International journal of electrochemistry最新文献

英文中文

Synthesis and Electrocatalytical Application of Hybrid Pd/Metal Oxides/MWCNTs 钯/金属氧化物/MWCNTs杂化材料的合成及其电催化应用

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2018-06-06 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8416268

Yuh-Jing Chiou, Guozhi Wu, Hong‐Ming Lin, A. Borodziński, P. Kędzierzawski, L. Stobiński

The performance of Pd electrocatalysts for formic acid electrooxidation was improved by application of metal oxide-multiwall carbon nanotubes composites as a catalyst support. Hybrid oxides/MWCNTs were synthesized by two different methods: chemical reduction method and impregnation method. Pd based catalysts were synthesized by polyol method on the MWCNTs or oxide/MWCNTs composites. The In2O3 was deposited on MWCNTs by impregnation method (In2O3/MWCNTs-IM support) and in the presence of NaBH4 (In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4 support). The physical properties of the Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs-IM, Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4, Pd/SnO2/MWCNTs, and Pd/MWCNTs catalysts were characterized and their electrocatalytical performance in formic acid oxidation was compared. During Pd deposition on In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4 support, InPd2 structure was formed as observed by XRD. The electrochemical tests indicate that the two Pd/ In2O3/MWCNTs electrocatalysts have higher electrocatalytic activity than those of Pd/SnO2/MWCNTs and Pd/MWCNTs. The best performance was observed for the catalyst obtained by In2O3 impregnation of MWCNTs denoted by Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs-IM.

采用金属氧化物-多壁碳纳米管复合材料作为催化剂载体，提高了钯电催化剂对甲酸电氧化的性能。采用化学还原法和浸渍法合成了复合氧化物/MWCNT。采用多元醇法在MWCNTs或氧化物/MWCNTs复合材料上合成了钯基催化剂。通过浸渍法（In2O3/MWCNTs IM载体）和在NaBH4（In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4载体）存在下将In2O3沉积在MWCNTs上。表征了Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs IM、Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4、Pd/SnO2/MWCNTs和Pd/MWCNT催化剂的物理性能，并比较了它们在甲酸氧化中的电催化性能。在In2O3/MWCNTs-NaBH4载体上沉积Pd的过程中，通过XRD观察到形成了InPd2结构。电化学测试表明，两种Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs电催化剂的电催化活性均高于Pd/SnO2/MWCNT和Pd/MWCNT。观察到通过用Pd/In2O3/MWCNTs IM表示的MWCNTs的In2O3浸渍获得的催化剂的最佳性能。

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引用次数: 5

Oxygen-Containing Nanoclusters on the Surface of Pt-Electrodes and Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium pt电极表面含氧纳米团簇及其在碱性介质中的氧还原反应

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2018-06-04 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7164578

A. M. Trunov

Analysis of the role of oxygen-containing nanoclusters in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt-electrodes in alkaline media is provided on the basis of the concept of electrochemical processes with slowed stage of consecutive heterogeneous chemical reaction (ConHCR). Under the ConHCR concept, the main factor determining the ORR characteristics is energetic inhomogeneity of electrode surface (EIES) according to Temkin. A new concept, according to which EIES is determined by the Gibbs energy of formation of oxygen-containing surface structures with inclusions of surface defects of the platinum crystal structure, Pts,d, is formulated. A correlation between the level of EIES of Pt-electrodes and packing density of Pts,d atoms on the surface of Pt(hkl) monocrystals is determined. The concept, according to which the stationary potential of ORR process is considered as a “mixed potential” of two reactions (electrochemical reduction of surface atom PtIIs,d and consecutive oxidation of PtIs,d by molecular oxygen), is substantiated. It is proposed that the formation of surface nanocluster transition state [⁎(OO)PtIIs,d(OH)] defines the rate of the entire ORR process on Pt-electrodes in alkaline media.

基于连续非均相化学反应（ConHCR）减缓阶段的电化学过程的概念，分析了含氧纳米团簇在碱性介质中Pt电极上的氧还原反应（ORR）中的作用。根据Temkin的观点，在ConHCR概念下，决定ORR特性的主要因素是电极表面的能量不均匀性。提出了一个新的概念，根据该概念，EIES由含氧表面结构形成的吉布斯能确定，其中包含铂晶体结构的表面缺陷，Pts，d。测定了Pt电极的EIES水平与Pt（hkl）单晶表面Pts、d原子的堆积密度之间的相关性。ORR过程的固定电位被认为是两个反应（表面原子PtIIs，d的电化学还原和PtIs，d被分子氧连续氧化）的“混合电位”，这一概念得到了证实。提出表面纳米团簇过渡态[（OO）PtIIs，d（OH）]的形成定义了在碱性介质中Pt电极上整个ORR过程的速率。

