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International Journal of Celiac Disease最新文献

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Immunological Implications in Atopic Dermatitis 特应性皮炎的免疫学意义
Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-2-8
E. Duca, G. Sur, Teodora-Maria Zahariuc, G. Maak, L. Sur
Both the inborn and acquired immune system plays an important role in the pathogenicity of atopic dermatitis (AD). The skin lesions are mostly due to the complex interaction of the cytokines, above all the ones secreted by the T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2). In the acute phase of the disease, the most important cytokines are IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, and also the subsequent activation of mastocytes and eosinophiles. The next step is the production of antigen-specific antibodies. The Th2 immune response is initiated by IL-1, IL-25, IL-17, IL-33 and by thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Th2 cytokines block the expression of differentiation of certain proteins, like locrine, filaggrin, involucrin, and at the same time, they reduce the beta-antimicrobial peptide levels, disturbing the skin barrier in the process. In the chronic phase of the illness, the Th2 cytokines are predominant, with varying levels of T helper 17 cytokines.
先天免疫系统和获得性免疫系统在特应性皮炎(AD)的致病性中都起着重要作用。皮肤病变主要是由于细胞因子的复杂相互作用,尤其是由辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th2)分泌的细胞因子。在疾病的急性期,最重要的细胞因子是IL-4、IL-5和IL-13,以及随后的乳突细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的激活。下一步是生产抗原特异性抗体。Th2免疫应答由IL-1、IL-25、IL-17、IL-33和胸腺基质淋巴生成素(TSLP)启动。Th2细胞因子阻断了某些蛋白质的分化表达,如locrine、聚丝蛋白、天花苷,同时,它们降低了β -抗菌肽的水平,在此过程中扰乱了皮肤屏障。在疾病的慢性期,Th2细胞因子占主导地位,并伴有不同水平的T辅助17细胞因子。
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引用次数: 0
Mycophenolate-Associated Sprue-Like Intestinal Disease Evolving into Collagenous Sprue 霉酚酸相关的芽孢杆菌样肠道疾病演变为胶原芽孢杆菌
Pub Date : 2021-05-17 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-2-5
H. Freeman, M. Nimmo
A 43-yr old female with two prior renal transplants for renal failure associated with diabetes, retinopathy and coronary artery disease developed diarrhea. Her medications included mycophenolate mofetil, an immunosuppressive medication documented to cause sprue-like mucosal changes in the small intestine. Later studies revealed a small intestinal mucosal lesion characterized by marked crypt hyperplasia, villous atrophy and increased intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Serological studies for celiac disease were negative and repeated biopsies despite a strict gluten-free diet, revealed histopathological persistence of a severely abnormal sprue-like enteropathy. Eventually, further biopsies of her small intestine revealed superimposed changes characterized by dense sub-epithelial collagen deposits histochemically staining positive for trichrome, typical of collagenous sprue and representing an expansion of published pathological features of mycophenolate-associated small intestinal mucosal disease.
一名43岁女性,因糖尿病、视网膜病变和冠状动脉疾病相关的肾功能衰竭而进行过两次肾移植,后来出现腹泻。她的药物包括霉酚酸酯,这是一种免疫抑制药物,可引起小肠芽状粘膜改变。后来的研究显示小肠粘膜病变以明显的隐窝增生、绒毛萎缩和上皮内淋巴细胞增加为特征。乳糜泻的血清学研究是阴性的,尽管有严格的无麸质饮食,但反复活检显示组织病理学上持续存在严重异常的芽状肠病。最终,进一步的小肠活检显示叠加性改变,其特征是致密的亚上皮胶原沉积,组织化学染色为三色阳性,典型的胶原喷口,代表了霉酚酸盐相关小肠粘膜疾病的病理特征的扩展。
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引用次数: 2
The Association of HLA-DQ2 with Celiac Disease HLA-DQ2与乳糜泻的关系
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95837
F. Gualandris, L. Castellani, A. Falanga
DQ2 is a surface receptor of class II MHC exposed on APC immune-competent cells. Its function is to recognize non-self-antigens and present them to CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes, which activate cytokine <21> production and control antibody production and cell response. The activation of T lymphocytes by peptides derived from gluten proteins and the production of antibodies directed against tTG in tissues where it is localized is the basis of the etiopathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). CD is frequently associated with the presence of specific HLA system genes encoding heterodimers DQ2 and DQ8, identifiable by the DQA1*0501/DQB1*0201 or DQA1*0501/DQB1*0202 and DQB1*0302 alleles. DQ2 is also associated with genetic, endocrinological and neurological diseases such as: type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis, pancreatitis and multiple sclerosis. Interactions between DQ2 and T lymphoma have also been demonstrated. The correlation between autoimmune diseases in patients with CD and therefore DQ2 is much more frequent than in healthy subjects.
