Background: Over the last few years fungal infection rates have increased and a change is seen in their epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility pattern. Hence this study was conducted to learn the distribution of Candida species in various samples and their antifungal susceptibility pattern. Material and Methods: A total of 60 Candida isolates were included in the study. Identification was done by colony morphology and Gram stain. Speciation was carried out by Germ-tube test, urease test, chlamydoconidia production test, colony characteristics on chromogenic agar medium, sugar assimilation test,sugar fermentation testand Vitek2 compact(Biomeriux, France) using ID-YST cards. Antifungal testing was done on Vitek2 compact using AST YS01 cards which included fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, caspofungin, micafungin and flucytosine. Results: 60 Candida isolates were included in this study. Samples from which Candida species were isolated were sputum (45%), urine (33.5%), pus (12%), vaginal swab (5%), endotracheal secretion (1.5%), blood (1.5%) and tissue (1.5%). Isolates from males and females were 30% and 70% respectively. Isolates from geriatric age group (>65 years) and adults (18-65 years) were 52% and 48% respectively. Isolates from samples received from IPD, OPD and ICU were 58%, 34% and 8% respectively. Out of all isolates, Candida albicans was 58%, Candida tropicalis 20%, Candida glabrata 10%, Candida parapsilosis 9% and Candida krusei 3%. All Candida species (except Candidaglabrata ) showed 100% sensitivity to amphotericin b and caspofungin. Sensitivity to azole group of drugs was 100% among NAC except C. glabrata and C. krusei and more than 90% among C. albicans . Conclusion: Candida albicans was the commonest isolate followed by C. tropicalis among the NAC . Overall also, C. Albicans were predominant as compared to Non albicans Candida ( NAC) species . All Candidaisolates except ( C. glabrata ) showed good sensitivity to all antifungals.
{"title":"Speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates in various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai","authors":"S. Jangla, R. Naidu, S. Patel","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I3.4678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I3.4678","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the last few years fungal infection rates have increased and a change is seen in their epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility pattern. Hence this study was conducted to learn the distribution of Candida species in various samples and their antifungal susceptibility pattern. Material and Methods: A total of 60 Candida isolates were included in the study. Identification was done by colony morphology and Gram stain. Speciation was carried out by Germ-tube test, urease test, chlamydoconidia production test, colony characteristics on chromogenic agar medium, sugar assimilation test,sugar fermentation testand Vitek2 compact(Biomeriux, France) using ID-YST cards. Antifungal testing was done on Vitek2 compact using AST YS01 cards which included fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, caspofungin, micafungin and flucytosine. Results: 60 Candida isolates were included in this study. Samples from which Candida species were isolated were sputum (45%), urine (33.5%), pus (12%), vaginal swab (5%), endotracheal secretion (1.5%), blood (1.5%) and tissue (1.5%). Isolates from males and females were 30% and 70% respectively. Isolates from geriatric age group (>65 years) and adults (18-65 years) were 52% and 48% respectively. Isolates from samples received from IPD, OPD and ICU were 58%, 34% and 8% respectively. Out of all isolates, Candida albicans was 58%, Candida tropicalis 20%, Candida glabrata 10%, Candida parapsilosis 9% and Candida krusei 3%. All Candida species (except Candidaglabrata ) showed 100% sensitivity to amphotericin b and caspofungin. Sensitivity to azole group of drugs was 100% among NAC except C. glabrata and C. krusei and more than 90% among C. albicans . Conclusion: Candida albicans was the commonest isolate followed by C. tropicalis among the NAC . Overall also, C. Albicans were predominant as compared to Non albicans Candida ( NAC) species . All Candidaisolates except ( C. glabrata ) showed good sensitivity to all antifungals.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"62 1","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80304867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Deo, Monica Agrawal, S. Jaiswar, P. Sankhwar, S. Babu, S. Sonalika, Nitu Nigam
