Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.5
V. Sagar, Nitin Kumar, Ashutosh Kumar, Santosh Kumar
Introduction: Floating knee, referred to as ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia, is usually associated with several complications and mortality. This study was designed to present our experience with treatment of this injury. Demographic parameters like age, sex, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, method and results of treatment, and complications of floating knee are discussed Material and Methods: This Prospective study was performed between January 2014-July 2016. All patients with floating knee injuries who were admitted to the PMCH fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The information about the 20 cases of floating knee injuries were gathered, particularly the demographic parameters, mode of injury, bones involved, condition of skin, other associated injuries and their neurovascular status. The patients were followed for a minimum of one year duration and functional outcome was assessed. Result: Most of the patients were between 21-30years of age (45%). The floating knee injuries were more common in males (85%). FraserType I fracture was observed in 70% of cases. Roadtraffic accidents(RTA) was the most common cause of such injuries. 18 out of 20(90%) cases were having associated injuries while only 10%were cases of isolated floating knee. The most common early and late complications were infection and knee stiffness respectively. The final outcome as per Karlstrom criteria was excellent and good in 11 out of 14 cases of Fraser type I fracture and in 3 out of 6 cases of Fraser type II fracture, and this was statistically significant (P=0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that the complication rate associated with floating knee injuries remain high and the prognosis mostly depends on type of injury and associated injuries. This study also advocates early aggressive approach for management of these injuries.
{"title":"Outcomes of Surgical Management of Floating Knee Injuries","authors":"V. Sagar, Nitin Kumar, Ashutosh Kumar, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Floating knee, referred to as ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia, is usually associated with several complications and mortality. This study was designed to present our experience with treatment of this injury. Demographic parameters like age, sex, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, method and results of treatment, and complications of floating knee are discussed Material and Methods: This Prospective study was performed between January 2014-July 2016. All patients with floating knee injuries who were admitted to the PMCH fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The information about the 20 cases of floating knee injuries were gathered, particularly the demographic parameters, mode of injury, bones involved, condition of skin, other associated injuries and their neurovascular status. The patients were followed for a minimum of one year duration and functional outcome was assessed. Result: Most of the patients were between 21-30years of age (45%). The floating knee injuries were more common in males (85%). FraserType I fracture was observed in 70% of cases. Roadtraffic accidents(RTA) was the most common cause of such injuries. 18 out of 20(90%) cases were having associated injuries while only 10%were cases of isolated floating knee. The most common early and late complications were infection and knee stiffness respectively. The final outcome as per Karlstrom criteria was excellent and good in 11 out of 14 cases of Fraser type I fracture and in 3 out of 6 cases of Fraser type II fracture, and this was statistically significant (P=0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that the complication rate associated with floating knee injuries remain high and the prognosis mostly depends on type of injury and associated injuries. This study also advocates early aggressive approach for management of these injuries.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82318204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.8
D. Satyanarayana, N. Anusha, R. Bhagawan
Introduction: Hyperventilation syndrome refers to a collection of physical and emotional symptoms, brought about by hyperventilation. Though it is a relatively common presentation to the emergency department, there are only a few studies on hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) especially from India. This study aims at studying the factors associated with hyperventilation syndrome in the current study population. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 83 patients with HVS. Patient responses were recorded on Nijmegen questionnaire and Perceived stress scale and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Study population included 83 patients, 78.32% of the populations were females and 21.68% were males. The mean age of the population is 19.28 years. 66.26% were adolescents, 81.92% are students and 68.67% were residing in hostel. 12.05% had previous episodes of hyperventilation. Carpo-pedal spasm was the presenting symptom in 40.96% population and exams were the cause of stress for 32.5% population. The mean score on perceived stress scale is 24.92. 59.03% had moderate and 38.55% had severe stress as per scores on perceived stress scale. Conclusion: High student population presenting with HVS and exams being the precipitating stressor, high scores on perceived stress scale emphasizes the need to address the need for stress free curriculum and greater insights in to the issue.
