Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430159
Dogni Kouassi Dappah, Denis Yao N’Dri, Nestor Kouakou Kouassic, G. Amani
Aims: In tropical Africa, leafy vegetables are traditionally cooked and eaten as a relish together with a starchy staple food. The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of boiling on bioactive, proximate and antinutrients compounds in Solanum nigrum leaves. Methodology: The leaves were subjected to boiling in pressure cooker for 10, 15 and 20 min and proximate composition, minerals, nutritive and anti-nutritional components were determined according to standard methods for nutritional guidelines. Results: The result of the study revealed that longer time of boiling (higher than 10 min) caused negative impact by reducing nutritive value but positive impact by reducing anti-nutrients. The Original Research Article Dappah et al.; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-11, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.52752 2 registered losses (p < .05) at 10 min were as follows: ash (12.37%), proteins (33.69%), vitamin C (11.23 mg/ 100 g), polyphenols (125.41 mg/ 100 g) Tannins (81.96 mg/ 100 g) and Flavonoids (14.03 mg/100 g). The average increase of fibers content was (39.41%). Furthermore, after 10 min of boiling time the residual contents (p<0.05) of minerals was: Calcium (1079±29.04 to 386±78 mg/ 100 g), Phosphorus (405..24±10-508.88±2.58 mg/ 100 g), Iron (33.48±0.93–44.50±1.23 mg / 100 g) and Magnesium (572.78±19.76–662.99±27.23 mg/ 100 g).The antinutrient composition for oxalic acid were ranged 72.61±6.29 to 223.67±6.35 mg/100 g. The different ratios sodium / potassium (<1) and oxalates/calcium (<2.5) were under the respective critical value for all boiling. Conclusion: These results suggest that the recommended time of domestic cooking must be less than 10 min for the studied leafy vegetables in order to contribute efficiently to the nutritional requirement and to the food security of Ivorian population.
{"title":"Effect of Boiling on Chemicals, Phytochemicals and Nutritional Composition of Solanum nigrum L. Leaves Harvested in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Dogni Kouassi Dappah, Denis Yao N’Dri, Nestor Kouakou Kouassic, G. Amani","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430159","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In tropical Africa, leafy vegetables are traditionally cooked and eaten as a relish together with a starchy staple food. The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of boiling on bioactive, proximate and antinutrients compounds in Solanum nigrum leaves. Methodology: The leaves were subjected to boiling in pressure cooker for 10, 15 and 20 min and proximate composition, minerals, nutritive and anti-nutritional components were determined according to standard methods for nutritional guidelines. Results: The result of the study revealed that longer time of boiling (higher than 10 min) caused negative impact by reducing nutritive value but positive impact by reducing anti-nutrients. The Original Research Article Dappah et al.; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-11, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.52752 2 registered losses (p < .05) at 10 min were as follows: ash (12.37%), proteins (33.69%), vitamin C (11.23 mg/ 100 g), polyphenols (125.41 mg/ 100 g) Tannins (81.96 mg/ 100 g) and Flavonoids (14.03 mg/100 g). The average increase of fibers content was (39.41%). Furthermore, after 10 min of boiling time the residual contents (p<0.05) of minerals was: Calcium (1079±29.04 to 386±78 mg/ 100 g), Phosphorus (405..24±10-508.88±2.58 mg/ 100 g), Iron (33.48±0.93–44.50±1.23 mg / 100 g) and Magnesium (572.78±19.76–662.99±27.23 mg/ 100 g).The antinutrient composition for oxalic acid were ranged 72.61±6.29 to 223.67±6.35 mg/100 g. The different ratios sodium / potassium (<1) and oxalates/calcium (<2.5) were under the respective critical value for all boiling. Conclusion: These results suggest that the recommended time of domestic cooking must be less than 10 min for the studied leafy vegetables in order to contribute efficiently to the nutritional requirement and to the food security of Ivorian population.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78512937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430158
Achadu Abraham Eleojo, Umeh Chisom Charles, M. Nimat
Background: Reports has shown that edible leaves of vegetable plants serve both nutritional and medicinal purposes, yet are poorly utilized due to inadequate enlightenment of the major populace on their compositions. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the proximate, phytochemicals and reducing power of leaf extracts of Colocasia esculenta and Ipomoea batatas. Methodology: Washed and air dried leaf samples were milled and subjected to proximate and phytochemical analysis. Determination of calcium, iron and sodium content was by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. Reducing power was determined by the Potassium ferricyanide reducing power method. Results: Ipomoea batatas leaves was found to be higher in moisture (14.05%) and carbohydrate (29.33%) while Colocasia esculenta leaves was higher in ash (10.00%), Crude fiber (16.27%), Fat Original Research Article Achadu et al.; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-11, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.52703 2 (10.17%) and protein (29.41%). A better antioxidant activity and higher levels of all phytochemicals and minerals were observed in leaves of Colocasia esculenta compared to leaves of Ipomoea batatas. Conclusion: This study suggests that both leaves are of importance to human nutrition considering the observed levels of nutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. While C. esculenta leaves should be preferred for its nutrient and antioxidant advantages, both leaves can contribute immensely to the daily nutrient requirements.