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引用次数: 1

Protection of Steel Rebar in Salt-Contaminated Cement Mortar Using Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings 环氧纳米复合涂层对盐污染水泥砂浆中钢筋的防护

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2018-04-24 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8386426

T. Nguyen

Epoxy reinforced with two kinds of nanoparticles dealing with nano-SiO2 and nano-Fe2O3 was coated on steel rebar embedded in a chloride contaminated cement mortar. NaCl was added to the fresh Portland cement paste (at 0.3% and 0.5% by weight of cement) to simulate the chloride contamination at the critical level. The effect of incorporating nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of epoxy-coated steel rebar was investigated by linear potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For the 0.3 wt.% chloride mortars, the electrochemical monitoring of the coated steel rebars during immersion for 56 days in 0.1 M NaOH solutions suggested the beneficial role of nano-Fe2O3 particles in significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the epoxy-coated rebar. After 56 days of immersion, the nano-Fe2O3 reduced the corrosion current of epoxy-coated rebar by a factor of 7.9. When the chloride concentration in the cement mortar was 0.5 wt.%, the incorporation of nanoparticles into the epoxy matrix did not enhance the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating for the rebar. At this critical level, chloride ions initiated rebar corrosion through nanoparticles at the epoxy/rebar interface.

用纳米SiO2和纳米Fe2O3两种纳米颗粒增强环氧树脂涂层在氯污染水泥砂浆中嵌入的钢筋上。将NaCl添加到新的波特兰水泥浆中（按水泥重量计为0.3%和0.5%），以模拟临界水平的氯化物污染。通过线性动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱研究了掺入纳米颗粒对环氧涂层钢筋耐腐蚀性能的影响。对于0.3 wt.%氯化物砂浆，涂层钢筋在0.1中浸泡56天期间的电化学监测 M NaOH溶液表明，纳米Fe2O3颗粒在显著提高环氧涂层钢筋的耐腐蚀性方面发挥了有益作用。浸泡56天后，纳米Fe2O3使环氧涂层钢筋的腐蚀电流降低了7.9倍。当水泥砂浆中的氯化物浓度为0.5时在环氧树脂基体中掺入纳米颗粒并不能提高环氧涂层对钢筋的耐腐蚀性。在这个临界水平上，氯离子通过环氧树脂/钢筋界面的纳米颗粒引发钢筋腐蚀。

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引用次数: 12

Performance of Novel Randomly Oriented High Graphene Carbon in Lithium Ion Capacitors 新型随机取向高石墨烯碳在锂离子电容器中的性能

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4712148

R. Kadam, K. Gadkaree

The structure of carbon material comprising the anode is the key to the performance of a lithium ion capacitor. In addition to determining the capacity, the structure of the carbon material also determines the diffusion rate of the lithium ion into the anode which in turn controls power density which is vital in high rate applications. This paper covers details of systematic investigation of the performance of a structurally novel carbon, called Randomly Oriented High Graphene (ROHG) carbon, and graphite in a high rate application device, that is, lithium ion capacitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that ROHG is less resistive and has faster lithium ion diffusion rates (393.7 × 10−3 S·s(1/2)) compared to graphite (338.1 × 10−3 S·s(1/2)). The impedance spectroscopy data is supported by the cell data showing that the ROHG carbon based device has energy density of 22.8 Wh/l with a power density of 4349.3 W/l, whereas baseline graphite based device has energy density of 5 Wh/l and power density of 4243.3 W/l. This data clearly shows advantage of the randomly oriented graphene platelet structure of ROHG in lithium ion capacitor performance.

构成阳极的碳材料的结构是决定锂离子电容器性能的关键。除了决定容量外，碳材料的结构还决定了锂离子进入阳极的扩散速率，从而控制功率密度，这在高倍率应用中至关重要。本文详细介绍了一种结构新颖的碳，称为随机取向高石墨烯(ROHG)碳，以及石墨在高速率应用器件，即锂离子电容器中的性能。电化学阻抗谱分析表明，与石墨(338.1 × 10−3 S·S(1/2))相比，ROHG具有更小的电阻和更快的锂离子扩散速率(393.7 × 10−3 S·S(1/2))。阻抗谱数据得到电池数据的支持，表明ROHG碳基器件的能量密度为22.8 Wh/l，功率密度为4349.3 W/l，而石墨基器件的能量密度为5 Wh/l，功率密度为4243.3 W/l。这一数据清楚地显示了ROHG随机取向石墨烯血小板结构在锂离子电容器性能上的优势。

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引用次数: 2

The Redox Chemistry of Ruthenium Dioxide: A Cyclic Voltammetry Study—Review and Revision 二氧化钌氧化还原化学的循环伏安法研究——评述与修正

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1273768

S. Chalupczok, P. Kurzweil, H. Hartmann, C. Schell

By cyclic voltammetry at high scan rates, the electrochemical properties of RuO2 in acidic and alkaline solutions were investigated in detail. Thirteen current peaks can be distinguished in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. With respect to the pH sensitivity of RuO2 electrodes, we considered charge calculations, peak currents, and apparent diffusion coefficients. The nature of the Ru(II) oxidation was clarified by Ru(I)−Ru(III) species.

