Background: The management of TMD requires multidisciplinary approach on account of its complex and multifactorial etiology. Although the role of psychological factors has been considered in the etiology, they are often unattended in the dental set up. Hence, realizing the paucity the study was planned. Aims: To assess psychological health profile in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Material and method: 40 subjects who met the set inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected for evaluation of sign and symptoms of TMD followed by psychiatric evaluation by Dukes health profile scale. Result: A significant association of signs and symptoms of TMD including inter-incisal distance, clicking, TMJ pain, referred pain, muscle tenderness and deflection with anxiety and depression was found (p value <.05). Also, there was statistically significant association between inter-incisal distance, clicking, referred pain and locking with pain and disability scores. (p value <.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant association of anxiety and depression with signs & symptoms of TMD.
{"title":"Assessment of psychological health profile in patients with temporomandibular disorders","authors":"S. Dahiya, Vijayalakshmi Kr","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4471","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of TMD requires multidisciplinary approach on account of its complex and multifactorial etiology. Although the role of psychological factors has been considered in the etiology, they are often unattended in the dental set up. Hence, realizing the paucity the study was planned. Aims: To assess psychological health profile in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Material and method: 40 subjects who met the set inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected for evaluation of sign and symptoms of TMD followed by psychiatric evaluation by Dukes health profile scale. Result: A significant association of signs and symptoms of TMD including inter-incisal distance, clicking, TMJ pain, referred pain, muscle tenderness and deflection with anxiety and depression was found (p value <.05). Also, there was statistically significant association between inter-incisal distance, clicking, referred pain and locking with pain and disability scores. (p value <.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant association of anxiety and depression with signs & symptoms of TMD.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":"661-667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83080403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the frequent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease in general population being 2-4%, while in people with type 2 diabetes 9.9% .This study was conducted at Subbaiah Medical College & Research Institute, Shimoga to Study Microalbuminuria in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with Ischemic heart disease and without Ischemic heart disease, to assess the cardiovascular health status and to take appropriate steps to prevent further morbidity Methods: We studied 100 patients admitted to Medical wards after meeting the required criteria following investigations was carried out. 1) 12 Lead ECG 2) Spot urine albumin creatinine ratio 3) FBS & PPBS 4) Blood urea and serum creatinine 5) TMT / 2D ECHO 6) Lipid profile. Results: 100 subjects were included, 59% were males and remaining 41% were females.50 subjects were having Type 2 Diabetes with IHD considered as cases, other 50 subjects were having Type 2 Diabetes without IHD considered as controls. Among patients with IHD, maximum UACR value is 276 and minimum value is 20, whereas in patients without IHD, maximum is 42 and minimum is 18.There is significant difference in the mean UACR among patients with and without IHD . T-statistics -7.73 indicates statistically significant with p-value of <0.001 at 5% significance level. Conclusion: Subjects with Type 2 DM with IHD have been found to have higher UACR levels than those subjects without IHD. Screening for UACR can help clinicians estimate a patient's CVD risk and to take appropriate steps to prevent further morbidity.
