Background. Gluten-free diet continues being the most effective treatment of celiac disease but current evidence on its nutritional characteristics and metabolic effects rises concerns. Objectives. To assess the total diet of adult celiac patients and the contribution of gluten-free foods to it, in Chilean celiac patients. Methodology. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were registered and a food frequency questionnaire including detailed data about gluten-free foods was applied to 71 celiac patients older than 12 years of age receiving medical care at INTA, University of Chile, in Santiago. Total food intake, dietary adequacy and diet nutritional quality was calculated using descriptive statistics. Principal Findings. Of 71 patients, 81.6% were female, 93% were 19-65 years of age and 65% were on GFD for 2 years or more. Nutritional status classified in underweight and overweight/obesity in 2.9% and 35.7%, respectively. 2.8% patients declared to consume willingly gluten containing bread. The whole diet was normocaloric, normoproteic, hyperlipidic and hypoglucidic (FAO/WHO); when calculations were based for individuals’ requirements, 65% of cases consumed excess calories, proteins, and carbohydrates. Gluten-free foods contributed to 17.7%, 11.6%, 11.5% and 23.9% of the total daily intake of calories, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, respectively. GFF were characterized by having a low protein content. Conclusions. Although the whole diet appeared close to WHO/FAO recommendations when calculated as average for the study group, 65% of participants consumed excess calories, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates when calculations were made on individual basis. There was neither moderate-severe undernutrition nor overweight/obesity in the group studied. It is interesting that both the total diet quality and the nutritional status of the celiac patients assessed were better than those described in the general local population.
{"title":"Gluten-free Foods and Their Contribution to Total Diet in Patients with Celiac Disease","authors":"A. Norambuena, D. Quintiliano, M. Araya","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-9-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-9-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Gluten-free diet continues being the most effective treatment of celiac disease but current evidence on its nutritional characteristics and metabolic effects rises concerns. Objectives. To assess the total diet of adult celiac patients and the contribution of gluten-free foods to it, in Chilean celiac patients. Methodology. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were registered and a food frequency questionnaire including detailed data about gluten-free foods was applied to 71 celiac patients older than 12 years of age receiving medical care at INTA, University of Chile, in Santiago. Total food intake, dietary adequacy and diet nutritional quality was calculated using descriptive statistics. Principal Findings. Of 71 patients, 81.6% were female, 93% were 19-65 years of age and 65% were on GFD for 2 years or more. Nutritional status classified in underweight and overweight/obesity in 2.9% and 35.7%, respectively. 2.8% patients declared to consume willingly gluten containing bread. The whole diet was normocaloric, normoproteic, hyperlipidic and hypoglucidic (FAO/WHO); when calculations were based for individuals’ requirements, 65% of cases consumed excess calories, proteins, and carbohydrates. Gluten-free foods contributed to 17.7%, 11.6%, 11.5% and 23.9% of the total daily intake of calories, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, respectively. GFF were characterized by having a low protein content. Conclusions. Although the whole diet appeared close to WHO/FAO recommendations when calculated as average for the study group, 65% of participants consumed excess calories, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates when calculations were made on individual basis. There was neither moderate-severe undernutrition nor overweight/obesity in the group studied. It is interesting that both the total diet quality and the nutritional status of the celiac patients assessed were better than those described in the general local population.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"52 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90845596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95762
Babatunde Olawoye, Oseni Kadiri, O. Fagbohun, T. Oluwajuyitan
In recent times, there had been an increase in the consumption of food products made from cereals other than wheat flour. This is partly due to the surge or rise in wheat importation thereby led to a high foreign exchange spending for countries with comparative disadvantage in the cultivation and production of wheat grain. Aside from this, there had been a major concern on the health challenges emanating as a result of the consumption of food made from wheat flour. This health challenge is called celiac disease; an immune-mediated disease arising from the inability of the consumer to ingest gluten-containing products. This book chapter intends to write on the management of celiac disease using gluten-free diets.
