Pub Date : 2020-11-07DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930221
M. K. Hasna, M. Kashem, F. Ahmed
An in vitro and field experiments for two consecutive years were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, aiming to investigate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. In in vitro the antagonistic activity of T. harzianum against S. rolfsii was observed through dual culture. In field experiment Trichoderma was applied as soil treatment and seed treatment. The percent inhibition of S. rolfsii induced by T. harzianum was found upto 78.9% in in vitro. The maximum reduction of collar rot disease incidence over control was 82.4% in soybean and 77.6% in chickpea which was recorded in the plot where T. harzianum was applied in the soil. The highest seed germination: 86.3% in soybean and 84.8% in chickpea, maximum fresh shoot weight: 94.5 g plant in soybean, 62.5 g plant -1 in chickpea, maximum fresh root weight: 10.7 g plant -1 in soybean, 9.3 g plant -1 in chickpea and the highest yield: 2830 kg ha in soybean, 1836 kg ha in chickpea were obtained by the application of Trichoderma in soil. The study indicated that the tested isolate of T. harzianum had potential in controlling collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. For the reduction of collar rot incidence application of T. harzianum in soil was found more effective than seed treatment. Original Research Article Hasna et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 25-31, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.59882 26
为了研究哈兹木霉对大豆和鹰嘴豆领腐病菌核菌的防治效果，在孟加拉国迈门辛格核农业研究所进行了连续两年的体外和田间试验。体外双培养法观察哈氏梭菌对罗氏梭菌的拮抗活性。在田间试验中，木霉作为土壤处理和种子处理。哈氏梭菌对罗尔夫氏沙门氏菌的体外抑制率高达78.9%。与对照相比，施用哈兹兰菌的大豆和鹰嘴豆的腐病发病率最大降幅分别为82.4%和77.6%。土壤中施用木霉可获得最高种子发芽率:大豆86.3%，鹰嘴豆84.8%，最大鲜梢重:大豆94.5 g株，鹰嘴豆62.5 g株-1，最大鲜根重:大豆10.7 g株-1，鹰嘴豆9.3 g株-1，最高产量:大豆2830 kg ha，鹰嘴豆1836 kg ha。研究表明，所分离的哈兹菌具有防治大豆和鹰嘴豆领腐病的潜力。在降低根腐病发病率方面，土壤施施比种子处理更有效。Hasna et al.;生物工程学报，29(9):25-31,2020;文章no.IJBCRR。59882年26
{"title":"Use of Trichoderma in Biological Control of Collar Rot of Soybean and Chickpea","authors":"M. K. Hasna, M. Kashem, F. Ahmed","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930221","url":null,"abstract":"An in vitro and field experiments for two consecutive years were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, aiming to investigate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. In in vitro the antagonistic activity of T. harzianum against S. rolfsii was observed through dual culture. In field experiment Trichoderma was applied as soil treatment and seed treatment. The percent inhibition of S. rolfsii induced by T. harzianum was found upto 78.9% in in vitro. The maximum reduction of collar rot disease incidence over control was 82.4% in soybean and 77.6% in chickpea which was recorded in the plot where T. harzianum was applied in the soil. The highest seed germination: 86.3% in soybean and 84.8% in chickpea, maximum fresh shoot weight: 94.5 g plant in soybean, 62.5 g plant -1 in chickpea, maximum fresh root weight: 10.7 g plant -1 in soybean, 9.3 g plant -1 in chickpea and the highest yield: 2830 kg ha in soybean, 1836 kg ha in chickpea were obtained by the application of Trichoderma in soil. The study indicated that the tested isolate of T. harzianum had potential in controlling collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. For the reduction of collar rot incidence application of T. harzianum in soil was found more effective than seed treatment. Original Research Article Hasna et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 25-31, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.59882 26","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"32 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91346577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930220
A. A. Sireen, J. Anbumalarmathi
Abutilon indicum is consider to be used in the traditional system of medicine. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is used to treat various diseases. This plant does not cause any side effects to humans. As the plant has wide variety of medicinal properties, the present study aimed to comparative between plant and callus extract of Abutilon indicum (L.) sweet for antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antiproliferative activity. The highest percentage of callus induction (89.50%) and callus weight (1.26 g) was observed in T5 (MS + 2, 4-D (2.5 mg/l) + BAP (2 mg/l) and T8 [IBA (4 mg/l)] respectively. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indicum in vivo plant and in vitro grown callus showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, protein, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and coumarin. The total phenolic content was high in aqueous extract of callus (30.68 mg TAE/g). Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in aqueous extract of callus (86%) with IC50 value of 68.49 μg/ml. FT-IR analysis of aqueous extract of A. indicum plant and callus showed the Original Research Article Sireen and Anbumalarmathi; IJBCRR, 29(9): 13-24, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.59306 14 presence of characteristic stretching at 2930.28 and 2927.75 indicating the presence of C-H stretching respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds in ethyl acetate plant extract, whereas 7 compounds in ethyl acetate callus extract such as tetradecane, 1-chloro, Sulfurous acid 2-prophytridecyl ester and 1ethyl-3-[2-(octadecylthio) ethyl] thiourea. The ethyl acetate extracts of callus and plant and was found to be effective against Bacillus subtilis (3.1 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.9 mm). Maximum α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in aqueous callus extract (32.65%) with IC50 value of 833.61 μg/ml. HeLa cell viability was found to be 26.8% and 21.8% in plant and callus extract respectively.
