Preeclampsia is disorder unique to human pregnancy, defined by the international society of the study of hypertension in pregnancy (ISSHP). It causes significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Measures to predict preeclampsia are very valuable for fetal and maternal health. This review aims to focus on the role of biochemical markers in the prediction of preeclampsia, which may help early detection and improve outcome of pregnancy. It was found that the efficiency and accuracy heavily depended on the timeline of pregnancy, moreover, some biochemical markers are considered more accurate when accompanied with ultrasound scan. Many of these biochemical markers are measured in the first trimester, and the normal ranges in normal pregnant women and preeclamptic women differ majorly, where some are notably increased during the first trimester, opposed to others that are decreased. The results of this review showed the markers that are important in picking up women at risk of developing preeclampsia early from the first trimester.
{"title":"The Role of Biochemical Markers in the Prediction of Preeclampsia","authors":"Renad Marwan Alghifari, Nuwayir Ibrahim Alhusayni, Zahrah Fuad Alyamani, Aliaa Sabban, Yousef Almoghrabi, Khalid Hussein Bakheit","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8833","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia is disorder unique to human pregnancy, defined by the international society of the study of hypertension in pregnancy (ISSHP). It causes significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Measures to predict preeclampsia are very valuable for fetal and maternal health. This review aims to focus on the role of biochemical markers in the prediction of preeclampsia, which may help early detection and improve outcome of pregnancy. It was found that the efficiency and accuracy heavily depended on the timeline of pregnancy, moreover, some biochemical markers are considered more accurate when accompanied with ultrasound scan. Many of these biochemical markers are measured in the first trimester, and the normal ranges in normal pregnant women and preeclamptic women differ majorly, where some are notably increased during the first trimester, opposed to others that are decreased. The results of this review showed the markers that are important in picking up women at risk of developing preeclampsia early from the first trimester.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"66 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8831
None Umarudeen A. M., None Khan F., None Tahir Y., None Modibbo M. R.
Aqueous ethanol extracts of Mucuna pruriens seed (AEMPS), Datura metel leaf (AEDML) and seed (AEDMS), and Tapinanthus globiferus (AETGL) Growing on Azadirachta indica host tree are being evaluated for their anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-parkinsonian, and addictive activities in other studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the liability or otherwise of extracts of the selected medicinal plants for some benzodiazepines-related neurobehavioural toxicities in mice. Actophotometry was used for the evaluation of the locomotory activity related to central nervous system depressant (cns) effect, diazepam-induced sleep potentiation for hypnotic liability, rodent beam (rod)-walking assay for balance and motor co-ordination, and novel object recognition test (NORT) for cognitive deficit evaluation. The results indicate, compared to negative control (distilled water) treatment mean values of 4.69±0.95 % locomotory activity reduction, 430.71±16.80 sec. sleep onset and 168.43±10.56 min. duration, 5.00±0.00 balance/motor co-ordination performance, and 54.41±1.99 novel object recognition, treatments with high oral doses of AETGL and AEMPS (1500 mg/kg each) did not significantly negatively impact these behavioural indices but even enhanced novel object recognition. High oral doses of AEDML and AEDMS (750 mg/kg each), and tramadol (133 mg/kg) caused significant (p<0.05) 42.24±2.64, 27.73±2.17, and 36.74±4.44, mean % locomotory activity reductions, 196.86±10.12, 193.88±15.39, and 189.14±18.31 second mean sleep onsets and 319.71±18.85, 309.57±20.27, and 356.00±26.01 minute mean sleep durations, 1.67±0.42, 1.30±0.40, 1.833±0.48 mean balance/motor co-ordination performances, and 40.49±5.45, 31.33±5.23, 19.37±3.96 mean novel object recognitions, respectively. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) treatment caused 33.71±2.19 mean % locomotory activity reduction, 1.33±0.49 mean balance/motor co-ordination performance, and 29.91±2.81 mean novel object recognitions. Additionally, most mouse groups exposed to tramadol, AEDML, and AEDMS extracts displayed unusual (hallucination-like, predator-like) fearful trepidations when in proximity with the novel objects. These findings indicate AETGL and AEMPS extracts may be devoid of neurobehavioural toxicities but tramadol, diazepam, AEDML and AEDMS extracts may be liable to significant sedative, hypnotic, myo-relaxant, and anti-cognitive effects. These findings justify the traditional uses of Tapinanthus species and Mucuna pruriens extracts for the treatment of memory deficits and related neurological disorders. They also justify the morbid and fatal toxicity risks associated with the use of Datura metel extracts, tramadol, and the benzodiazepines.