic was Doxycycline (33.87% of total prescriptions containing antibiotics) followed by Amoxicillin 24.34% and Azithromycin 13.34%. Large numbers of the Antibiotics (81.96%) were prescribed by generic names. Conclusions: Acne vulgaris was most common indication for antibiotics in the studied dermatology OPD. We found good prescribing habit in our study but adequate information was not written in some records with regards to the quantity of the topical antibiotics and prescribing by generic name. Systemically Beta-Lactam antibiotics and topically Mupirocin were the two most commonly prescribed agents. Prescribing combination of oral antibiotics with topical antibiotics was found to be high.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"115 1","pages":"491-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80538436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: According to WHO estimates, India contributes about 24 lakhs to 108 lakhs global child deaths and accounts for 25% of the 529,000 global maternal deaths (Reduction of maternal mortality: A joint WHO/ UNFPA/ World Bank Statement: Geneva; 1999). Objective: To assess the quality of maternal and child health care services at primary health care level. Materials and method: The study was conducted in 5 PHCs and 10 S/Cs randomly selected in Kamrup district of Assam. The data was collected from records, interviews of the health personnel and the clients availing the MCH services and lastly by observation method. Results: The quality of MCH services was assessed by using a system approach inputs, process and outputs. Conclusions: The quality of MCH services was found to be average at the primary care level.
{"title":"Quality assessment of maternal and child health care services at Primary health care level in Kamrup District of Assam.","authors":"A. P. Rabha","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4349","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to WHO estimates, India contributes about 24 lakhs to 108 lakhs global child deaths and accounts for 25% of the 529,000 global maternal deaths (Reduction of maternal mortality: A joint WHO/ UNFPA/ World Bank Statement: Geneva; 1999). Objective: To assess the quality of maternal and child health care services at primary health care level. Materials and method: The study was conducted in 5 PHCs and 10 S/Cs randomly selected in Kamrup district of Assam. The data was collected from records, interviews of the health personnel and the clients availing the MCH services and lastly by observation method. Results: The quality of MCH services was assessed by using a system approach inputs, process and outputs. Conclusions: The quality of MCH services was found to be average at the primary care level.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"36 3","pages":"479-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72597782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banu Pradheepa Kamarajan, R. Murugan, Ananthasubramanian Muthusamy, K. DinakarRaiB, Vignesh Mathialagan, S. Shanthakumari
Objective: To study the suitability of the developed polyamide/hydroxyapatite (PA/HA) composite orthopaedic scaffold in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The fabricated scaffolds were seeded with human osteoblast-like cell line (MG 63) and tested for its viability & cytotoxicity, proliferation and calcium mineralization through MTT assay, ALP assay and Alizarin red S staining respectively. Finally, the scaffolds were implanted in non-immunocompromised male wistar rats subcutaneously and pathological tests were carried out. Results: The results of in vitro studies indicate that PA/HA (90:10) composite was non-cytotoxic and supported calcium mineralization relatively better than the other compositions of PA/HA. From the Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, inflammation was observed in the tissues surrounding the scaffold 7 weeks post implantation in rats. However, the scaffolds were found to be incorporated into the subcutaneous tissue at the end of one year without any rejection. Conclusion: PA/HA (90:10) composite scaffold fabricated using SLS is biocompatible when tested in rats, and could more likely be used for orthopedic applications.
