Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930231
S. Jadhav, M. Shioorkar, O. S. Chavan, Sunil G. Sabhadinde, S. B. Sonje, D. Shinde
Corona virus-2 (nCOVID-19), causes respiratory infection including cold, fever, sneezing and coughing, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. It transmitted human to human via airborne droplets. Corona virus enters in human cell through membrane ACE-2 exopeptidase receptor. Corona virus (CV) previously it treated as non-fatal virus (NFV), HCoV-NH, SARS and MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. It was first isolated from Wuhan market China at December 2019, in world thus its name nCOVID-19. It is a Chain Reaction Disease (CRD) because of tremendously spread through contact human to human. WHO and ECDC advised to avoid public place social distance and close contact (person-person) to infected persons, airborne droplet Review Article Jadhav et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 113-130, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.56840 114 through sneezing and coughing. Some precautions, preventions and treatment of formerly synthesized anti-malarial, anti-biotic and anti-inflammatory etc drug used on novel corona virus disease.
{"title":"Novel Corona Virus (nCOVID-19; India): Chain Reaction Disease (CRD); Precaution-Prevention, Treatment A Review","authors":"S. Jadhav, M. Shioorkar, O. S. Chavan, Sunil G. Sabhadinde, S. B. Sonje, D. Shinde","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930231","url":null,"abstract":"Corona virus-2 (nCOVID-19), causes respiratory infection including cold, fever, sneezing and coughing, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. It transmitted human to human via airborne droplets. Corona virus enters in human cell through membrane ACE-2 exopeptidase receptor. Corona virus (CV) previously it treated as non-fatal virus (NFV), HCoV-NH, SARS and MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. It was first isolated from Wuhan market China at December 2019, in world thus its name nCOVID-19. It is a Chain Reaction Disease (CRD) because of tremendously spread through contact human to human. WHO and ECDC advised to avoid public place social distance and close contact (person-person) to infected persons, airborne droplet Review Article Jadhav et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 113-130, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.56840 114 through sneezing and coughing. Some precautions, preventions and treatment of formerly synthesized anti-malarial, anti-biotic and anti-inflammatory etc drug used on novel corona virus disease.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"s3-35 1","pages":"113-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90825822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930230
I. Adefisan, O. Ebuehi, O. S. Odesanmi
Alafia barteri leaves are valued for its efficacy in the traditional medicine system in Nigeria. It has been used over the years for the treatment of various diseases some of which include malaria, sickle cell anaemia, and eye infections. This has necessitated the evaluation of its chemical composition to ensure its safety for human use. This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, proximate and elemental composition of Alafia barteri leaf. The phytochemicals and proximate analyses were carried out using standard methods. The mineral elements were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The proximate analysis of the leaves showed it contained moisture 8.6%, crude fibre 48.29%, protein 15.84%, carbohydrate 13.13%, lipids 7.23% and ash 6.75%. The mineral analysis of the leaves revealed the presence of the following minerals: calcium (96.2 mg/100 g), manganese (74.8 mg/100 g), iron (46.2 mg/100 g), magnesium (31.05 mg/100 g), potassium (3.3 mg/ 100 g), sodium (2.9 mg/100 g). The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. The study revealed the leaves of Alafia barteri to be a potential source of minerals and nutrients needed for human nutrition. Original Research Article Adefisan et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 108-112, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.62896 109
{"title":"Proximate, Mineral Composition and Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Alafia barteri Oliv. (Apocynaceae)","authors":"I. Adefisan, O. Ebuehi, O. S. Odesanmi","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930230","url":null,"abstract":"Alafia barteri leaves are valued for its efficacy in the traditional medicine system in Nigeria. It has been used over the years for the treatment of various diseases some of which include malaria, sickle cell anaemia, and eye infections. This has necessitated the evaluation of its chemical composition to ensure its safety for human use. This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, proximate and elemental composition of Alafia barteri leaf. The phytochemicals and proximate analyses were carried out using standard methods. The mineral elements were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The proximate analysis of the leaves showed it contained moisture 8.6%, crude fibre 48.29%, protein 15.84%, carbohydrate 13.13%, lipids 7.23% and ash 6.75%. The mineral analysis of the leaves revealed the presence of the following minerals: calcium (96.2 mg/100 g), manganese (74.8 mg/100 g), iron (46.2 mg/100 g), magnesium (31.05 mg/100 g), potassium (3.3 mg/ 100 g), sodium (2.9 mg/100 g). The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. The study revealed the leaves of Alafia barteri to be a potential source of minerals and nutrients needed for human nutrition. Original Research Article Adefisan et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 108-112, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.62896 109","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88962339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930229