{"title":"Hyperventilation Syndrome","authors":"D. Satyanarayana, N. Anusha, R. Bhagawan","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hyperventilation syndrome refers to a collection of physical and emotional symptoms, brought about by hyperventilation. Though it is a relatively common presentation to the emergency department, there are only a few studies on hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) especially from India. This study aims at studying the factors associated with hyperventilation syndrome in the current study population. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 83 patients with HVS. Patient responses were recorded on Nijmegen questionnaire and Perceived stress scale and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Study population included 83 patients, 78.32% of the populations were females and 21.68% were males. The mean age of the population is 19.28 years. 66.26% were adolescents, 81.92% are students and 68.67% were residing in hostel. 12.05% had previous episodes of hyperventilation. Carpo-pedal spasm was the presenting symptom in 40.96% population and exams were the cause of stress for 32.5% population. The mean score on perceived stress scale is 24.92. 59.03% had moderate and 38.55% had severe stress as per scores on perceived stress scale. Conclusion: High student population presenting with HVS and exams being the precipitating stressor, high scores on perceived stress scale emphasizes the need to address the need for stress free curriculum and greater insights in to the issue.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83959602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.26
T. PrathibhaDivyaRadha, A. P.S, Sukumaran Annamalai
Chronic complications or the long-term side effects of diabetes mellitus includes microvascular complications which affects smaller blood vessels such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and macrovascular complications which affects larger blood vessels supplying the heart, brain, and extremities. Prevalence of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) in diabetes ranges between 20% and 30%. Endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, inflammation, impaired platelet function and abnormal coagulation are the other key factors in progression of PVD in diabetes. Ankle Brachial Index can be used as a screening tool at regular intervals. Apart from the intensified multifactorial treatment of all modifiable risk factors, intensive therapy targeted at glycemic control and other modifiable cardiovascular risk factor is needed to prevent micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes, especially PVD.
{"title":"Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Vascular Disease","authors":"T. PrathibhaDivyaRadha, A. P.S, Sukumaran Annamalai","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.7.26","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic complications or the long-term side effects of diabetes mellitus includes microvascular complications which affects smaller blood vessels such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and macrovascular complications which affects larger blood vessels supplying the heart, brain, and extremities. Prevalence of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) in diabetes ranges between 20% and 30%. Endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, inflammation, impaired platelet function and abnormal coagulation are the other key factors in progression of PVD in diabetes. Ankle Brachial Index can be used as a screening tool at regular intervals. Apart from the intensified multifactorial treatment of all modifiable risk factors, intensive therapy targeted at glycemic control and other modifiable cardiovascular risk factor is needed to prevent micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes, especially PVD.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74104484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.12
A. Mohanty, C. Pradhan, Jitendra Sarangi, Anuraag Mohanty
Introduction: Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus is a rare condition that can create challenges for both the patient and the treating surgeon. Arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (i.e. microfracture, drilling) is a well-accepted and proven technique to allow fibrocartilage differentiation and thereby provide infill at the site of a cartilage defect in several joints, including the ankle. The aim of our study was to examine the role of arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation techniques as a means of treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus. Material and methods: Thirty two ankles were identified between January 2012 and January 2020 with talus OCD that underwent arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation. Each lesion was classified according to the Berndt and Harty classification. Study patients were evaluated at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and annually after surgery. Assessments via a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain during daily activities and sport activity and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system were obtained at each visit. Result: There were 25 men and 4 women of average age 35 years (range 17–50) and mean body mass index (BMI) 22 kg/ m2 (range 20–34) at the time of surgery. Quantitative MRI measurements on 3D FSPGR Sequence showed that mean area of the lesions were 0.801 ± 0.505 cm2. Mean AOFAS scores improved from 66 points (range 53–77) preoperatively to 90 points (range 83–100) at final follow-up (p<0.05) and mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores from 6 points (range 5–8) to 2 points (range 0–5) with p value <0.05 which is statistically significant. Conclusion: Arthroscopic management of osteochondral lesions of the talus has the advantages of better cosmetic results, less pain, and less surgical trauma. This technique is technically demanding and should be reserved for the experienced foot and ankle arthroscopist.