DQ2是II类MHC暴露于APC免疫能力细胞的表面受体。它的功能是识别非自身抗原并将其呈递到CD4+ t辅助淋巴细胞,激活细胞因子的产生并控制抗体的产生和细胞反应。麸质蛋白衍生的多肽激活T淋巴细胞,并在其定位的组织中产生针对tTG的抗体,这是乳糜泻(CD)发病的基础。CD通常与编码异源二聚体DQ2和DQ8的特定HLA系统基因的存在有关,可通过DQA1*0501/DQB1*0201或DQA1*0501/DQB1*0202和DQB1*0302等位基因识别。DQ2还与遗传、内分泌和神经系统疾病有关,如:1型糖尿病、甲状腺炎、胰腺炎和多发性硬化症。DQ2和T淋巴瘤之间的相互作用也已被证实。乳糜泻患者自身免疫性疾病与DQ2之间的相关性比健康人频繁得多。
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引用次数: 0
The COVID-19 Vaccination Debate: CoV-2 in Celiac Disease: A Pathogen or just along for the Ride? COVID-19疫苗接种辩论:乳糜泻中的CoV-2:病原体还是只是随波助澜?
Pub Date : 2021-01-23 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-1-8
A. Lerner
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, impacts human health all over the world with high morbidity and mortality. Many chronic diseases predispose the patients to be infected, including autoimmune diseases. Despite theoretical and rare exceptions, celiac disease is not a high-risk condition for COVID-19 infection. The present review expends on those potential circumstances that put the CD patients at risk for COVID-19.
导致COVID-19的SARS-CoV-2病毒以其高发病率和死亡率影响着全世界的人类健康。许多慢性疾病使患者易受感染,包括自身免疫性疾病。尽管有理论和罕见的例外,乳糜泻并不是COVID-19感染的高风险疾病。本综述着眼于那些使乳糜泻患者面临COVID-19风险的潜在情况。
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引用次数: 5
Enzyme Therapy for Patients with Celiac Disease - An Update 乳糜泻患者的酶治疗-最新进展
Pub Date : 2021-01-23 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-1-1
H. Cornell, T. Stelmasiak, A. Lerner
Enzyme therapy as a management tool for patients with celiac disease (CD) or gluten intolerance is gaining acceptance around the world. Gluten has multiple side effects and limitations of a gluten-free diet (GFD) in management of CD are evident and mainly related to the presence of hidden gluten or cross-contamination of meals in restaurants. The present paper discusses enzyme therapy with caricain, namely Gluteguard, in light of various approaches searching for a treatment or an effective management of CD. Regular users of the supplement Gluteguard report a high level of satisfaction with the product. This indicates that enzyme therapy based on caricain has its place as a safeguard when the gluten-free meals are prepared outside the control of the patients.
酶疗法作为乳糜泻(CD)或麸质不耐症患者的一种管理工具,在世界范围内越来越被接受。谷蛋白有多种副作用,无谷蛋白饮食(GFD)在乳糜泻治疗中的局限性是显而易见的,主要与隐性谷蛋白的存在或餐馆食物的交叉污染有关。本文讨论了酶治疗与caricain,即Gluteguard,根据各种方法寻找治疗或有效管理乳糜泻。补充Gluteguard的经常用户报告对该产品的高水平满意度。这表明,酶疗法的基础上,讽刺有它的地方,作为一种保障,当无麸质膳食是在病人的控制之外准备。
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引用次数: 1
The COVID-19 Vaccination Debate: Is there is a Link between COVID-19 and Celiac Disease? COVID-19疫苗接种之争:COVID-19和乳糜泻之间是否存在联系?