Objectives : To evaluate the causes of puberty menorrhagia and effect of hormonal (Progestogens, estrogens and Combined Oral Contraceptive pills) and non-hormonal methods in the management of puberty menorrhagia. Methods : This prospective study included 51 subjects, who presented with puberty menorrhagia to Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow from August 2014 to August 2015. Assessment of each case with thorough history, physical examination and laboratory investigations was done. The underlying cause was diagnosed and the relevant treatment started and subjects kept under regular follow up. Results : In 26 (50.98%) subjects, immaturity of hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis was the main cause of pubertymenorrhagia, 6 (11.76%) subjects had hypothroidism,5 (9.80%) subjects had polycystic ovarian syndrome, 4 (7.8%) subjects had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 2 (3.9%) subjects had disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, 3 (5.88%) subjects had hyperprolactinemia, 3 (5.88%) subjects had both hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia, 2(3.92%) subjects had fibroid uterus. All patients responded to medical management. Conclusion : Puberty menorrhagia is a distressing condition both for the subject as well as her parents. Most of thecases are due to anovulatory cycles which is a self-limiting condition at perimenarchal age group. Counseling and reassurance ofthe subjects is an important part of management. Long term medical treatment is successful in the majority of cases and rarely surgical intervention is required. Blood transfusion is required in a few cases.
{"title":"Evaluation of etiological factors and management of puberty menorrhagia","authors":"S. Deo, Monica Agrawal, S. Jaiswar, P. Sankhwar, S. Babu, S. Sonalika, Nitu Nigam","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I3.4662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I3.4662","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : To evaluate the causes of puberty menorrhagia and effect of hormonal (Progestogens, estrogens and Combined Oral Contraceptive pills) and non-hormonal methods in the management of puberty menorrhagia. Methods : This prospective study included 51 subjects, who presented with puberty menorrhagia to Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow from August 2014 to August 2015. Assessment of each case with thorough history, physical examination and laboratory investigations was done. The underlying cause was diagnosed and the relevant treatment started and subjects kept under regular follow up. Results : In 26 (50.98%) subjects, immaturity of hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis was the main cause of pubertymenorrhagia, 6 (11.76%) subjects had hypothroidism,5 (9.80%) subjects had polycystic ovarian syndrome, 4 (7.8%) subjects had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 2 (3.9%) subjects had disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, 3 (5.88%) subjects had hyperprolactinemia, 3 (5.88%) subjects had both hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia, 2(3.92%) subjects had fibroid uterus. All patients responded to medical management. Conclusion : Puberty menorrhagia is a distressing condition both for the subject as well as her parents. Most of thecases are due to anovulatory cycles which is a self-limiting condition at perimenarchal age group. Counseling and reassurance ofthe subjects is an important part of management. Long term medical treatment is successful in the majority of cases and rarely surgical intervention is required. Blood transfusion is required in a few cases.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":"112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91330671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTObjective- To report our experience of aetiology, diagnosis, management and outcomes of uncommon male urethral diverticula managed at a single institute.Patients and Methods: After due approval from local ethical committee the case records of 8 male patients including a child presenting with urethral diverticula in a 10 year period (2002-2012) were retrospectively analysed with regard to presentation, diagnosis, management and outcomes.Results: A total of eight patients were identified having been managed for a urethral diverticulum during the period. Of the eight patients one was congenital diverticulum and rest acquired. A child aged 10 years, presented with straining to void and inability to empty the bladder and was diagnosed to have anterior urethral valve located at peno-scrotal junction. The valves were endoscopically resected and diverticulum de-roofed. The child recovered with good outcome of good flow and emptying of bladder. Patients with acquired diverticula, presented at a mean age of 42 years (25-60 years). The presentation was similar with two patients presenting with acute retention. The Aetiological factors included Trauma, Previous urethral surgeries like Visual internal urethrotomy and infection. The common site of diverticula was peno-scrotal junction, followed by distal penile urethra. Two patients were treated with primary excision and establishment of urethral continuity and rest with two stage procedures. The outcome was poor in one patient of primary excision who presented later with stricture at the anastamotic site.Conclusions: Unlike in female population, male urethral diverticula are uncommon but should always be thought of in young men with obstructive urinary symptoms and in those with a past history straddle injuries. Treatment if individualized leads to good outcomes.