{"title":"Outcome of Arthroscopic Bone Marrow Stimulation in Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talus in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"A. Mohanty, C. Pradhan, Jitendra Sarangi, Anuraag Mohanty","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus is a rare condition that can create challenges for both the patient and the treating surgeon. Arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (i.e. microfracture, drilling) is a well-accepted and proven technique to allow fibrocartilage differentiation and thereby provide infill at the site of a cartilage defect in several joints, including the ankle. The aim of our study was to examine the role of arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation techniques as a means of treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus. Material and methods: Thirty two ankles were identified between January 2012 and January 2020 with talus OCD that underwent arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation. Each lesion was classified according to the Berndt and Harty classification. Study patients were evaluated at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and annually after surgery. Assessments via a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain during daily activities and sport activity and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system were obtained at each visit. Result: There were 25 men and 4 women of average age 35 years (range 17–50) and mean body mass index (BMI) 22 kg/ m2 (range 20–34) at the time of surgery. Quantitative MRI measurements on 3D FSPGR Sequence showed that mean area of the lesions were 0.801 ± 0.505 cm2. Mean AOFAS scores improved from 66 points (range 53–77) preoperatively to 90 points (range 83–100) at final follow-up (p<0.05) and mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores from 6 points (range 5–8) to 2 points (range 0–5) with p value <0.05 which is statistically significant. Conclusion: Arthroscopic management of osteochondral lesions of the talus has the advantages of better cosmetic results, less pain, and less surgical trauma. This technique is technically demanding and should be reserved for the experienced foot and ankle arthroscopist.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77581514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.25
N. N. Das, S. Lakhotia
Introduction: Atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are most common congenital acyanotic heart diseases. Surgery is the gold standard treatment for these defects. Percutaneous device closure is now getting popular for closure of these defects (Ostium Secundum ASD, PDA, muscular VSD). Device dislodgement, migration and embolization is a cause of failure in this procedure. For this emergency surgical retrieval of migrated device becomes necessary at times. Here two different scenarios of failed device closure of ASD are presented who required emergency surgical retrieval of device. Case report: In the first case the device got embolized into the main pulmonary artery which was retrieved surgically and his post-operative period was uneventful. In the second case the device got embolized into right ventricle. Surgically the device was retrieved but post operatively the patient was found to have CVA from which she recovered gradually and discharged. Conclusion: Proper assessment of defect size and rim around the defect is necessary. Devices of all sizes should be available with the team doing the procedure. During implantation in case of unsatisfactory device position it should be retrieved and elective surgical closure should be planned. Surgeons should be kept in backup in all catheter based procedure.
{"title":"Percutaneous ASD Closure Requiring Emergency Surgical Removal of Embolized Cardiac Occluder Devices","authors":"N. N. Das, S. Lakhotia","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are most common congenital acyanotic heart diseases. Surgery is the gold standard treatment for these defects. Percutaneous device closure is now getting popular for closure of these defects (Ostium Secundum ASD, PDA, muscular VSD). Device dislodgement, migration and embolization is a cause of failure in this procedure. For this emergency surgical retrieval of migrated device becomes necessary at times. Here two different scenarios of failed device closure of ASD are presented who required emergency surgical retrieval of device. Case report: In the first case the device got embolized into the main pulmonary artery which was retrieved surgically and his post-operative period was uneventful. In the second case the device got embolized into right ventricle. Surgically the device was retrieved but post operatively the patient was found to have CVA from which she recovered gradually and discharged. Conclusion: Proper assessment of defect size and rim around the defect is necessary. Devices of all sizes should be available with the team doing the procedure. During implantation in case of unsatisfactory device position it should be retrieved and elective surgical closure should be planned. Surgeons should be kept in backup in all catheter based procedure.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81353213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.30
M. A. Habib, A. Chowdhury, Kawser Hossen, Tanbir Kibria, M. Hossain
Introduction: Nowadays, eating fast food and spending money on home away foods have been increased rapidly. As a result, the prevalence rate of both fast food consumption and overweight/obesity has been raised then previously. Material and methods: In an analytical cross-sectional study, 106 students (50 males and 56 females) were selected randomly from two largest schools in Dhaka, center of Bangladesh, studying in primary, secondary, or middle school programs in 2020 between ages 5 and 15. Data collection was conducted by a prepared fast food questionnaire and anthropometric measures including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). T-test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. results: According to our results, overweight and obesity prevalence based on BMI in males was 24% (95% CI: 7.99, 8.44) and 34% (95% CI: 8.22, 9.65) respectively while in females was 12.5% (95% CI: 8.07, 9.06) and 14.3% (95% CI: 8.04, 9.7) respectively. According to our results, 40.56% (44% in males vs 37.5% in females) had at least one type of fast food consumption in the recent week including noodles (31.8%), chips (37.1%), burger (15.9%), pizza (5.3%), sandwich (8.48%), rissole (19.08%), potato rissole (15.9%), fried chicken (10.6%), french fries (16.96), chickpea (11.66%), water balls (13.78%), mixed crispy (16.96%), cake (21.2%), pastry (10.6%), chocolate (12.72%), ice cream (15.9%), sweets (9.54%), and cold drinks (20.14%). Fast-food consumption for at least 3-4 days (OR: 10.66, 95% CI = 2.26– 50.24) and 5-6 days (OR: 2.89, 95% CI = 1.14–7.32) in a week was related to BMI cut-off points for all males and females (P<0.05) respectively. But fast-food sources were related to BMI cut-off points for all males (P<0.05) only. Conclusion: The prevalence of fast food consumption and obesity/overweight in Bangladeshi students is high and so healthy food and improved nutrition should be a high priority on every school agenda.
