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Low-Temperature Conductivity Study of Multiorganic Solvent Electrolyte for Lithium-Sulfur Rechargeable Battery Application 锂硫二次电池用多有机溶剂电解质的低温电导率研究
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-11-30 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8192931
Ravi Dharavath, Ashwin Murali, Abdul Wasi Tarapathi, Balasubramanian Trichy Srinivasan, R. Kammili
The conductivity of an electrolyte plays a significant role in deciding the performance of any battery over a wide temperature range from −40°C to 60°C. In this work, the conductivity of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) at a varied salt concentration range from 0.2 M to 2.0 M in a multisolvent organic electrolyte system over a wide temperature range from −40°C to 60°C is reported. The mixed solvents used were 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) with an equal ratio of DOL : DME : TEGDME (1 : 1 : 1 by volume). The experimental analysis performed over a wide temperature range revealed the maximum conductivity at salt concentrations ranging from 1.0 M to 1.4 M for equal molar solvents. The optimum salt concentration and maximum conductivity in a different solvent composition ratio (i.e., 3 : 2 : 1) for all the temperatures is reported herein. The temperature-dependence conductivity of the salt concentration did not fit the Arrhenius plot, but it resembled the Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher plot behavior. The present conductivity study was carried out to evaluate the overall operable temperature limit of the electrolyte used in the lithium-sulfur battery.
电解质的导电性在−40°C至60°C的宽温度范围内对决定任何电池的性能起着重要作用。在这项工作中,双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)在不同盐浓度下的电导率范围为0.2 M至2.0 据报道,在−40°C至60°C的宽温度范围内,多溶剂有机电解质体系中的M。使用的混合溶剂为1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(DME)和四乙二醇二甲醚(TEGDME),DOL比例相等 : DME : TEGDME(1 : 1. : 1体积)。在宽温度范围内进行的实验分析显示,在1.0的盐浓度范围内,电导率最大 M至1.4 M表示等摩尔溶剂。在不同的溶剂组成比(即,3 : 2. : 1) 对于所有温度,本文都进行了报道。盐浓度的温度依赖性电导率不符合Arrhenius图,但类似于Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher图行为。进行本导电性研究是为了评估锂硫电池中使用的电解质的总体可操作温度极限。
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引用次数: 5
Straight-Parallel Electrodes and Variable Gap for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions 氢析氧反应的直平行电极和可变间隙
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5392452
M. J. Lavorante, Carla Yanina Reynoso, J. Franco
The challenges to be overtaken with alkaline water electrolysis are the reduction of energy consumption, the maintenance, and the cost as well as the increase of durability, reliability, and safety. Having these challenges in mind, this work focused on the reduction of the electrical resistance of the electrolyte which directly affects energy consumption. According to the definition of electrical resistance of an object, the reduction of the space between electrodes could lower the electrical resistance but, in this process, the formation of bubbles could modify this affirmation. In this work, the performance analyses of nine different spaces between stainless steel 316L electrodes were carried out, although the spaces proposed are not the same as those from the positive electrode (anode) to the separator and from the separator to the negative electrode (cathode). The reason why this is studied is that stoichiometry of the reaction states that two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen can be obtained per every two moles of water. The proposed spaces were 10.65, 9.20, 8.25, 7.25, 6.30, 6.05, 4.35, 4.15, and 3.40 millimetres. From the nine different analysed distances between electrodes, it can be said that the best performance was reached by one of the smallest distances proposed, 4.15 mm. When the same distance between electrodes was compared (the same and different distance between electrodes and separator), the one that had almost twice the distance (negative compartment) presented an increase in current density of approximately 33% with respect to that where both distances (from electrodes to separator) are the same. That indicates that the stichometry of the electrolysis reaction influenced the performance.