{"title":"Study of Microalbuminuria in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with Ischemic heart disease in Rural population in South India","authors":"Indumathi Shankaraiah, N. Kiran","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4518","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the frequent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease in general population being 2-4%, while in people with type 2 diabetes 9.9% .This study was conducted at Subbaiah Medical College & Research Institute, Shimoga to Study Microalbuminuria in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with Ischemic heart disease and without Ischemic heart disease, to assess the cardiovascular health status and to take appropriate steps to prevent further morbidity Methods: We studied 100 patients admitted to Medical wards after meeting the required criteria following investigations was carried out. 1) 12 Lead ECG 2) Spot urine albumin creatinine ratio 3) FBS & PPBS 4) Blood urea and serum creatinine 5) TMT / 2D ECHO 6) Lipid profile. Results: 100 subjects were included, 59% were males and remaining 41% were females.50 subjects were having Type 2 Diabetes with IHD considered as cases, other 50 subjects were having Type 2 Diabetes without IHD considered as controls. Among patients with IHD, maximum UACR value is 276 and minimum value is 20, whereas in patients without IHD, maximum is 42 and minimum is 18.There is significant difference in the mean UACR among patients with and without IHD . T-statistics -7.73 indicates statistically significant with p-value of <0.001 at 5% significance level. Conclusion: Subjects with Type 2 DM with IHD have been found to have higher UACR levels than those subjects without IHD. Screening for UACR can help clinicians estimate a patient's CVD risk and to take appropriate steps to prevent further morbidity.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"2 1","pages":"677-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75856021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aims: Patients injured in bear attack present with different patterns of injuries. A common protocol may not be suitable for the management of injuries inflicted by these large wild animals. Anaesthetic management of such injuries often need multidisciplinary approach. Here, we reported case series of anaesthesia challenges in Bear bite patients who were brought to Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur; and were managed in emergency situations for surgery under anaesthesia. Method: This retrospective observational study was conducted on total 10 cases of either sex, having age ranging from 30-50 years, over a period of two years. The data was collected from case records and analyzed accordingly. Results: Due to injury over face and oedema, there was problem of ventilation with Ambu Bag as far as casualty management was concerned. It was difficult to hold the anaesthesia circuit mask while preoxygenation before induction and intubation. Also we faced difficulty in laryngoscopy and Intubation due to distorted anatomy of face and oedema. In few cases, Bear bite injury was noted on limb, chest and abdomen. Some of patients were required multiple surgical intervention/ operated to cover the wound gap and disfigurement leading to multiple exposure to general anaesthesia. Only one patient was required to be intubated and mechanically ventilated before taken for definitive surgical repair. Conclusion: In our case series, there was no mortality. The main challenges to anaesthesiologist were Emergency Airway Management, Blood and Fluid Resuscitation either at casualty or in the operation theatre.
{"title":"Anaesthesia Challenges in Patients with Bear Bite","authors":"Jyoti M. Naitam, Pooja Mamtani","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4530","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Patients injured in bear attack present with different patterns of injuries. A common protocol may not be suitable for the management of injuries inflicted by these large wild animals. Anaesthetic management of such injuries often need multidisciplinary approach. Here, we reported case series of anaesthesia challenges in Bear bite patients who were brought to Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur; and were managed in emergency situations for surgery under anaesthesia. Method: This retrospective observational study was conducted on total 10 cases of either sex, having age ranging from 30-50 years, over a period of two years. The data was collected from case records and analyzed accordingly. Results: Due to injury over face and oedema, there was problem of ventilation with Ambu Bag as far as casualty management was concerned. It was difficult to hold the anaesthesia circuit mask while preoxygenation before induction and intubation. Also we faced difficulty in laryngoscopy and Intubation due to distorted anatomy of face and oedema. In few cases, Bear bite injury was noted on limb, chest and abdomen. Some of patients were required multiple surgical intervention/ operated to cover the wound gap and disfigurement leading to multiple exposure to general anaesthesia. Only one patient was required to be intubated and mechanically ventilated before taken for definitive surgical repair. Conclusion: In our case series, there was no mortality. The main challenges to anaesthesiologist were Emergency Airway Management, Blood and Fluid Resuscitation either at casualty or in the operation theatre.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"694-698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89234550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To compare the incidence of hypertensive disorders in case of central placenta and laterally situated placenta. Material & method: It was a prospective observational study which was conducted between June 2016 and June 2017 at Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal. Participants were uncomplicated pregnant women having 18-24weeks gestation attending antenatal clinics and admitted in ward who underwent obstetric sonography including placental localization. Women were observed till delivery. Analysis was done for site of implantation of placenta and its correlation with preeclampsia. Results: Total of 300 women considered for the study, 195/300 (65%) had central implantation of placenta and 105/300(35%) had lateral type of placentation. 42 patients developed preeclampsia of which 25/105(23.81%) had lateral placenta and 17/195(8.72%) had central placenta (p value 0.000). 22 women developed eclampsia of which 14/105(13.33) had lateral and 8/195(4.1) had central placentation (p value 0.003). Isolated PIH was not found in this study. This suggests high possibilities of development of preeclampsia in laterally situated placenta in comparison to central implantation. Conclusion: Laterally located placenta is associated with increased risk of development of preeclampsia. Prediction of preeclampsia by second trimester USG guided placental localization is simple, cheap, non-invasive, safe and effective screening method for preeclampsia.