{"title":"Symptomatic Male Urethral Diverticula- Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.","authors":"E. Sharma, J. Ratkal","doi":"10.7439/ijbr.v9i3.4661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v9i3.4661","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTObjective- To report our experience of aetiology, diagnosis, management and outcomes of uncommon male urethral diverticula managed at a single institute.Patients and Methods: After due approval from local ethical committee the case records of 8 male patients including a child presenting with urethral diverticula in a 10 year period (2002-2012) were retrospectively analysed with regard to presentation, diagnosis, management and outcomes.Results: A total of eight patients were identified having been managed for a urethral diverticulum during the period. Of the eight patients one was congenital diverticulum and rest acquired. A child aged 10 years, presented with straining to void and inability to empty the bladder and was diagnosed to have anterior urethral valve located at peno-scrotal junction. The valves were endoscopically resected and diverticulum de-roofed. The child recovered with good outcome of good flow and emptying of bladder. Patients with acquired diverticula, presented at a mean age of 42 years (25-60 years). The presentation was similar with two patients presenting with acute retention. The Aetiological factors included Trauma, Previous urethral surgeries like Visual internal urethrotomy and infection. The common site of diverticula was peno-scrotal junction, followed by distal penile urethra. Two patients were treated with primary excision and establishment of urethral continuity and rest with two stage procedures. The outcome was poor in one patient of primary excision who presented later with stricture at the anastamotic site.Conclusions: Unlike in female population, male urethral diverticula are uncommon but should always be thought of in young men with obstructive urinary symptoms and in those with a past history straddle injuries. Treatment if individualized leads to good outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"37 1","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88360470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to find out the role and effectiveness of DIPSI guidelines as a replacement for other more time consuming and cost effective methods for detecting gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM) in the Indian population and to compare outcome between GDM and non GDM population. Methods: A total of 345 women were selected of low risk category between the gestational ages of 24 to 28 weeks and were subjected to screening for gestational diabetes by DIPSI guidelines. A 75mg oral glucose load was given irrespective of their last Meal timing followed by blood glucose estimation by glucose oxidase – peroxidase method. A report of ≥140mg/dl were labeled as GDM as per DIPSI guidelines. Results: Out of 345 subjects screened, 30 (8.7%) were positive for GDM. The false positives encountered with DIPSI were 0.57% (2/345) and another 2 cases (0.57%) were false negative by DIPSI criteria. The rate of LSCS and rate of macrosomia was significantly higher in GDM population (30% and 33.33% respectively) as compared to general population (4.4% and 2.5% respectively). In GDM group 23.3% (7) had Shoulder Dystocia compared with 0.6% (2) in the normal population. 10% were breech compared with only 0.2% in the general population with 1 IUFD requiring hysterotomy. The rates of CPD were also higher (3.3%) than the general population (1.5%). A total of 19 neonates required NICU admission of which 11 were IDM. 36.66% of IDM required NICU admission as compared to only 2.5% of the non diabetic population. Conclusions: DIPSI guidelines can use as a replacement for other more resource and time consuming and costly methods like ADA criteria for the detection of GDM in the low resource settings in developing countries.