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Neurobehavioural Toxicity Potential of Aqueous Ethanol Extracts of Leaf/Seed of Datura metel, Mucuna pruriens, and Tapinanthus globiferus Growing on Azadirachta indica Host Tree in Mice","authors":"None Umarudeen A. M., None Khan F., None Tahir Y., None Modibbo M. R.","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8831","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous ethanol extracts of Mucuna pruriens seed (AEMPS), Datura metel leaf (AEDML) and seed (AEDMS), and Tapinanthus globiferus (AETGL) Growing on Azadirachta indica host tree are being evaluated for their anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-parkinsonian, and addictive activities in other studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the liability or otherwise of extracts of the selected medicinal plants for some benzodiazepines-related neurobehavioural toxicities in mice. Actophotometry was used for the evaluation of the locomotory activity related to central nervous system depressant (cns) effect, diazepam-induced sleep potentiation for hypnotic liability, rodent beam (rod)-walking assay for balance and motor co-ordination, and novel object recognition test (NORT) for cognitive deficit evaluation. The results indicate, compared to negative control (distilled water) treatment mean values of 4.69±0.95 % locomotory activity reduction, 430.71±16.80 sec. sleep onset and 168.43±10.56 min. duration, 5.00±0.00 balance/motor co-ordination performance, and 54.41±1.99 novel object recognition, treatments with high oral doses of AETGL and AEMPS (1500 mg/kg each) did not significantly negatively impact these behavioural indices but even enhanced novel object recognition. High oral doses of AEDML and AEDMS (750 mg/kg each), and tramadol (133 mg/kg) caused significant (p<0.05) 42.24±2.64, 27.73±2.17, and 36.74±4.44, mean % locomotory activity reductions, 196.86±10.12, 193.88±15.39, and 189.14±18.31 second mean sleep onsets and 319.71±18.85, 309.57±20.27, and 356.00±26.01 minute mean sleep durations, 1.67±0.42, 1.30±0.40, 1.833±0.48 mean balance/motor co-ordination performances, and 40.49±5.45, 31.33±5.23, 19.37±3.96 mean novel object recognitions, respectively. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) treatment caused 33.71±2.19 mean % locomotory activity reduction, 1.33±0.49 mean balance/motor co-ordination performance, and 29.91±2.81 mean novel object recognitions. Additionally, most mouse groups exposed to tramadol, AEDML, and AEDMS extracts displayed unusual (hallucination-like, predator-like) fearful trepidations when in proximity with the novel objects. These findings indicate AETGL and AEMPS extracts may be devoid of neurobehavioural toxicities but tramadol, diazepam, AEDML and AEDMS extracts may be liable to significant sedative, hypnotic, myo-relaxant, and anti-cognitive effects. These findings justify the traditional uses of Tapinanthus species and Mucuna pruriens extracts for the treatment of memory deficits and related neurological disorders. They also justify the morbid and fatal toxicity risks associated with the use of Datura metel extracts, tramadol, and the benzodiazepines.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8832
None Ihejieto H. A., None Ibegbulem C. O., None Ujowundu C. O., None Ukairo D. I.
Aim: To establish the in vitro antioxidative potentials of juice samples of Annona muricata (soursop) fruit pulp and Allium cepa (onion) bulb.
Study Design: The experimental research design was adopted in this study, but without intervention.
Place and Duration of Study: Springboard Laboratories, Awka, Nigeria, in June 2022.
Methodology: Traditional method of juice preparation was used to prepare the juices of the soursop fruit pulp and onion bulb. The parameters assayed for were; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, total phenol content, total antioxidant capacity, and total flavonoids content using standard laboratory techniques at 100, 200 and 300 mg/ml concentrations of the samples in triplicates. Appropriate standards were set up alongside the tests to compare antioxidant properties of the test sample.
Results: The results showed that Annona muricata pulp and Allium cepa bulb juices, at the concentrations studied, possessed these antioxidant properties studied in varying quantities. It was also observed that values for total antioxidant capacity for soursop juice at 300 mg/ml concentration, and ABTS scavenging activity for onion juice at all concentrations were significantly higher than the reference. The value obtained for DPPH scavenging activity for onion juice at 300 mg/ml concentration and total flavonoids content for onion juice were statistically similar to the reference.