{"title":"A study to assess placental location by ultrasonography and evaluation of its relationship with development of preeclampsia & eclampsia","authors":"M. Ghosh, Avik Ghosh, P. Sengupta","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4481","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the incidence of hypertensive disorders in case of central placenta and laterally situated placenta. Material & method: It was a prospective observational study which was conducted between June 2016 and June 2017 at Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal. Participants were uncomplicated pregnant women having 18-24weeks gestation attending antenatal clinics and admitted in ward who underwent obstetric sonography including placental localization. Women were observed till delivery. Analysis was done for site of implantation of placenta and its correlation with preeclampsia. Results: Total of 300 women considered for the study, 195/300 (65%) had central implantation of placenta and 105/300(35%) had lateral type of placentation. 42 patients developed preeclampsia of which 25/105(23.81%) had lateral placenta and 17/195(8.72%) had central placenta (p value 0.000). 22 women developed eclampsia of which 14/105(13.33) had lateral and 8/195(4.1) had central placentation (p value 0.003). Isolated PIH was not found in this study. This suggests high possibilities of development of preeclampsia in laterally situated placenta in comparison to central implantation. Conclusion: Laterally located placenta is associated with increased risk of development of preeclampsia. Prediction of preeclampsia by second trimester USG guided placental localization is simple, cheap, non-invasive, safe and effective screening method for preeclampsia.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"16 1","pages":"668-671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84653205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim and Objectives: To determine whether the measurement of surface landmarks along the course of central veins can estimate the approximate insertion depths of both right and left sided C.V.C. via the internal jugular veins (I.J.V.) and subclavian veins (S.C.V.). Methods: Total 150 central venous catheterizations were performed using a triple lumen C.V.C. with Seldinger technique. The anterior approach, using the sternocleidomastoid muscle as a landmark was used for I.J.V. insertion and infraclavicular approach for S.C.V. insertion. Topographical measurement was done by placing the catheter naturally with its own curvature over the draped skin, starting from the insertion point of the needle through ipsilateral clavicular notch and to the insertion point of second right coastal cartilage to the manubriosternal joint. The C.V.C. was then inserted and secured to a depth determined topographically. The position of C.V.C. tip, in relation to the carina, was confirmed and measured on a post procedural full inspiration chest X ray. Results: The mean (SD) depth of insertion of Right I.J.V., Right S.C.V., Left I.J.V. and Left S.C.V were 12.26 (0.30) cm, 12.86 (0.36) cm, 16.27 (0.22) cm and 16.30 (0.23) cm respectively. The mean (SD) value for vertical distance between C.V.C. tip and carina of Right I.J.V, Right S.C.V., Left I.J.V. and Left S.C.V were 0.38 (0.26) cm, 0.43 (0.27) cm, 0.41 (0.23) cm and 0.55 (0.29) cm respectively. We found no statistically significant difference in incidence of complications and type of C.V.C inserted but statistical significant difference found between incidence of complications and Position of CVC Tip on Post-procedure Chest X-ray. Conclusion: The approximate insertion depth of a CVC can be estimated using measurement of surface landmarks along the pathway of central veins.