{"title":"Evaluation of selective laser sintered polyamide/hydroxyapatite composite compositions in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Banu Pradheepa Kamarajan, R. Murugan, Ananthasubramanian Muthusamy, K. DinakarRaiB, Vignesh Mathialagan, S. Shanthakumari","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4322","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the suitability of the developed polyamide/hydroxyapatite (PA/HA) composite orthopaedic scaffold in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The fabricated scaffolds were seeded with human osteoblast-like cell line (MG 63) and tested for its viability & cytotoxicity, proliferation and calcium mineralization through MTT assay, ALP assay and Alizarin red S staining respectively. Finally, the scaffolds were implanted in non-immunocompromised male wistar rats subcutaneously and pathological tests were carried out. Results: The results of in vitro studies indicate that PA/HA (90:10) composite was non-cytotoxic and supported calcium mineralization relatively better than the other compositions of PA/HA. From the Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, inflammation was observed in the tissues surrounding the scaffold 7 weeks post implantation in rats. However, the scaffolds were found to be incorporated into the subcutaneous tissue at the end of one year without any rejection. Conclusion: PA/HA (90:10) composite scaffold fabricated using SLS is biocompatible when tested in rats, and could more likely be used for orthopedic applications.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"45 1","pages":"467-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90702111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The use of endotracheal (ET) intubation is associated with post extubation emergence phenomenon comprising of sore throat, hoarseness and cough. This has been attributed to the physical effects of the tube cuff on tracheal mucosa, and thus any means to reduce this pressure effect can significantly improve on adverse symptoms. This study thus aims to compare the effects of instillation of air versus lignocaine into the ET tube cuff, on the post extubation morbidity. Methods: Fifty patients were randomized into two groups of 25 members each group A (air) and group L (lignocaine). In the former, air was filled in ET cuff, while in latter, lidocaine (4%) 5ml was instilled keeping the cuff pressure between 20-22 mmHg. Cough and hemodynamic parameters were noted at and after extubation. Extubation related morbidities were compared between the two groups. Results: With both groups showing similar demographics, there was statistically significant difference in incidence of post-operative sore throat (60% and 22.7%, p=0.003) and hoarseness (44% and 16%, p=0.029) in group A and group L respectively. The cuff volumes of agents were found to be lesser (p<0.05) with lignocaine, indicating net diffusion across cuff membrane. Post operative nausea and vomiting were also appreciably reduced after lignocaine instillation (p=0.69, 0.43). Conclusion: Instillation of Lignocaine in ET tube cuff is better in reducing post extubation sore throat, hoarseness and cough in comparison to air. It has a simple, easily reproducible and inexpensive means to alleviate emergence phenomenon.
{"title":"Instillation of Endotracheal Tube Cuff with Lignocaine to reduce Post-extubation Morbidity A Randomized Control Study","authors":"Karuna Taksande, Vinaya Udaybhaskar, N. Verma","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4256","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The use of endotracheal (ET) intubation is associated with post extubation emergence phenomenon comprising of sore throat, hoarseness and cough. This has been attributed to the physical effects of the tube cuff on tracheal mucosa, and thus any means to reduce this pressure effect can significantly improve on adverse symptoms. This study thus aims to compare the effects of instillation of air versus lignocaine into the ET tube cuff, on the post extubation morbidity. Methods: Fifty patients were randomized into two groups of 25 members each group A (air) and group L (lignocaine). In the former, air was filled in ET cuff, while in latter, lidocaine (4%) 5ml was instilled keeping the cuff pressure between 20-22 mmHg. Cough and hemodynamic parameters were noted at and after extubation. Extubation related morbidities were compared between the two groups. Results: With both groups showing similar demographics, there was statistically significant difference in incidence of post-operative sore throat (60% and 22.7%, p=0.003) and hoarseness (44% and 16%, p=0.029) in group A and group L respectively. The cuff volumes of agents were found to be lesser (p<0.05) with lignocaine, indicating net diffusion across cuff membrane. Post operative nausea and vomiting were also appreciably reduced after lignocaine instillation (p=0.69, 0.43). Conclusion: Instillation of Lignocaine in ET tube cuff is better in reducing post extubation sore throat, hoarseness and cough in comparison to air. It has a simple, easily reproducible and inexpensive means to alleviate emergence phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"45 1","pages":"445-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74930614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cholera, a primeval waterborne, severe dehydrating diarrheal disease, caused by V.cholerae , with a considerable health burden especially in developing countries. Due to lack of laboratory based evidences of an etiological agent many outbreaks are recorded as diarrhea outbreaks and cholera as well as V.cholerae El Tor biotype may remain unrecognized. The present report is an effort to trace the circulating strain in the community with the support of laboratory networking system and the aid of molecular techniques in epidemiology. Under Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme [IDSP], Dept of Microbiology Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute is recognized as a state referral laboratory for investigation of outbreaks in linked districts .In the month of July 2016 a total of 06 representative stool samples randomly collected in Cary Blair media from suspected cases of cholera were received for isolation and identification of etiological agent. All stool specimens were processed according to standard protocol and V.cholerae isolates were sent to National Institute for Cholera and Enteric Diseases [NICED] for molecular characterization. V. cholerae was isolated from 05 out of 06 samples tested. Serological tests revealed that all 05 isolates belonged to V.cholerae strain O1 serotype Ogawa. PCR based study from NICED confirmed all the V.cholerae strains contain Haitian ctxB. This molecular epidemiological study under the laboratory networking system revealed the circulation of Haitian variants of V.cholerae in some regions of Karnataka. Since the mortality and morbidity is high with Haitian genotypes than the El tor biotype coordinated and vigilant monitoring of V.cholerae is essential.