{"title":"Fast Food Intake and Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity in Students: do Eating Habits have a Differential Impact on Gender?","authors":"M. A. Habib, A. Chowdhury, Kawser Hossen, Tanbir Kibria, M. Hossain","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nowadays, eating fast food and spending money on home away foods have been increased rapidly. As a result, the prevalence rate of both fast food consumption and overweight/obesity has been raised then previously. Material and methods: In an analytical cross-sectional study, 106 students (50 males and 56 females) were selected randomly from two largest schools in Dhaka, center of Bangladesh, studying in primary, secondary, or middle school programs in 2020 between ages 5 and 15. Data collection was conducted by a prepared fast food questionnaire and anthropometric measures including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). T-test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. results: According to our results, overweight and obesity prevalence based on BMI in males was 24% (95% CI: 7.99, 8.44) and 34% (95% CI: 8.22, 9.65) respectively while in females was 12.5% (95% CI: 8.07, 9.06) and 14.3% (95% CI: 8.04, 9.7) respectively. According to our results, 40.56% (44% in males vs 37.5% in females) had at least one type of fast food consumption in the recent week including noodles (31.8%), chips (37.1%), burger (15.9%), pizza (5.3%), sandwich (8.48%), rissole (19.08%), potato rissole (15.9%), fried chicken (10.6%), french fries (16.96), chickpea (11.66%), water balls (13.78%), mixed crispy (16.96%), cake (21.2%), pastry (10.6%), chocolate (12.72%), ice cream (15.9%), sweets (9.54%), and cold drinks (20.14%). Fast-food consumption for at least 3-4 days (OR: 10.66, 95% CI = 2.26– 50.24) and 5-6 days (OR: 2.89, 95% CI = 1.14–7.32) in a week was related to BMI cut-off points for all males and females (P<0.05) respectively. But fast-food sources were related to BMI cut-off points for all males (P<0.05) only. Conclusion: The prevalence of fast food consumption and obesity/overweight in Bangladeshi students is high and so healthy food and improved nutrition should be a high priority on every school agenda.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88849666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.28
A. Chowdhury, A. Debnath, A. Saha
Introduction: Surgical removal of eye (enucleation) may cause disfigurement of the empty socket. Ptosis, an important post-operative complication, may be seen in Post-enucleation socket syndrome or occurring alone. When the ptosis occurs mainly due to loss of orbital volume, leading to loss of support and drooping of the upper eyelid, the condition is pseuoptosis. This complicates the rehabilitation process with an ocular prosthesis compromising the cosmetic result. In this article, a simple modification of an ocular prosthesis is made to correct ptosis in an enucleated socket with post-enucleation socket syndrome. Case Report: An elderly male patient, suffering from postenucleation socket syndrome of left eye received a modified custom ocular prosthesis. The anterior surface of the prosthesis was over contoured to effectively position the upper eyelid in a superior position and prevent it from migrating downward. The modified prosthesis satisfactorily corrected the drooping of eyelid, restoring the natural appearance of the lost eye. Conclusion: In case of patients suffering from ptosis/ pseudoptosis, a modified ocular prosthesis can replace the lost volume and support the eyelid in superior position, thus correcting the ptosis. In this article, a simple modification of an ocular prosthesis has been demonstrated that rehabilitates the lost eye and restores the aesthetic need of a patient with post-enucleation ocular defect.