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-1-5
M. O. F. Barriguete, M. Okorie
Celiac disease has been recognized as a multisystem immunological disorder commonly manifested in children and adults. Celiac disease is a common syndrome which is usually efficiently treated with a gluten-free diet as well as an optimal prognosis. Some major symptoms of celiac disease include malabsorption syndrome which could manifest in the form of chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal distention. COVID-19 have been observed to impact and worsen several disorders and lifestyle habits but have been found to not affect patients with autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease. This article would serve as a foundation for further research on the impact of COVID-19 on celiac disease.
乳糜泻是一种多系统免疫疾病,常见于儿童和成人。乳糜泻是一种常见的综合征,通常通过无麸质饮食和最佳预后来有效治疗。乳糜泻的一些主要症状包括吸收不良综合征,表现为慢性腹泻、体重减轻和腹胀。已观察到COVID-19会影响并恶化几种疾病和生活习惯,但已发现不会影响乳糜泻等自身免疫性疾病患者。本文将为进一步研究COVID-19对乳糜泻的影响奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
For Patients with Celiac Disease: Pay Attention to Polluted Seafood 乳糜泻患者:注意污染海鲜
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-1-2
M. Zaky, S. M. E. Toubar, A. El-Shafey
Chemical pollution of water is the contamination of water by foreign matter that deteriorates the quality of the water. Pollution of water by heavy metals are dangerous because they tend to cause Bioaccumulation that means an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemical's concentration in the environment. Chemical pollution of Manzala lake was studied in 4 main localities, Kapoty, Bashtier, Mataryia and Gamil areas which receives high load of sewage, agricultural and industrial wastes from different sources. Heavy metals, such as Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg were estimated in water and fish samples, to reveal high pollution of lake Manzala with such toxic elements, where Zn, reached 800µg/L. Pb,195 µg/L. Cd 45 µg/L and. Hg, 5000 µg/L in water samples.
水的化学污染是指外来物质对水的污染,使水质恶化。重金属对水的污染是危险的,因为它们往往会导致生物积累,这意味着随着时间的推移,与环境中的化学物质浓度相比,生物有机体中的化学物质浓度会增加。对Manzala湖的化学污染进行了研究,主要集中在Kapoty、Bashtier、Mataryia和Gamil 4个主要地区,这些地区接收了大量来自不同来源的污水和工农业废弃物。通过对水体和鱼类样本中Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg等重金属的检测,揭示了Manzala湖的重金属污染程度,其中Zn达到了800µg/L。Pb 195µg / L。Cd 45µg/L;Hg,水样中5000µg/L。
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引用次数: 0
In a Time of Pandemic: Predictors for Post-transplant Respiratory Complications 大流行时期:移植后呼吸系统并发症的预测因素
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-1-4
B. Vasavada
Introduction: Biliary atresia is commonly associated with malnutrition and failure to thrive. Very few studies have been published on the impact of preoperative malnutrition on post-transplant outcomes in these children. Material and Methods: 110 children underwent living donor liver transplantation from January 2003 to March 2013. Pre-transplant malnutrition was defined according to z scores for the weight for age and height for age as per who definition. Patients having both Z score of < -2 were compared with the control group. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21 (IBM). Results: 39 children out of 110 were having z score for the weight for age < -2. There was no statistical difference between PELD score, graft weight, GRWR, intraoperative blood loss between to groups. 22 out of 39 patients in malnourished group developed clavein grade 3, grade 4 complications and 32 patients out of 71 in the control group developed clavien grade 3 grade 4 complications. (p= 0.318). The overall mortality rate was 4.5% and mortality rates in the malnourished vs control group were respectively 7.69% and 2.81% (p= 0.278). A total of 14 patients developed postoperative pulmonary complications. Pulmonary complications were significantly high in the malnourished group. p=0.003. Conclusion: Preoperative malnutrition is associated with a high postoperative pulmonary complication rate in liver transplantation for biliary atresia.