Hellen Chebet, J. Kinyua, P. Kareru, Njiema Gitaari
Several plants worldwide have exhibited potentiality in human pathogen eradication. The aim of this work was to characterize the compounds and determine antibacterial efficiency of Tithonia diversifolia essential oils and its iron II nanoparticles. The experimental test was done against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Characterization of the compounds was done using UV-VIS and FTIR to determine the functional groups that are present. Antibacterial activity was done using disc diffusion method by Beer Lambert. The results obtained indicated that the crude extract at 0.1% v/v concentration was effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus only, while the complexed sample was significantly effective against all microbes under test at the corresponding concentration. The outcome showed comparable results to the positive controls used and therefore, the plant extract was effective against human disease causing microbes and is recommendable for use against them. Original Research Article Chebet et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 101-107, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61962 102
世界上有几种植物显示出根除人类病原体的潜力。本研究的目的是表征牛蒡精油及其铁离子纳米颗粒的抑菌效果。实验检测对象为革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌)。用紫外可见光谱和红外光谱对化合物进行了表征，以确定所存在的官能团。用bierlambert圆盘扩散法测定其抑菌活性。结果表明，0.1% v/v浓度的粗提物仅对铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有效，而相应浓度的复配样品对所有被试微生物均有显著的抑菌效果。结果显示与使用的阳性对照结果相当，因此，植物提取物对引起人类疾病的微生物有效，建议用于治疗它们。Chebet et al.;生物工程学报，29(9):101-107,2020;文章no.IJBCRR。61962 102
{"title":"Characterization and Antibacterial Potential of Tithonia diversifolia Extract and Its Iron II Nanoparticles","authors":"Hellen Chebet, J. Kinyua, P. Kareru, Njiema Gitaari","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930229","url":null,"abstract":"Several plants worldwide have exhibited potentiality in human pathogen eradication. The aim of this work was to characterize the compounds and determine antibacterial efficiency of Tithonia diversifolia essential oils and its iron II nanoparticles. The experimental test was done against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Characterization of the compounds was done using UV-VIS and FTIR to determine the functional groups that are present. Antibacterial activity was done using disc diffusion method by Beer Lambert. The results obtained indicated that the crude extract at 0.1% v/v concentration was effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus only, while the complexed sample was significantly effective against all microbes under test at the corresponding concentration. The outcome showed comparable results to the positive controls used and therefore, the plant extract was effective against human disease causing microbes and is recommendable for use against them. Original Research Article Chebet et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 101-107, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61962 102","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"72 1","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79955504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-28DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930228
O. Abdulmalik, O. Oladapo
Aims: To determine the effect of V. amygdalina on the levels of antioxidants and the liver of rabbits fed on a atherogenic diet. Study Design: Prospective experimental study. Place and Duration of study: Study lasted 14 weeks at Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: Eighteen male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups comprising control, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina. The animals were fed a normal animal chow, or a diet supplemented by 0.5% cholesterol and 1% methionine for twelve weeks. Subsequently, serum was obtained for liver function tests. Samples of the liver of the animals were obtained for antioxidant tests and histology. Results: Aspartate transaminase was significantly elevated in atherogenic diet only group compared to animals on normal diet. There was also no statistically significant difference across the three groups in the alanine transaminase values. Superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced Original Research Article Abdulmalik and Oladapo; IJBCRR, 29(9): 91-100, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.63158 92 in animals that were administered extract. Malondialdehyde was not statistically different across the three groups. The histology of the liver of the animals on high cholesterol diet (with and without extract administration) revealed similar microscopic presence of fatty infiltration of the liver. Conclusion: The use of high cholesterol diet for a duration of twelve weeks in rabbits resulted in significant increased relative liver weight, aspartate transaminase, superoxide dismutase and hepatic microvesicular steatosis. Furthermore, the use of 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina had ameliorative effect on the level of superoxide dismutase. It did not have a measurable effect on the malondialdehyde, liver enzymes and liver histology.