{"title":"Proximate, Phytochemicals and Reducing Power of Leaf Extracts of Colocasia esculenta and Ipomoea batatas","authors":"Achadu Abraham Eleojo, Umeh Chisom Charles, M. Nimat","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reports has shown that edible leaves of vegetable plants serve both nutritional and medicinal purposes, yet are poorly utilized due to inadequate enlightenment of the major populace on their compositions. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the proximate, phytochemicals and reducing power of leaf extracts of Colocasia esculenta and Ipomoea batatas. Methodology: Washed and air dried leaf samples were milled and subjected to proximate and phytochemical analysis. Determination of calcium, iron and sodium content was by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. Reducing power was determined by the Potassium ferricyanide reducing power method. Results: Ipomoea batatas leaves was found to be higher in moisture (14.05%) and carbohydrate (29.33%) while Colocasia esculenta leaves was higher in ash (10.00%), Crude fiber (16.27%), Fat Original Research Article Achadu et al.; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-11, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.52703 2 (10.17%) and protein (29.41%). A better antioxidant activity and higher levels of all phytochemicals and minerals were observed in leaves of Colocasia esculenta compared to leaves of Ipomoea batatas. Conclusion: This study suggests that both leaves are of importance to human nutrition considering the observed levels of nutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. While C. esculenta leaves should be preferred for its nutrient and antioxidant advantages, both leaves can contribute immensely to the daily nutrient requirements.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89825423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-20DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430156
Sikander Ali, Syed muhammad Shahid Hussain
Concerned with the construction and design of novel biocatalysts, the enzyme engineering served to overcome the limitations of native enzymes, in order to create biocatalysts with tailored functions, to facilitate industrial applications. The enzymes, being recognized by screening and discovery workflows and further tailored by engineering platforms, are of immense potential as improved biocatalysts. Functional metagenomics is a powerful tool to identify novel enzymes followed by the construction of metagenome-based enzyme libraries. And the subsequent screening of these enzyme libraries is in turn facilitated by ultra-high-throughput-based, for example FACS or microfluidics, enzyme engineering technologies. Relies on the compartmentalization of reaction components, in order to detect and measure assay signal within the reaction compartments, the enzyme engineering platforms are designed which include cell-as-compartment platforms, dropletbased platforms and micro-chamber-based platforms. The metagenomics approach and highthroughput screening by these three prime enzyme engineer platforms are the focus of this review. Review Article
{"title":"Enzyme Functional Screening, Discovery and Engineering; Automation, Metagenomics and High-throughput Approaches","authors":"Sikander Ali, Syed muhammad Shahid Hussain","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430156","url":null,"abstract":"Concerned with the construction and design of novel biocatalysts, the enzyme engineering served to overcome the limitations of native enzymes, in order to create biocatalysts with tailored functions, to facilitate industrial applications. The enzymes, being recognized by screening and discovery workflows and further tailored by engineering platforms, are of immense potential as improved biocatalysts. Functional metagenomics is a powerful tool to identify novel enzymes followed by the construction of metagenome-based enzyme libraries. And the subsequent screening of these enzyme libraries is in turn facilitated by ultra-high-throughput-based, for example FACS or microfluidics, enzyme engineering technologies. Relies on the compartmentalization of reaction components, in order to detect and measure assay signal within the reaction compartments, the enzyme engineering platforms are designed which include cell-as-compartment platforms, dropletbased platforms and micro-chamber-based platforms. The metagenomics approach and highthroughput screening by these three prime enzyme engineer platforms are the focus of this review. Review Article","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79166507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-04DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430155
I. Mamatova, M. Mamarakhmonov, I. Askarov
Despite the availability of anti-TB drugs, the proportion of cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) is increasing. One of the important tasks to identify effective drugs in nature is the study of numerous experiments of traditional medicine. This work is devoted to the study of chemical, biochemical, medical evaluation of the new therapeutic food additive "Majmui Rahmoniy", and its effective effect on Mycobacterium smegmatis and MS Rv2349c gene which responsible for the phospholipase activity.