Conclusion: Both juices are natural sources of exogenous antioxidants which can be exploited to benefit humans.
{"title":"Antioxidative Potentials of Annona muricata Pulp and Allium cepa Bulb Juices","authors":"None Ihejieto H. A., None Ibegbulem C. O., None Ujowundu C. O., None Ukairo D. I.","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8832","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To establish the in vitro antioxidative potentials of juice samples of Annona muricata (soursop) fruit pulp and Allium cepa (onion) bulb. 
 Study Design: The experimental research design was adopted in this study, but without intervention. 
 Place and Duration of Study: Springboard Laboratories, Awka, Nigeria, in June 2022. 
 Methodology: Traditional method of juice preparation was used to prepare the juices of the soursop fruit pulp and onion bulb. The parameters assayed for were; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, total phenol content, total antioxidant capacity, and total flavonoids content using standard laboratory techniques at 100, 200 and 300 mg/ml concentrations of the samples in triplicates. Appropriate standards were set up alongside the tests to compare antioxidant properties of the test sample. 
 Results: The results showed that Annona muricata pulp and Allium cepa bulb juices, at the concentrations studied, possessed these antioxidant properties studied in varying quantities. It was also observed that values for total antioxidant capacity for soursop juice at 300 mg/ml concentration, and ABTS scavenging activity for onion juice at all concentrations were significantly higher than the reference. The value obtained for DPPH scavenging activity for onion juice at 300 mg/ml concentration and total flavonoids content for onion juice were statistically similar to the reference. 
 Conclusion: Both juices are natural sources of exogenous antioxidants which can be exploited to benefit humans.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"254-255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8829
None Okwulu O. J., None Ezenyi I. C., None Fidelis S. A., None Okhale S. E., None Ezike A. C.
Background: Terminalia avicennioides stem bark has been used in the management of pain and inflammatory disorders in northern Nigeria. This study evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of T. avicennioides stem bark extract and its fractions. The correlation of these effects to the presence and concentration of phenolics was also ascertained.
Study Design: Experimental Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria. The study was conducted from October to December 2022.
Methods: A 70%v/v ethanol extract of T. avicennioides stem bark was prepared. Aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions (AF, EF) and sub-fractions (EF1 – EF4) were also prepared. The antioxidant capacity of the extract and fractions were determined using DPPH radical scavenging test, while xylene-induced topical ear edema and formalin test were used to assess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. The ethyl acetate sub-fractions were further assessed using the egg albumin–induced inflammation. The extract and fractions were characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and phenolic content was quantified as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg of extract or fraction.
Results: The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed higher antioxidant capacity compared to the parent ethanol extract. T. avicennioides ethanol extract significantly inhibited pain (p<0.001) and inflammatory responses (p<0.05) and these effects were more significant compared to those produced by the fractions. Fractions AF and EF exhibited similar activity, although EF produced better inhibition of pain and topical edema. The subfraction EF2 also showed anti-inflammatory activity but this effect was insignificant (p>0.05). The HPLC profiles of the extract and fractions showed peaks corresponding to caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid. The EF and AF revealed higher peak areas corresponding to gallic acid and rutin respectively. This correlated with a comparatively high gallic acid content and antioxidant effect of the ethyl acetate fraction (GAE: 1.32/mg, IC50 = 0.036 mg/ml), relative to the extract (GAE: 0.88/mg, IC50 = 0.052 mg/ml).
Conclusion: The constituents responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of T. avicennioides extract appear distinct from antioxidative principles in phenolics-rich fractions.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr. Stem Bark Extract is Distinct from the Antioxidant Effect Mediated by Its Phenolic-rich Fraction","authors":"None Okwulu O. J., None Ezenyi I. C., None Fidelis S. A., None Okhale S. E., None Ezike A. C.","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i8829","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Terminalia avicennioides stem bark has been used in the management of pain and inflammatory disorders in northern Nigeria. This study evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of T. avicennioides stem bark extract and its fractions. The correlation of these effects to the presence and concentration of phenolics was also ascertained.
 Study Design: Experimental Design.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria. The study was conducted from October to December 2022.