{"title":"The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) on Antioxidants and the Liver of Rabbits on High Cholesterol Diet","authors":"O. Abdulmalik, O. Oladapo","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930228","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the effect of V. amygdalina on the levels of antioxidants and the liver of rabbits fed on a atherogenic diet. Study Design: Prospective experimental study. Place and Duration of study: Study lasted 14 weeks at Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: Eighteen male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups comprising control, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina. The animals were fed a normal animal chow, or a diet supplemented by 0.5% cholesterol and 1% methionine for twelve weeks. Subsequently, serum was obtained for liver function tests. Samples of the liver of the animals were obtained for antioxidant tests and histology. Results: Aspartate transaminase was significantly elevated in atherogenic diet only group compared to animals on normal diet. There was also no statistically significant difference across the three groups in the alanine transaminase values. Superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced Original Research Article Abdulmalik and Oladapo; IJBCRR, 29(9): 91-100, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.63158 92 in animals that were administered extract. Malondialdehyde was not statistically different across the three groups. The histology of the liver of the animals on high cholesterol diet (with and without extract administration) revealed similar microscopic presence of fatty infiltration of the liver. Conclusion: The use of high cholesterol diet for a duration of twelve weeks in rabbits resulted in significant increased relative liver weight, aspartate transaminase, superoxide dismutase and hepatic microvesicular steatosis. Furthermore, the use of 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina had ameliorative effect on the level of superoxide dismutase. It did not have a measurable effect on the malondialdehyde, liver enzymes and liver histology.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82684434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930226
Reshav Naik, A. Bhushan, R. Gupta, A. Walia, A. Gaur
The demand of vegetable crops is increasing day by day due to changes in consumption patterns, so the need of the hour is to develop technologies that enhance the vegetable production at a rapid rate. Plant Tissue culture is one such remarkable biotechnological tool that has its application in vegetable propagation and improvement, disease elimination, herbicide resistance, salinity tolerance, incorporation of high nutrient content, genetically improved plants and conservation of endangered plant species and in the near future usage of this technology is going to increase further manifold. It is used for production of disease free quality planting material and development of varieties through direct regeneration, anther/ovule culture, somatic embryogenesis etc. or for creation of new variation (organogenesis via callus formation, soma-clonal variation and in vitro mutagenesis). In spite of being a very important and viable non-conventional biotechnological tool, high cost of production of seedlings in vitro remains a major impediment in popularization of this technology. High cost of producing seedlings is due to availability of limited resources, high recurrent costs of consumables for media and lack of awareness, which limits its application only to a few institutions and rich farmers especially in developing countries. Therefore, in order to make this technology a successful and viable option for the farmers, future thrust must be on cost Review Article Naik et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 66-78, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.62675 67 reduction of in vitro seedlings. The components of tissue culture technology such as culture media components, glassware, lighting and water for media preparation can be replaced with low cost alternatives to reduce the overall cost of tissue culture. The usage of alternatives for gelling agent’s like isabgol (potato, tomato, cassava, turmeric, ginger), sago (potato, tomato, turmeric, ginger) cassava starch (potato, cassava, sweet potato) barley starch, phytagel etc. and for carbon sources like table sugar (potato, turmeric, ginger), jaggery, sugarcane juice, cube sugar (bittergord), brown sugar etc have already been documented worldwide. The present paper reviews the work done by researchers around the globe in developing various low cost alternative technologies with focus on vegetable crops.