导言:胆道闭锁通常与营养不良和发育不良有关。很少有关于术前营养不良对这些儿童移植后预后影响的研究发表。材料与方法:2003年1月至2013年3月,110例儿童行活体肝移植。根据世界卫生组织定义的年龄体重和年龄身高的z分来定义移植前营养不良。Z评分均< -2的患者与对照组进行比较。采用SPSS version 21 (IBM)进行统计分析。结果:110例儿童中39例年龄体重z分< -2。两组患者PELD评分、移植物重量、GRWR、术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义。营养不良组39例患者中22例出现clavien 3级、4级并发症,对照组71例患者中32例出现clavien 3级、4级并发症。(p = 0.318)。总死亡率为4.5%,营养不良组与对照组的死亡率分别为7.69%和2.81% (p= 0.278)。术后肺部并发症14例。肺并发症在营养不良组明显高。p = 0.003。结论:术前营养不良与胆道闭锁肝移植术后肺部并发症发生率高有关。
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引用次数: 0
The COVID-19 Vaccination Debate: Should Patients with Celiac Disease be Vaccinated with COVID-19 Vaccine? COVID-19疫苗接种之争:乳糜泻患者是否应该接种COVID-19疫苗?
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-1-6
G. Samașca
More and more patients with celiac disease are asking us “Should I be vaccinated against COVID-19, or not? What to do?” These are unknown things, we live in new times. What we can do is gather information and present it to you in the following. My colleagues, Professor Hugh James Freeman and Professor Aaron Lerner will give you answers in 2 articles of high academic level “COVID-19 AND CELIAC DISEASE” and “COV-2 IN CELIAC DISEASE: A PATHOGEN OR JUST ALONG FOR THE RIDE?”, which I invite you to read. We have also a nice article “IS THERE IS A LINK BETWEEN COVID-19 AND CELIAC DISEASE?” from USA. As Editor-in-chief, I will present you official information from official websites.
越来越多的乳糜泻患者问我们:“我应该接种COVID-19疫苗吗?”怎么办?”这些都是未知的东西,我们生活在新时代。我们所能做的是收集信息,并以以下方式呈现给您。我的同事休·詹姆斯·弗里曼教授和亚伦·勒纳教授将在两篇高学术水平的文章《COVID-19和乳糜泻》和《乳糜泻中的COV-2:病原体还是只是随车而来?》中给你答案。,我邀请你读一读。我们也有一篇很好的文章“COVID-19和乳糜泻之间有联系吗?”来自美国。作为总编辑,我将为您呈现官方网站的官方信息。
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引用次数: 1
The COVID-19 Vaccination Debate: COVID-19 and Celiac Disease COVID-19疫苗接种辩论:COVID-19和乳糜泻
Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.12691/IJCD-9-1-7
H. Freeman
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that appears to cause a systemic disorder largely marked by fever and respiratory symptoms as well as diarrhea. The agent gains access to respiratory and gastrointestinal cells through a complex molecular mechanism associated with increased ACE2 receptor expression on brush border membranes of epithelial cells. Because some autoimmune-based disorders, including celiac disease, appear to be at increased risk for viral and community-acquired bacterial infections, a number of preliminary survey studies from different countries, largely web-based or telephone-based, have suggested that COVID-19 infection risk is not increased in celiac disease. However, specific sub-groups of patients with celiac disease have not been thoroughly evaluated. For example, selective immunoglobulin A deficiency or other immune deficiency states with celiac disease may represent a special risk group for COVID-19 and other viral infectious agents.
COVID-19是一种新型冠状病毒,似乎会导致一种全身性疾病,主要表现为发烧、呼吸道症状以及腹泻。该药物通过复杂的分子机制进入呼吸和胃肠道细胞,该机制与上皮细胞刷状缘膜上ACE2受体表达增加有关。由于包括乳糜泻在内的一些自身免疫性疾病似乎有更高的病毒感染和社区获得性细菌感染风险,来自不同国家的一些初步调查研究(主要基于网络或电话)表明,乳糜泻患者感染COVID-19的风险并未增加。然而,乳糜泻患者的特定亚组尚未得到彻底的评估。例如,选择性免疫球蛋白A缺乏或乳糜泻的其他免疫缺陷状态可能是COVID-19和其他病毒感染因子的特殊风险群体。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Celiac Disease
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