{"title":"A Comparative Study between Plant and Callus Extracts of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic and Anti-Proliferative Activity","authors":"A. A. Sireen, J. Anbumalarmathi","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930220","url":null,"abstract":"Abutilon indicum is consider to be used in the traditional system of medicine. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is used to treat various diseases. This plant does not cause any side effects to humans. As the plant has wide variety of medicinal properties, the present study aimed to comparative between plant and callus extract of Abutilon indicum (L.) sweet for antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antiproliferative activity. The highest percentage of callus induction (89.50%) and callus weight (1.26 g) was observed in T5 (MS + 2, 4-D (2.5 mg/l) + BAP (2 mg/l) and T8 [IBA (4 mg/l)] respectively. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indicum in vivo plant and in vitro grown callus showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, protein, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and coumarin. The total phenolic content was high in aqueous extract of callus (30.68 mg TAE/g). Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in aqueous extract of callus (86%) with IC50 value of 68.49 μg/ml. FT-IR analysis of aqueous extract of A. indicum plant and callus showed the Original Research Article Sireen and Anbumalarmathi; IJBCRR, 29(9): 13-24, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.59306 14 presence of characteristic stretching at 2930.28 and 2927.75 indicating the presence of C-H stretching respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds in ethyl acetate plant extract, whereas 7 compounds in ethyl acetate callus extract such as tetradecane, 1-chloro, Sulfurous acid 2-prophytridecyl ester and 1ethyl-3-[2-(octadecylthio) ethyl] thiourea. The ethyl acetate extracts of callus and plant and was found to be effective against Bacillus subtilis (3.1 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.9 mm). Maximum α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in aqueous callus extract (32.65%) with IC50 value of 833.61 μg/ml. HeLa cell viability was found to be 26.8% and 21.8% in plant and callus extract respectively.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84144880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930219
A. Fawehinmi, F. Oyedeji
Microsporium, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton are asexual fungi usually called dermatophytes. They are known to cause a kind of skin diseases called dermatophytosis. There have been reported cases of resistance by the dermatophytes with prolonged usage of synthetic antifungals on the skin. The aim of this study was to formulate herbal antifungal cream containing extract of Mitracarpus villosus as an anti-dermatophytic preparation and evaluate its physicochemical properties, stability and efficacy of the product. The formulated creams containing 0.5, 1 and 2% w/w of extract were subjected to stability tests using temperature variation method at -10, 4, 30, 37 and 45C. Freeze-thaw test, Centrifuge test, pH and exposure to UV light test were also carried out using standard method. Efficacy of the cream formulations were determined using Wistar rats as experimental animals. The percentage yield of the extract was (2.1%). Percentage ethanol phytochemical composition indicated that for alkaloid it is 1.06±0.04%, saponins (0.96±0.07%), flavonoids (0.06±0.02%) and tannins (0.04±0.01%). The emulsion produced was an oil-in-water emulsion and had a white colour with pH of 7.02, spread of emulsion, rubbing-in effect and stability to centrifugation was very high. The antifungal results showed the activity against the dermatophytes to be in the increasing order Original Research Article Fawehinmi and Oyedeji; IJBCRR, 29(9): 1-12, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61654 2 Epidermophyton floccosum (9 mm)
{"title":"Evaluation of Formulated Anti-dermatophyte Creams from Ethanol Extract of Mitracarpus villosus Leaves","authors":"A. Fawehinmi, F. Oyedeji","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930219","url":null,"abstract":"Microsporium, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton are asexual fungi usually called dermatophytes. They are known to cause a kind of skin diseases called dermatophytosis. There have been reported cases of resistance by the dermatophytes with prolonged usage of synthetic antifungals on the skin. The aim of this study was to formulate herbal antifungal cream containing extract of Mitracarpus villosus as an anti-dermatophytic preparation and evaluate its physicochemical properties, stability and efficacy of the product. The formulated creams containing 0.5, 1 and 2% w/w of extract were subjected to stability tests using temperature