{"title":"Low Cost Tissue Culture Technologies in Vegetables: A Review","authors":"Reshav Naik, A. Bhushan, R. Gupta, A. Walia, A. Gaur","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930226","url":null,"abstract":"The demand of vegetable crops is increasing day by day due to changes in consumption patterns, so the need of the hour is to develop technologies that enhance the vegetable production at a rapid rate. Plant Tissue culture is one such remarkable biotechnological tool that has its application in vegetable propagation and improvement, disease elimination, herbicide resistance, salinity tolerance, incorporation of high nutrient content, genetically improved plants and conservation of endangered plant species and in the near future usage of this technology is going to increase further manifold. It is used for production of disease free quality planting material and development of varieties through direct regeneration, anther/ovule culture, somatic embryogenesis etc. or for creation of new variation (organogenesis via callus formation, soma-clonal variation and in vitro mutagenesis). In spite of being a very important and viable non-conventional biotechnological tool, high cost of production of seedlings in vitro remains a major impediment in popularization of this technology. High cost of producing seedlings is due to availability of limited resources, high recurrent costs of consumables for media and lack of awareness, which limits its application only to a few institutions and rich farmers especially in developing countries. Therefore, in order to make this technology a successful and viable option for the farmers, future thrust must be on cost Review Article Naik et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 66-78, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.62675 67 reduction of in vitro seedlings. The components of tissue culture technology such as culture media components, glassware, lighting and water for media preparation can be replaced with low cost alternatives to reduce the overall cost of tissue culture. The usage of alternatives for gelling agent’s like isabgol (potato, tomato, cassava, turmeric, ginger), sago (potato, tomato, turmeric, ginger) cassava starch (potato, cassava, sweet potato) barley starch, phytagel etc. and for carbon sources like table sugar (potato, turmeric, ginger), jaggery, sugarcane juice, cube sugar (bittergord), brown sugar etc have already been documented worldwide. The present paper reviews the work done by researchers around the globe in developing various low cost alternative technologies with focus on vegetable crops.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90211491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930227
T. Abiola, O. O. David, Farombi Ebenezer Olatunde
Aim: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element in many cellular processes. However, there is dearth of literature on its influence on indomethacin-induced hepatorenal damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of manganese on indomethacin-induced hepatorenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of eight rats consisting of control group, indomethacin (IND) alone (20 mg/kg), Mn alone (10 mg/kg) and co-treated group that were treated orally for 14 consecutive days. Twenty four hours after treatment, under pentobarbital anesthesia, blood was collected and liver was excised to prepare homogenate and histology staining. Liver and kidney function tests aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamine dehydrogenase (GLDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), bilirubin (BIL), urea, creatinine, cholesterol (CHOL), Original Research Article Abiola et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 79-90, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.62152 80 triglycerides (TG), low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL), electrolytes and oxidative stress superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) biomarkers were assessed. Results: The results showed that indomethacin caused hepatorenal damage in rats manifested with increase in serum hepatic and renal function biomarkers. But co-administration of IND with Mn significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of hepatorenal biomarkers. Additionally, coadministration of IND with Mn improved the antioxidant status with concomitant reduction of LPO and restored the integrity of the liver and kidney histologically. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize that co-administration of IND with Mn to rats alleviated IND-induced hepatorenal toxicities and oxidative stress in rats.
{"title":"Manganese Inhibits Indomethacin-Induced Hepatorenal Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats","authors":"T. Abiola, O. O. David, Farombi Ebenezer Olatunde","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930227","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element in many cellular processes. However, there is dearth of literature on its influence on indomethacin-induced hepatorenal damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of manganese on indomethacin-induced hepatorenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of eight rats consisting of control group, indomethacin (IND) alone (20 mg/kg), Mn alone (10 mg/kg) and co-treated group that were treated orally for 14 consecutive days. Twenty four hours after treatment, under pentobarbital anesthesia, blood was collected and liver was excised to prepare homogenate and histology staining. Liver and kidney function tests aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamine dehydrogenase (GLDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), bilirubin (BIL), urea, creatinine, cholesterol (CHOL), Original Research Article Abiola et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 79-90, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.62152 80 triglycerides (TG), low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL), electrolytes and oxidative stress superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) biomarkers were assessed. Results: The results showed that indomethacin caused hepatorenal damage in rats manifested with increase in serum hepatic and renal function biomarkers. But co-administration of IND with Mn significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of hepatorenal biomarkers. Additionally, coadministration of IND with Mn improved the antioxidant status with concomitant reduction of LPO and restored the integrity of the liver and kidney histologically. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize that co-administration of IND with Mn to rats alleviated IND-induced hepatorenal toxicities and oxidative stress in rats.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"195 1","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75890680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-26DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930225
E. Umoren, I. Wopara, O. G. Adebayo, U. Ezike, A. O. Obembe
Background: Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous plant in the Cannabis genus. The cannabis plant is widely regarded as a potent psychoactive, medicinal plant. Reportedly used for recreation and as intoxicant. The medical uses of the plant include effective control and management of chronic health problems such as HIV/AIDs, cancer, cachexia, nausea and vomiting, asthma and hypertension. C. sativa is known to possess antioxidative properties. This study therefore investigated the effects of C. sativa on antioxidant concentrations in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 received distilled water and served as control. Group 2 received C. sativa extract (100 ml/Kg body weight) by gavage and served as low dose group. Group 3 received C. sativa (250 ml/Kg body weight) by gavage and served as high dose group once daily for 28 days. Results: Catalase (CAT) concentration was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the low dose group as compared with control. In the high dose group, CAT concentration was significantly lower (P<0.05) Short Communication Umoren et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 58-65, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61249 59 when compared with the low and control groups respectively. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the low dose group as compared with their respective control. GPx and SOD concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the high dose groups as compared to low dose and control groups respectively. Conclusion: CAT concentration decreased dose-dependently, while GPx and SOD concentrations increased dose-dependently among treated groups. Treatment with C. sativa revealed a paradoxical effect on CAT concentration with respect to GPx and SOD concentrations. Therefore, oral ingestion of ethanolic extract of C. sativa may not have significant effect on the body’s antioxidant stores due to the balance created for CAT deficiency by increased GPx and SOD concentrations.
