International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Uric Acid, Serum Magnesium and Lipid Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients for the Risk Factor of Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"Sonal Sogani, Navendru Kumar Gupta, Suman Jain","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730201","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Dyslipidemia is one of the common disorders which are seen in most of the diabetes patients, which causes cardio vascular diseases. However, serum uric acid and lipid profiles are considered as the potential risk factor for developing diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Also the direct association of trace elements such as serum magnesium and hs-CRP in type 2 diabetes has been observed. The aim of the present study is to evaluate serum uric acid, serum magnesium and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for the risk factor of cardiovascular disease and its comparison with non diabetic subjects. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, PIMS, Udaipur. The study included 100 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (both males and females) who were recruited from the institute’s medicine OPD and wards and 100 healthy controls (both males and females) with normal plasma glucose and with no symptoms suggestive of DM were included in the study. All the Biochemical parameters analysis was done on fully automated analyzer-ERBA 360 EM. Original Research Article Sogani et al.; IJBCRR, 29(7): 10-17, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.50832 11 Results: The mean values of serum lipid profiles (serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, VLDL, LDL) were compared between healthy controls and patients with type 2 DM, showed highly significant difference in patients with type 2 DM as compared with healthy controls (p<0.001). However, on comparing HDL between healthy controls and patients with type 2 DM, the difference seems to be significant (p<0.05). The mean values of RBS, HbA1c, uric acid and hs-CRP were highly significant in patients with type 2 DM as compared with healthy controls (p<0.001). The mean values of serum magnesium showed significant difference between healthy controls and patients with type 2 DM p<0.05). Interpretation and Conclusion: The common lipid abnormalities seen during diabetes induce dyslipidemia causing the development of CVD’s among diabetic patients. Also elevated levels of hsCRP, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesium suggest that it could be a better prognosis for CVD’s and stroke in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"224 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80033785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Phytochemicals, Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) Leaves","authors":"N. Mgbemena, N. F. Amako","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730200","url":null,"abstract":"Ocimum gratissimum (fam.Lamiaceae) ‘Scent leaf’ and Vernonia amygdalina (fam.Asteraceae) ‘Bitter leaf’ are commonly consumed vegetables in Southern Nigeria. O. gratissimum is used by the ‘Igbos’ of South East Nigeria to flavor soups and stews while it is popular with the ‘Yorubas’ of South West Nigeria for treatment of stomach disorders. V. amygdalina is a well known vegetable in West Africa used as both food and for its pharmaceutical properties. The enormous use of these vegetables in the diet motivated the present study whereby the food compositions, mineral constituents and the phytochemicals of the two vegetables were determined. Qualitative analysis, of the aqueous extracts, revealed the presence of saponins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenolics and anthraquinones in both vegetables. Generally V. amygdalina contained higher quantities of secondary metabolites, saponin which was reported as the highest amount was 5.710.12 mg/g and 3.520.01 mg/g followed by terpenoids 5.640.11 mg/g and Original Research Article Mgbemena and Amako; IJBCRR, 29(7): 1-9, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.57807 2 3.400.11 mg/g in V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum respectively. There is however a minute amount of anthraquinone in the two vegetables. Proximate analysis and macro elements were determined using their various standard methods. The results of proximate analysis revealed the presence of moisture (12.28  0.02% and 10.01 0.01%) protein (35.370.11% and 22.200.02%) and total ash (6.000.20% and 5.750.10%) each in V. amygdalina and O. gratisimum respectively. The following minerals were present calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, copper and zinc, with zinc being in the highest concentration (46.80 0.03 mg/kg and 58.000.12 mg/kg) followed by copper (9.450.11 mg/kg and 16.60  0.03 mg/kg) each in V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum respectively. There are higher values of phytochemicals and food components in V. amygdalina while O. gratissimum had higher mineral contents. These two vegetables are potential source of components for complementary medicine.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88333272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae) against Two Standard Isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","authors":"Wekesa Euginia Makinia, M. Ojunga, Z. N. O. Ayayo","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i630199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i630199","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: A study was carried out to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of root and bark of Securidaca longipedunculata against two standard isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae NO.0296 and WHOK. Materials and Methods: Plant materials were collected and dried at room temperature, followed by ethanol extraction using a rotary pump. Antibacterial activity was done on the isolates using agar disc-diffusion method with Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control and ceftriaxone as a positive control. Zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. Minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract was determined using different concentrations of the extract then plated on Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) medium and a standard protocol was used to determine the presence of phytochemical compounds. Results and Discussion: The results obtained showed that both the root and bark extracts of S. Original Research Article Makinia et al.; IJBCRR, 29(6): 61-68, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.58245 62 longipedunculata have antibacterial activity against the two bacterial strains with a zone of inhibition of ≥ 10mm and a bactericidal activity at 0.01μg -ml of 10% crude extract. Comparison of susceptibility on tetracycline, penicillin and ciprofloxacin with the root and bark extract showed higher susceptibility to the extracts. The extracts showed presence of saponins, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes, alkanoids, phenolics and tanins. The demonstrated antibacterial activity of S. longipedunculata against N. gonorrhoeae provides a scientific basis for the traditional use in treating venereal diseases in western Kenya. Conclusion: This investigation and further studies will pave the way for use of this plant in antibacterial drug development for alleviating human suffering. We recommend further studies to identify the specific compound(s) responsible for the antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"126 2 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73013031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Illegal Crude Oil Refining in Jike-ama River of Bille Kingdom, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Nwachoko, B. Davies, J. G. Tetam","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i630195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i630195","url":null,"abstract":"Oil exploration and exploitation is a lucrative business and one of the major sources of revenue in Nigeria. Each year, hundreds of post-impact assessment (PIA) studies are conducted to assess the impact of the hazards generated by the oil industry on social environment and on human health. This hazardous impact is the associated with the activities of illegal refining of crude oil. Thus, this work examined the impact of illegal crude oil refining activities in Jike-Ama river of Jike-Ama community. Shellfish, fish, surface water and sediment samples were randomly collected in triplicates. Physiochemical parameters, heavy metal content, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total hydrocarbon content of the water in addition to heavy metal content and PAHs in fish, Shellfish and sediment were determined. The results of the physicochemical parameters showed that pH, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, turbidity and total hydrocarbon content of water were above FEPA permissible limits while chloride, nitrate and sulphate detected in water were within FEPA permissible limits. Dissolved oxygen was observed to be below FEPA permissible limit. The mean concentration of heavy metals and PAHs in sediment showed significant difference (p<0.05) when compared with values for Shellfish and fish and were above FEPA and Original Research Article Ndidi et al.; IJBCRR, 29(6): 46-51, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.52678 47 WHO permissible limits. Shellfish had higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than fish. PAHs values in shellfish showed significant difference (p<0.05). Heavy metals concentration in fish were above permissible limits except Cr, Zn and Pb. Concentration of PAHs in fish, shellfish, surface water and sediment were generally above FEPA and WHO permissible limits. This findings suggests high concentration of contaminants in Jike-Ama river.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82724640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyses of Homing Endonucleases and Mechanism of Action of CRISPR-Cas9 HNH Endonucleases","authors":"P. Palanivelu","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i630192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i630192","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To analyze different HNH endonucleases from various sources including the HNH endonuclease regions of CRISPR-Cas9 proteins for their conserved motifs, metal-binding sites and catalytic amino acids and propose a plausible mechanism of action for HNH endonucleases, using CRISPR-Cas9 as the model enzyme. Study Design: Multiple sequence analysis (MSA) of homing endonucleases including the CRISPR-Cas9 using Clustal Omega was studied. Other biochemical, Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) and X-ray crystallographic data were also analyzed. Place and Duration of Study: School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India, between 2007 and 2013. Methodology: Bioinformatics, Biochemical, SDM and X-ray crystallographic data of the HNH endonucleases from different organisms including CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes were analyzed. The advanced version of Clustal Omega was used for protein sequence analysis of different HNH endonucleases from various sources. The conserved motifs identified by the bioinformatics analysis were analyzed further with the data already available from biochemical and SDM and Xray crystallographic analyses of this group of enzymes and to confirm the possible amino acids involved in the active sites and catalysis. Results: Different types of homing endonucleases from various sources including the HNH endonuclease regions of CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes exhibit different catalytic regions and metalOriginal Research Article Palanivelu; IJBCRR, 29(6): 1-25, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.57357 2 binding sites. However, the catalytic amino acid, i.e., the proton acceptor histidine (His), is completely conserved in all homing endonucleases analyzed. From these data, a plausible mechanism of action for HNH endonucleases, using CRISPR-Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes, as the model enzyme is proposed. Furthermore, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of various homing endonucleases from different organisms showed many highly conserved motifs also among