{"title":"Influence of Fractional Composition of Dietary Supplements \"Majmui Rahmoniy\" on Mycobacterium smegmatis","authors":"I. Mamatova, M. Mamarakhmonov, I. Askarov","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430155","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the availability of anti-TB drugs, the proportion of cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) is increasing. One of the important tasks to identify effective drugs in nature is the study of numerous experiments of traditional medicine. This work is devoted to the study of chemical, biochemical, medical evaluation of the new therapeutic food additive \"Majmui Rahmoniy\", and its effective effect on Mycobacterium smegmatis and MS Rv2349c gene which responsible for the phospholipase activity.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"397 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78042878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430154
Abraham Zorte, Jonathan Esima, Waribo Helen, D. Onwuli
Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug often obtainable as a prescription drug or over the counter. It is very effective in the control of inflammation and pain due to arthritis or pains arising following many disease conditions because of its antipyretic, anti inflammatory and analgesic potentials. Despite the beneficial effects of diclofenac sodium, it has been implicated in some adverse effects. In this study, we examined the effect of acute and chronic administration of diclofenac sodium on some hematological (PCV, WBC differentials) and coagulation (prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count) parameters of albino Wister rats using the standard methods. Twenty four Albino Wister rats were divided into three groups of 8 rats and grouped as control, acute study and chronic study. The rats were administered 0.2 mg of diclofenac sodium for 24 hours for acute and 3 weeks for chronic studies respectively. The rats were sacrificed and blood collected for analysis of PCV, WBC differentials, prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count using the standard methods. Results show that acute administration of diclofenac sodium at 0.2 mg has no effect on hematological and coagulation parameters, but chronic administration could instigate significant reduction in PCV, platelets count, neutrophils and monocytes (p<0.001), while there is a significant increase in PT, INR, lymphocytes (p<0.001). Considering these alterations, it is advisable that this drug should be made a strictly prescription drug in order to prevent indiscriminate use of this medication and to prevent attendant anemia and coagulopathy that may follow chronic use.