{"title":"The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cannabis sativa Leaves from Nigeria on the Antioxidants Markers in Albino Wistar Rats","authors":"E. Umoren, I. Wopara, O. G. Adebayo, U. Ezike, A. O. Obembe","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous plant in the Cannabis genus. The cannabis plant is widely regarded as a potent psychoactive, medicinal plant. Reportedly used for recreation and as intoxicant. The medical uses of the plant include effective control and management of chronic health problems such as HIV/AIDs, cancer, cachexia, nausea and vomiting, asthma and hypertension. C. sativa is known to possess antioxidative properties. This study therefore investigated the effects of C. sativa on antioxidant concentrations in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 received distilled water and served as control. Group 2 received C. sativa extract (100 ml/Kg body weight) by gavage and served as low dose group. Group 3 received C. sativa (250 ml/Kg body weight) by gavage and served as high dose group once daily for 28 days. Results: Catalase (CAT) concentration was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the low dose group as compared with control. In the high dose group, CAT concentration was significantly lower (P<0.05) Short Communication Umoren et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 58-65, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61249 59 when compared with the low and control groups respectively. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the low dose group as compared with their respective control. GPx and SOD concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the high dose groups as compared to low dose and control groups respectively. Conclusion: CAT concentration decreased dose-dependently, while GPx and SOD concentrations increased dose-dependently among treated groups. Treatment with C. sativa revealed a paradoxical effect on CAT concentration with respect to GPx and SOD concentrations. Therefore, oral ingestion of ethanolic extract of C. sativa may not have significant effect on the body’s antioxidant stores due to the balance created for CAT deficiency by increased GPx and SOD concentrations.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73997937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930224
A. Sayyed, A. Sontakke
Background: Preeclampsia is multisystem disorder. Despite its prevalence and severity, the pathophysiology of this multisystem disorder is poorly understood. In concern regarding the increasing number of preeclamptic cases and lack of data about the levels of trace elements in preeclampsia, a case-control study was conducted with aim to determine the trace elements like serum total copper and serum total zinc in preeclampsia. Aims: To estimate alterations in serum copper and serum zinc in preeclampsia and to compare them with normal pregnant women. Study Design: This is a case control study, carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, MIMER Medical College, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune. Methods: The present study consisted of 120 study participants. These were divided into two groups. Group I normal pregnant women as control (n=60) and Group II preeclamptic group (n=60). The serum levels of copper and zinc were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) technique at IIT Mumbai. Results: Analysis revealed that mean values of total serum copper and total serum zinc were 196.20 ± 25.9 and 77.15 ± 14.5 (μg/dl) respectively in control group. In preeclamptic group, the mean values of copper and zinc were 213.13± 38.6 and 76.23 ± 13.13 (μg/dl) respectively. Copper Original Research Article Sayyed and Sontakke; IJBCRR, 29(9): 52-57, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61953 53 was significantly increased in preeclamptic group, while non-significant reduction in levels of zinc levels was observed when compared to control group. Conclusion: In the present study, significantly high serum copper was observed in preeclamptic patients. Presence of high copper levels may be related factor in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. Estimation of trace elements like copper and zinc may help clinicians in early diagnosis and minimizing or delaying complications of preeclampsia, hence preventing harm to both mother & fetus.