{"title":"Celiac Disease Management through Gluten-Free Diets","authors":"Babatunde Olawoye, Oseni Kadiri, O. Fagbohun, T. Oluwajuyitan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95762","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, there had been an increase in the consumption of food products made from cereals other than wheat flour. This is partly due to the surge or rise in wheat importation thereby led to a high foreign exchange spending for countries with comparative disadvantage in the cultivation and production of wheat grain. Aside from this, there had been a major concern on the health challenges emanating as a result of the consumption of food made from wheat flour. This health challenge is called celiac disease; an immune-mediated disease arising from the inability of the consumer to ingest gluten-containing products. This book chapter intends to write on the management of celiac disease using gluten-free diets.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82569958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chain of events, starting from nutrients that change microbiome/dysbiome ratio followed by their secreted mobilome and ending with the leaky gut syndrome, can be applied for cardiovascular diseases. The Gut-heart axis is only one avenue where intestinal luminal eco-events induce remote organ's pathology. The present editorial highlights the mechanisms and potential pathways in the nutrients-microbiota-endocrine-cardiovascular axis that might affect human heart morbidity and mortality in celiac disease.
{"title":"The Gut Feeling of the Heart: Pathophysiological Pathways in the Gut-heart Axis in Celiac Disease","authors":"A. Lerner, J. Carvalho","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-8-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-8-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"The chain of events, starting from nutrients that change microbiome/dysbiome ratio followed by their secreted mobilome and ending with the leaky gut syndrome, can be applied for cardiovascular diseases. The Gut-heart axis is only one avenue where intestinal luminal eco-events induce remote organ's pathology. The present editorial highlights the mechanisms and potential pathways in the nutrients-microbiota-endocrine-cardiovascular axis that might affect human heart morbidity and mortality in celiac disease.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"94 1","pages":"120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83881886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. coli is one of the most common community and nosocomial pathogens and it mainly causes skin and soft tissue infections. So, the current study aimed to study the isolation of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains in Egypt, Hospitals. Study their antibiotic susceptibility profile and therapy to control and present the transmission of E. coli strains among the health care settings.120 pus samples were collected from post-operation wounds of a study group of inpatients in Egypt, Hospitals. Bacteria colonizing the wounds were isolated on specific culture media thereafter purified and divided into 4 groups depending on their morphological characters and Gram's stain reaction Isolated bacteria were divided into 4 groups. Group (I) represented 40% of total isolates; while group (II) & (III) represented 25% and group (IV) 22%. Isolated bacteria related to groups I, II, III & IV were preliminary identified as S. aureus. E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility of the 4 groups of isolated bacteria against 10 different antibiotics revealed that Ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity against E. coli. Data revealed that strain encoded E.coli 6 is a multi-resistant strain as it resisted 13 antibiotics out of 15 (86.7%).
{"title":"Isolation and Laboratory Diagnosis of Antibiotic-resistant E. coli from Surgical Wounds of Inpatients at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt","authors":"S. M. E. Toubar, M. Zaky, Ahmed Samy El-Shafey","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-8-4-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-8-4-7","url":null,"abstract":"E. coli is one of the most common community and nosocomial pathogens and it mainly causes skin and soft tissue infections. So, the current study aimed to study the isolation of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains in Egypt, Hospitals. Study their antibiotic susceptibility profile and therapy to control and present the transmission of E. coli strains among the health care settings.120 pus samples were collected from post-operation wounds of a study group of inpatients in Egypt, Hospitals. Bacteria colonizing the wounds were isolated on specific culture media thereafter purified and divided into 4 groups depending on their morphological characters and Gram's stain reaction Isolated bacteria were divided into 4 groups. Group (I) represented 40% of total isolates; while group (II) & (III) represented 25% and group (IV) 22%. Isolated bacteria related to groups I, II, III & IV were preliminary identified as S. aureus. E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility of the 4 groups of isolated bacteria against 10 different antibiotics revealed that Ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity against E. coli. Data revealed that strain encoded E.coli 6 is a multi-resistant strain as it resisted 13 antibiotics out of 15 (86.7%).","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"9 3 1","pages":"143-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78698134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Registered dietitians /nutritionists play a crucial role in the management of celiac disease (CD). The present study aims to evaluate the knowledge of nutritionists working with CD patients in Kuwait, which has lately been witnessing increased incidence of this disease. A convenient cross-sectional sample of 156 nutritionists from both genders, different age groups, educational levels and experience working in different hospitals and health centers in Kuwait was recruited. To assess their knowledge and practice, a self-administered validated questionnaire was used. Descriptive data analyses were performed using SPSS program. Results of 141 respondents (90% response rate) indicated that nutritionists holding university degrees had highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) higher mean knowledge scores about CD than those holding a diploma degree (9.9 ± 1.3 and 9.3 ± 1.3 vs 8.7± 1.4, out of 14 respectively). It also indicated that gender, geographic area and/or experience had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the overall mean knowledge scores of the respondents albeit males had higher, though non-significant (P>0.05) mean scores than females in some geographic areas.The age of nutritionists had no effect on their knowledge scores despite the longer experience older ones have. The results also indicated that although most nutritionists seem to be well aware of the causes(99.3 %), treatment (98.6%), diagnosis (61%) and complications(78.7%) associated with CD, the majority of them confused it with wheat allergy (78% vs. 22%; P ≤ 0.01). Nutritionists’ knowledge about “Unsafe Ingredients” in the celiac diet information card” was successfully answered by only 6.4% of the participants, whereas 81.6% of them were not sure (p < 0.05). Results of the study emphasize the need for continued-structured education programs for the Kuwaiti nutritionists working with CD patients in all areas related to CD.