{"title":"Effect of Oral Administration of Diclofenac Sodium on Coagulation Factors and Some Hematological Parameters in Wister Rats","authors":"Abraham Zorte, Jonathan Esima, Waribo Helen, D. Onwuli","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430154","url":null,"abstract":"Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug often obtainable as a prescription drug or over the counter. It is very effective in the control of inflammation and pain due to arthritis or pains arising following many disease conditions because of its antipyretic, anti inflammatory and analgesic potentials. Despite the beneficial effects of diclofenac sodium, it has been implicated in some adverse effects. In this study, we examined the effect of acute and chronic administration of diclofenac sodium on some hematological (PCV, WBC differentials) and coagulation (prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count) parameters of albino Wister rats using the standard methods. Twenty four Albino Wister rats were divided into three groups of 8 rats and grouped as control, acute study and chronic study. The rats were administered 0.2 mg of diclofenac sodium for 24 hours for acute and 3 weeks for chronic studies respectively. The rats were sacrificed and blood collected for analysis of PCV, WBC differentials, prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count using the standard methods. Results show that acute administration of diclofenac sodium at 0.2 mg has no effect on hematological and coagulation parameters, but chronic administration could instigate significant reduction in PCV, platelets count, neutrophils and monocytes (p<0.001), while there is a significant increase in PT, INR, lymphocytes (p<0.001). Considering these alterations, it is advisable that this drug should be made a strictly prescription drug in order to prevent indiscriminate use of this medication and to prevent attendant anemia and coagulopathy that may follow chronic use.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87284075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-24DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430153
Blei Sika Hortense, T. C. Sylvain, Eba Krou Philippe, B. Maxwell, Faulet Meuwiah Betty, N. Sébastien, K. Patrice
The presence of termites in the cocoa plantations and quarries of Côte d'Ivoire poses a threat to the producers of this sector. Producer yields are insufficient to cover the strong market demand. This situation leads to food insecurity for the population. Knowledge of the specific inhibitory molecules of digestive enzymes of termites is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of insecticides to optimize crop production. The present study was aimed to characterize termite cellulases according to the trophic group. Specifically, the influence of chemical agents on the Original Research Article Hortense et al.; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-7, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.53462 2 cellulase activities of four humivorous (Cubitermes fungifaber) and xylophagous termites (Nasutitermes latifrons, Microcerotermes fuscotibialis and Amitermes guineensis) collected in Daloa during the October period was investigated. Thus, the cellulase activities were measured by the spectrophotometric method in the absence and in the presence of the concentrations of 1 and 5 mM of various chemical agents. The chemical agents used behaved differently on cellulase activities. Thus, Cu, Pb and EDTA inhibited the cellulase activity of M. fuscotibialis more than 90% at concentrations of 1 and 5 mM, respectively, indicating the presence of a metalloprotein. On the other hand, that of the other two xylophagous species was slightly inhibited. In addition, the cellulase activity of C. Fungifaber was inhibited at the two respective concentrations by Cu 2+ at about 70%. In conclusion, Cu 2+ , pb 2+ and EDTA can be used in the formulation of some specific insecticides against humivorous and xylophagous termites.
{"title":"Inhibitors of Cellulase Activities According to the Trophic Group of Termites (Insecta: Isoptera) from Daloa (Côte d'Ivoire)","authors":"Blei Sika Hortense, T. C. Sylvain, Eba Krou Philippe, B. Maxwell, Faulet Meuwiah Betty, N. Sébastien, K. Patrice","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430153","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of termites in the cocoa plantations and quarries of Côte d'Ivoire poses a threat to the producers of this sector. Producer yields are insufficient to cover the strong market demand. This situation leads to food insecurity for the population. Knowledge of the specific inhibitory molecules of digestive enzymes of termites is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of insecticides to optimize crop production. The present study was aimed to characterize termite cellulases according to the trophic group. Specifically, the influence of chemical agents on the Original Research Article Hortense et al.; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-7, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.53462 2 cellulase activities of four humivorous (Cubitermes fungifaber) and xylophagous termites (Nasutitermes latifrons, Microcerotermes fuscotibialis and Amitermes guineensis) collected in Daloa during the October period was investigated. Thus, the cellulase activities were measured by the spectrophotometric method in the absence and in the presence of the concentrations of 1 and 5 mM of various chemical agents. The chemical agents used behaved differently on cellulase activities. Thus, Cu, Pb and EDTA inhibited the cellulase activity of M. fuscotibialis more than 90% at concentrations of 1 and 5 mM, respectively, indicating the presence of a metalloprotein. On the other hand, that of the other two xylophagous species was slightly inhibited. In addition, the cellulase activity of C. Fungifaber was inhibited at the two respective concentrations by Cu 2+ at about 70%. In conclusion, Cu 2+ , pb 2+ and EDTA can be used in the formulation of some specific insecticides against humivorous and xylophagous termites.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87072001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430152