{"title":"Serum Copper and Serum Zinc in Preeclampsia: Cause or Effect?","authors":"A. Sayyed, A. Sontakke","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930224","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preeclampsia is multisystem disorder. Despite its prevalence and severity, the pathophysiology of this multisystem disorder is poorly understood. In concern regarding the increasing number of preeclamptic cases and lack of data about the levels of trace elements in preeclampsia, a case-control study was conducted with aim to determine the trace elements like serum total copper and serum total zinc in preeclampsia. Aims: To estimate alterations in serum copper and serum zinc in preeclampsia and to compare them with normal pregnant women. Study Design: This is a case control study, carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, MIMER Medical College, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune. Methods: The present study consisted of 120 study participants. These were divided into two groups. Group I normal pregnant women as control (n=60) and Group II preeclamptic group (n=60). The serum levels of copper and zinc were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) technique at IIT Mumbai. Results: Analysis revealed that mean values of total serum copper and total serum zinc were 196.20 ± 25.9 and 77.15 ± 14.5 (μg/dl) respectively in control group. In preeclamptic group, the mean values of copper and zinc were 213.13± 38.6 and 76.23 ± 13.13 (μg/dl) respectively. Copper Original Research Article Sayyed and Sontakke; IJBCRR, 29(9): 52-57, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61953 53 was significantly increased in preeclamptic group, while non-significant reduction in levels of zinc levels was observed when compared to control group. Conclusion: In the present study, significantly high serum copper was observed in preeclamptic patients. Presence of high copper levels may be related factor in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. Estimation of trace elements like copper and zinc may help clinicians in early diagnosis and minimizing or delaying complications of preeclampsia, hence preventing harm to both mother & fetus.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"52-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79332255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930223
J. Achem, Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba, M. T. Akinwole, Jemimah M. Malgwi, Omosola L. Bolarin, O. Olorunsogo
Background: Mitochondrial-mediated cell death begins with opening of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mPT) pore and medicinal plants contain phytochemicals that modulate the mPT pore. Hypothesis and Purpose: We investigated the modulatory effects of crude methanol extract of Daniellia oliveri leaves (CMDO) on mPT pore in vitro. Study Design and Methods: Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of crude methanol extract of Daniellia oliveri leaves (CMDO) were evaluated according to standard procedures. CMDO was partitioned into chloroform fraction (CFDO), ethyl acetate fraction (EFDO) and methanol fraction (MFDO) by Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). Effects of CMDO, CFDO, EFDO and MFDO on mPT pore were assessed by spectrophotometry. Effects of the most potent fraction on mitochondrial Original Research Article Achem et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 40-51, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.62315 41 ATPase, Fe-induced lipid peroxidation and cytochrome c release were assessed by spectrophotometry. CMDO was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify the bioactive compounds present. Results: CMDO contains phytochemicals and showed appreciable total flavonoid content (0.483±0.02 QE mg/100g), total phenolic content (0.886±0.12 GAE mg/100g), total antioxidant capacity (0.039±0.001 AE mg/100 g), ferric antioxidant reducing power (IC50=350 μg/ml) and 2, 2diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50=166 μg/ml). The maximum induction of mPT pore opening in the absence and presence of calcium, respectively, were as follows: CMDO (10.11 folds, 5.18 folds), CFDO (19.9 folds, 16.3 folds), EFDO (7.5 folds, 23.2 folds), MFDO (22.2 folds, 31.3 folds). The most potent mPT pore-opening fraction (MFDO) enhanced mitochondrial ATPase activity, inhibited Fe-induced lipid peroxidation and caused cytochrome c release. GC-MS analysis of CMDO revealed the presence of bioactive compounds including methyl propanamide, Dibutyl phthalate, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Methanol fraction (MFDO) of CMDO most potently induced mPT pore opening via enhancement of mitochondrial ATPase activity, which was substantiated by the release of cytochrome c (in vitro). This includes MFDO as a candidate pharmacologic remedy for diseases associated with insufficient apoptosis.