variation method at -10, 4, 30, 37 and 45C. Freeze-thaw test, Centrifuge test, pH and exposure to UV light test were also carried out using standard method. Efficacy of the cream formulations were determined using Wistar rats as experimental animals. The percentage yield of the extract was (2.1%). Percentage ethanol phytochemical composition indicated that for alkaloid it is 1.06±0.04%, saponins (0.96±0.07%), flavonoids (0.06±0.02%) and tannins (0.04±0.01%). The emulsion produced was an oil-in-water emulsion and had a white colour with pH of 7.02, spread of emulsion, rubbing-in effect and stability to centrifugation was very high. The antifungal results showed the activity against the dermatophytes to be in the increasing order Original Research Article Fawehinmi and Oyedeji; IJBCRR, 29(9): 1-12, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61654 2 Epidermophyton floccosum (9 mm) <Microsporum audounii (12 mm) <Trichophyton mentagrophtes (13 mm) <M. furfur (12 mm).Temperature stability and Centrifuge testing indicated that the formulations were stable. Light testing indicated no change in the colour of the products. Animal studies evaluation of the formulations of the cream indicated that their efficacy against the dermatophytes is concentration dependent and is in the increasing order M. audounii (34 μm) = E. floccosum (34 μm) <T. mentagrophyte (35 μm) <M. furfur (45 μm) which shows that 2% Mitracarpus villosus cream was statistically significant (P<0.05) against all the test microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"146 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89588436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830218
Aparna S. Chaudhari, A. Sontakke, Sangeeta B. Trimbake
Background: Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) reflects patient’s glycemic status over the previous 3 months. Previous studies have reported that iron deficiency may elevate HbA1c concentrations, independent of glycemia. Aim: To assess the status of HbA1c in clinically diagnosed cases of type II Diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Study Design: Case control study in rural hospital of Talegaon Dabhade, Pune. Methodology: The study includes 36 clinically diagnosed cases of type II DM with IDA and 36 controls which are age & sex matched having type II DM without IDA. Hematological parameters, fasting and post prandial blood glucose& HbA1c level were assessed in all subjects. Serum ferritin levels were assessed only in cases. Comparison between the parameters of cases and controls was done using appropriate statistical analysis. Results: Levels of HbA1c are increased in cases [clinically diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus with iron deficiency anemia that is IDA] as compared to controls [clinically diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus without IDA] irrespective of glycemic status. Conclusion: This study found a positive correlation between iron deficiency anemia and increased HbA1c levels, Hence IDA is to be taken in consideration while interpreting HbA1c in diagnosis and monitoring of Diabetes mellitus. Original Research Article Chaudhari et al.; IJBCRR, 29(8): 114-120, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61925 115
背景:血红蛋白A1C (HbA1c)反映患者过去3个月的血糖状态。先前的研究报道，缺铁可能会升高HbA1c浓度，与血糖无关。目的:探讨伴有和不伴有缺铁性贫血(IDA)的2型糖尿病(DM)临床诊断患者的HbA1c水平。研究设计:在浦那Talegaon Dabhade农村医院进行病例对照研究。方法:本研究包括36例临床诊断为II型糖尿病合并IDA的病例和36例年龄和性别匹配的II型糖尿病无IDA的对照组。评估所有受试者的血液学参数、空腹和餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平。仅在病例中评估血清铁蛋白水平。病例和对照组的参数采用适当的统计分析进行比较。结果:无论血糖状态如何，[临床诊断为糖尿病合并缺铁性贫血(IDA)的患者]与对照组[临床诊断为无IDA的糖尿病患者]相比，HbA1c水平升高。结论:本研究发现缺铁性贫血与HbA1c水平升高呈正相关，因此在糖尿病的诊断和监测中，在解释HbA1c时应考虑IDA。Chaudhari et al.;生物工程学报，29(8):114-120,2020;文章no.IJBCRR。61925 115
{"title":"HbA1c Status in Type II Diabetes Mellitus with and without Iron Deficiency Anemia","authors":"Aparna S. Chaudhari, A. Sontakke, Sangeeta B. Trimbake","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) reflects patient’s glycemic status over the previous 3 months. Previous studies have reported that iron deficiency may elevate HbA1c concentrations, independent of glycemia. Aim: To assess the status of HbA1c in clinically diagnosed cases of type II Diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Study Design: Case control study in rural hospital of Talegaon Dabhade, Pune. Methodology: The study includes 36 clinically diagnosed cases of type II DM with IDA and 36 controls which are age & sex matched having type II DM without IDA. Hematological parameters, fasting and post prandial blood glucose& HbA1c level were assessed in all subjects. Serum ferritin levels were assessed only in cases. Comparison between the parameters of cases and controls was done using appropriate statistical analysis. Results: Levels of HbA1c are increased in cases [clinically diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus with iron deficiency anemia that is IDA] as compared to controls [clinically diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus without IDA] irrespective of glycemic status. Conclusion: This study found a positive correlation between iron deficiency anemia and increased HbA1c levels, Hence IDA is to be taken in consideration while interpreting HbA1c in diagnosis and monitoring of Diabetes mellitus. Original Research Article Chaudhari et al.; IJBCRR, 29(8): 114-120, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61925 115","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90843248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830217
