Quorum sensing (QS) is a way for bacteria to communicate with each other. It works by making, releasing, and identifying AIs (autoinducers). It is critical for the growth of microorganisms and is a vital component of the immune system. In the intestinal environment, Salmonella Typhimurium, Vibrio cholera, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli and other intestinal pathogens infect the host body, affecting the normal immune metabolism process of the host body, resulting in acute gastroenteritis, dysentery and other diseases. Antibiotics can treat the concurrent infection caused by intestinal pathogens in the traditional treatment. Because of this, antibiotics should be used sparingly. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to the expansion of a wide range of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which can then spread and evolve through genetic mutation. In recent years, more studies have shown that bacterial biofilm formation, virulence factor production, and drug resistance inhibition can be regulated by manipulating the QS system. Firstly, the working paths of several typical bacterial QS systems were summarized. The therapeutic strategies of QS for several common intestinal pathogens were reviewed to provide some references for developing new therapeutic schemes for intestinal diseases and related inhibitors of intestinal pathogens.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Quorum Sensing-Based Suppression of Intestinal Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"Safir Ullah Khan, Munir Ullah Khan, Wang Li Chen","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-10-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-10-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Quorum sensing (QS) is a way for bacteria to communicate with each other. It works by making, releasing, and identifying AIs (autoinducers). It is critical for the growth of microorganisms and is a vital component of the immune system. In the intestinal environment, Salmonella Typhimurium, Vibrio cholera, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli and other intestinal pathogens infect the host body, affecting the normal immune metabolism process of the host body, resulting in acute gastroenteritis, dysentery and other diseases. Antibiotics can treat the concurrent infection caused by intestinal pathogens in the traditional treatment. Because of this, antibiotics should be used sparingly. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to the expansion of a wide range of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which can then spread and evolve through genetic mutation. In recent years, more studies have shown that bacterial biofilm formation, virulence factor production, and drug resistance inhibition can be regulated by manipulating the QS system. Firstly, the working paths of several typical bacterial QS systems were summarized. The therapeutic strategies of QS for several common intestinal pathogens were reviewed to provide some references for developing new therapeutic schemes for intestinal diseases and related inhibitors of intestinal pathogens.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83525773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Absorption of vitamin B12 is normally complex, involves multiple carriers leading to uptake of this micronutrient in the distal small intestine. Vitamin B12 is mainly from animal sources and, after ingestion, becomes complexed to haptocorrin derived from salivary glands to prevent acid destruction in the stomach. In the duodenum, pancreatic proteases hydrolyze this haptocorrin permitting vitamin B12 binding to intrinsic factor, a protein derived from gastric parietal cells. Linkage to intrinsic factor permits trafficking to the cubulin receptor in the ileum allowing entry into the enterocyte. After uptake, vitamin B12 exits the cell linking to another carrier protein in the blood, transcobalamin II. This process allows the micronutrient to circulate systemically to other cells. In celiac disease, one or more steps in this intestinal absorptive process may be impaired leading to significant neurologic, hematologic and, often poorly appreciated, further superimposed gastrointestinal effects.
{"title":"Trafficking of Cobalamin Transport Carrier Proteins in Celiac Disease","authors":"Hugh James Freeman","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-10-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-10-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Absorption of vitamin B12 is normally complex, involves multiple carriers leading to uptake of this micronutrient in the distal small intestine. Vitamin B12 is mainly from animal sources and, after ingestion, becomes complexed to haptocorrin derived from salivary glands to prevent acid destruction in the stomach. In the duodenum, pancreatic proteases hydrolyze this haptocorrin permitting vitamin B12 binding to intrinsic factor, a protein derived from gastric parietal cells. Linkage to intrinsic factor permits trafficking to the cubulin receptor in the ileum allowing entry into the enterocyte. After uptake, vitamin B12 exits the cell linking to another carrier protein in the blood, transcobalamin II. This process allows the micronutrient to circulate systemically to other cells. In celiac disease, one or more steps in this intestinal absorptive process may be impaired leading to significant neurologic, hematologic and, often poorly appreciated, further superimposed gastrointestinal effects.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87309338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc Absorption in Health, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica and Celiac Disease","authors":"Hugh James Freeman","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-10-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-10-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86874917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iron Deficiency with Anemia in Adult Celiac Disease: Complication or Presenting Clinical Feature","authors":"Hugh James Freeman","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-10-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-10-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84185805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vasile Daniel Balaban, A. Dima, Catalin Augustin Dima, A. Popp, C. Jurcut, M. Jinga
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has immeasurably struck healthcare systems worldwide, generating disruptions in the care of chronic disease patients. We herein aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on celiac disease (CD) patients. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire with 46 cascade questions was designed and distributed through the social media channel of the Romanian CD patient association. Results: Altogether, 113 respondents accessed the questionnaire, of whom 95 adult CD patients with complete responses were included in the analysis. The median age of the surveyed participants was 44 years, with the majority (86.3%) being female. Despite concerns, the availability of gluten-free products was reported as being unchanged compared to before the pandemic by 3 out of 4 respondents. Also, our survey did not reveal significant changes regarding adherence to gluten-free diet during the pandemic, as assessed by Biagi score. However, 25.3% of respondents reported feelings of anxiety and 29.5% of depression, but only 3.2% benefited from psychological or psychiatric support. About one quarter of participants postponed their medical checkups due to fear of getting infected. One fifth of respondents declared having been infected with the novel coronavirus, but only 10% of them were hospitalized. One third of respondents had already gotten the COVID-19 vaccine and reported only minor side effects. Also, over half (57.9%) of survey participants declared they had not received enough information during the pandemic. Conclusions: Among our study respondents, availability and adherence to gluten-free diet was not markedly changed during the pandemic, but they were significantly impacted by the lack of CD-specific information about SARS-CoV2 infection and vaccination.