{"title":"The First Assessment of Celiac Disease Knowledge among Kuwaiti Nutritionists through a Validated KAP Model","authors":"A. Amr, R. Mashal, B. Al-Enezi","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-8-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-8-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"Registered dietitians /nutritionists play a crucial role in the management of celiac disease (CD). The present study aims to evaluate the knowledge of nutritionists working with CD patients in Kuwait, which has lately been witnessing increased incidence of this disease. A convenient cross-sectional sample of 156 nutritionists from both genders, different age groups, educational levels and experience working in different hospitals and health centers in Kuwait was recruited. To assess their knowledge and practice, a self-administered validated questionnaire was used. Descriptive data analyses were performed using SPSS program. Results of 141 respondents (90% response rate) indicated that nutritionists holding university degrees had highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) higher mean knowledge scores about CD than those holding a diploma degree (9.9 ± 1.3 and 9.3 ± 1.3 vs 8.7± 1.4, out of 14 respectively). It also indicated that gender, geographic area and/or experience had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the overall mean knowledge scores of the respondents albeit males had higher, though non-significant (P>0.05) mean scores than females in some geographic areas.The age of nutritionists had no effect on their knowledge scores despite the longer experience older ones have. The results also indicated that although most nutritionists seem to be well aware of the causes(99.3 %), treatment (98.6%), diagnosis (61%) and complications(78.7%) associated with CD, the majority of them confused it with wheat allergy (78% vs. 22%; P ≤ 0.01). Nutritionists’ knowledge about “Unsafe Ingredients” in the celiac diet information card” was successfully answered by only 6.4% of the participants, whereas 81.6% of them were not sure (p < 0.05). Results of the study emphasize the need for continued-structured education programs for the Kuwaiti nutritionists working with CD patients in all areas related to CD.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"35 1","pages":"136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83543183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years the trend of following a gluten-free diet for individuals that do not suffer from celiac disease or non-celiac-gluten-sensitivity has grown, with followers claiming a multitude of benefits. Despite the popularity, research into the existing literature related to the topic paints a different picture. Media posted by popular sources as well as peer-reviewed sources claim that adhering to a gluten-free diet without a diagnosis may actually lead to negative side effects such as an increased food cost with lower nutritional content, nutrient deficiencies, and weight gain. Existing literature also suggests that claimed advantages, such as increased athletic performance, may be due to the placebo effect.