Vijaysinh Parmar, Kuldip Singh, Asha Khubchandani
Background: β-Thalassemia major is considered to be one of the most common inherited hemolytic anemia. Enhanced years of survival of thalassemia have led to unmasking related complications related to alterations in certain trace elements like magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc etc. Objective: Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of iron chelation therapy and blood transfusion on certain trace elements (Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper, Zinc) in βthalassemic patients on chelation therapy more than one year. Materials and Methods: In the present cross sectional study, 100 β-thalassemic patients receiving chelation therapy for atleast 1year were recruited from Civil Hospital Ahmedabad, Gujarat during February, 2017 to December, 2018 and equal number (n=100) of healthy subjects were taken as a control group in the age range of 8 to 15 years of both sexes (male & female). The levels of serum magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and copper in serum were analyzed and results were correlated with normal healthy subjects. Original Research Article Parmar et al.; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-5, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.53338 2 Results: A significant increase in serum copper (P≤ 0.01) and phosphorus (P≤ 0.001) were observed levels while a significant (P≤ 0.05) fall in magnesium, calcium and zinc levels recorded in β-thalassemic patients in comparison to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Aforementioned observations suggested that fluctuations in the trace elements levels in βthalassemic children receiving blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy could leads to different complications like hemolyzed red cells, infections & hemochromatosis renal damage, hypoparathyroidism etc. if remains untreated. Hence routine assessment of these elements is recommended for better management.
背景:β-地中海贫血被认为是最常见的遗传性溶血性贫血之一。地中海贫血患者生存时间的延长导致了与某些微量元素(如镁、钙、磷、铜、锌等)改变有关的并发症的暴露。目的:评价铁螯合治疗及输血对β地中海贫血1年以上患者微量元素(镁、钙、磷、铜、锌)的影响。材料与方法:本横断面研究选取2017年2月至2018年12月在古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德民用医院接受螯合治疗至少1年的β-地中海贫血患者100例，同时选取同等数量的健康受试者(n=100)作为对照组，年龄在8 ~ 15岁，男女均可。分析血清镁、钙、磷、锌、铜水平，结果与正常健康人相关。Parmar et al.;生物工程学报，28(4):1-5,2019;文章no.IJBCRR。结果:β-地中海贫血患者血清铜(P≤0.01)、磷(P≤0.001)水平显著升高，镁、钙、锌水平显著下降(P≤0.05)。结论:上述观察结果提示，β地中海贫血患儿在接受输血和铁螯合治疗后，微量元素水平的波动可能导致红细胞溶血、感染和血色素沉着症、肾损害、甲状旁腺功能减退等不同的并发症。因此，建议对这些因素进行例行评估，以便更好地管理。
{"title":"Effect of Chelation Therapy and Blood Transfusion on Trace Elements in Thalassemia Patients","authors":"Vijaysinh Parmar, Kuldip Singh, Asha Khubchandani","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430152","url":null,"abstract":"Background: β-Thalassemia major is considered to be one of the most common inherited hemolytic anemia. Enhanced years of survival of thalassemia have led to unmasking related complications related to alterations in certain trace elements like magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc etc. Objective: Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of iron chelation therapy and blood transfusion on certain trace elements (Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper, Zinc) in βthalassemic patients on chelation therapy more than one year. Materials and Methods: In the present cross sectional study, 100 β-thalassemic patients receiving chelation therapy for atleast 1year were recruited from Civil Hospital Ahmedabad, Gujarat during February, 2017 to December, 2018 and equal number (n=100) of healthy subjects were taken as a control group in the age range of 8 to 15 years of both sexes (male & female). The levels of serum magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and copper in serum were analyzed and results were correlated with normal healthy subjects. Original Research Article Parmar et al.; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-5, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.53338 2 Results: A significant increase in serum copper (P≤ 0.01) and phosphorus (P≤ 0.001) were observed levels while a significant (P≤ 0.05) fall in magnesium, calcium and zinc levels recorded in β-thalassemic patients in comparison to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Aforementioned observations suggested that fluctuations in the trace elements levels in βthalassemic children receiving blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy could leads to different complications like hemolyzed red cells, infections & hemochromatosis renal damage, hypoparathyroidism etc. if remains untreated. Hence routine assessment of these elements is recommended for better management.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"99 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87238747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430151
Chiedozie Nicholas Abraham, G. Udom, K. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
This study evaluated the Nephrotoxic effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO). After preparation of the WSF and a range finding test, the Wistar albino rats were administered three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of WSF of BLCO for 30 and 60days. Data from the study showed that Urea concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) with increasing dose of BLCO ranging from 14.71 mg/dl in the control to 35.28 mg/dl in the 100% group after 30days and 14.28 mg/dl in the control to 41.08mg/dl in the 100% group after 60days, Creatinine concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) from 0.22 mg/dl in the control to 0.82mg/dl in the 100% group after 60 days administration while electrolyte (Na, K, Cl) concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) with increasing dose of BLCO after 60days administration. Histopathological examination of the kidney was characterized by partial partitioning of the glomerular tufts, obliteration of the Bowman’s capsule and distortion of the renal tubules. The findings in this research suggest that WSF of BLCO induced nephrotoxicity.