{"title":"Screening for Gestational Diabetes by DIPSI Guidelines","authors":"Aditi Phulpagar, P. Deshmukh, Anurag Gunderia","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I3.4724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I3.4724","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to find out the role and effectiveness of DIPSI guidelines as a replacement for other more time consuming and cost effective methods for detecting gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM) in the Indian population and to compare outcome between GDM and non GDM population. Methods: A total of 345 women were selected of low risk category between the gestational ages of 24 to 28 weeks and were subjected to screening for gestational diabetes by DIPSI guidelines. A 75mg oral glucose load was given irrespective of their last Meal timing followed by blood glucose estimation by glucose oxidase – peroxidase method. A report of ≥140mg/dl were labeled as GDM as per DIPSI guidelines. Results: Out of 345 subjects screened, 30 (8.7%) were positive for GDM. The false positives encountered with DIPSI were 0.57% (2/345) and another 2 cases (0.57%) were false negative by DIPSI criteria. The rate of LSCS and rate of macrosomia was significantly higher in GDM population (30% and 33.33% respectively) as compared to general population (4.4% and 2.5% respectively). In GDM group 23.3% (7) had Shoulder Dystocia compared with 0.6% (2) in the normal population. 10% were breech compared with only 0.2% in the general population with 1 IUFD requiring hysterotomy. The rates of CPD were also higher (3.3%) than the general population (1.5%). A total of 19 neonates required NICU admission of which 11 were IDM. 36.66% of IDM required NICU admission as compared to only 2.5% of the non diabetic population. Conclusions: DIPSI guidelines can use as a replacement for other more resource and time consuming and costly methods like ADA criteria for the detection of GDM in the low resource settings in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"31 1","pages":"121-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90980019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context : Thyroid disorders have widespread systemic manifestations including their effects on body mineral homeostasis in many different ways. Thyroid hormones control urinary excretion of minerals like Magnesium, zinc, sodium, potassium etc and minerals like Zn helps in peripheral conversion of inactive T4 to its active T3 form. Electrolyte abnormality is a common finding in the patients with thyroid dysfunction which can effect the disease morbidity. Aims & Objective : The present study was carried out to access the importance of Electrolyte status in the study subjects and to use the information for lowering the mortality and morbidity associated with the disease process. Materials &Methods : The study population was divided into normal control group consisting of 40 healthy individuals and a test group consisting of 80 patients out of whom 40 were diagnosed to be having primary hypothyroidism and 40 to be having primary hyperthyroidism. Electrolyte status was assessed by serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum magnesium, serum zinc, serum sodium and serum potassium Results : There is a significant increase in levels of serum calcium and phosphorus in group-II (P<0.001) and significant decrease in their levels in group-I (P<0.001) compared to control. Serum Magnesium showed a significant decrease in test groups-II (P<0.001) and increase in test group-I (P<0.001) compared to controls. Serum sodium showed significant decrease in test group-I (P<0.001) and test group-II (P=0.007) but the study did not show any significant difference in level of serum zinc and potassium in test group-I and II when compared to controls. Conclusion : Thyroid dysfunction results in an array of electrolyte abnormalities which increases the morbidity and mortality of the disease process. By proper maintenance of the electrolytes within normal limit, we can employ preventive strategies for better management of the patients and thereby improve their survival.
{"title":"Study of Electrolyte status in patients with Thyroid dysfunction attending a tertiary care hospital of North Bengal.","authors":"I. Nath, S. Bhattacharyya, M. Saha","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4597","url":null,"abstract":"Context : Thyroid disorders have widespread systemic manifestations including their effects on body mineral homeostasis in many different ways. Thyroid hormones control urinary excretion of minerals like Magnesium, zinc, sodium, potassium etc and minerals like Zn helps in peripheral conversion of inactive T4 to its active T3 form. Electrolyte abnormality is a common finding in the patients with thyroid dysfunction which can effect the disease morbidity. Aims & Objective : The present study was carried out to access the importance of Electrolyte status in the study subjects and to use the information for lowering the mortality and morbidity associated with the disease process. Materials &Methods : The study population was divided into normal control group consisting of 40 healthy individuals and a test group consisting of 80 patients out of whom 40 were diagnosed to be having primary hypothyroidism and 40 to be having primary hyperthyroidism. Electrolyte status was assessed by serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum magnesium, serum zinc, serum sodium and serum potassium Results : There is a significant increase in levels of serum calcium and phosphorus in group-II (P<0.001) and significant decrease in their levels in group-I (P<0.001) compared to control. Serum Magnesium showed a significant decrease in test groups-II (P<0.001) and increase in test group-I (P<0.001) compared to controls. Serum sodium showed significant decrease in test group-I (P<0.001) and test group-II (P=0.007) but the study did not show any significant difference in level of serum zinc and potassium in test group-I and II when compared to controls. Conclusion : Thyroid dysfunction results in an array of electrolyte abnormalities which increases the morbidity and mortality of the disease process. By proper maintenance of the electrolytes within normal limit, we can employ preventive strategies for better management of the patients and thereby improve their survival.