{"title":"Novel Method of Management of Pseudoptosis with Ocular Prosthesis","authors":"A. Chowdhury, A. Debnath, A. Saha","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Surgical removal of eye (enucleation) may cause disfigurement of the empty socket. Ptosis, an important post-operative complication, may be seen in Post-enucleation socket syndrome or occurring alone. When the ptosis occurs mainly due to loss of orbital volume, leading to loss of support and drooping of the upper eyelid, the condition is pseuoptosis. This complicates the rehabilitation process with an ocular prosthesis compromising the cosmetic result. In this article, a simple modification of an ocular prosthesis is made to correct ptosis in an enucleated socket with post-enucleation socket syndrome. Case Report: An elderly male patient, suffering from postenucleation socket syndrome of left eye received a modified custom ocular prosthesis. The anterior surface of the prosthesis was over contoured to effectively position the upper eyelid in a superior position and prevent it from migrating downward. The modified prosthesis satisfactorily corrected the drooping of eyelid, restoring the natural appearance of the lost eye. Conclusion: In case of patients suffering from ptosis/ pseudoptosis, a modified ocular prosthesis can replace the lost volume and support the eyelid in superior position, thus correcting the ptosis. In this article, a simple modification of an ocular prosthesis has been demonstrated that rehabilitates the lost eye and restores the aesthetic need of a patient with post-enucleation ocular defect.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81710079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.26
Shruti Mishra, S. Acharya, S. Shukla, Neema S Acharya
The novel coronavirus or COVID – 19 as it has been named has transformed into a pandemic ravaging the world. As the days pass, the number of cases seem to be increasing at an alarming rate and few regions have managed to escape the clutches of this deadly virus. With no visible cure being available at the moment, the healthcare sector of nations is working against the clock in the hunt of a solution to this puzzling problem. Belonging to family Coronaviridae, it is genetically most similar to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus but manifestation of symptoms in both the diseases is somewhat different. This portion of the article aims to elaborate the different methods employed for detection and testing of COVID. This review deals with various statistics pertaining to the pandemic which have been reported and for whom, studies and research has been carried out with a string of predefined variables included. It involves anaccount of the number of cases reported, both in India and the World. While the fight against the pandemic is far from over, with each day comes the hope, that our healthcare workers shall be able to find a resolution to this seemingly relentless problem.
{"title":"The Pandemic of 21st Century: COVID – 19","authors":"Shruti Mishra, S. Acharya, S. Shukla, Neema S Acharya","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.26","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus or COVID – 19 as it has been named has transformed into a pandemic ravaging the world. As the days pass, the number of cases seem to be increasing at an alarming rate and few regions have managed to escape the clutches of this deadly virus. With no visible cure being available at the moment, the healthcare sector of nations is working against the clock in the hunt of a solution to this puzzling problem. Belonging to family Coronaviridae, it is genetically most similar to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus but manifestation of symptoms in both the diseases is somewhat different. This portion of the article aims to elaborate the different methods employed for detection and testing of COVID. This review deals with various statistics pertaining to the pandemic which have been reported and for whom, studies and research has been carried out with a string of predefined variables included. It involves anaccount of the number of cases reported, both in India and the World. While the fight against the pandemic is far from over, with each day comes the hope, that our healthcare workers shall be able to find a resolution to this seemingly relentless problem.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90380027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.20
Vishavdeep Kaur, L. Walia, Randhir Singh
Introduction: The rate at which a successive light stimulus appears to be steady and continuous is called as the critical flickering fusion frequency (CFFF). It is expressed in Hz and is referred to as the threshold frequency. It provides the information about CNS activity and arousal as well as measures the discrete sensory events happening in the central nervous system. To perceive the flickering light eye and brain have to work simultaneously and have to act together. The CFFFR was measured using critical flicker fusion apparatus. The study aimed to measure critical flicker fusion frequency and to measure the effect of age, gender, sleep and display screens on critical flicker fusion frequency Material and methods: The study was done in the department of Physiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and hospital, Solan, HP after taking institutional ethical committee clearance. A total of 1000 apparently healthy subjects were recruited from the institute which included the students, faculty, non teaching staff and nursing staff. Critical flicker fusion frequency was measured using Flicker Fusion apparatus (FF-705): Medicaid Ambala.The critical flicker fusion frequency threshold was noted after explaining the procedure in their native language and obtaining consent. The data collected was analyzed stastically. Results: We found a significant difference in the values of CFFFR between the younger age group and among the older age group. CFFFR and age are indirectly proportional to each other with increase in age there is decrease in the value of CFFFR. The value of CFFFR was found to be higher in individuals with a normal sleep pattern and duration compared to those having less sleeping hours Inadequate sleep also has been shown to decrease the motor functioning, decreased learning ability, poor productivity and shortened memory. CFFFR was higher in individuals playing games compared to those who were using display screens normally, in addition to it those individuals who were playing instructive games had a higher CFFRT than those playing quest games. Conclusion: In this study we measured the critical flicker fusion and the factors that have a role in increasing or decreasing the CFFFR threshold. A simple and non invasive procedure helps in finding the harmful effects of various factors like age gender sleep disturbances or over usage of display screens on retina and central nervous system.