通过高扫描速率的循环伏安法，详细研究了RuO2在酸性和碱性溶液中的电化学性质。在硫酸和氢氧化钠中可以区分出13个电流峰。关于RuO2电极的pH敏感性，我们考虑了电荷计算、峰值电流和表观扩散系数。Ru（I）−Ru（III）物种阐明了Ru（II）氧化的性质。

引用次数: 30

Impact of Various Acids and Bases on the Voltammetric Response of Platinum Group Metal Oxides 不同酸碱对铂族金属氧化物伏安响应的影响

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2018-01-23 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1697956

S. Chalupczok, P. Kurzweil, H. Hartmann

The voltammetric response of platinum metal oxides is discussed with respect to novel pH sensors combining both miniaturization and stability. For practical applications in solutions of any kind, for example, in tap water and in domestic sewage, various interferences must be considered, such as chloride and reducing agents. This work clarifies the voltammetric behavior of RuO2 electrodes in solutions of different pH values and ionic strengths.

讨论了铂金属氧化物的伏安响应，结合了小型化和稳定性的新型pH传感器。对于任何种类的溶液的实际应用，例如在自来水和生活污水中，必须考虑各种干扰，例如氯化物和还原剂。这项工作阐明了RuO2电极在不同pH值和离子强度溶液中的伏安行为。

引用次数: 14

Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Palladium Crystals Enclosed by (100) Facets by Seed-Mediated Fabrication 种子介导法制备(100)面包围钯晶体及其电化学表征

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2018-01-21 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7138638

E. Higuchi, M. Kawai, Masanobu Chiku, H. Inoue

Pd crystals enclosed by (100) facets were prepared in an aqueous solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the capping agent and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent at 30, 40, and 50°C by a modified seed-mediated fabrication technique. Regardless of the reaction temperature, the absorption peak between 300 and 400 nm assigned to decreased with an increase in the reaction time after the addition of ascorbic acid in the aqueous solution containing CTAB because of Pd deposition. The field emission-scanning electron microscopy images showed that the Pd crystals were enclosed by only (100) facets, and their fractions depended on the reaction temperature. The ratios of the peak current at 0.54 and 0.48 V were 0.60, 0.54, and 0.47 for the samples prepared at 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively, suggesting that the proportion of the (100) facet on the Pd surface was higher at lower temperatures.

在以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为封盖剂，抗坏血酸为还原剂的水溶液中，采用改良的种子介导制备技术，在30、40和50℃条件下制备了(100)个面包裹的Pd晶体。无论反应温度如何，在含CTAB的水溶液中加入抗坏血酸后，由于Pd的沉积，300 ~ 400 nm之间的吸收峰随反应时间的增加而减小。场发射扫描电镜图像显示，Pd晶体仅被(100)个面包围，其分数与反应温度有关。在30,40和50℃下制备的样品，在0.54和0.48 V时的峰值电流比值分别为0.60,0.54和0.47，这表明(100)面在Pd表面的比例在较低温度下较高。

引用次数: 4

Carbon Nanoelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters. 用于神经递质电化学检测的碳纳米电极。

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3679627

Alexander G Zestos

Carbon-based electrodes have been developed for the detection of neurotransmitters over the past 30 years using voltammetry and amperometry. The traditional electrode for neurotransmitter detection is the carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME). The carbon-based electrode is suitable for in vivo neurotransmitter detection due to the fact that it is biocompatible and relatively small in surface area. The advent of nanoscale electrodes is in high demand due to smaller surface areas required to target specific brain regions that are also minimally invasive and cause relatively low tissue damage when implanted into living organisms. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, carbon nanospikes, and carbon nanopetals among others have all been utilized for this purpose. Novel electrode materials have also required novel insulations such as glass, epoxy, and polyimide coated fused silica capillaries for their construction and usage. Recent research developments have yielded a wide array of carbon nanoelectrodes with superior properties and performances in comparison to traditional electrode materials. These electrodes have thoroughly enhanced neurotransmitter detection allowing for the sensing of biological compounds at lower limits of detection, fast temporal resolution, and without surface fouling. This will allow for greater understanding of several neurological disease states based on the detection of neurotransmitters.