{"title":"Haitian ctxB producing Vibrio cholerae in Karnataka, India: Emphasis on molecular epidemiology and laboratory networking system","authors":"G. R. Kusuma, R. Ambica, M. Malik","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4332","url":null,"abstract":"Cholera, a primeval waterborne, severe dehydrating diarrheal disease, caused by V.cholerae , with a considerable health burden especially in developing countries. Due to lack of laboratory based evidences of an etiological agent many outbreaks are recorded as diarrhea outbreaks and cholera as well as V.cholerae El Tor biotype may remain unrecognized. The present report is an effort to trace the circulating strain in the community with the support of laboratory networking system and the aid of molecular techniques in epidemiology. Under Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme [IDSP], Dept of Microbiology Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute is recognized as a state referral laboratory for investigation of outbreaks in linked districts .In the month of July 2016 a total of 06 representative stool samples randomly collected in Cary Blair media from suspected cases of cholera were received for isolation and identification of etiological agent. All stool specimens were processed according to standard protocol and V.cholerae isolates were sent to National Institute for Cholera and Enteric Diseases [NICED] for molecular characterization. V. cholerae was isolated from 05 out of 06 samples tested. Serological tests revealed that all 05 isolates belonged to V.cholerae strain O1 serotype Ogawa. PCR based study from NICED confirmed all the V.cholerae strains contain Haitian ctxB. This molecular epidemiological study under the laboratory networking system revealed the circulation of Haitian variants of V.cholerae in some regions of Karnataka. Since the mortality and morbidity is high with Haitian genotypes than the El tor biotype coordinated and vigilant monitoring of V.cholerae is essential.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"30 1","pages":"475-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90302677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Abnormal accumulation monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow cause the primary characteristics of multiple myeloma. Myeloma cells produce abnormal immunoglobulin (M protein), light chain proteins (? and ?), and other factors, such as cytokines.Objective: To analyze the pattern of serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation in plasma cell disorder.Methodology: The study was conducted at central research laboratory at ESI-PGIMSR Manicktala, Kolkata. During the period of one year, Biochemical parameters and SPEP was performed for total 40 patients of plasma cell disorder diagnosed by bone marrow examination. The bone marrow aspirate and biopsy results were reviewed and the diagnosis was confirmed by doing immunofixation.Results: Mean age of patients was 57.35 years while male to female ratio was 3:1. Globulin >5g/dL was found in 50% of pt while 70% had A/G ratio less than 1. Renal insufficiency was present in15%. M spike was present in all patients when SPEP was done; 70% was in gamma and 30% in beta region. Paraprotein heavy chain IgG was present in gamma region in 80% cases while IgA and IgM was more commonly present in beta region (60%). Mean concentration of M protein was 2.6g/dL. In 65% patients M protein was >1.0g/dL. The most frequent heavy chain paraprotein was G (75%) followed by M (15%) and A (10%). Kappa constituted 85% for light chain paraprotein. IgG-Kappa was the most commonly found paraprotein.Conclusion: Abnormal concentrations of total serum protein, serum globulin and A/G ratio was present in >50% of patients while M spike in SPEP and M band in IF was found in all the patients. For early diagnosis patients suspected to have plasma cell myeloma the serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation remain an easy gold standard test for cases with secretory plasma cell myeloma.