K. K. Igwe, O. Ikpeazu, M. I. Ezeja
Aims: To investigate the antinociceptive property of Picralima nitida stem bark methanol extract. Place and duration of study: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria from February to July, 2020. Methodology: The extraction was done by cold maceration of the pulverised P. nitida stem bark in 80% methanol for 48 hours. Acute toxicity study was done using up and down method. The antinociceptive study was carried out using tail flick and hot plate antinociceptive models. The extract was used at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg while pentazocine 3 mg/kg was used as the standard reference drug (positive group) and 5 ml/kg distilled water was used for the negative group. Results: In the tail flick test, P. nitida at the doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg with the standard drug pentazocine significantly (P = 0.05) increased the pain reaction time (PRT), increasing the PRT from 1.80 ± 0.08 sec in the negative group (distilled water 5 ml/kg) to 2.90 ± 0.18 sec at the dose of 200 mg/kg group of mice representing 62.06% increase. Also, in the hot plate model, the PRT was Original Research Article Igwe et al.; IJBCRR, 29(8): 108-113, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.60888 109 increased from 2.03 ± 0.02 sec in distilled water treated group of mice to 9.58 ± 0.99 sec in the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract. Conclusion: The stem bark methanol extract of P. nitida demonstrated a good level of antinociceptive activity in the models used in this study.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Stem Bark Extract Picralima nitida for Antinociceptive Property","authors":"K. K. Igwe, O. Ikpeazu, M. I. Ezeja","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830217","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To investigate the antinociceptive property of Picralima nitida stem bark methanol extract. Place and duration of study: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria from February to July, 2020. Methodology: The extraction was done by cold maceration of the pulverised P. nitida stem bark in 80% methanol for 48 hours. Acute toxicity study was done using up and down method. The antinociceptive study was carried out using tail flick and hot plate antinociceptive models. The extract was used at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg while pentazocine 3 mg/kg was used as the standard reference drug (positive group) and 5 ml/kg distilled water was used for the negative group. Results: In the tail flick test, P. nitida at the doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg with the standard drug pentazocine significantly (P = 0.05) increased the pain reaction time (PRT), increasing the PRT from 1.80 ± 0.08 sec in the negative group (distilled water 5 ml/kg) to 2.90 ± 0.18 sec at the dose of 200 mg/kg group of mice representing 62.06% increase. Also, in the hot plate model, the PRT was Original Research Article Igwe et al.; IJBCRR, 29(8): 108-113, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.60888 109 increased from 2.03 ± 0.02 sec in distilled water treated group of mice to 9.58 ± 0.99 sec in the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract. Conclusion: The stem bark methanol extract of P. nitida demonstrated a good level of antinociceptive activity in the models used in this study.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"51 1","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81535827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-06DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830216
T. Odinga, F. Igwe, C. U. Gabriel-Brisibe, P. Dimkpa