碱水电解需要克服的挑战是降低能耗、维护和成本以及提高耐久性、可靠性和安全性。考虑到这些挑战,这项工作的重点是降低直接影响能量消耗的电解质的电阻。根据物体电阻的定义,电极间距的减小可以降低电阻,但在此过程中,气泡的形成会改变这一定义。在这项工作中,对不锈钢316L电极之间的9个不同空间进行了性能分析,尽管所提出的空间与正极(阳极)到分离器和分离器到负极(阴极)的空间不同。研究这个的原因是化学计量学表明每2摩尔的水可以得到2摩尔的氢和1摩尔的氧。建议的空间分别为10.65、9.20、8.25、7.25、6.30、6.05、4.35、4.15和3.40毫米。从所分析的9个不同的电极之间的距离来看,我们可以说,其中一个最小的距离(4.15 mm)达到了最佳性能。当电极之间的距离相同(电极与分离器之间的距离相同和不同)时,与两种距离(从电极到分离器)相同的距离相比,具有几乎两倍距离的电极(负隔室)呈现出约33%的电流密度增加。说明电解反应的配比对电解性能有一定的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Increased Cycling Performance of Li-Ion Batteries by Phosphoric Acid Modified LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes in the Presence of LiBOB LiBOB存在下磷酸改性LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4阴极提高锂离子电池循环性能
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-07-04 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8636540
Maheeka Yapa Abeywardana, N. Laszczynski, M. Kuenzel, D. Bresser, S. Passerini, B. Lucht
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), which has an operating voltage of 4.8 vs Li/Li+ and a theoretical capacity of 147 mAh g−1, is an interesting cathode material for advanced lithium ion batteries. However, electrolyte decomposition at the electrode can gradually decrease the capacity of the battery. In this study, the surface of the LNMO cathode has been modified with phosphoric acid (PA) to improve the capacity of the LNMO/graphite full cell. Modification of LNMO cathodes by PA is confirmed by surface analysis. Additionally, the presence of lithium bis-(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) as an electrolyte additive further enhances the performance of PA modified LNMO/graphite cells. The improved performance of PA modified cathodes and electrolytes containing LiBOB can be attributed to the suppressed Mn and Ni deposition on the anode. Elemental analysis suggests that the Mn and Ni dissolution is significantly reduced compared to unmodified LNMO/graphite cells with standard electrolyte.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO)的工作电压为4.8 vs Li/Li+,理论容量为147 mAh g−1,是先进锂离子电池的一种有趣的正极材料。然而,电解质在电极处的分解会逐渐降低电池的容量。在本研究中,用磷酸(PA)对LNMO阴极的表面进行了改性,以提高LNMO/石墨全电池的容量。通过表面分析证实了PA对LNMO阴极的改性。此外,双(草酸)硼酸锂(LiBOB)作为电解质添加剂的存在进一步增强了PA改性的LNMO/石墨电池的性能。PA改性的阴极和含有LiBOB的电解质的性能提高可归因于抑制了Mn和Ni在阳极上的沉积。元素分析表明,与具有标准电解质的未改性LNMO/石墨电池相比,Mn和Ni的溶解显著减少。
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引用次数: 16
Synthesis, Cyclic Voltammetric, Electrochemical, and Gravimetric Corrosion Inhibition Investigations of Schiff Base Derived from 5,5-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione and 2-Aminophenol on Mild Steel in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己烷二酮和2-氨基苯酚衍生的席夫碱在1M HCl和0.5M H2SO4中对软钢的合成、循环伏安、电化学和重量缓蚀研究
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1094148
Ragi Kooliyat, Joby Thomas Kakkassery, V. P. Raphael, Sini Varghese Cheruvathur, Binsi M. Paulson
Schiff base 2,2’-(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-diylidene)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene) diphenol (DmChDp) was synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods (IR, UV, NMR, and Mass) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies. The corrosion inhibition potency of (DmChDp) on mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl and 0.5M H2SO4 was investigated. The corrosion monitoring techniques employed for this purpose are gravimetric and electrochemical methods (EIS and potentiodynamic polarization studies). The study reveals that the Schiff base, DmChDp, acts as excellent corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in 1M HCl. DmChDp obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm both in 1M HCl and 0.5M H2SO4 on MS. Polarization studies show that DmChDp behaves as a mixed type inhibitor in both media. Scanning electron microscopic analysis established the protective nature of DmChDp on mild steel surface. The impact of temperature on the corrosion of MS was also evaluated using gravimetric method.