{"title":"An estimation of right and left sided central venous catheter insertion depth using measurement of surface landmarks along the course of central veins -a descriptive observational study","authors":"Ashish Demble, Sona Dave","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4528","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and Objectives: To determine whether the measurement of surface landmarks along the course of central veins can estimate the approximate insertion depths of both right and left sided C.V.C. via the internal jugular veins (I.J.V.) and subclavian veins (S.C.V.). Methods: Total 150 central venous catheterizations were performed using a triple lumen C.V.C. with Seldinger technique. The anterior approach, using the sternocleidomastoid muscle as a landmark was used for I.J.V. insertion and infraclavicular approach for S.C.V. insertion. Topographical measurement was done by placing the catheter naturally with its own curvature over the draped skin, starting from the insertion point of the needle through ipsilateral clavicular notch and to the insertion point of second right coastal cartilage to the manubriosternal joint. The C.V.C. was then inserted and secured to a depth determined topographically. The position of C.V.C. tip, in relation to the carina, was confirmed and measured on a post procedural full inspiration chest X ray. Results: The mean (SD) depth of insertion of Right I.J.V., Right S.C.V., Left I.J.V. and Left S.C.V were 12.26 (0.30) cm, 12.86 (0.36) cm, 16.27 (0.22) cm and 16.30 (0.23) cm respectively. The mean (SD) value for vertical distance between C.V.C. tip and carina of Right I.J.V, Right S.C.V., Left I.J.V. and Left S.C.V were 0.38 (0.26) cm, 0.43 (0.27) cm, 0.41 (0.23) cm and 0.55 (0.29) cm respectively. We found no statistically significant difference in incidence of complications and type of C.V.C inserted but statistical significant difference found between incidence of complications and Position of CVC Tip on Post-procedure Chest X-ray. Conclusion: The approximate insertion depth of a CVC can be estimated using measurement of surface landmarks along the pathway of central veins.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"16 1","pages":"688-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89140293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study the clinical profile , course of H1N1 influenza cases hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in South india and to study the outcome in these patients. A total of 26 cases were studied retrospectively during aperiod of 18 months from Jan 2016 to August 2017 . Real -time - reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection. The demographic , clinical and laboratory data of 26 (RT-PCR) H1N1 cases were collected and analsyed usinf Fischer' exact t test between survivors and nonsurvivors to know thier significance.This study was approved by the institutional research and ethics committee.A total of 26 confirmed cases were studied with maximum cases seen in the month of July.The mean age of affected population was 46 years. Females (65.4%) were affected more than males(34.6%). Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbid illness.Fever , cough and breathlessness are the common presenting symptoms. 57.7% required ICU.23.1% required vasopressors.Mechanical ventilation was required in 53.8% cases The presence of thrombocytopenia (p-0.025) use of vasopressors (p value-0.000)ICU admission (p- 0.017) and mechanical ventilation (p value-0.010) were poor prognostic factors. The mortality in our study was 23.1%
{"title":"Clinical Profile of H1N1 Influenza Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in South India","authors":"A. Bhat, K. Fernandes","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I12.4529","url":null,"abstract":"To study the clinical profile , course of H1N1 influenza cases hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in South india and to study the outcome in these patients. A total of 26 cases were studied retrospectively during aperiod of 18 months from Jan 2016 to August 2017 . Real -time - reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection. The demographic , clinical and laboratory data of 26 (RT-PCR) H1N1 cases were collected and analsyed usinf Fischer' exact t test between survivors and nonsurvivors to know thier significance.This study was approved by the institutional research and ethics committee.A total of 26 confirmed cases were studied with maximum cases seen in the month of July.The mean age of affected population was 46 years. Females (65.4%) were affected more than males(34.6%). Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbid illness.Fever , cough and breathlessness are the common presenting symptoms. 57.7% required ICU.23.1% required vasopressors.Mechanical ventilation was required in 53.8% cases The presence of thrombocytopenia (p-0.025) use of vasopressors (p value-0.000)ICU admission (p- 0.017) and mechanical ventilation (p value-0.010) were poor prognostic factors. The mortality in our study was 23.1%","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"6 1","pages":"682-687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87866965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims and Objectives: To study the etiology, occurrence and pattern of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and investigations this would aid in the early diagnosis and management of children with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Methods: This study was conducted over two years on 50 children below 12 years of age who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, at a tertiary care hospital. All the cases were analysed by taking a detailed history and examination. An oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was done in indicated cases. The patients were treated according to standard guidelines and were followed up for a period of two year. Bleeding control was assessed during follow up based on check scopy findings. Results: The majority of children who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleedwere in the age group of 6-10 years with male predominance with male to female ratio being 1.3:1. EHPVO was the most common cause. Among 15 cases of EHPVO, 12 required endoscopic interventions, with recurrent bleed in 3 patients (25%). Oesophageal varices were the commonest finding seen on endoscopy. Of the 14 patients (66.6%) who followed for check scopy, 78.5 % showed no bleed on follow up and 21.5% showed small varices not requiring any intervention. The mortality was 26% (13) in patients with UGIB. Patients who had an underlying hepatic failure and septicaemia had higher mortality as compared to other patients. Conclusion: The outcome of children with EHPVO depends on the control of bleeding. Sclerotherapy and banding are effective in long-term variceal bleeding control. EHPVO was associated with better outcome inpatients with UGIB.
{"title":"Spectrum of upper gastrointestinal bleed in children","authors":"S. Zope, Radha G. Ghildiya, Prachi S. Karnik","doi":"10.7439/ijbr.v8i11.4487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v8i11.4487","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: To study the etiology, occurrence and pattern of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and investigations this would aid in the early diagnosis and management of children with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Methods: This study was conducted over two years on 50 children below 12 years of age who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, at a tertiary care hospital. All the cases were analysed by taking a detailed history and examination. An oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was done in indicated cases. The patients were treated according to standard guidelines and were followed up for a period of two year. Bleeding control was assessed during follow up based on check scopy findings. Results: The majority of children who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleedwere in the age group of 6-10 years with male predominance with male to female ratio being 1.3:1. EHPVO was the most common cause. Among 15 cases of EHPVO, 12 required endoscopic interventions, with recurrent bleed in 3 patients (25%). Oesophageal varices were the commonest finding seen on endoscopy. Of the 14 patients (66.6%) who followed for check scopy, 78.5 % showed no bleed on follow up and 21.5% showed small varices not requiring any intervention. The mortality was 26% (13) in patients with UGIB. Patients who had an underlying hepatic failure and septicaemia had higher mortality as compared to other patients. Conclusion: The outcome of children with EHPVO depends on the control of bleeding. Sclerotherapy and banding are effective in long-term variceal bleeding control. EHPVO was associated with better outcome inpatients with UGIB.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"40 1","pages":"636-640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89504543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nodular thyroid disease is a common health problem affecting women affected more frequently than men. Benign conditions like simple thyroid cyst, iodine deficiency disorder, chronic inflammatory disease of thyroid (like Hashimoto?s thyroiditis) as well as malignancy of different grades (ranging from well differentiated papillary carcinoma to high grade follicular neoplasm) can present with thyroid nodules. Differentiation between two entities based on clinical and biochemical ground alone is hardly possible and here comes the role of high resolution ultrasonography. Because of superficial location USG can identify normal thyroid anatomy and pathologic conditions with remarkable clarity. Based on sonologic features it is possible to predict whether a nodule is malignant or not and hence whether follow-up is sufficient or more invasive procedure is imperative. Materials & Methods: Fifty sequential adult patients of 15-60years of age presenting with nodular thyroid disease were studied over the period of one and half years (January 2016 to June 2017). Specific USG criteria were used to characterize the nodules so that a probable diagnosis could be made. Sonological diagnoses then compared with cytological results to conclude role of USG to analyse nodular thyroid disease. Result & Analysis: 50 patients were studied with a mean age of 37.4 years. Benign lesions constitute the majority (total 43 cases) four patients were diagnosed as having papillary carcinoma & three as case of follicular neoplasm. Most of the patients presented with long standing painless palpable thyroid swelling. Majority of malignant thyroid nodules presented as solitary hypoechoic solid nodules with intranodular vascularity. On contrary benign lesions were mainly iso or hyper echoic, multiple or solitary, well margined nodules with perinodular vascularity. Cervical lymphadenopathy & micro calcification were found almost exclusively in papillary carcinoma, whereas peripheral egg shell calcification &comet tail artifacts were seen only in hyperplastic nodules. Conclusion: Nodular thyroid disease was found to be of female predominance with benign causes outnumbered malignancy. USG assessment helped assess characteristics of thyroid nodules to reach a provisional diagnosis. We had taken into account parameters and among them taller than wide shape, intranodular vascularity with or with-out perinodular component and marked hypoechogenicity emerged as most useful.