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Romanian Celiac Disease Patients by E-Survey","authors":"Vasile Daniel Balaban, A. Dima, Catalin Augustin Dima, A. Popp, C. Jurcut, M. Jinga","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-10-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-10-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has immeasurably struck healthcare systems worldwide, generating disruptions in the care of chronic disease patients. We herein aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on celiac disease (CD) patients. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire with 46 cascade questions was designed and distributed through the social media channel of the Romanian CD patient association. Results: Altogether, 113 respondents accessed the questionnaire, of whom 95 adult CD patients with complete responses were included in the analysis. The median age of the surveyed participants was 44 years, with the majority (86.3%) being female. Despite concerns, the availability of gluten-free products was reported as being unchanged compared to before the pandemic by 3 out of 4 respondents. Also, our survey did not reveal significant changes regarding adherence to gluten-free diet during the pandemic, as assessed by Biagi score. However, 25.3% of respondents reported feelings of anxiety and 29.5% of depression, but only 3.2% benefited from psychological or psychiatric support. About one quarter of participants postponed their medical checkups due to fear of getting infected. One fifth of respondents declared having been infected with the novel coronavirus, but only 10% of them were hospitalized. One third of respondents had already gotten the COVID-19 vaccine and reported only minor side effects. Also, over half (57.9%) of survey participants declared they had not received enough information during the pandemic. Conclusions: Among our study respondents, availability and adherence to gluten-free diet was not markedly changed during the pandemic, but they were significantly impacted by the lack of CD-specific information about SARS-CoV2 infection and vaccination.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88733294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some malignant disorders, including colorectal cancer (CRC), may be reduced in celiac disease. In this study, 154 older adults, including elderly adults over age 60 years, were seen over 30 years. All patients were biopsy-defined and treated with a gluten-free diet. A single elderly female had an early stage colon cancer in the cecum but a persistent iron deficiency anemia led to later detection of biopsy-defined celiac disease and a gluten-free diet mucosal response. This study indicates that colon cancer is rare in biopsy-defined celiac disease. In this study, there were no gastric, pancreatic or hepato-biliary tract cancers seen. Genetic and environmental dietary factors may play a role, however, the rarity of colorectal cancer in other celiac-associated colonic diseases (eg., collagenous or lymphocytic colitis) suggests that an immune-mediated protective effect may occur.
{"title":"Colorectal Cancer in Biopsy-defined Celiac Disease Seen over 30 Years: Rare, Even in Elderly Adults","authors":"Hugh J. Freeman","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-9-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-9-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"Some malignant disorders, including colorectal cancer (CRC), may be reduced in celiac disease. In this study, 154 older adults, including elderly adults over age 60 years, were seen over 30 years. All patients were biopsy-defined and treated with a gluten-free diet. A single elderly female had an early stage colon cancer in the cecum but a persistent iron deficiency anemia led to later detection of biopsy-defined celiac disease and a gluten-free diet mucosal response. This study indicates that colon cancer is rare in biopsy-defined celiac disease. In this study, there were no gastric, pancreatic or hepato-biliary tract cancers seen. Genetic and environmental dietary factors may play a role, however, the rarity of colorectal cancer in other celiac-associated colonic diseases (eg., collagenous or lymphocytic colitis) suggests that an immune-mediated protective effect may occur.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75647883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Silaghi, M. Bordea, G. Klein, Corina Tritean, G. Sur, C. Aldea, G. Samașca, T. Timiș, Ioan-Alexandru Florian, P. Makovický, P. Makovicky, K. Rimárová
mRNA vaccines are a novelty in the medical world. The researchers created these vaccines in a short time, which led to many question marks. In this article, we have analyzed the perception of the world's countries on these vaccines.
{"title":"COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines are Safe and Effective","authors":"C. Silaghi, M. Bordea, G. Klein, Corina Tritean, G. Sur, C. Aldea, G. Samașca, T. Timiș, Ioan-Alexandru Florian, P. Makovický, P. Makovicky, K. Rimárová","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-9-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-9-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"mRNA vaccines are a novelty in the medical world. The researchers created these vaccines in a short time, which led to many question marks. In this article, we have analyzed the perception of the world's countries on these vaccines.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88609282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter is summarizing the pathophysiological, clinical and possible therapeutic relationship between dietary gluten and schizophrenia. In a short, updated overview we would highlight the mounting evidence of the possible efficiency of a gluten-free diet and the need of considering this option in managing schizophrenia.
{"title":"Gluten and Schizophrenia: What’s Next?","authors":"N. Boutrid, H. Rahmoune, M. Amrane","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-9-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-9-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"This letter is summarizing the pathophysiological, clinical and possible therapeutic relationship between dietary gluten and schizophrenia. In a short, updated overview we would highlight the mounting evidence of the possible efficiency of a gluten-free diet and the need of considering this option in managing schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85328158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kabuki Syndrome is a rare genetic condition with a large panel of manifestations, including digestive symptoms that may simulate a celiac disease. We present a case of a very rare presentation of Kabuki Syndrome type 2.
{"title":"A Celiac Mimicry: Kabuki Syndrome","authors":"H. Rahmoune, N. Boutrid, Nadji Djerrad","doi":"10.12691/ijcd-9-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-9-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Kabuki Syndrome is a rare genetic condition with a large panel of manifestations, including digestive symptoms that may simulate a celiac disease. We present a case of a very rare presentation of Kabuki Syndrome type 2.","PeriodicalId":13927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Celiac Disease","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91041660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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