{"title":"Investigating the Modulatory Effect of Methanol Extract of Daniellia oliveri (ROLFE) Leaves on Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability Transition (MPT) Pore","authors":"J. Achem, Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba, M. T. Akinwole, Jemimah M. Malgwi, Omosola L. Bolarin, O. Olorunsogo","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mitochondrial-mediated cell death begins with opening of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mPT) pore and medicinal plants contain phytochemicals that modulate the mPT pore. Hypothesis and Purpose: We investigated the modulatory effects of crude methanol extract of Daniellia oliveri leaves (CMDO) on mPT pore in vitro. Study Design and Methods: Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of crude methanol extract of Daniellia oliveri leaves (CMDO) were evaluated according to standard procedures. CMDO was partitioned into chloroform fraction (CFDO), ethyl acetate fraction (EFDO) and methanol fraction (MFDO) by Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). Effects of CMDO, CFDO, EFDO and MFDO on mPT pore were assessed by spectrophotometry. Effects of the most potent fraction on mitochondrial Original Research Article Achem et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 40-51, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.62315 41 ATPase, Fe-induced lipid peroxidation and cytochrome c release were assessed by spectrophotometry. CMDO was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify the bioactive compounds present. Results: CMDO contains phytochemicals and showed appreciable total flavonoid content (0.483±0.02 QE mg/100g), total phenolic content (0.886±0.12 GAE mg/100g), total antioxidant capacity (0.039±0.001 AE mg/100 g), ferric antioxidant reducing power (IC50=350 μg/ml) and 2, 2diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50=166 μg/ml). The maximum induction of mPT pore opening in the absence and presence of calcium, respectively, were as follows: CMDO (10.11 folds, 5.18 folds), CFDO (19.9 folds, 16.3 folds), EFDO (7.5 folds, 23.2 folds), MFDO (22.2 folds, 31.3 folds). The most potent mPT pore-opening fraction (MFDO) enhanced mitochondrial ATPase activity, inhibited Fe-induced lipid peroxidation and caused cytochrome c release. GC-MS analysis of CMDO revealed the presence of bioactive compounds including methyl propanamide, Dibutyl phthalate, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Methanol fraction (MFDO) of CMDO most potently induced mPT pore opening via enhancement of mitochondrial ATPase activity, which was substantiated by the release of cytochrome c (in vitro). This includes MFDO as a candidate pharmacologic remedy for diseases associated with insufficient apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79893124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930222
Sarah Tosin Fashagba, B. A. Akinbode, Sherifdeen Olamilekan Babalola
The study was carried out to determine the effect of garlic extract on the proximate composition and microbial activity of cold and hot smoked Clupea harangus (Atlantic herring fish). In the study, fresh atlantic herring was thawed, eviscerated, weighed, washed properly and folded. Garlic extract was prepared at 100 ml, 75 ml, 50 ml and control with no garlic extract, each treatments were prepared in duplicates and in three batches. The folded atlantic herring was dipped into the garlic extract at the different concentration, the first batch of treatments was oven dried for 40°C for 6 hours (cold smoked), the second batch was oven dried for 65°C for 12 hours (cold smoked) and the third batch was oven dried for 75°C for 18 hours (hot smoked). After oven drying, it was allowed to cool for 20 minutes, samples for microbial analysis was immediately taken in a foil paper and stored in the Original Research Article Fashagba et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 32-39, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61352 33 fridge for a month while the remaining sample was immediately used for proximate analysis. At all hours of drying period, the moisture content decreases and protein content increases with increasing concentration of garlic extract, the lipid content was highest at 75 ml garlic extract and the ash content was highest at 50 ml garlic extract. Total bacteria count decreases with increasing concentration of garlic, increasing temperature and increasing hour of drying. No fungi growth was recorded at all hours of drying period.
{"title":"The Effects of Garlic Extract on the Proximate Composition and Microbial Load of Hot and Cold-Smoked Clupea harangus (Atlantic Herring Fish)","authors":"Sarah Tosin Fashagba, B. A. Akinbode, Sherifdeen Olamilekan Babalola","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i930222","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the effect of garlic extract on the proximate composition and microbial activity of cold and hot smoked Clupea harangus (Atlantic herring fish). In the study, fresh atlantic herring was thawed, eviscerated, weighed, washed properly and folded. Garlic extract was prepared at 100 ml, 75 ml, 50 ml and control with no garlic extract, each treatments were prepared in duplicates and in three batches. The folded atlantic herring was dipped into the garlic extract at the different concentration, the first batch of treatments was oven dried for 40°C for 6 hours (cold smoked), the second batch was oven dried for 65°C for 12 hours (cold smoked) and the third batch was oven dried for 75°C for 18 hours (hot smoked). After oven drying, it was allowed to cool for 20 minutes, samples for microbial analysis was immediately taken in a foil paper and stored in the Original Research Article Fashagba et al.; IJBCRR, 29(9): 32-39, 2020; Article no.IJBCRR.61352 33 fridge for a month while the remaining sample was immediately used for proximate analysis. At all hours of drying period, the moisture content decreases and protein content increases with increasing concentration of garlic extract, the lipid content was highest at 75 ml garlic extract and the ash content was highest at 50 ml garlic extract. Total bacteria count decreases with increasing concentration of garlic, increasing temperature and increasing hour of drying. No fungi growth was recorded at all hours of drying period.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"75 4","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72634163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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