{"title":"A Look at Gluten-Free Diets for Non-celiac/Non-gluten-sensitive Persons","authors":"Devan Taylor","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-8-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-8-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the trend of following a gluten-free diet for individuals that do not suffer from celiac disease or non-celiac-gluten-sensitivity has grown, with followers claiming a multitude of benefits. Despite the popularity, research into the existing literature related to the topic paints a different picture. Media posted by popular sources as well as peer-reviewed sources claim that adhering to a gluten-free diet without a diagnosis may actually lead to negative side effects such as an increased food cost with lower nutritional content, nutrient deficiencies, and weight gain. Existing literature also suggests that claimed advantages, such as increased athletic performance, may be due to the placebo effect.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":"126-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78854699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ada Lee, Sherin Daniel, Denease Francis, C. Messina, J. Chung, Lesley Small-Harary, J. E. Fischel, A. Chawla
The association of celiac disease (CD) with various cognitive and behavioral symptoms has been reported, but findings are mixed and inconclusive. This prospective study aimed to evaluate whether elimination of gluten in children with newly diagnosed CD leads to improvement in cognitive and behavioral functioning particularly related to attention after 6 months of a gluten-free diet (GFD). Thirty-three patients completed the study. Parent ratings of child behavior and direct assessment of child intelligence and attentional characteristics were collected. Parent reported scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) demonstrated improvement in somatic symptoms and attentional characteristics after 6 months of GFD. Between 6-33% of the patients showed improvement in the 4 different attentional characteristics evaluated by the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT3). We conclude that parent ratings support improvement in somatic symptoms and attentional characteristics in celiac patients once on a GFD for 6 months.
乳糜泻(CD)与各种认知和行为症状的关联已被报道，但结果是混合的和不确定的。这项前瞻性研究旨在评估新诊断为乳糜泻的儿童在6个月的无麸质饮食(GFD)后，消除麸质是否会改善认知和行为功能，特别是与注意力相关的功能。33名患者完成了这项研究。收集了父母对儿童行为的评分，以及对儿童智力和注意力特征的直接评估。家长报告的儿童行为检查表(CBCL)得分显示，在GFD治疗6个月后，躯体症状和注意力特征有所改善。6-33%的患者在Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT3)评估的4种不同的注意力特征中表现出改善。我们得出结论，父母评分支持腹腔患者在GFD治疗6个月后躯体症状和注意力特征的改善。
{"title":"Intellectual and Attentional Characteristics of Children with Celiac Disease after Initiation of a Gluten-Free Diet","authors":"Ada Lee, Sherin Daniel, Denease Francis, C. Messina, J. Chung, Lesley Small-Harary, J. E. Fischel, A. Chawla","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-8-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-8-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"The association of celiac disease (CD) with various cognitive and behavioral symptoms has been reported, but findings are mixed and inconclusive. This prospective study aimed to evaluate whether elimination of gluten in children with newly diagnosed CD leads to improvement in cognitive and behavioral functioning particularly related to attention after 6 months of a gluten-free diet (GFD). Thirty-three patients completed the study. Parent ratings of child behavior and direct assessment of child intelligence and attentional characteristics were collected. Parent reported scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) demonstrated improvement in somatic symptoms and attentional characteristics after 6 months of GFD. Between 6-33% of the patients showed improvement in the 4 different attentional characteristics evaluated by the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT3). We conclude that parent ratings support improvement in somatic symptoms and attentional characteristics in celiac patients once on a GFD for 6 months.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"25 1","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77798077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Volume 8, Issue 2 of the International Journal of Celiac Disease, Shah et al. presented a peculiar celiac disease presenting as cardiomyopathy in an adult female. We would highlight the importance of carnitine deficiency in such cases, both at diagnosis as well as during follow up; carnitine being widely reported as a cause of cardiomyopathy in celiac and non-celiac population, and supplementing these patients by carnitine might reverse this heart dysfunction.
{"title":"Cardiomyopathy in Celiac Disease: Carnitine Behind?","authors":"N. Boutrid, H. Rahmoune, M. Amrane","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-8-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-8-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"In Volume 8, Issue 2 of the International Journal of Celiac Disease, Shah et al. presented a peculiar celiac disease presenting as cardiomyopathy in an adult female. We would highlight the importance of carnitine deficiency in such cases, both at diagnosis as well as during follow up; carnitine being widely reported as a cause of cardiomyopathy in celiac and non-celiac population, and supplementing these patients by carnitine might reverse this heart dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"58 1","pages":"124-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90612315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The risk of celiac disease may be increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms involved remain controversial. In this report, an elderly man with long-standing and extensive ulcerative colitis was treated with daily salazopyrine for over 30 years. His medication was eventually discontinued although endoscopic surveillance studies showed healed colitis with minimal inflammatory change and no dysplasia. He subsequently volunteered as an IBD control in a celiac disease research study. Endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibodies were unexpectedly positive and a small bowel biopsy showed changes of celiac disease that later responded to a gluten-free diet. Earlier historical duodenal and ileal biopsies had been normal suggesting that changes were new, developing after cessation of the salazopyrine. This unusual presentation “unmasking” celiac disease after cessation of long-standing salazopyrine for colitis raises the potential that the drug may have acted to suppress the inflammatory process in celiac disease and may offer another alternate and inexpensive therapeutic approach.