Background: Gas flaring, an environmental harmful practice, is prevalent in Eleme and most communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Aim: This study explored the impact of gas flaring on some clinical enzyme biomarkers of Eleme residents who are constantly exposed to the flared gas. Study Design/Place of Study: Volunteer subjects were randomly selected from representative groups resident in Eleme, an oil and gas producing and refining area, for over 15 years, while similar volunteer subjects resident in Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, a non-gas flaring community, served as the control. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from the subjects and analyzed for selected clinical enzyme biomarkers including Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) using standard enzyme activity and Randox test kit methods. Original Research Article Odinga et al.; IJBCRR, 29(8): 101-107, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.59931 102 Results: Results obtained revealed that CK levels for female Eleme subjects increased by 61.20% when compare with the female control subjects. This increase was statistically significant (p<0.05). The CK levels for Eleme male subjects also increased by 37.36% compared to control. However, this increase was not statistically significant (p<0.05). LDH increased by 23.21% in the male subjects and 18.58% in the female subjects compared to control, while AST increased by 42.11% in the male subject and 11.32% in the female subjects compared to control. The results suggest that there could be impending damage to organs for which an increase in the biomarkers-Creatine kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Aspartate Aminotransferase suggest an ongoing pathologic process. Conclusion: These results therefore suggest that the continuous exposure to gas flare is causing an increase in some critical tissue and organ function enzyme biomarkers in blood. This may eventually affect the health status of the residents, increase the tendency of developing ill health and generally reduce their quality of life.
背景:天然气燃除是一种对环境有害的做法，在尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区的Eleme和大多数社区普遍存在。目的:本研究探讨气体燃烧对持续暴露于燃烧气体的Eleme居民的一些临床酶生物标志物的影响。研究设计/研究地点:志愿者从居住在Eleme(一个石油和天然气生产和精炼地区)15年以上的代表性群体中随机选择，而居住在Nkpolu-Oroworukwo(一个非天然气燃烧社区)的类似志愿者作为对照组。方法:采集受试者血液样本，采用标准酶活性和Randox试剂盒方法分析选定的临床酶生物标志物，包括肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)。Odinga et al.;生物工程学报，29(8):101-107,2020;文章no.IJBCRR。59931 102结果:Eleme女性受试者CK水平较对照女性受试者提高了61.20%。差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。与对照相比，Eleme雄性受试者CK水平也提高了37.36%。然而，这种增加没有统计学意义(p<0.05)。与对照组相比，男性受试者LDH升高23.21%，女性受试者LDH升高18.58%;男性受试者AST升高42.11%，女性受试者AST升高11.32%。结果表明，器官可能即将受到损伤，而生物标志物(肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶)的增加表明这是一个正在进行的病理过程。结论:因此，这些结果表明，持续暴露于气体耀斑导致血液中一些关键组织和器官功能酶生物标志物的增加。这可能最终影响居民的健康状况，增加健康状况不佳的趋势，并普遍降低他们的生活质量。
{"title":"Effect of Gas Flare on Some Clinical Enzyme Biomarkers of Eleme Residents in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"T. Odinga, F. Igwe, C. U. Gabriel-Brisibe, P. Dimkpa","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830216","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gas flaring, an environmental harmful practice, is prevalent in Eleme and most communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Aim: This study explored the impact of gas flaring on some clinical enzyme biomarkers of Eleme residents who are constantly exposed to the flared gas. Study Design/Place of Study: Volunteer subjects were randomly selected from representative groups resident in Eleme, an oil and gas producing and refining area, for over 15 years, while similar volunteer subjects resident in Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, a non-gas flaring community, served as the control. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from the subjects and analyzed for selected clinical enzyme biomarkers including Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) using standard enzyme activity and Randox test kit methods. Original Research Article Odinga et al.; IJBCRR, 29(8): 101-107, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.59931 102 Results: Results obtained revealed that CK levels for female Eleme subjects increased by 61.20% when compare with the female control subjects. This increase was statistically significant (p<0.05). The CK levels for Eleme male subjects also increased by 37.36% compared to control. However, this increase was not statistically significant (p<0.05). LDH increased by 23.21% in the male subjects and 18.58% in the female subjects compared to control, while AST increased by 42.11% in the male subject and 11.32% in the female subjects compared to control. The results suggest that there could be impending damage to organs for which an increase in the biomarkers-Creatine kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Aspartate Aminotransferase suggest an ongoing pathologic process. Conclusion: These results therefore suggest that the continuous exposure to gas flare is causing an increase in some critical tissue and organ function enzyme biomarkers in blood. This may eventually affect the health status of the residents, increase the tendency of developing ill health and generally reduce their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"98 1","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81752573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830212