合成了席夫碱2,2'-(5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二亚基)双(氮杂-1-基-1-亚基)二酚(DmChDp),并用光谱法(IR、UV、NMR和质谱)和循环伏安法(CV)对其进行了表征。研究了(DmChDp)在1M HCl和0.5M H2SO4中对软钢(MS)的缓蚀性能。用于此目的的腐蚀监测技术是重量法和电化学法(EIS和动电位极化研究)。研究表明,席夫碱DmChDp在1M盐酸中对软钢具有良好的缓蚀作用。在MS上,DmChDp在1M HCl和0.5M H2SO4中均服从Langmuir吸附等温线。极化研究表明,DmChDp在两种介质中都表现为混合型抑制剂。扫描电子显微镜分析证实了DmChDp对软钢表面的保护作用。采用重量法评价了温度对MS腐蚀的影响。
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引用次数: 15
Electrical Conductivity of Films Formed by Few-Layer Graphene Structures Obtained by Plasma-Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite 等离子体辅助石墨电化学剥离制备的少层石墨烯结构薄膜的电导率
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-04-28 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6478708
V. Vasiliev, R. Manzhos, A. Krivenko
Current-voltage characteristics of few-layer graphene structures (FLGS) obtained by plasma-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in Na2SO4 solution were measured. FLGS are shown to possess electronic conductivity, which indicates the predominant functionalization of the edges of graphene planes and the preservation of the structure of basal planes in obtained nanostructures as in the source graphite. The effect of humidity on the conductivity of FLGS films was studied. The resistance of films was found to increase with an increase in the relative humidity of the environment due to the shielding of FLGS flakes by a film of water. The effect of different solvents on the current-voltage characteristics of FLGS was analyzed. The conductivity of films significantly decreased in vapors of polar protic solvents, while there was a minor effect of nonpolar aprotic solvents on the conductivity of FLGS films.
研究了等离子体辅助石墨在Na2SO4溶液中电化学剥离得到的少层石墨烯结构(FLGS)的电流电压特性。FLGS被证明具有电子导电性,这表明在获得的纳米结构中,石墨烯平面边缘的主要功能化和基面结构的保存与石墨源一样。研究了湿度对FLGS薄膜电导率的影响。由于水膜对FLGS薄片的屏蔽作用,薄膜的电阻随着环境相对湿度的增加而增加。分析了不同溶剂对FLGS电流-电压特性的影响。极性质子溶剂蒸气中膜的电导率显著降低,而非极性非质子溶剂蒸气对FLGS膜的电导率影响较小。
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引用次数: 4
Development of an In-Field Method for the Detection of Barium in Various Water Samples Using Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry 差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法检测各种水样中钡的现场方法的建立
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5813492
S. Ridgway, M. Wajrak
This work presents a reliable, cost-effective, rapid and in-field voltammetric method for the detection of barium. The optimized method consists of an ultrathin mercury film deposited in situ on a glassy carbon electrode in dilute potassium chloride without deoxygenation, using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV). Application of the method allowed for the quantitative determination of barium concentration in a variety of waters and brake pad dust samples. Comparative analysis of sample results from DP-ASV with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) showed a mean percent difference of 1.8%.