 Methods: A 70%v/v ethanol extract of T. avicennioides stem bark was prepared. Aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions (AF, EF) and sub-fractions (EF1 – EF4) were also prepared. The antioxidant capacity of the extract and fractions were determined using DPPH radical scavenging test, while xylene-induced topical ear edema and formalin test were used to assess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. The ethyl acetate sub-fractions were further assessed using the egg albumin–induced inflammation. The extract and fractions were characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and phenolic content was quantified as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg of extract or fraction.
 Results: The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed higher antioxidant capacity compared to the parent ethanol extract. T. avicennioides ethanol extract significantly inhibited pain (p<0.001) and inflammatory responses (p<0.05) and these effects were more significant compared to those produced by the fractions. Fractions AF and EF exhibited similar activity, although EF produced better inhibition of pain and topical edema. The subfraction EF2 also showed anti-inflammatory activity but this effect was insignificant (p>0.05). The HPLC profiles of the extract and fractions showed peaks corresponding to caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid. The EF and AF revealed higher peak areas corresponding to gallic acid and rutin respectively. This correlated with a comparatively high gallic acid content and antioxidant effect of the ethyl acetate fraction (GAE: 1.32/mg, IC50 = 0.036 mg/ml), relative to the extract (GAE: 0.88/mg, IC50 = 0.052 mg/ml).
 Conclusion: The constituents responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of T. avicennioides extract appear distinct from antioxidative principles in phenolics-rich fractions.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i7828
None Okwulu O. J., None Lawal I.
Background: Liver and kidney are basic organs in the body because they perform vital functions in the system, the prevention of injury to them is necessary as well as the management of injury on them is vital. P. amarus and S. alata were plants that had been used to protect the liver by traditionalist, but there was no study to evaluate their ameliorative effects on liver and kidney damage and to comparatively identify the one that has more efficacy in managing the organs.
Study Design: Experimental Design
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, between February to April 2023.
Methods: The hydroethanolic (70%) extract of both plants were obtained by maceration. Experimental animals were divided into 8 groups, group I were given distilled water, group II were given acetaminophen (ACP) only, group III-V were given ACP (850mg/kg) before Phyllantus amarus (PAM) 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 900mg/kg respectively while group VI-VIII were given ACP before Senna alata (SA) at same three doses for 14 days. Acetaminophen (850mg/kg) was administered a day after fasting before the extract(s); Gross weighing of the organs was done, and samples for biochemical analysis and organs for histopathological evaluation were collected.
Results: P. amarus at all the doses demonstrated ameliorative effects, reducing the weight of the liver at 300mg/kg and 900mg/kg (P≤.01), decreased significantly (P≥.0001) the elevated level of all the parameters (ALP,AST,ALT,BUN,T.BIL) with no visible lesion in the his picture of the organs. S alata significantly decreased (P≥.0001) the biochemical parameters at 300mg/kg
Conclusion: The result of this study showed that both plants have ameliorative effects but P. amarus has more ameliorative potentials.
{"title":"Evaluation of Ameliorative Effects of Phyllantus amarus and Senna alata in Acetaminophen-induced Hepato-nephro Toxicity in Rats","authors":"None Okwulu O. J., None Lawal I.","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i7828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i7828","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Liver and kidney are basic organs in the body because they perform vital functions in the system, the prevention of injury to them is necessary as well as the management of injury on them is vital. P. amarus and S. alata were plants that had been used to protect the liver by traditionalist, but there was no study to evaluate their ameliorative effects on liver and kidney damage and to comparatively identify the one that has more efficacy in managing the organs.
 Study Design: Experimental Design
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, between February to April 2023.
 Methods: The hydroethanolic (70%) extract of both plants were obtained by maceration. Experimental animals were divided into 8 groups, group I were given distilled water, group II were given acetaminophen (ACP) only, group III-V were given ACP (850mg/kg) before Phyllantus amarus (PAM) 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 900mg/kg respectively while group VI-VIII were given ACP before Senna alata (SA) at same three doses for 14 days. Acetaminophen (850mg/kg) was administered a day after fasting before the extract(s); Gross weighing of the organs was done, and samples for biochemical analysis and organs for histopathological evaluation were collected.