M. Mohammed, A. A. Hali, O. Okechi, A. Muhammad, R. I. Tsamiya, U. Abubakar, I. Mohammed, A. Umar, S. M. Sani, M. K. Dallatu, J. Bunza, H. Kabir, H. M. Tambuwal, A. Slisu, B. A. Bello, F. A. Dogondaji, N. Okorie, S. Ma’aruf, D. Isah, A. A. Ngaski, N. A. Idris, A. Ajayi, M. Isah, M. Sirajo, A. Abdulazeez, H. Abullahi
Introduction: Histological stains are biological dyes which colour tissue in order to aid optical differentiation of tissue component. Dyes are coloured substance which impact colour for material such as textile, cosmetic, food, drugs, rubber plastics, hair, fur and tissues. There are two types of dyes namely; natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Allium cepa is an imperative, evergreen plant, which belongs to the family Amaryllidaceace commonly called bulb onion. Aim: This research work aimed at evaluating the staining capability of onion extract as counter stain when haematoxylin was used as primary stain. Methods: Tissue blocks sections of liver and kidney organs were made from the Wistar rat. Serial sections labelled A to M were made from each block and stained with Harris haematoxylin. Section A was counterstained with eosin, as control. Different preparations of extracts of the onion skin were used to counter stain sections of kidney and liver tissues. Group B to Mwere kidney and liver tissues stained as follows: B, E, H and K (5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with ferric chloride, 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with potassium aluminium alum, and 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract without mordant, for 10 and 20 minutes). C, D, F, G, I, J, L and M (5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with ferric chloride, 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with potassium aluminium alum and 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract without mordant for 10 and 20 minutes). Results: The skin extract of Allium cepa stained the cytoplasm of cells and connective tissues in shades of reddish brown to yellowish brown. The study established the cytoplasmic counterstaining ability of the extract of Allium cepa. Conclusion: It is therefore suggested that onion skin extract solution can be substituted for eosin due to its domestic availability, ease of preparation and above all, its good cytoplasm contrast with the nuclear stain.
{"title":"The Staining Interactions of Aqueous Extract of Skin Allium cepa (Red Onion) on Some Selected Histological Tissues","authors":"M. Mohammed, A. A. Hali, O. Okechi, A. Muhammad, R. I. Tsamiya, U. Abubakar, I. Mohammed, A. Umar, S. M. Sani, M. K. Dallatu, J. Bunza, H. Kabir, H. M. Tambuwal, A. Slisu, B. A. Bello, F. A. Dogondaji, N. Okorie, S. Ma’aruf, D. Isah, A. A. Ngaski, N. A. Idris, A. Ajayi, M. Isah, M. Sirajo, A. Abdulazeez, H. Abullahi","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830212","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Histological stains are biological dyes which colour tissue in order to aid optical differentiation of tissue component. Dyes are coloured substance which impact colour for material such as textile, cosmetic, food, drugs, rubber plastics, hair, fur and tissues. There are two types of dyes namely; natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Allium cepa is an imperative, evergreen plant, which belongs to the family Amaryllidaceace commonly called bulb onion. Aim: This research work aimed at evaluating the staining capability of onion extract as counter stain when haematoxylin was used as primary stain. Methods: Tissue blocks sections of liver and kidney organs were made from the Wistar rat. Serial sections labelled A to M were made from each block and stained with Harris haematoxylin. Section A was counterstained with eosin, as control. Different preparations of extracts of the onion skin were used to counter stain sections of kidney and liver tissues. Group B to Mwere kidney and liver tissues stained as follows: B, E, H and K (5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with ferric chloride, 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with potassium aluminium alum, and 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract without mordant, for 10 and 20 minutes). C, D, F, G, I, J, L and M (5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with ferric chloride, 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with potassium aluminium alum and 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract without mordant for 10 and 20 minutes). Results: The skin extract of Allium cepa stained the cytoplasm of cells and connective tissues in shades of reddish brown to yellowish brown. The study established the cytoplasmic counterstaining ability of the extract of Allium cepa. Conclusion: It is therefore suggested that onion skin extract solution can be substituted for eosin due to its domestic availability, ease of preparation and above all, its good cytoplasm contrast with the nuclear stain.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77101757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830208