{"title":"Sonographic evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule with cytopathological correlation","authors":"M. Ghosh, Shyam Agarwal, S. Dutta","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I11.4452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I11.4452","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nodular thyroid disease is a common health problem affecting women affected more frequently than men. Benign conditions like simple thyroid cyst, iodine deficiency disorder, chronic inflammatory disease of thyroid (like Hashimoto?s thyroiditis) as well as malignancy of different grades (ranging from well differentiated papillary carcinoma to high grade follicular neoplasm) can present with thyroid nodules. Differentiation between two entities based on clinical and biochemical ground alone is hardly possible and here comes the role of high resolution ultrasonography. Because of superficial location USG can identify normal thyroid anatomy and pathologic conditions with remarkable clarity. Based on sonologic features it is possible to predict whether a nodule is malignant or not and hence whether follow-up is sufficient or more invasive procedure is imperative. Materials & Methods: Fifty sequential adult patients of 15-60years of age presenting with nodular thyroid disease were studied over the period of one and half years (January 2016 to June 2017). Specific USG criteria were used to characterize the nodules so that a probable diagnosis could be made. Sonological diagnoses then compared with cytological results to conclude role of USG to analyse nodular thyroid disease. Result & Analysis: 50 patients were studied with a mean age of 37.4 years. Benign lesions constitute the majority (total 43 cases) four patients were diagnosed as having papillary carcinoma & three as case of follicular neoplasm. Most of the patients presented with long standing painless palpable thyroid swelling. Majority of malignant thyroid nodules presented as solitary hypoechoic solid nodules with intranodular vascularity. On contrary benign lesions were mainly iso or hyper echoic, multiple or solitary, well margined nodules with perinodular vascularity. Cervical lymphadenopathy & micro calcification were found almost exclusively in papillary carcinoma, whereas peripheral egg shell calcification &comet tail artifacts were seen only in hyperplastic nodules. Conclusion: Nodular thyroid disease was found to be of female predominance with benign causes outnumbered malignancy. USG assessment helped assess characteristics of thyroid nodules to reach a provisional diagnosis. We had taken into account parameters and among them taller than wide shape, intranodular vascularity with or with-out perinodular component and marked hypoechogenicity emerged as most useful.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"14 1","pages":"630-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77687493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Poudyal, L. Shrestha, T. Pandit, D. Tamrakar, D. Yadav, M. Lamsal, B. Khanal
Background and Objectives: Hepatitis is a common cause of jaundice. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E are enterically transmitted viral diseases. This study investigated an outbreak of viral hepatitis at Biratnagar, Morang district, Nepal, during April 2014. Materials & Methods: An expert team from Microbiology and Public health of BPKIHS inspected the area and blood samples from 90 suspected cases of jaundice were obtained and subjected for IgM and IgG antibody detection against HAV and HEV. Water samples from 10 different areas of affected region were also collected and checked for presence of coliform by membrane filtration method to confirm the suspicion of fecal contamination of water supply. Results: An outbreak Hepatitis E and Hepatitis A occurred in Biratnagar. Out of 90 blood samples, 45 were reactive for hepatitis E IgM, nine were reactive for Hepatitis A IgM. Three samples among these were reactive for both Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E. The liver function tests of the positive cases were deranged while the negative cases had normal LFT. Among the 10 water samples, five of them grew coliforms which confirmed the fecal contamination of drinking water supply. Conclusion: A large outbreak of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E occurred in a Biratnagar which had spread through the drinking of contaminated water. The outbreak was confirmed both by Epidemiology and Disease Control Division of Nepal government and BPKIHS which led to the identification of source and control of the outbreak.