 Results: P. amarus at all the doses demonstrated ameliorative effects, reducing the weight of the liver at 300mg/kg and 900mg/kg (P≤.01), decreased significantly (P≥.0001) the elevated level of all the parameters (ALP,AST,ALT,BUN,T.BIL) with no visible lesion in the his picture of the organs. S alata significantly decreased (P≥.0001) the biochemical parameters at 300mg/kg
 Conclusion: The result of this study showed that both plants have ameliorative effects but P. amarus has more ameliorative potentials.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La Me Research Station for Palm Oil, National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), 01 BP 1740, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire. 2 Training and Research Unit of Biological Sciences, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University, P.O.Box 1328, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire. 3 Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorisation of Biological Ressources, Training and Research Unit of Biosciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire. 4 Department of Public Health, Hydrology and Toxicology, Training and Research Unit of Pharmacological and Biological Sciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, BP 34 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
国家农学研究中心(CNRA)拉梅棕榈油研究站，01 BP 1740，阿比让01,Côte科特迪瓦。2 Peleforo Gon Coulibaly大学生物科学培训和研究中心，科霍戈1328信箱，Côte科特迪瓦。3费利克斯·乌弗埃-博瓦尼大学生物技术、农业和生物资源价值评估实验室，生物科学培训和研究单位，22 BP 582，阿比让22,Côte科特迪瓦。4菲利克斯·乌弗埃-博瓦尼大学公共卫生、水文和毒理学系，药理学和生物科学培训和研究股，BP 34，阿比让，Côte科特迪瓦。
{"title":"Physicochemical Analysis of Palm Kernel Oil Extracts from Traditional Varieties in the West Region of Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"N. Léonce, A. Coulibaly, F. Ibrahim, Sidibé Daouda, K. Désiré, C. Kouamé, B. Marius","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I230252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I230252","url":null,"abstract":"La Me Research Station for Palm Oil, National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), 01 BP 1740, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire. 2 Training and Research Unit of Biological Sciences, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University, P.O.Box 1328, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire. 3 Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorisation of Biological Ressources, Training and Research Unit of Biosciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire. 4 Department of Public Health, Hydrology and Toxicology, Training and Research Unit of Pharmacological and Biological Sciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, BP 34 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"57 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88580518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to establish qualitative as well as quantitative phytochemical profiles and determine the free radical scavenging activity of phytochemical constituents of the entire plant of Achyranthes aspera Linn. The extraction of dried plant material was carried out by cold maceration with methanol followed by partitioning with ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant was carried out by performing various chemical tests. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The result of study revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phytosterols, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, and carbohydrates. Total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity of the extract were found as 209.007 μg GA/mg, 17.59 μg QE/mg, and 25.12% (100 μg/mL), respectively. The study showed that plant could be a source of antioxidant compounds.
{"title":"Study on Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Achyranthes aspera Whole Plant","authors":"N. Manandhar, Kuber Bajgain, A. Neupane","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I230251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I230251","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to establish qualitative as well as quantitative phytochemical profiles and determine the free radical scavenging activity of phytochemical constituents of the entire plant of Achyranthes aspera Linn. The extraction of dried plant material was carried out by cold maceration with methanol followed by partitioning with ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant was carried out by performing various chemical tests. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The result of study revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phytosterols, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, and carbohydrates. Total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity of the extract were found as 209.007 μg GA/mg, 17.59 μg QE/mg, and 25.12% (100 μg/mL), respectively. The study showed that plant could be a source of antioxidant compounds.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81271088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ingestion of arsenic, a known contaminant in drinking water causes cancer at multiple tissues and there is no cure. Consumption of arsenic contaminated water has been implicated metalloid-induced carcinogenesis. Research is therefore directed at chemoprevention using medicinal herbs for the management of arsenicosis. In this study hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata (AM) leaves was assessed against sodium arsenite (SA) induced hepatic injury in albino rats. The animals were pre-treated with either 250 or 500mg/kg body weight of rat before exposure to SA. SA was dissolved in distilled water and administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight on the 7th, 14th and 21st day of the experiment. SA was observed to induce a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP). However, pretreatments of rats with various doses of AM significantly (P<0.005) reduced serum enzyme levels to near normal against SA treated rats. Furthermore, histopathological observations revealed that treatment with AM extract protected the animals from SA induced liver damage. The results indicated that the leaves of Annona muricata possess hepatoprotective activity on SA induced hepatic injury in rats.