T. Balogun, D. Omoboyowa, Oluwatosin A. Saibu
Chemotherapy remains the kernel of malaria control and the available antimalarial drugs are not only expensive but also parade heterogeneous levels of toxicity and may invoke poor compliance in patients. The present study focuses on the screening of quinolone compounds against Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfDHFR) for anti-malarial potential using Glide (Schrodinger maestro 2017-1). Computational tool using Glide was employed to investigate the therapeutic relevance of six (6) quinolone derivatives retrieved from PUBCHEM via molecular docking against pfDHFR retrieved from protein data base. The results showed that, Lascufloxacin and moxifloxacin bind with higher affinity and lower free energy with catalytic domain of pfDHFR with glide score of 6.597 and -5.653 respectively compared to standard ligand (quinine) with glide score of -3.728. Lascufloxacin interacted with amino acid residue of the catalytic domain (SER 511, ARG 510, GLU 382) as evaluated by energy decomposition per residue lascufloxacin-pfDHFRcomplex. The results from this investigation, thus proposed quinolone derivatives as hit lead drug candidates which may be consider as potential inhibitor of pfDHFR. Original Research Article Balogun et al.; IJBCRR, 29(8): 10-17, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.59286 11
{"title":"In silico Anti-malaria Activity of Quinolone Compounds against Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase (pfDHFR)","authors":"T. Balogun, D. Omoboyowa, Oluwatosin A. Saibu","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i830208","url":null,"abstract":"Chemotherapy remains the kernel of malaria control and the available antimalarial drugs are not only expensive but also parade heterogeneous levels of toxicity and may invoke poor compliance in patients. The present study focuses on the screening of quinolone compounds against Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfDHFR) for anti-malarial potential using Glide (Schrodinger maestro 2017-1). Computational tool using Glide was employed to investigate the therapeutic relevance of six (6) quinolone derivatives retrieved from PUBCHEM via molecular docking against pfDHFR retrieved from protein data base. The results showed that, Lascufloxacin and moxifloxacin bind with higher affinity and lower free energy with catalytic domain of pfDHFR with glide score of 6.597 and -5.653 respectively compared to standard ligand (quinine) with glide score of -3.728. Lascufloxacin interacted with amino acid residue of the catalytic domain (SER 511, ARG 510, GLU 382) as evaluated by energy decomposition per residue lascufloxacin-pfDHFRcomplex. The results from this investigation, thus proposed quinolone derivatives as hit lead drug candidates which may be consider as potential inhibitor of pfDHFR. Original Research Article Balogun et al.; IJBCRR, 29(8): 10-17, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.59286 11","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82389227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730205
S. Umar, F. U. Maigari, J. Idi, J. Salome
The study was conducted to determine the levels of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and calcium present in Zobo Drink consumed in Gombe metropolis. Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa) drink has been consumed for decades as a non-alcoholic beverage, thus, the knowledge of its nutritional value is of huge interest. Hence, it is important to determine the level of some minerals present in the beverage. Ten samples were bought from different retailers within Gombe metropolis and were digested using Aqua regia (1:3 of HNO3 and HCL) in the laboratory and the levels of the various elements in each sample were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results obtained showed that the sample from Gombe State University commercial area 1 has the highest (P<0.05) magnesium content (9.38.±0.02 mg/kg). Calcium (2.90.±0.02 mg/kg) and Phosphorus (9.11.±0.02 mg/kg) were found to be highest in samples obtained from Arawa market and Gombe State University commercial area 2 respectively. Potassium was (14.45.±0.05 mg/kg) was highest in the beverage gotten from Gombe State University commercial area 2. The results Original Research Article Umar et al.; IJBCRR, 29(7): 31-35, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.58411 32 showed that Zobo drink sold in Gombe metropolis possess some amount of the assayed minerals but are lower than the Regular Dietary Intake (RDI) permissible by the World Health Organisation.