在过去的30年里，碳基电极已经被开发用于使用伏安法和安培法检测神经递质。传统的神经递质检测电极是碳纤维微电极(CFME)。由于碳基电极具有生物相容性和相对较小的表面积，因此适用于体内神经递质检测。纳米级电极的出现需求量很大，因为它需要更小的表面积来瞄准特定的大脑区域，并且在植入生物体时微创且造成相对较低的组织损伤。碳纳米管(CNTs)、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米尖刺和碳纳米金属等都被用于这一目的。新型电极材料也需要新型绝缘材料，如玻璃，环氧树脂和聚酰亚胺涂层熔融二氧化硅毛细管的结构和使用。最近的研究进展已经产生了各种各样的碳纳米电极，与传统电极材料相比，它们具有优越的性能和性能。这些电极彻底增强了神经递质检测，允许在较低的检测极限下感知生物化合物，快速的时间分辨率，并且没有表面污染。这将允许基于神经递质检测的几种神经系统疾病状态的更好的理解。

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引用次数: 28

Reduction of the Electrode Overpotential of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Electrode Surface Modification 电极表面修饰降低析氧反应电极过电位

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2017-06-28 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7494571

Cian-Tong Lu, Yen-Wen Chiu, Meiran Li, K. Hsueh, J. Hung

Metal–air batteries exhibit high potential for grid-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density, their abundance in the earth’s crust, and their low cost. In these batteries, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs on the air electrode during charging. This study proposes a method for improving the OER electrode performance. The method involves sequentially depositing a Ni underlayer, Sn whiskers, and a Ni protection layer on the metal mesh. Small and uniform gas bubbles form on the Ni/Sn/Ni mesh, leading to low overpotential and a decrease in the overall resistance of the OER electrode. The results of a simulated life cycle test indicate that the Ni/Sn/Ni mesh has a life cycle longer than 1,300 cycles when it is used as the OER electrode in 6 M KOH.

金属-空气电池由于其高理论能量密度、在地壳中的丰度和低成本，在电网规模的储能方面表现出很高的潜力。在这些电池中，在充电期间在空气电极上发生析氧反应（OER）。本研究提出了一种提高OER电极性能的方法。该方法包括在金属网上依次沉积Ni底层、Sn晶须和Ni保护层。在Ni/Sn/Ni网格上形成小而均匀的气泡，导致低过电位和OER电极的总电阻降低。模拟寿命试验的结果表明，在6 M KOH。

引用次数: 13

Thermodynamics of Lithium Intercalation in Randomly Oriented High Graphene Carbon 随机取向高石墨烯碳中锂嵌入的热力学

IF 1.8

International journal of electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2017-06-15 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5391794

R. Kadam, K. Gadkaree

This paper covers details of systematic investigation of the thermodynamics (entropy and enthalpy) of intercalation associated with lithium ion in a structurally novel carbon, called Randomly Oriented High Graphene (ROHG) carbon and graphite. Equilibrated OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) versus temperature relationship is investigated to determine the thermodynamic changes with the lithium intercalation. ROHG carbon shows entropy of 9.36 J·mol−1·K−1 and shows no dependency on the inserted lithium concentration. Graphite shows initial entropy of 84.27 J·mol−1·K−1 and shows a strong dependence on lithium concentration. ROHG carbon (from −90.85 kJ mol−1 to −2.88 kJ mol−1) shows gradual change in the slope of enthalpy versus lithium ion concentration plot compared to graphite (−48.98 kJ mol−1 to 1.84 kJ mol−1). The study clearly shows that a lower amount of energy is required for the lithium ion intercalation into the ROHG structure compared to graphite structure. Randomly oriented graphene platelet cluster structure of ROHG carbon makes it easier for the intercalation or deintercalation of lithium ion. The ease of intercalation and the small cluster structure of ROHG as opposed to the long linear platelet structure of graphite lead to higher rates of the charge-discharge process for ROHG, when used as an electrode material in electrochemical applications.

本文详细介绍了在一种结构新颖的碳（称为随机取向高石墨烯（ROHG）碳和石墨）中嵌入锂离子的热力学（熵和焓）的系统研究。研究了开路电压（OCV）与温度的平衡关系，以确定锂嵌入时的热力学变化。ROHG碳的熵为9.36 J·mol−1·K−1，并且与插入的锂浓度无关。石墨的初始熵为84.27 J·mol−1·K−1，并表现出对锂浓度的强烈依赖性。ROHG碳（从−90.85 kJ 摩尔−1至−2.88 kJ mol−1）显示，与石墨（−48.98 kJ mol−1至1.84 kJ mol−1）。该研究清楚地表明，与石墨结构相比，锂离子嵌入ROHG结构所需的能量更低。ROHG碳的石墨烯片簇结构随机取向，使锂离子的嵌入或脱嵌更容易。当在电化学应用中用作电极材料时，ROHG的易嵌入性和小团簇结构与石墨的长线性片状结构相反，导致ROHG更高的充放电过程速率。

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引用次数: 4

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