{"title":"Jaundice Outbreak in Biratnagar Municipality of Eastern Nepal: A Microbiological perspective","authors":"N. Poudyal, L. Shrestha, T. Pandit, D. Tamrakar, D. Yadav, M. Lamsal, B. Khanal","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I11.4401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I11.4401","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Hepatitis is a common cause of jaundice. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E are enterically transmitted viral diseases. This study investigated an outbreak of viral hepatitis at Biratnagar, Morang district, Nepal, during April 2014. Materials & Methods: An expert team from Microbiology and Public health of BPKIHS inspected the area and blood samples from 90 suspected cases of jaundice were obtained and subjected for IgM and IgG antibody detection against HAV and HEV. Water samples from 10 different areas of affected region were also collected and checked for presence of coliform by membrane filtration method to confirm the suspicion of fecal contamination of water supply. Results: An outbreak Hepatitis E and Hepatitis A occurred in Biratnagar. Out of 90 blood samples, 45 were reactive for hepatitis E IgM, nine were reactive for Hepatitis A IgM. Three samples among these were reactive for both Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E. The liver function tests of the positive cases were deranged while the negative cases had normal LFT. Among the 10 water samples, five of them grew coliforms which confirmed the fecal contamination of drinking water supply. Conclusion: A large outbreak of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E occurred in a Biratnagar which had spread through the drinking of contaminated water. The outbreak was confirmed both by Epidemiology and Disease Control Division of Nepal government and BPKIHS which led to the identification of source and control of the outbreak.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"13 1","pages":"614-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83467556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osseous metaplasia of endometrium is a rare clinical entity charactised by presence of mature or immature bone in endometrium. Reported cases of endometrial ossification are associated with previous history of pregnancy or abortion in more than 80% cases. A 38 year old woman presented to our OPD with complaint of menorrhagia and pelvic pain for 6 years. On Ultrasound, two echogenic shadows were seen around 10mm and 12mm in endometrial cavity. Her diagnostic hysteroscopy was done which showed coral like bony spicules which were removed hysteroscopically under ultrasound guidance. She made an uneventful recovery. After more than 2 years follow up, the patient enjoys good health and has resumed regular menses.
{"title":"Osseous metaplasia of endometrium: A rare cause of menorrhagia","authors":"Ankita Singh, S. Basu, Seemalata Jain","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V8I11.4436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V8I11.4436","url":null,"abstract":"Osseous metaplasia of endometrium is a rare clinical entity charactised by presence of mature or immature bone in endometrium. Reported cases of endometrial ossification are associated with previous history of pregnancy or abortion in more than 80% cases. A 38 year old woman presented to our OPD with complaint of menorrhagia and pelvic pain for 6 years. On Ultrasound, two echogenic shadows were seen around 10mm and 12mm in endometrial cavity. Her diagnostic hysteroscopy was done which showed coral like bony spicules which were removed hysteroscopically under ultrasound guidance. She made an uneventful recovery. After more than 2 years follow up, the patient enjoys good health and has resumed regular menses.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"73 1","pages":"651-653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80640818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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