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Zn Electrodeposition on Single-Crystal GaN(0001) Surface: Nucleation and Growth Mechanism 单晶GaN(0001)表面Zn电沉积:成核和生长机制
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2016-02-09 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3212703
Fei Peng, S. Qin, Yu Zhao, Gebo Pan
The electrochemical deposition of zinc on single-crystal -type GaN(0001) from a sulphate solution has been investigated on the basis of electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and Tafel plot. The morphology and crystal structure of zinc deposits have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The result has revealed that the deposition of Zn on GaN electrode commenced at a potential of −1.12 V versus Ag/AgCl. According to the Tafel plot, an exchange current density of ~0.132 mA cm−2 was calculated. In addition, the current transient measurements have shown that Zn deposition process followed the instantaneous nucleation in 10 mM ZnSO4
利用循环伏安法、计时安培法和Tafel图等电化学技术,研究了锌在硫酸盐溶液中在单晶GaN(0001)上的电化学沉积。利用扫描电子显微镜、x射线衍射和能量色散x射线分析对锌矿床的形貌和晶体结构进行了表征。结果表明,锌在GaN电极上的沉积始于−1.12 V对Ag/AgCl的电位。根据Tafel图,计算得到了~0.132 mA cm−2的交换电流密度。此外,电流瞬态测量结果表明,在10mm ZnSO4中,Zn的沉积过程遵循瞬时成核
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引用次数: 4
Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Palladium-Copper Nanoalloys with Improved Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Electrooxidation 形状控制合成具有提高乙醇电氧化催化活性的钯铜纳米合金
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2016-02-04 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4261012
Hao Wang, Wei‐hua Yang, Qin-hao Zhang, Qingchao Qiu
A facile solvothermal strategy is developed for the preparation of nanometer sized Pd-Cu alloy. We can control the morphology of these alloys with the use of ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of KOH. Namely, by increasing the concentration of KOH/EG, the Pd-Cu alloys with different morphologies from near-spherical nanoparticles (NPs) to nanorods and nanowire networks have been prepared. Among all these alloys, near-spherical Pd-Cu NPs-modified electrodes exhibit the highest catalytic activity (11.7 mA/cm2) and stability toward the electrooxidation of ethanol in comparison with commercial Pd/C-modified ones (2.1 mA/cm2).
提出了一种简便的溶剂热法制备纳米级钯铜合金的方法。我们可以在KOH的存在下使用乙二醇(EG)来控制这些合金的形貌。即,通过增加KOH/EG的浓度,可以制备出从近球形纳米颗粒到纳米棒和纳米线网络等不同形貌的Pd-Cu合金。在所有这些合金中,近球形Pd- cu修饰电极对乙醇电氧化的催化活性(11.7 mA/cm2)和稳定性高于商业Pd/ c修饰电极(2.1 mA/cm2)。
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引用次数: 7
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Copper Electrodeposition in a Modified Hull Cell 改性壳电池电沉积铜的理论与实验研究
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2016-02-04 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3482406
Srinivas Palli, S. Dey
The primary current distribution and the resistance of a modified Hull cell are calculated by using conformal mapping technique coupled with numerical evaluation of the resulting integral equations. An approximate analytical expression for the primary current distribution of a modified Hull cell is presented. The primary current distribution along the cathode surface is noticed varying in controlled manner as a function of position on the substrate. The current distributions (primary, secondary, and tertiary) in the cell have also been calculated at different applied average current densities (2, 4.1, and 8.2 mA cm−2) through numerical simulation by using finite element based software. The numerical simulation result of the primary current distribution is then compared with the analytical solution and a good match is found. Experimentally, single Cu metal electrodeposition is carried out at different applied average current densities (2, 4.1, and 8.2 mA cm−2) in a modified Hull. The current distribution (primary, secondary, and tertiary) results obtained from the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental results and a satisfactory match is found. Surface morphology of the Cu deposits is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