{"title":"Nephrotoxicological Effect of Water Soluble Fraction of Bonny Light Crude Oil in Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"Chiedozie Nicholas Abraham, G. Udom, K. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430151","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the Nephrotoxic effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO). After preparation of the WSF and a range finding test, the Wistar albino rats were administered three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of WSF of BLCO for 30 and 60days. Data from the study showed that Urea concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) with increasing dose of BLCO ranging from 14.71 mg/dl in the control to 35.28 mg/dl in the 100% group after 30days and 14.28 mg/dl in the control to 41.08mg/dl in the 100% group after 60days, Creatinine concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) from 0.22 mg/dl in the control to 0.82mg/dl in the 100% group after 60 days administration while electrolyte (Na, K, Cl) concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) with increasing dose of BLCO after 60days administration. Histopathological examination of the kidney was characterized by partial partitioning of the glomerular tufts, obliteration of the Bowman’s capsule and distortion of the renal tubules. The findings in this research suggest that WSF of BLCO induced nephrotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84593087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430149
E. Fagbohun, A. Ogundahunsi
The effect of storage on the nutritive values, proximate composition and mycoflora of Citrullus lanatus was investigated during a 24 weeks of storage. The mycoflora were isolated using direct plating and washing methods. Eight fungi were isolated namely Fusarium sp., Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium sp. The fungal count was found to increase as the storage time increased. The proximate analysis showed a decrease and an increase on some parameters investigated. The mineral composition was found to decrease as the storage time increased. The following nutrients (g/100 g) were found to have reduced: ash content 4.29 3.19, fibre content 2.06 1.51, fat content 57.02 50.90, while the following increased: Moisture content 7.21-12.22, crude protein 29.24-30.90, carbohydrate content 0.20-2.01. The results for minerals analysis (mg/100 g) showed a decrease in all parameters investigated: sodium 2.01-1.49, potassium 65.52-56.21, calcium 13.10-10.19, magnesium 46.34Original Research Article Fagbohun and Ogundahunsi; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-7, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.51860 2 37.61, Iron 8.12-3.31, zinc 4.76-1.24, copper 2.84-2.11 and phosphorus 3.46-1.60 while lead and cadmium were not detected. However, storage was found to cause deterioration and reduction in the nutritive value and mineral content of C. lanatus seeds. It is therefore recommended that these seeds must be stored under controlled conditions that will prevent the growth of fungi and reduction of nutrients.