{"title":"Level of Some Mineral Elements in Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Drink Consumed within Gombe Metropolis","authors":"S. Umar, F. U. Maigari, J. Idi, J. Salome","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730205","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine the levels of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and calcium present in Zobo Drink consumed in Gombe metropolis. Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa) drink has been consumed for decades as a non-alcoholic beverage, thus, the knowledge of its nutritional value is of huge interest. Hence, it is important to determine the level of some minerals present in the beverage. Ten samples were bought from different retailers within Gombe metropolis and were digested using Aqua regia (1:3 of HNO3 and HCL) in the laboratory and the levels of the various elements in each sample were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results obtained showed that the sample from Gombe State University commercial area 1 has the highest (P<0.05) magnesium content (9.38.±0.02 mg/kg). Calcium (2.90.±0.02 mg/kg) and Phosphorus (9.11.±0.02 mg/kg) were found to be highest in samples obtained from Arawa market and Gombe State University commercial area 2 respectively. Potassium was (14.45.±0.05 mg/kg) was highest in the beverage gotten from Gombe State University commercial area 2. The results Original Research Article Umar et al.; IJBCRR, 29(7): 31-35, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.58411 32 showed that Zobo drink sold in Gombe metropolis possess some amount of the assayed minerals but are lower than the Regular Dietary Intake (RDI) permissible by the World Health Organisation.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73239047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To estimate the levels of serum adenosine deaminase and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects and to find the correlation between serum adenosine deaminase and serum insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur between October 2017 to September 2019. Methodology: 40 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from the Medicine Outpatient Department, RIMS and 40 healthy controls of age and sex-matched were recruited from those who came for a routine health check-up. Serum adenosine deaminase was measured by the calorimetry method and serum insulin was measured by ELISA method. The data were analyzed using statistical tools like Chi-square test, Independent sample t-test, Pearson’s Correlation through SPSS 21.0. Results: Mean serum adenosine deaminase was (38.97±8.853)U/L in cases and (20.05±5.309)U/L in controls and it was statistically significant (P<0.001). Mean serum insulin in cases was found to Original Research Article Singh et al.; IJBCRR, 29(7): 18-23, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.58938 19 be (18.09±5.554) μIU whereas in controls, it was (9.06±2.509) μIU which is statistically significant (p<0.001). Serum adenosine deaminase and insulin were found to be positively correlated to each other (r= 0.956, p<0.001). Conclusion: Serum adenosine deaminase and serum insulin were significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and positively correlated to each other. Serum adenosine deaminase may be used as a prognostic marker for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Serum Levels of Adenosine Deaminase and Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Yengkhom Upen Singh, Sangeeta Noarem, Potsangbam Jenny Devi, Victoria Kshetrimayum, Racheal Sweet Marbaniang, Uma Debbarma, Ksh. Birendra Singh, Maisnam Amuba Singh","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i730202","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To estimate the levels of serum adenosine deaminase and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects and to find the correlation between serum adenosine deaminase and serum insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur between October 2017 to September 2019. Methodology: 40 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from the Medicine Outpatient Department, RIMS and 40 healthy controls of age and sex-matched were recruited from those who came for a routine health check-up. Serum adenosine deaminase was measured by the calorimetry method and serum insulin was measured by ELISA method. The data were analyzed using statistical tools like Chi-square test, Independent sample t-test, Pearson’s Correlation through SPSS 21.0. Results: Mean serum adenosine deaminase was (38.97±8.853)U/L in cases and (20.05±5.309)U/L in controls and it was statistically significant (P<0.001). Mean serum insulin in cases was found to Original Research Article Singh et al.; IJBCRR, 29(7): 18-23, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.58938 19 be (18.09±5.554) μIU whereas in controls, it was (9.06±2.509) μIU which is statistically significant (p<0.001). Serum adenosine deaminase and insulin were found to be positively correlated to each other (r= 0.956, p<0.001). Conclusion: Serum adenosine deaminase and serum insulin were significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and positively correlated to each other. Serum adenosine deaminase may be used as a prognostic marker for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"62 1","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81075979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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