采用保角映射技术,结合积分方程的数值计算,计算了改进的赫尔电池的一次电流分布和电阻。给出了改进后的赫尔电池一次电流分布的近似解析表达式。沿阴极表面的一次电流分布作为衬底上位置的函数以受控方式变化。在不同的平均电流密度(2、4.1和8.2 mA cm−2)下,通过基于有限元的软件进行数值模拟,计算了电池中的电流分布(一次、二次和三次)。将一次电流分布的数值模拟结果与解析解进行了比较,发现两者吻合较好。实验中,在不同的施加平均电流密度(2、4.1和8.2 mA cm−2)下,在改进的壳体中进行了单铜金属电沉积。将数值模拟得到的一次、二次、三次电流分布结果与实验结果进行了比较,结果吻合较好。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了铜镀层的表面形貌。
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引用次数: 8
Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of Residues of Carbendazim Using a Fullerene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion/Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode 富勒烯/多壁碳纳米管/钠离子/涂覆玻碳电极方波伏安法测定多菌灵残留量
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2016-01-31 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7839708
Djimadoum N. Teadoum, Seraphine K. Noumbo, K. Arnaud, Temgoua T. Ranil, A. Ze, I. Tonle
A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a fullerene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Nafion composite and applied to the determination of carbendazim, a fungicide. The voltammetric behavior of the analyte was investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), on the bare GCE and on the same electrode coated by a thin film of the composite material. The electrode response was more than fourfold important on the modified electrode, due to electrical conductivity of fullerene and MWCNT and to favorable electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged Nafion and the protonated fungicide. A sensitive electroanalytical procedure based on Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) was then developed to detect the analyte. Under the optimum conditions, a linear relationship was obtained between the peak current and the concentration of carbendazim, in the range from 2.0 × 10−8 mol/L to 3.5 × 10−7 mol/L, leading to a detection limit of 1.7 × 10−8 mol/L and to a quantification limit of 5.57 × 10−8 mol/L. The developed procedure was successfully applied to detect carbendazim upon adsorption by some ferritic soils.
用富勒烯/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/Nafion复合材料修饰玻碳电极(GCE),并将其用于杀菌剂多菌灵的测定。用循环伏安法(CV)研究了分析物在裸GCE和涂有复合材料薄膜的同一电极上的伏安行为。由于富勒烯和MWCNT的导电性以及带负电荷的Nafion和质子化杀菌剂之间良好的静电相互作用,电极响应在修饰电极上的重要性超过四倍。建立了基于方波伏安法(SWV)的灵敏电分析方法来检测分析物。在最佳条件下,峰电流与多菌灵浓度在2.0 × 10−8 mol/L ~ 3.5 × 10−7 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.7 × 10−8 mol/L,定量限为5.57 × 10−8 mol/L。该方法成功地应用于铁质土壤对多菌灵的吸附检测。
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引用次数: 15
Utility of Activated Glassy Carbon and Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Voltammetric Determination of Nalbuphine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical and Biological Fluids 活性炭和铅笔石墨电极伏安法测定制药和生物液中盐酸纳布啡的应用
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2016-01-27 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8621234
H. Elqudaby, H. Hendawy, E. Souaya, G. Mohamed, Ghada M. G. Eldin
This work compares voltammetric response of nalbuphine hydrochloride (NP·HCl) at both activated glassy carbon and pencil graphite electrodes. The electrochemical oxidation of the drug was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. For analytical purpose a well-resolved irreversible diffusion controlled voltammetric peak was established in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution of pH 6.00 using pencil graphite electrode (PGE). Using activated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) a well-resolved irreversible diffusion controlled voltammetric peak was obtained at pH 7.00 using the same buffer solution. According to the linear relationship between the peak current and NP·HCl concentration, DPV and SWV methods were developed for their quantitative determination in pharmaceutical and human biological fluids. The linear response was obtained in the range from to mol L−1 using PGE and from to mol L−1 using a GC electrode, respectively. Precision and accuracy of the developed method were checked by recovery studies.