{"title":"Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: Effect of Age, Gender, Sleep and Display Screens","authors":"Vishavdeep Kaur, L. Walia, Randhir Singh","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The rate at which a successive light stimulus appears to be steady and continuous is called as the critical flickering fusion frequency (CFFF). It is expressed in Hz and is referred to as the threshold frequency. It provides the information about CNS activity and arousal as well as measures the discrete sensory events happening in the central nervous system. To perceive the flickering light eye and brain have to work simultaneously and have to act together. The CFFFR was measured using critical flicker fusion apparatus. The study aimed to measure critical flicker fusion frequency and to measure the effect of age, gender, sleep and display screens on critical flicker fusion frequency Material and methods: The study was done in the department of Physiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and hospital, Solan, HP after taking institutional ethical committee clearance. A total of 1000 apparently healthy subjects were recruited from the institute which included the students, faculty, non teaching staff and nursing staff. Critical flicker fusion frequency was measured using Flicker Fusion apparatus (FF-705): Medicaid Ambala.The critical flicker fusion frequency threshold was noted after explaining the procedure in their native language and obtaining consent. The data collected was analyzed stastically. Results: We found a significant difference in the values of CFFFR between the younger age group and among the older age group. CFFFR and age are indirectly proportional to each other with increase in age there is decrease in the value of CFFFR. The value of CFFFR was found to be higher in individuals with a normal sleep pattern and duration compared to those having less sleeping hours Inadequate sleep also has been shown to decrease the motor functioning, decreased learning ability, poor productivity and shortened memory. CFFFR was higher in individuals playing games compared to those who were using display screens normally, in addition to it those individuals who were playing instructive games had a higher CFFRT than those playing quest games. Conclusion: In this study we measured the critical flicker fusion and the factors that have a role in increasing or decreasing the CFFFR threshold. A simple and non invasive procedure helps in finding the harmful effects of various factors like age gender sleep disturbances or over usage of display screens on retina and central nervous system.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80145966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.24
Neha Hajira, Pulkit Khandelwal, Harleen Sachdeva, S. Khare
Gag reflex is a complex physiologic reflex which can lead to a compromised dental treatment and can prove a barrier for optimal patient care and management. This gag reflex is protective in nature, but can present a bewildering, annoying and frustrating problem during various dental procedures. The aim of this article is to review normal gag reflex, neurophysiology of gag reflex, factors associated with etiology of gagging and role of different methods to manage gagging during routine dental procedures.
{"title":"Combating the Hypersensitive Gag Reflex in Patients Undergoing Dental Treatment – A Review","authors":"Neha Hajira, Pulkit Khandelwal, Harleen Sachdeva, S. Khare","doi":"10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.24","url":null,"abstract":"Gag reflex is a complex physiologic reflex which can lead to a compromised dental treatment and can prove a barrier for optimal patient care and management. This gag reflex is protective in nature, but can present a bewildering, annoying and frustrating problem during various dental procedures. The aim of this article is to review normal gag reflex, neurophysiology of gag reflex, factors associated with etiology of gagging and role of different methods to manage gagging during routine dental procedures.","PeriodicalId":13918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]","volume":"51 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76383794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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