{"title":"Effects of Storage on Nutritional, Mineral Composition and Mycoflora of Stored Sundried Citrullus lanatus Thunberg (Melon) Seeds","authors":"E. Fagbohun, A. Ogundahunsi","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i430149","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of storage on the nutritive values, proximate composition and mycoflora of Citrullus lanatus was investigated during a 24 weeks of storage. The mycoflora were isolated using direct plating and washing methods. Eight fungi were isolated namely Fusarium sp., Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium sp. The fungal count was found to increase as the storage time increased. The proximate analysis showed a decrease and an increase on some parameters investigated. The mineral composition was found to decrease as the storage time increased. The following nutrients (g/100 g) were found to have reduced: ash content 4.29 3.19, fibre content 2.06 1.51, fat content 57.02 50.90, while the following increased: Moisture content 7.21-12.22, crude protein 29.24-30.90, carbohydrate content 0.20-2.01. The results for minerals analysis (mg/100 g) showed a decrease in all parameters investigated: sodium 2.01-1.49, potassium 65.52-56.21, calcium 13.10-10.19, magnesium 46.34Original Research Article Fagbohun and Ogundahunsi; IJBCRR, 28(4): 1-7, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.51860 2 37.61, Iron 8.12-3.31, zinc 4.76-1.24, copper 2.84-2.11 and phosphorus 3.46-1.60 while lead and cadmium were not detected. However, storage was found to cause deterioration and reduction in the nutritive value and mineral content of C. lanatus seeds. It is therefore recommended that these seeds must be stored under controlled conditions that will prevent the growth of fungi and reduction of nutrients.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78764503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330148
Mohammed Abba Dige, Emmanuel Paul Okoi
The α-synuclein (SNCA) gene is a pathogenic gene identified in rare familial Parkinson Disease (PD). Recent studies highlight the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic PD. Hypomethylation in SNCA gene has been associated with increased SNCA gene expression and was observed in post mortem brains of patients with sporadic PD. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of iron (II) chloride on SH-SY5Y cell models as pertain to cell death caused by oxidative stress, upregulation of SNCA gene expression and reduced SNCA gene methylation. Result obtained from LDH assay showed significant (p < 0.05) evidence of cell death in treated cells as compared to the control sample. Analysis for SNCA gene quantification using RT-PCR showed significant increases in fold change. Cells treated with 1000μM of FeCl2 showed the highest fold change of 6.0 while cells treated with 250μM had the lowest fold change of 1.8. In DNA methylation assay using pyrosequencing, cells treated with varying concentrations of FeCl2 Original Research Article Dige and Okoi; IJBCRR, 28(3): 1-10, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.53099 2 showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in DNA methylation. At 250μM, 500μM and 750μM concentrations of FeCl2, an average mean methylation levels of 1.84%, 1.40% and 1.23% was obtained respectively while cells treated with 1000 μM had the lowest average mean methylation level of 1.0%. Thus, the decrease in methylation is linked to the upregulation of the SNCA gene which has been reported to be among the causative factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of Iron (II) Chloride Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells and Its Role in Upregulation of α-Synuclein Expression","authors":"Mohammed Abba Dige, Emmanuel Paul Okoi","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330148","url":null,"abstract":"The α-synuclein (SNCA) gene is a pathogenic gene identified in rare familial Parkinson Disease (PD). Recent studies highlight the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic PD. Hypomethylation in SNCA gene has been associated with increased SNCA gene expression and was observed in post mortem brains of patients with sporadic PD. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of iron (II) chloride on SH-SY5Y cell models as pertain to cell death caused by oxidative stress, upregulation of SNCA gene expression and reduced SNCA gene methylation. Result obtained from LDH assay showed significant (p < 0.05) evidence of cell death in treated cells as compared to the control sample. Analysis for SNCA gene quantification using RT-PCR showed significant increases in fold change. Cells treated with 1000μM of FeCl2 showed the highest fold change of 6.0 while cells treated with 250μM had the lowest fold change of 1.8. In DNA methylation assay using pyrosequencing, cells treated with varying concentrations of FeCl2 Original Research Article Dige and Okoi; IJBCRR, 28(3): 1-10, 2019; Article no.IJBCRR.53099 2 showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in DNA methylation. At 250μM, 500μM and 750μM concentrations of FeCl2, an average mean methylation levels of 1.84%, 1.40% and 1.23% was obtained respectively while cells treated with 1000 μM had the lowest average mean methylation level of 1.0%. Thus, the decrease in methylation is linked to the upregulation of the SNCA gene which has been reported to be among the causative factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89279558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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