本研究比较了盐酸纳布啡(NP·HCl)在活性炭和铅笔石墨电极上的伏安响应。采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了该药物的电化学氧化过程。采用铅笔石墨电极(PGE)在pH为6.00的布里顿-罗宾逊(B-R)缓冲溶液中建立了一个分辨良好的不可逆扩散控制伏安峰。使用相同的缓冲溶液,在pH为7.00时,用活性炭电极(GCE)获得了一个分辨良好的不可逆扩散控制伏安峰。根据峰值电流与NP·HCl浓度之间的线性关系,建立了DPV法和SWV法在制药和人体生物液中的定量测定。PGE法和GC电极法分别在~ mol L−1和~ mol L−1范围内得到了线性响应。通过回收率研究验证了该方法的精密度和准确度。
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引用次数: 14
A Method for the Simultaneous Cleansing of H2S and SO2 一种同时净化H2S和SO2的方法
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2016-01-17 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7628761
D. Uzun, E. Razkazova-Velkova, V. Beschkov, K. Petrov
A method for the simultaneous electrochemical purification of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide from sea water or industrial wastes is proposed. Fundamentally the method is based on the electrochemical affinity of the pair H2S and SO2. The reactions (oxidation of H2S and reduction of SO2) proceed on а proper catalyst in a flow reactor, without an external power by electrochemical means. The partial curves of oxidation of H2S and reduction of SO2 have been studied electrochemically on different catalysts. Following the additive principle the rate of the process has been found by intersection of the curves. The overall process rate has been studied in a flow type reactor. Similar values of the process rate have been found and these prove the electrochemical mechanism of the reactions. As a result the electrochemical method at adequate conditions is developed. The process is able to completely convert the initial reagents (concentrations ), which is difficult given the chemical kinetics.
提出了一种电化学同时净化海水或工业废水中硫化氢和二氧化硫的方法。从根本上说,该方法是基于对H2S和SO2的电化学亲和力。反应(H2S的氧化和SO2的还原)在流动反应器中使用合适的催化剂进行,不需要外部的电化学电源。研究了不同催化剂上H2S氧化和SO2还原的部分曲线。根据加性原理,通过曲线交点求出了该过程的速率。在流动型反应器中研究了总工艺速率。发现了相似的反应速率值,证明了反应的电化学机理。因此,在适当的条件下,发展了电化学方法。该过程能够完全转换初始试剂(浓度),这在化学动力学中是困难的。
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引用次数: 5
Nanoscaled Electrocatalytic Optically Modulated ZnO Nanoparticles through Green Process of Punica granatum L. and Their Antibacterial Activities 石榴绿法制备纳米电催化光调制ZnO及其抑菌活性研究
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4682967
X. Fuku, A. Diallo, M. Maaza
Most recently, green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles has become an interesting subject of the nanoscience and nanotechnology. The use of plant systems has been deemed a green route and a dependable method for nanoparticle biosynthesis, owing to its environmental friendly nature. The present work demonstrates the bioreductive green synthesis of nanosized zinc oxide (ZnO) using peel extracts of pomegranate. Highly crystalline ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) which are 5 nm in particle size were characterised by HRTEM and XRD. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of the biomolecules and formation of plant protein-coated ZnO NPs and also the pure ZnO NPs. Electrochemical investigation revealed the redox properties and the conductivity of the as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles. The optical band gap of ZnO NPs was calculated to be 3.48 eV which indicates that ZnO NPs can be used in metal oxide semiconductor-based devices. Further, the nanomaterials were also found to be good inhibitors of bacterial strains at both low and high concentrations of 5–10 mg mL−1.
近年来,金属氧化物纳米颗粒的绿色合成已成为纳米科学和纳米技术研究的热点。由于其环境友好性,植物系统的使用被认为是纳米颗粒生物合成的绿色途径和可靠方法。研究了以石榴皮提取物为原料,生物还原绿色合成纳米氧化锌的方法。采用HRTEM和XRD对粒径为5 nm的高结晶ZnO纳米粒子进行了表征。FT-IR光谱证实了生物分子的存在和植物蛋白包被ZnO NPs的形成,以及纯ZnO NPs的形成。电化学研究揭示了制备的ZnO纳米颗粒的氧化还原性能和电导率。计算出ZnO NPs的光学带隙为3.48 eV,表明ZnO NPs可用于金属氧化物半导体器件。此外,在5-10 mg mL−1的低浓度和高浓度下,纳米材料也被发现是细菌菌株的良好抑制剂。
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引用次数: 34
Investigation of Imbalanced Activated Carbon Electrode Supercapacitors 不平衡活性炭电极超级电容器的研究
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2015-12-30 DOI: 10.1155/2015/801217
T. He, X. Ren, Junping Nie, Jun Ying, K. Cai
Imbalanced supercapacitor was constructed by using various ratio of activated carbon (AC) of positive to negative electrode. The electrochemical behavior of imbalanced supercapacitor was investigated using 1.0 M spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate electrolyte in propylene carbonate. The results showed that there are some factors that influenced the imbalanced supercapacitor with different AC ratio of positive to negative electrode, the utilization of AC, electrode potential distribution, and life cycle. The imbalanced supercapacitor with an AC weight ratio of 80 : 120 of positive to negative electrode has an average potential distribution in each electrode, and it revealed the best electrochemical performance: specific capacitor was 39.6 Fg−1, while the charge-discharge efficiency was 97.2% after 2000 life cycle tests.