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"117 1","pages":"72-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79515639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: In a high risk population where chances of adverse outcome are relatively high and almost all the pregnancies are under strict monitoring, biophysical profiling further helps to identify adverse outcome and thus a basis for intervention. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of modified biophysical profile in high risk pregnancies and fetal outcome. Methods: Total 125 high risk pregnancies and were monitored for modified biophysical profiling from GA 34 weeks onwards. AFI<8 and non-reactive NST were considered as abnormal BPP. Apgar <7 at 5 min, MSL, NNU admission and neonatal death were considered as adverse fetal outcomes. Chi-square test was used to compare the data. Results: Mean age was 24.32±4.37 (range 19-35) years. Mean age at enrolment was 35.23±1.78 weeks. A total of 41 (32.8%) patients had AFI<8. Non-reactive NST was seen in 52 (41.6%) patients. Overall abnormal biophysical profile (NR-NST/AFI<8) was seen in 62 (49.6%) patients. Incidence of meconium stained liquor, Apgar<7 at 5m, NNU admission and NNU expiry was 15.2%, 20.8%, 26.4% and 4.0% respectively. NST and overall BPP showed a statistically significant association with all the outcomes however, AFI failed to show a significant association with NNU expiry. For all the outcomes NST had higher sensitivity as compared to AFI. Combined BPP showed a higher sensitivity than either of two components. Conclusion: Modified BPP was found to be useful in identification of adverse fetal outcomes, thus highlighting its role in planning interventions to avert extreme events. Keywords:
{"title":"The role of modified biophysical profile in high risk pregnancies and fetal outcome","authors":"Monica Agrawal, Nitu Nigam, Sangeeta Goel, Naheed Khan","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4625","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In a high risk population where chances of adverse outcome are relatively high and almost all the pregnancies are under strict monitoring, biophysical profiling further helps to identify adverse outcome and thus a basis for intervention. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of modified biophysical profile in high risk pregnancies and fetal outcome. Methods: Total 125 high risk pregnancies and were monitored for modified biophysical profiling from GA 34 weeks onwards. AFI<8 and non-reactive NST were considered as abnormal BPP. Apgar <7 at 5 min, MSL, NNU admission and neonatal death were considered as adverse fetal outcomes. Chi-square test was used to compare the data. Results: Mean age was 24.32±4.37 (range 19-35) years. Mean age at enrolment was 35.23±1.78 weeks. A total of 41 (32.8%) patients had AFI<8. Non-reactive NST was seen in 52 (41.6%) patients. Overall abnormal biophysical profile (NR-NST/AFI<8) was seen in 62 (49.6%) patients. Incidence of meconium stained liquor, Apgar<7 at 5m, NNU admission and NNU expiry was 15.2%, 20.8%, 26.4% and 4.0% respectively. NST and overall BPP showed a statistically significant association with all the outcomes however, AFI failed to show a significant association with NNU expiry. For all the outcomes NST had higher sensitivity as compared to AFI. Combined BPP showed a higher sensitivity than either of two components. Conclusion: Modified BPP was found to be useful in identification of adverse fetal outcomes, thus highlighting its role in planning interventions to avert extreme events. Keywords:","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"10 1","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81690694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archana Agarwa, R. Lakhotia, Somnath Longwani, S. Srivastava, A. Srivastava, J. Bogra
Objective: Analgesic adjuvants, clonidine and fentanyl have decreased the requirements the local anaesthesia and prolonged the effects of the analgesia. The purpose of this study was compare the intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl as adjuvant to levobupivacaine in terms of efficacy, safety and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Methods: This prospective study is conducted is sixty lower limb surgery patients, divided into two group C: 2.5ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine with either 30μg of clonidine and group F: 2.5ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine with either 15μg of fentanyl intrathecally. The hemodynamic parameters, onset and duration of sensory and motor block, total analgesia time and side effects were statistically analyzed using unpaired t -tests and Chi-square test. Results : The onset of sensory and motor were statistically similar in both group F and group C. The duration of sensory and motor block were significantly higher (p <0.001) in group C as compared to group F. The highest level sensory block was comparable in both group (p=0.918). Time reach max level and rescue analgesia were higher in group C (146.33±10.44 and 513.33±22.18 respectively) as compared to group F (139.17±7.09 and 428.50±25.53 respectively). Conclusions: Intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl as adjuvant to levobupivacaine provide adequate anaesthesia for lower abdominal surgeries. Clonidine as an adjuvant provided prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared to fentanyl.