{"title":"Ameliorative effect of Ethanol Extract of Annona Muricata Leaves in Sodium Arsenite Induced- Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"Adegboyega A. M., O. O. A., Akinwumi K. A., B. O., A. A.","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I230249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I230249","url":null,"abstract":"Ingestion of arsenic, a known contaminant in drinking water causes cancer at multiple tissues and there is no cure. Consumption of arsenic contaminated water has been implicated metalloid-induced carcinogenesis. Research is therefore directed at chemoprevention using medicinal herbs for the management of arsenicosis. In this study hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata (AM) leaves was assessed against sodium arsenite (SA) induced hepatic injury in albino rats. The animals were pre-treated with either 250 or 500mg/kg body weight of rat before exposure to SA. SA was dissolved in distilled water and administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight on the 7th, 14th and 21st day of the experiment. SA was observed to induce a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP). However, pretreatments of rats with various doses of AM significantly (P<0.005) reduced serum enzyme levels to near normal against SA treated rats. Furthermore, histopathological observations revealed that treatment with AM extract protected the animals from SA induced liver damage. The results indicated that the leaves of Annona muricata possess hepatoprotective activity on SA induced hepatic injury in rats.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"52 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83312429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pericopsis laxiflora (Family Leguminosae) is a medicinal plant that is ubiquitous especially in the tropical and savannah regions. There are many reports on folkloric and traditional medicinal uses that include haemorrhoids, rheumatism, abdominal pain treatment, diarrhoea, and dysentery, fever, skin diseases and jaundice. Peer-reviewed articles were gathered by consulting the databases of Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Phytochemical investigations have revealed many bioactive compounds such as β-carboline derivative and tryptamine derivative. The plant has been examined on the basis of the in vitro, in vivo or clinical evaluations and shown to possess major pharmacological activities. These include antitrypanosomal, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-malarial activities. In the present Mini-review Article Sarfo-Antwi et al.; IJBCRR, 30(2): 1-7, 2021; Article no.IJBCRR.64206 2 review, an attempt has been made to congregate the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological studies performed on Pericopsis laxiflora. Comprehensive safety and efficacy studies must be conducted on the plant. Generally, there are knowledge gaps that must be filled. Thus this review is intended for practitioners and researchers in the fields of ethnopharmacology, natural product chemistry and drug discovery related research.
豆科周参(Pericopsis laxiflora)是一种普遍存在于热带和大草原地区的药用植物。有许多关于民间和传统医学用途的报告，包括痔疮、风湿病、腹痛、腹泻和痢疾、发烧、皮肤病和黄疸的治疗。通过查阅Scopus、Medline、Web of Science、PubMed、Science Direct和Google Scholar等数据库收集同行评议文章。植物化学研究发现了许多具有生物活性的化合物，如β-碳碱衍生物和色胺衍生物。该植物已在体外、体内或临床评价的基础上进行了检验，并显示出主要的药理活性。这些包括抗锥虫、抗微生物、抗菌、抗氧化和抗疟疾活性。在本综述文章Sarfo-Antwi等;生物工程学报，30(2):1-7,2021;文章no.IJBCRR。摘要本文综述了近年来国内外对其植物化学和药理方面的研究进展。必须对该植物进行全面的安全性和有效性研究。一般来说，存在必须填补的知识空白。因此，本文旨在为民族药理学、天然产物化学和药物发现相关研究领域的从业者和研究人员提供参考。
{"title":"Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Pericopsis laxiflora (Baker) Meeuwen (Leguminosae) – A Review","authors":"Frederick Sarfo-Antwi, Christopher Larbie, B. Emikpe, R. Appiah-Opong","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I230248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I230248","url":null,"abstract":"Pericopsis laxiflora (Family Leguminosae) is a medicinal plant that is ubiquitous especially in the tropical and savannah regions. There are many reports on folkloric and traditional medicinal uses that include haemorrhoids, rheumatism, abdominal pain treatment, diarrhoea, and dysentery, fever, skin diseases and jaundice. Peer-reviewed articles were gathered by consulting the databases of Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Phytochemical investigations have revealed many bioactive compounds such as β-carboline derivative and tryptamine derivative. The plant has been examined on the basis of the in vitro, in vivo or clinical evaluations and shown to possess major pharmacological activities. These include antitrypanosomal, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-malarial activities. In the present Mini-review Article Sarfo-Antwi et al.; IJBCRR, 30(2): 1-7, 2021; Article no.IJBCRR.64206 2 review, an attempt has been made to congregate the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological studies performed on Pericopsis laxiflora. Comprehensive safety and efficacy studies must be conducted on the plant. Generally, there are knowledge gaps that must be filled. Thus this review is intended for practitioners and researchers in the fields of ethnopharmacology, natural product chemistry and drug discovery related research.