{"title":"Long-Standing Ulcerative Colitis and Sulphasalazine Treatment Complicated by Adult Celiac Disease","authors":"H. Freeman","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-8-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-8-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of celiac disease may be increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms involved remain controversial. In this report, an elderly man with long-standing and extensive ulcerative colitis was treated with daily salazopyrine for over 30 years. His medication was eventually discontinued although endoscopic surveillance studies showed healed colitis with minimal inflammatory change and no dysplasia. He subsequently volunteered as an IBD control in a celiac disease research study. Endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibodies were unexpectedly positive and a small bowel biopsy showed changes of celiac disease that later responded to a gluten-free diet. Earlier historical duodenal and ileal biopsies had been normal suggesting that changes were new, developing after cessation of the salazopyrine. This unusual presentation “unmasking” celiac disease after cessation of long-standing salazopyrine for colitis raises the potential that the drug may have acted to suppress the inflammatory process in celiac disease and may offer another alternate and inexpensive therapeutic approach.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"47 13","pages":"117-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91510840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ikeagwulonu, N. Etukudoh, M. Obeta, H. Uro-Chukwu, ImohEtim Ibanga
BACKGROUND: As at 27th of June 2020, the COVID 19 pandemic had affected 9,653,048 people across the world including 491,128 deaths. We reviewed different studies on liver function tests in COVID 19 patients to better understand how the liver injury is associated with COVID 19 disease. METHODS: A review of the literature was carried out between18th May and 10thJune 2020 on the studies that investigated liver function tests in COVID 19 patients as a marker of liver injury in the patients. The databases used were Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar and JSTOR and the search protocol involves a combination of words like laboratory diagnosis, liver function tests and COVID 19, SARS-COV-2 and coronavirus. RESULT: Twelve relevant articles were identified out of a total of 212 articles that were initially identified after duplicates were removed. The twelve articles reviewed comprise of 1,926 COVID 19 infected patients representing 1,003(52.1%) males and 923(47.9%) females. Comparing mild to severe cases of COVID 19, the most prevalent laboratory findings were increased AST (100%), ALT (91.7%) and total bilirubin (71.4%), as well as 100%, decreased serum level of albumin. CONCLUSION: Liver injury is associated with COVID 19 as evident with observed changes in serum levels of liver enzymes, bilirubin and albumin in these individuals.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on Use of Liver Function Tests to Assess Association between Liver Injury and COVID 19 Disease","authors":"R. Ikeagwulonu, N. Etukudoh, M. Obeta, H. Uro-Chukwu, ImohEtim Ibanga","doi":"10.12691/IJCD-8-3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/IJCD-8-3-8","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: As at 27th of June 2020, the COVID 19 pandemic had affected 9,653,048 people across the world including 491,128 deaths. We reviewed different studies on liver function tests in COVID 19 patients to better understand how the liver injury is associated with COVID 19 disease. METHODS: A review of the literature was carried out between18th May and 10thJune 2020 on the studies that investigated liver function tests in COVID 19 patients as a marker of liver injury in the patients. The databases used were Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar and JSTOR and the search protocol involves a combination of words like laboratory diagnosis, liver function tests and COVID 19, SARS-COV-2 and coronavirus. RESULT: Twelve relevant articles were identified out of a total of 212 articles that were initially identified after duplicates were removed. The twelve articles reviewed comprise of 1,926 COVID 19 infected patients representing 1,003(52.1%) males and 923(47.9%) females. Comparing mild to severe cases of COVID 19, the most prevalent laboratory findings were increased AST (100%), ALT (91.7%) and total bilirubin (71.4%), as well as 100%, decreased serum level of albumin. CONCLUSION: Liver injury is associated with COVID 19 as evident with observed changes in serum levels of liver enzymes, bilirubin and albumin in these individuals.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"29 1","pages":"110-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87364386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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