{"title":"A comparison of fentanyl and clonidine as adjuvants to intrathecal levobupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing for lower limb surgery","authors":"Archana Agarwa, R. Lakhotia, Somnath Longwani, S. Srivastava, A. Srivastava, J. Bogra","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4622","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Analgesic adjuvants, clonidine and fentanyl have decreased the requirements the local anaesthesia and prolonged the effects of the analgesia. The purpose of this study was compare the intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl as adjuvant to levobupivacaine in terms of efficacy, safety and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Methods: This prospective study is conducted is sixty lower limb surgery patients, divided into two group C: 2.5ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine with either 30μg of clonidine and group F: 2.5ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine with either 15μg of fentanyl intrathecally. The hemodynamic parameters, onset and duration of sensory and motor block, total analgesia time and side effects were statistically analyzed using unpaired t -tests and Chi-square test. Results : The onset of sensory and motor were statistically similar in both group F and group C. The duration of sensory and motor block were significantly higher (p <0.001) in group C as compared to group F. The highest level sensory block was comparable in both group (p=0.918). Time reach max level and rescue analgesia were higher in group C (146.33±10.44 and 513.33±22.18 respectively) as compared to group F (139.17±7.09 and 428.50±25.53 respectively). Conclusions: Intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl as adjuvant to levobupivacaine provide adequate anaesthesia for lower abdominal surgeries. Clonidine as an adjuvant provided prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared to fentanyl.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"79 1","pages":"76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79288625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nayak, Namrata Yeole, Meenal S Sarmalkar, Madhuri Mehendale
Placenta previa percreta with urinary bladder invasion is a rare but a potentially lethal condition. It is one of the leading causes of intractable postpartum haemorrhage requiring obstetric hysterectomy. The incidence of placenta percreta has dramatically increased due to increase in caesarean section rate. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality both in mother and fetus. Hence, we present a case report on placenta previa percreta involving bladder who underwent uterine artery embolisation followed by obstetric hysterectomy.