采用不同比例的正负极活性炭(AC)构建了不平衡超级电容器。采用1.0 M四氟硼酸螺-(1,1′)-联吡咯吡啶在碳酸丙烯酯中电解质,研究了不平衡超级电容器的电化学行为。结果表明,影响非平衡超级电容器正负极交流比、交流利用率、电极电位分布和寿命周期的因素有很多。正负极交流重量比为80:120的非平衡超级电容器在各电极上具有平均电位分布,表现出最佳的电化学性能:经过2000次寿命循环试验,比电容为39.6 Fg−1,充放电效率为97.2%。
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引用次数: 4
A Novel Electrochemical Method for Protionamide Determination Based on Its Interaction with Alizarin Red S 基于与茜素红S相互作用的新型测定丙硫酰胺的电化学方法
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2015-08-20 DOI: 10.1155/2015/151390
Weili Zhang, Xueliang Niu, Hua Zhang, Qingqing Jiang, Pingping Zhang
The interaction of protionamide with alizarin red S (ARS) and its analytical application were carefully investigated in this contribution. The interaction conditions were carefully studied and optimized by cyclic voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the cyclic voltammetry curve of ARS showed an oxidation peak with the peak potential of 0.57 V. After the addition of protionamide to the ARS solution, the peak potential was negatively moved, and meanwhile the oxidation peak current decreased apparently to the concentration of protionamide and then a new method for the protionamide determination was established. The linear equation between the decreasing current (Δip) and protionamide concentration was got as Δip (μA) = 0.01514 (mg/L) −0.01553   with the linear range of 10.0~50.0 mg/L, and the detection limit () was got as 8.25 μg/mL. The effects of coexisting substances on the determination were carefully investigated and the protionamide artificial and tablet samples were detected with satisfactory results.
本文研究了丙硫胺与茜素红S (ARS)的相互作用及其分析应用。采用循环伏安法对相互作用条件进行了研究和优化。在最优条件下,ARS循环伏安曲线出现氧化峰,峰电位为0.57 V。在ARS溶液中加入protionamide后,峰电位发生负移动,氧化峰电流随protionamide浓度的增加而明显减小,从而建立了一种新的测定protionamide的方法。在10.0~50.0 mg/L的线性范围内,得到降低电流(Δip)与丙硫酰胺浓度的线性关系为Δip (μA) = 0.01514 (mg/L) ~ 0.01553,检出限()为8.25 μg/mL。研究了共存物质对含量测定的影响,并对丙硫酰胺人工样品和片剂样品进行了检测,结果令人满意。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Hydrophilized Graphite Felt for Electrochemical Heavy Metals Detection (Pb2+, Hg2+) 亲水石墨毡电化学检测重金属(Pb2+, Hg2+)性能评价
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2015-07-08 DOI: 10.1155/2015/890425
Laila Bouabdalaoui, Benjamin Le Ouay, T. Coradin, C. Laberty‐Robert
Hydrophilized graphite felt has been used, for the first time, for the electrochemical detection of Hg2+ ions both as single metal species and via its simultaneous detection with Pb2+. To do so, square wave voltammetry (SWV) method was developed with alginate modified graphite felt as working electrode. The structure of the graphite felt such as its high porosity and specific surface area coupled with its good electrical conductivity allows achieving large peak currents via the SWV method, suggesting that the alginate coating helps to preconcentrate metals at the carbon surface. The as-described electrode has low cost, it is easy to manipulate, and the electrochemical analysis can be performed by simple immersion of the felt in the metal solution.
本文首次将亲水性石墨毡用于Hg2+的电化学检测,既可作为单一金属形态,又可与Pb2+同时检测。为此,建立了以海藻酸盐改性石墨毡为工作电极的方波伏安法(SWV)。石墨毡的结构,如高孔隙率和比表面积,加上良好的导电性,可以通过SWV方法获得较大的峰值电流,这表明海藻酸盐涂层有助于在碳表面预富集金属。所述电极成本低,易于操作,并且可以通过简单地将毛毡浸入金属溶液中进行电化学分析。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
International journal of electrochemistry
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