本工作提出了一种可靠、经济、快速、现场伏安法检测钡。优化的方法包括使用微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法(DP-ASV)在稀氯化钾中在玻碳电极上原位沉积超薄汞膜,而不进行脱氧。该方法的应用允许定量测定各种水中和制动片灰尘样品中的钡浓度。DP-ASV的样品结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)的比较分析显示平均百分比差异为1.8%。
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引用次数: 4
The Electrochemical Variation of a Kind of Protein Staining and Food Dye as a New Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium 一种蛋白质染色及食用染料作为新型缓蚀剂在酸性介质中对低碳钢的电化学变化
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-03-03 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5743952
D. Özkır
In this study, the relevance of a food dye, namely, Fast Green-FCF (FG-FCF), was surveyed as a new inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution. This effect was specified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), one of the most widely used measurement techniques. As a result of the increment of the inhibitor concentration, it was seen that the values ​​of polarization resistance increased and covered the metal surface of FG-FCF like a blanket. Tests endorse that the FG-FCF is chemically adsorbed on mild steel surface, according to the Langmuir isotherm. With surface characteristic analyses, such as field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), it was further determined that the metal surface in HCl of FG-FCF was protected. By applying the hydrogen gas evolution technique, FG-FCF has been proven to provide the lowest surface area with all inhibited solutions from the blank due to its strong adsorption to the metal surface. Finally, it has been clarified that FG-FCF can be practically used as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel with the supported results.
在本研究中,调查了一种食品染料,即快速绿色FCF(FG-FCF)作为一种新的缓蚀剂在盐酸溶液中对软钢的相关性。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)是最广泛使用的测量技术之一,它详细说明了这种效应。作为抑制剂浓度增加的结果,可以看出​​极化电阻的增加并像毯子一样覆盖FG-FCF的金属表面。根据Langmuir等温线,测试表明FG-FCF在软钢表面被化学吸附。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等表面特性分析,进一步确定了FG-FCF在HCl中的金属表面受到了保护。通过应用析氢技术,FG-FCF已被证明,由于其对金属表面的强烈吸附,在所有来自坯料的抑制溶液中都能提供最低的表面积。最后,阐明了FG-FCF可以作为一种良好的低碳钢缓蚀剂在实践中得到支持。
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引用次数: 11
Voltammetric Determination of Uric Acid in Clinical Serum Samples Using DMF Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes 使用DMF修饰的丝网印刷碳电极伏安法测定临床血清样品中的尿酸
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-02-03 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6318515
Melaku Metto, Samrawit Eramias, Bekele Gelagay, Alemayehu P Washe
Screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) provide attractive opportunity for sensitive and selective determination target analytes in clinical samples. The aim of the current work was to develop SPCEs based sensor for the determination of uric acid in clinical serum samples. The electrodes were pretreated by soaking in N,N-dimethylformamide for 5 minutes followed by drying in an oven at 100°C for 20 mins. The effect of surface pretreatment was characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The current response of uric acid detection was improved by a factor of 3.5 in differential pulse voltammetric measurement compared to unmodified electrode. Under the optimized conditions, the sensor displayed two dynamic linear ranges 5-100 μM and 100-500 μM with correlation coefficient, R2, values of 0.98782 and 0.97876, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification calculated using the dynamic linear range 5-100 μM were 1.9 x 10−7 M and 6.33 x 10−7 M, respectively. The developed sensor displayed well separated and discerned peaks for UA in presence of the potential interferent (ascorbic acid and citric acid). The electrode was successfully applied for the detection of very low level of UA in clinical serum samples in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7). The proposed sensor showed a very high reproducibility and repeatability with the relative standard deviation of 0.9%. In conclusion, a simple and low cost sensor based on SPCEs is developed for sensitive and selective detection of uric acid in clinical samples.