{"title":"A case report on placenta previa percreta involving urinary bladder","authors":"A. Nayak, Namrata Yeole, Meenal S Sarmalkar, Madhuri Mehendale","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4668","url":null,"abstract":"Placenta previa percreta with urinary bladder invasion is a rare but a potentially lethal condition. It is one of the leading causes of intractable postpartum haemorrhage requiring obstetric hysterectomy. The incidence of placenta percreta has dramatically increased due to increase in caesarean section rate. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality both in mother and fetus. Hence, we present a case report on placenta previa percreta involving bladder who underwent uterine artery embolisation followed by obstetric hysterectomy.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"26 1","pages":"93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77361399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Chronic kidney disease typically evolves over many years, with a long latent period when the disease is clinically silent. Diagnosis, progression and treatment of renal impairment are based mainly on biomarkers that assess kidney function. There are a number of drugs used in the therapeutics which possesses nephrotoxic properties. But till date there is no nephroprotective drug available in therapeutics. In recent years the popularity of the herbal drugs is increased for their safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. They have also gain importance in the drug development research. Present study has been focused to evaluate the preventive effect of the ethanolic extract of Sunderban mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. leaves (RME) against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in experimental animal model. Methods: In-vivo nephrotoxic model was developed using a single dose of Cisplatin (5mg/kg i.p.) in rats. The extract (RME) was administered in different doses orally for consecutive 14 days and different biochemical parameters were evaluated at the end of the study. Results: The extract (RME) significantly reduced the urine output, kidney weight, urinary microprotein, microalbumin, elevated serum urea, creatinine levels than the nephrotoxic control rats. RME at the doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight orally also had significant nephroprotective activity. Conclusion: Present study results indicated the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. leaves in Cisplatin induced nephrotoxic model in rats. The amelioration of the nephrotoxicity might be mediated by the secondary metabolites of the plant extract, possessing significant antioxidant property.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of beneficial potential of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. leaves in Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic animal model","authors":"A. Adhikari, M. Ray, T. Sur, R. Roy, A. Das","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4645","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Chronic kidney disease typically evolves over many years, with a long latent period when the disease is clinically silent. Diagnosis, progression and treatment of renal impairment are based mainly on biomarkers that assess kidney function. There are a number of drugs used in the therapeutics which possesses nephrotoxic properties. But till date there is no nephroprotective drug available in therapeutics. In recent years the popularity of the herbal drugs is increased for their safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. They have also gain importance in the drug development research. Present study has been focused to evaluate the preventive effect of the ethanolic extract of Sunderban mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. leaves (RME) against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in experimental animal model. Methods: In-vivo nephrotoxic model was developed using a single dose of Cisplatin (5mg/kg i.p.) in rats. The extract (RME) was administered in different doses orally for consecutive 14 days and different biochemical parameters were evaluated at the end of the study. Results: The extract (RME) significantly reduced the urine output, kidney weight, urinary microprotein, microalbumin, elevated serum urea, creatinine levels than the nephrotoxic control rats. RME at the doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight orally also had significant nephroprotective activity. Conclusion: Present study results indicated the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. leaves in Cisplatin induced nephrotoxic model in rats. The amelioration of the nephrotoxicity might be mediated by the secondary metabolites of the plant extract, possessing significant antioxidant property.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"17 1","pages":"88-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89385067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gouri Priyanka Gollapalli, Naveen Baratam, H. Balla
In recent years public health research has increasingly focused upon exploring the social determinants of health. Many health education interventions have been influenced by health behavior research based upon psychological theories and models. These theories focus at an individual level and seek to explore cognitive and affective processes determining behavior and lifestyle. Current psychological theories have only a limited value in the development of public health action on altering the underlying social determinants of health. New theoretical approaches have however, emerged which explore the relationship between the social environment and health. This paper aims to review and highlight the potential value to oral health promotion by public health theoretical approaches called Life Course Approach which analyses the complex ways in which biological risk interacts with economic, social and psychological factors in the development of chronic disease throughout the whole life course.
{"title":"Life Course Approach: A Review","authors":"Gouri Priyanka Gollapalli, Naveen Baratam, H. Balla","doi":"10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJBR.V9I2.4524","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years public health research has increasingly focused upon exploring the social determinants of health. Many health education interventions have been influenced by health behavior research based upon psychological theories and models. These theories focus at an individual level and seek to explore cognitive and affective processes determining behavior and lifestyle. Current psychological theories have only a limited value in the development of public health action on altering the underlying social determinants of health. New theoretical approaches have however, emerged which explore the relationship between the social environment and health. This paper aims to review and highlight the potential value to oral health promotion by public health theoretical approaches called Life Course Approach which analyses the complex ways in which biological risk interacts with economic, social and psychological factors in the development of chronic disease throughout the whole life course.","PeriodicalId":13909,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical research","volume":"49 3 1","pages":"63-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84688328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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