{"title":"Pattern of serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation in plasma cell disorders","authors":"S. Chelliah, G. Chauhan","doi":"10.7439/ijbr.v8i8.4273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v8i8.4273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abnormal accumulation monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow cause the primary characteristics of multiple myeloma. Myeloma cells produce abnormal immunoglobulin (M protein), light chain proteins (? and ?), and other factors, such as cytokines.Objective: To analyze the pattern of serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation in plasma cell disorder.Methodology: The study was conducted at central research laboratory at ESI-PGIMSR Manicktala, Kolkata. During the period of one year, Biochemical parameters and SPEP was performed for total 40 patients of plasma cell disorder diagnosed by bone marrow examination. The bone marrow aspirate and biopsy results were reviewed and the diagnosis was confirmed by doing immunofixation.Results: Mean age of patients was 57.35 years while male to female ratio was 3:1. Globulin >5g/dL was found in 50% of pt while 70% had A/G ratio less than 1. Renal insufficiency was present in15%. M spike was present in all patients when SPEP was done; 70% was in gamma and 30% in beta region. Paraprotein heavy chain IgG was present in gamma region in 80% cases while IgA and IgM was more commonly present in beta region (60%). Mean concentration of M protein was 2.6g/dL. In 65% patients M protein was >1.0g/dL. The most frequent heavy chain paraprotein was G (75%) followed by M (15%) and A (10%). Kappa constituted 85% for light chain paraprotein. IgG-Kappa was the most commonly found paraprotein.Conclusion: Abnormal concentrations of total serum protein, serum globulin and A/G ratio was present in >50% of patients while M spike in SPEP and M band in IF was found in all the patients. For early diagnosis patients suspected to have plasma cell myeloma the serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation remain an easy gold standard test for cases with secretory plasma cell myeloma.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"12 4 1","pages":"449-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87859964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its pre runner, insulin resistance (IR) has become a pandemic problem, including the developing countries. Hence cost effective methods like anthropometric measures are needed to assess insulin resistance. Aims: 1) To study the pattern of dyslipidemia in diabetics and non diabetic subjects. 2) To correlate the association of anthropometric markers (Body mass index (BMI), Waist/Hip ratio (WHR), Waist/height ratio (WHtR), Waist circumference (WC) with Triglyceride (TG) / High density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio as a surrogate marker of IR. Settings and Design: 50 diabetics and 50 non diabetic subjects were enrolled prospectively and anthropometric and laboratory data were collected and analyzed in a tertiary care hospital. Methods and Material: Statistical analysis used: Mean, Standard deviation, Frequency and Percentage. Pearson’s correlation, Independent sample t test, Mann WhitneyU test. Results: Elevated TC, LDL, TG/HDL, WHR and low HDL were significantly associated with diabetics. WC showed maximum correlation with TG/HDL among anthropometric markers in the whole study group and both study groups separately. The correlation of TG/HDL with WHtR (r=0.110) was higher in controls when compared with cases (r= 0.23) indicating that WHtR has high levels of correlation with IR in obese non diabetic population. Conclusions: In this study, the above anthropometric measurements showed positive correlation with TG/HDL ratio. WC showed maximum correlation, though statistically not significant. We suggest using anthropometric measurements (WC, BMI, WHR, WHtR) as inexpensive and easy methods in clinical and epidemiological fields.
{"title":"Correlation of triglyceride by HDL ratio as a marker of insulin resistance with BMI, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio and waist circumference, in South Indian population","authors":"S. Mananje, Vidya Baleguli","doi":"10.7439/ijbr.v8i8.4310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v8i8.4310","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its pre runner, insulin resistance (IR) has become a pandemic problem, including the developing countries. Hence cost effective methods like anthropometric measures are needed to assess insulin resistance. Aims: 1) To study the pattern of dyslipidemia in diabetics and non diabetic subjects. 2) To correlate the association of anthropometric markers (Body mass index (BMI), Waist/Hip ratio (WHR), Waist/height ratio (WHtR), Waist circumference (WC) with Triglyceride (TG) / High density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio as a surrogate marker of IR. Settings and Design: 50 diabetics and 50 non diabetic subjects were enrolled prospectively and anthropometric and laboratory data were collected and analyzed in a tertiary care hospital. Methods and Material: Statistical analysis used: Mean, Standard deviation, Frequency and Percentage. Pearson’s correlation, Independent sample t test, Mann WhitneyU test. Results: Elevated TC, LDL, TG/HDL, WHR and low HDL were significantly associated with diabetics. WC showed maximum correlation with TG/HDL among anthropometric markers in the whole study group and both study groups separately. The correlation of TG/HDL with WHtR (r=0.110) was higher in controls when compared with cases (r= 0.23) indicating that WHtR has high levels of correlation with IR in obese non diabetic population. Conclusions: In this study, the above anthropometric measurements showed positive correlation with TG/HDL ratio. WC showed maximum correlation, though statistically not significant. We suggest using anthropometric measurements (WC, BMI, WHR, WHtR) as inexpensive and easy methods in clinical and epidemiological fields.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"5 1","pages":"461-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87846515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Carbapenems are a class of ?lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity and greatest potency against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and their use has markedly increased in the past few decades. The development of carbapenem resistance has now become a grave concern in the treatment of diseases.Materials and Methods: The study was a laboratory based cross sectional study done with the main aim to detect the presence of carbapenem resistance among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. A total of 550 samples (pus, urine, sputum, etc) were subjected to culture. The antibiotic susceptibility for various antibiotics was studied by Kirby Bauers Disk Diffusion Test. Carbapenem resistance and Metallo-betalacatamase (MBL) production was detected using Modified Hodge Test and EDTA Disk Synergy Test respectively.Result: A total of 129 isolates (43%) were meropenem resistant out of which 42 isolates (14%) were MBL producing. Carbapenase production was noted in 42.1% of E.coliand45.8% of K. pneumoniae. Twelve percent of the E. coli and 20.8% of the K. pneumoniae were found to have prevalence of MBL producers respectively.Conclusion: High incidence of carbapenem resistance and MBL producers was noted in the isolates. Given the emerging pattern of resistance to these third line antimicrobials and limited new molecules it is imperative to frame a new antibiotic policy and its strict implementation.