丝网印刷碳电极(SPCE)为临床样品中敏感和选择性测定目标分析物提供了有吸引力的机会。目前工作的目的是开发基于SPCEs的传感器,用于测定临床血清样品中的尿酸。电极通过在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中浸泡5分钟进行预处理,然后在100°C的烘箱中干燥20分钟。用循环伏安法表征了表面预处理的效果。在微分脉冲伏安测量中,与未修饰的电极相比,尿酸检测的电流响应提高了3.5倍。在优化条件下,传感器显示出5-100μM和100-500μM两个动态线性范围,相关系数R2分别为0.98782和0.97876。使用5-100μM的动态线性范围计算的检测限和定量限分别为1.9 x 10−7M和6.33 x 10−7M。在存在潜在干扰物质(抗坏血酸和柠檬酸)的情况下,所开发的传感器显示出良好分离和辨别的UA峰。该电极成功应用于在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=7)中检测临床血清样品中非常低水平的UA。所提出的传感器显示出非常高的再现性和重复性,相对标准偏差为0.9%。总之,开发了一种基于SPCEs的简单低成本传感器,用于灵敏和选择性地检测临床样品中的尿酸。
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引用次数: 12
Arc Thermal Spray NiCr20 Alloy Coating: Fabrication, Sealant, Heat Treatment, Wear, and Corrosion Resistances 电弧热喷涂NiCr20合金涂层:制造,密封,热处理,耐磨和耐腐蚀性
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8796958
V. Nguyễn, Q. L. Thu, T. Nguyen, Quoc Cuong Ly, Ly Pham Thi, Ha Pham Thi, Thanh Dinh Thi Mai
This study presents the effect of heat treatment on porosity, phase composition, microhardness, and wear and corrosion resistances of the thermal sprayed NiCr20 coating after sealing with aluminum phosphate. The annealing temperatures were varied in a range of 400 to 1000°C. The obtained results indicated the porosity of coating decreased with increasing the annealing temperature. After treatment at temperatures in range of 800-1000°C, more than 90% of initial pores in the coating were successfully filled with the sealants. The XRD data revealed not only the formation of new phases of other compounds, but also the interaction between coating and sealant. After heat treatment, wear resistance of coating was 12 times higher than that without heat treatment. The corrosion test in H2SO4 solution indicated that the presence of sealant in coatings increased their corrosion resistance. From these findings, application of these NiCr20 coatings to protect steel against wear and corrosion appears very promising.
研究了热处理对磷酸铝封孔后热喷涂NiCr20涂层的孔隙率、相组成、显微硬度以及耐磨腐蚀性能的影响。退火温度在400至1000°C的范围内变化。结果表明,涂层孔隙率随退火温度的升高而降低。在800-1000°C的温度范围内处理后,涂层中90%以上的初始孔隙被密封剂成功填充。XRD数据不仅揭示了其他化合物新相的形成,还揭示了涂层和密封剂之间的相互作用。热处理后涂层的耐磨性是未热处理的12倍。在H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀试验表明,涂层中密封剂的存在提高了涂层的耐腐蚀性。从这些发现来看,应用这些NiCr20涂层来保护钢免受磨损和腐蚀似乎非常有前景。
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引用次数: 3
Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives and Its Evaluation as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel 1,2,3-三唑衍生物的合成及其对碳钢缓蚀剂的评价
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2019-01-22 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6759478
Gabriel O. Resende, S. Teixeira,, I. F. Figueiredo, Alexandre A. Godoy, Dafne Júlia F. Lougon, B. Cotrim, F. C. Souza
Heterocyclic compounds containing the 1,2,3-triazole moiety can be synthesized through click-chemistry, which is rapid reactions with good yields allowing the synthesis of great derivatives diversity by making minor changes in the reagents. The products were obtained with good yields through a synthetic route which uses ready available nonexpensive commercial reagents and without any further purification of any product or intermediate. The carbon steel anticorrosive activity was tested through weight loss and electrochemical assays in acid media. It was observed relevant inhibition efficiency (> 90%) for inhibitors 1 and 2. From Langmuir isotherm, it was hypothesized the adsorption of inhibitors on the carbon steel surface might occur by physical and chemical interaction; however, the activation energy raised suggests a physisorption process for the interaction of the inhibitor on the carbon steel surface.
含有1,2,3-三唑的杂环化合物可以通过点击化学合成,这是一种快速、产率高的反应,只需改变少量试剂,就可以合成多种多样的衍生物。该合成路线使用现成的廉价商业试剂,无需进一步提纯任何产品或中间体,产品收率高。用失重法和电化学法测定了碳钢在酸性介质中的防腐性能。观察到抑制剂1和2的抑制率为90%。从Langmuir等温线推测,缓蚀剂在碳钢表面的吸附可能是通过物理和化学相互作用发生的;然而,活化能的提高表明缓蚀剂在碳钢表面的相互作用是一个物理吸附过程。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
International journal of electrochemistry
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