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"55 10 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75985705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) responsible for the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables, has been involved in the undesirable brown discolouration of food products that resulted in negative effects on colour, taste, and nutritional value. This is a generally undesired process and needs to be prevented in food technology. Objective: The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of chemical and thermal treatments on browning inhibition of eggplant fruit (Solanum melongena L.). Original Research Article Constant et al.; IJBCRR, 30(1): 69-78, 2021; Article no.IJBCRR.67828 70 Materials and Methods: A screening of PPOs activities from eggplant was carried out. The physicochemical characteristics and thermal stability of main PPOs activities were determined in order to develop methods of anti-browning. Results: Dopamine oxidase and pyrocatechol oxidase activities were the most active main eggplant fruit PPO activities. Maximal PPO activity was found at 30°C, pH 7.0 for dopamine and 25°C, pH 6.6 for pyrocatechol. The enzymes were stable and retained almost all of their catalytic activity at their optimum temperature (30 and 25°C) for 120 min and their pH stability was in the range of 5.0 7.0. Polyphenol oxidases (dopamine oxidase and pyrocatechol oxidase) remained their full activity in the presence of ion Na + , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ (1 mM) but were inhibited strongly by the ion Fe 2+ and Pb 2+ (5 mM). On the other hand, the ion K + , Ba 2+ and chemical agents, EDTA, citric acid have virtually no effect on dopamine oxidase and pyrocatechol oxidase activities. Energy for inactivation (Ea) obtained using dopamine and pyrocatechol were 30.8 kJ/mol and 7.1 kJ/mol from respective substrates. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid was a better inhibitor where 82.32% of PPOs inhibition was achieved. At 65°C, their D-values ranged from 44.72 to 72.72 min. Hence, heat treatment at 65°C for 30 min reduced browning of eggplant fruit. These data regarding the properties of PPO should enhance understanding of the browning reaction in eggplant and lead to the development of techniques for controlling this undesirable process.
{"title":"Physicochemical Characterization and Effect of Thermal Treatments on the Enzymatic Browning Inhibition of Violet Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Cultivated in Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Yapi Jocelyn Constant, D. Bénédicte, F. Bedel, K. Patrice","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I130247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2021/V30I130247","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) responsible for the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables, has been involved in the undesirable brown discolouration of food products that resulted in negative effects on colour, taste, and nutritional value. This is a generally undesired process and needs to be prevented in food technology. Objective: The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of chemical and thermal treatments on browning inhibition of eggplant fruit (Solanum melongena L.). Original Research Article Constant et al.; IJBCRR, 30(1): 69-78, 2021; Article no.IJBCRR.67828 70 Materials and Methods: A screening of PPOs activities from eggplant was carried out. The physicochemical characteristics and thermal stability of main PPOs activities were determined in order to develop methods of anti-browning. Results: Dopamine oxidase and pyrocatechol oxidase activities were the most active main eggplant fruit PPO activities. Maximal PPO activity was found at 30°C, pH 7.0 for dopamine and 25°C, pH 6.6 for pyrocatechol. The enzymes were stable and retained almost all of their catalytic activity at their optimum temperature (30 and 25°C) for 120 min and their pH stability was in the range of 5.0 7.0. Polyphenol oxidases (dopamine oxidase and pyrocatechol oxidase) remained their full activity in the presence of ion Na + , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ (1 mM) but were inhibited strongly by the ion Fe 2+ and Pb 2+ (5 mM). On the other hand, the ion K + , Ba 2+ and chemical agents, EDTA, citric acid have virtually no effect on dopamine oxidase and pyrocatechol oxidase activities. Energy for inactivation (Ea) obtained using dopamine and pyrocatechol were 30.8 kJ/mol and 7.1 kJ/mol from respective substrates. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid was a better inhibitor where 82.32% of PPOs inhibition was achieved. At 65°C, their D-values ranged from 44.72 to 72.72 min. Hence, heat treatment at 65°C for 30 min reduced browning of eggplant fruit. These data regarding the properties of PPO should enhance understanding of the browning reaction in eggplant and lead to the development of techniques for controlling this undesirable process.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87536670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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