{"title":"Detection of Carbapenem resistance among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a tertiary care hospital in South India","authors":"P. Saban, R. Gopal.","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4338","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Carbapenems are a class of ?lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity and greatest potency against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and their use has markedly increased in the past few decades. The development of carbapenem resistance has now become a grave concern in the treatment of diseases.Materials and Methods: The study was a laboratory based cross sectional study done with the main aim to detect the presence of carbapenem resistance among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. A total of 550 samples (pus, urine, sputum, etc) were subjected to culture. The antibiotic susceptibility for various antibiotics was studied by Kirby Bauers Disk Diffusion Test. Carbapenem resistance and Metallo-betalacatamase (MBL) production was detected using Modified Hodge Test and EDTA Disk Synergy Test respectively.Result: A total of 129 isolates (43%) were meropenem resistant out of which 42 isolates (14%) were MBL producing. Carbapenase production was noted in 42.1% of E.coliand45.8% of K. pneumoniae. Twelve percent of the E. coli and 20.8% of the K. pneumoniae were found to have prevalence of MBL producers respectively.Conclusion: High incidence of carbapenem resistance and MBL producers was noted in the isolates. Given the emerging pattern of resistance to these third line antimicrobials and limited new molecules it is imperative to frame a new antibiotic policy and its strict implementation.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"70 1","pages":"488-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85805470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Stroke related morbidity and mortality could be minimised with early medical interventions. Lack of awareness on stroke warning signs and risk factors are significant reasons for delay in seeking medical care and resultant adverse outcome. The caregiver knowledge on stroke is important in early detection of stroke, hence the study. Aims: To assess the knowledge on warning signs and risk factors of stroke among caregivers of stroke patients. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire based study was done over 6 months among 50 caregivers of hospitalized stroke patients. Questionnaire adopted from Leicester Stroke Awareness Campaign Study was administered to the participants and their response was recorded andanalyzed using Microsoft SPSS-IV software. Results: In the study 62 % participants were females; most in the age group of 41-60 years. Term called stroke and brain as the affected organ was known to 70% and 94% of subjects respectively. Sudden onset weakness of arm and leg was identified as a warning sign by 82% and 80% of caregivers. High blood pressure was the most identified (78 %) risk factor. Knowledge on stroke warning signs and risk factors were found to be good in 34% and 46% of subjects respectively. This knowledge was found to be significantly higher among educated and younger subjects. Conclusion: Caregivers of stroke patients had good knowledge of stroke warning sign and risk factors. Caregivers education on stroke might be of great utility to spread the stroke awareness in society.
{"title":"Study on stroke awareness among caregivers of stroke patients","authors":"Sanjana Tallihalla Rajegowda, V. Pinto, P. George","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I8.4353","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke related morbidity and mortality could be minimised with early medical interventions. Lack of awareness on stroke warning signs and risk factors are significant reasons for delay in seeking medical care and resultant adverse outcome. The caregiver knowledge on stroke is important in early detection of stroke, hence the study. Aims: To assess the knowledge on warning signs and risk factors of stroke among caregivers of stroke patients. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire based study was done over 6 months among 50 caregivers of hospitalized stroke patients. Questionnaire adopted from Leicester Stroke Awareness Campaign Study was administered to the participants and their response was recorded andanalyzed using Microsoft SPSS-IV software. Results: In the study 62 % participants were females; most in the age group of 41-60 years. Term called stroke and brain as the affected organ was known to 70% and 94% of subjects respectively. Sudden onset weakness of arm and leg was identified as a warning sign by 82% and 80% of caregivers. High blood pressure was the most identified (78 %) risk factor. Knowledge on stroke warning signs and risk factors were found to be good in 34% and 46% of subjects respectively. This knowledge was found to be significantly higher among educated and younger subjects. Conclusion: Caregivers of stroke patients had good knowledge of stroke warning sign and risk factors. Caregivers education on stroke might be of great utility to spread the stroke awareness in society.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"27 1","pages":"484-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83356799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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