them. However, some of the HNH endonucleases showed consensus only around the active site regions. Possible catalytic amino acids identified among them belong to either -DH---N or -HH--N types. There are at least two types of metal-binding sites and bind Mg or Zn or both. The CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme from S. pyogenes belongs to the -DHbased HNH endonucleases and possesses –DxDtype metal-binding site where it possibly binds to a Mg 2+ ion. The other HNH enzymes possess one or two invariant Zn binding CxxC/ CxxxC motifs. Conclusions: The CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes are found to be -DHtype where the first D is likely to involve in metal-binding and the second invariant H acts as the proton acceptor and the N in –HNHCas9 confers specificity by interacting with the nucleotide near the catalytic region. In this communication, a metal-bound water molecule is shown as the nucleophile initiating catalysis. Homing endonucleases may be used as novel DNA binding and cleaving reagents for a variety of genome editing applications and Z","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77522446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Content, and Toxicological Profile of Cola millenii K. shum (Malvaceae)","authors":"G. Tiko, A. M. Amoussa, Rafiou Adamou, Adandé A Medjigbodo, L. Djogbénou, L. Lagnika","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i530191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i530191","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was designed to assess antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities in relation to phytochemical contents and toxicological profile of crude extracts of Cola millenii leaves. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from April 2015 to November 2018 at University of Abomey-Calavi, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Bioactives Natural Products and Laboratory of Infectious Vector-borne Diseases. Methodology: Phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts was performed using standard methods. Estimation of total phenolics contains (TPC) and total flavonoids contains Original Research Article Tiko et al.; IJBCRR, 29(5): 47-60, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.58326 48 (TFC) was done using colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro by 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical-Scavenging, Reducing power, superoxide radical scavenging and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Antiplasmodial activity was investigated in vitro using both field isolate and laboratory 3D7 strains of P. falciparum using Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay. Hemoglobin release was measured spectrophotometrically to assess hemolytic power. Acute oral toxicity of extracts was evaluated on rats according to OECD 423 guideline. Results: Flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, and triterpenes were recorded in both extracts while tannins were recorded only in ethanolic extract. High TPC and TFC were recorded with ethanolic extract with significate difference (P <0.01) when compared to aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract exhibited the highest parasite growth inhibition against both field isolate (41.62±1.78%) and 3D7 (45.89±1.66%) strains at 100 μg/mL. Both extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity according to different methods used. Toxicological profile revealed no hemolytic effect on human red blood cells as well as acute toxicity signs in rats. Conclusion: This study demonstrated strong antioxidant and moderate antiplasmodial activities of C. millenii extracts without toxicity effect on rats and human erythrocytes. It would play an important role in malaria and oxidative damage control.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"47-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86188793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Antidiabetic Potential of Ugandan- Matooke (Musa paradisiaca) Peels","authors":"A. Iwueke, N. J. Ejekwumadu, Ronald Kiiza, Kenneth Iceland Kasozi, Swafia Khambari","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2020/V29I530190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2020/V29I530190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia over a prolonged period. In Uganda, unripe Musa paradisiaca (banana) is a staple food which is deskinned before cooking. In West Africa, however, the unpeeled banana is cooked for diabetics. \u0000Aim: The objective of the study was to assess the hypoglycemic and body weight changes in experimental diabetic Wistar rats treated with green banana peel extracts. \u0000Methodology: Out of the thirty-nine male rats used for the study, nine were used for the evaluation of possible oral acute toxicity. The remaining thirty were divided into six groups of 5 rats each. Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan (65 mg/kg body weight) the alloxan and treated with insulin, distilled water and graded doses of the extract (1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg body weight) for two weeks. \u0000The weight and blood glucose levels were measured before and after induction and prior to administration of treatment dosages. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. ANOVA and spearman’s rank correlation tests determined significant changes in values at 95% confidence interval. \u0000Results: The rats showed no signs of toxicity nor death even at a dose of 10,000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids. This study demonstrates that Musa paradisiaca peels significantly attenuated blood glucose levels (P < 0.005) and regulated body weights at doses (≥ 2000 mg/kg) which are essential parameters in the management of diabetes mellitus. \u0000Conclusion: In line with the findings, unripe banana peels are anti-diabetic; unripe bananas therefore, should be cooked with the skins to derive its established anti-diabetic benefits.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75328134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro and In-vivo Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Justicia carnea","authors":"Udedi Stanley Chidi, A. O. Nnenna, Asogwa Kingsley Kelechi, Maduji Fitzcharles Chijindu, O. Nebolisa","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i430185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i430185","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Justicia carnea and its effect on antioxidant status of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. The in-vitro antioxidant activity was assayed by determining the total phenol, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene contents and by using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing antioxidant power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress was produced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg alloxan and serum concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. Five experimental groups of rats (n=6) were used for the study. Two groups of diabetic rats received oral daily doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg Justicia carnea leaf extract respectively while gilbenclamide (5 mg/ml); a standard diabetic drug was also given to a specific group for 14 days. From the result, the leaf extract contained a higher concentration of flavonoids followed byphenols, ascorbic acid, lycopene and β-carotene. The extract displayed more potent reducing power ability with EC50 of 40 Original Research Article Udedi et al.; IJBCRR, 29(4): 48-60, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.56816 49 μg/ml compared to BHA (EC50 of 400μg/ml). The percentage DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract was also higher with EC50 of 200μg/ml and increased with increase in concentration while BHA had EC50of 320μg/ml. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation also increased with increase in concentration with EC50 of 58μg/ml and comparable with BHA (EC50=60μg/ml). The effect of the plant extract on antioxidant enzyme activities was concentration-dependent. Administration of 100mg/kg of the plant extract resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum MDA concentration, while 200 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant (p˂0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities with a non-significant increase (p>0.05) in the serum level of MDA when compared with the diabetic untreated group. These findings suggest that ethanol leaf extract of Justicia carnea have antioxidant properties and could handle diabetes-induced oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"48-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88887763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Leptin and Vaspin Serum Concentration in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"K. Priya, S. Bansal, D. Sharma, K. Birendra","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i130160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i130160","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the correlation of circulating leptin and vaspin levels with lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and anthropometric variable as inflammatory markers between diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects. \u0000Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 120 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with age-matched 120 non-diabetic subjects as controls. \u0000Results: We found that there is significant increase in the parameters like serum Leptin, Vaspin, FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and lipid profile (TC, TG & VLDL). No significant differences were found between BMI, LDL & HDL parameters of T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic subjects. The results have been shown a significant positive correlation between Vaspin and Leptin in T2DM patients, (r = .755) and (P˂0.01) as compared to controls. The body mass index was positively correlated with Vaspin in T2DM patients, (r = .50) and (P <0.01) and with leptin in T2DM patients, (r = .265) and (P <0.01). A positive correlation had also observed between vaspin and LDL in T2DM patients, (r = .189) and (p <0.05). We also found that significant increased level of leptin and vaspin in females compared to males in our study group. \u0000Conclusions: Serum leptin and vaspin level is positively associated with BMI and LDL and negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar, post-prandial glucose, HbA1c, VLDL and age.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88860251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Leaf Extract of Senna alata on Biochemical Indices of Wistar Rats Infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei","authors":"M. A. Kugama, T. Tese, H. Sabo, T. Andrew, Y. A. Onaolapo, O. G. Allen, A. Agbo, D. Danjuma, A. M. Usman, L. Umar, P. Baji","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i130161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i130161","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at determining the effect of leaves of Senna alata extract on biochemical indices of Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Phytochemical screening revealed the absence of steroids in all extracts, absence of saponins in chloroform extracts and the presence of free anthraquinones only in chloroform extract. Post-infection treatment of animals stirred the emergence of parasitaemia by Day 3. Only animals receiving 200 mg/kg b.wt. of chloroform extract survived by day 16. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in ALT for groups receiving methanol (400 mg/kg b.wt.), chloroform and aqueous extracts and significant (P<0.05) increase in unconjugated bilirubin in the group receiving methanol extract (200 mg/kg b.wt.) compared to infected not treated rats. Significant (P<0.05) decrease in potassium concentration in groups receiving methanol and chloroform, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in sodium concentration in the group receiving 400 mg/kg b.wt. of aqueous extract compared to the infected not treated rats. These results thereby demonstrate the ameliorative potential of Senna alata leaves against T. brucei brucei.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"85 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82676678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}