International Journal of Dentistry最新文献

Objectives: The presence of parents during dental treatment in children is a controversial concern in dental practice. This is because of conflicting views and practices regarding the presence of parents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate parental response to their presence/absence during their child's dental treatment and to determine the factors that would influence their decision. Methods: A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was administered to United Arab Emirates (UAE) parents. A total of 240 parents participated in the survey, which contained 15 questions that analyzed the participants' demographic details, dental procedures influencing parental separation, and factors influencing their desire to be present during their child's dental treatment. Results: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests (p  < 0.05). The majority (78%) of the parents chose to stay with their children during dental treatment, with a higher prevalence of female parents. The results showed that more parents opted to be with their children during invasive procedures. Younger parents are more likely to stay with their children during dental treatment. The factors influencing parental presence/absence in the dental treatment room depended on the age and nationality of the parent and the type of dental procedure (p  < 0.05). Conclusions: Dental practitioners must provide parents with sufficient opportunities to be present during their children's dental procedures. The factors influencing parental presence/absence should be considered before deciding whether to include or exclude parents in the dental treatment room.

Background and Objectives: Diffusion of hydroxide (OH)^- and calcium (Ca)⁺⁺ ions through dentin may cease external root resorption. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement are the choices for this purpose due to their optimal properties. This study sought to analyze the effects of ultrasonic activation (UA) on pH and the release of calcium ions from Ca(OH)₂, MTA, and CEM cement in external root resorption artificial defects. Materials and Methods: This in vitro research involved the instrumentation and shaping of the root canals of 150 single-rooted teeth (#F4). External defects were intentionally made on the middle one-third of the root surface. Teeth were randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 10), one positive control group (n = 20), and six experimental groups (each n = 20) according to the root canal filling material (Ca(OH)₂ paste, MTA, CEM, gutta-percha, Ca(OH)₂ paste+ultrasonic, MTA + ultrasonic, and CEM + ultrasonic). Ultrasonic energy was transferred to the test materials using a #25 spreader. Ca⁺⁺ concentration and pH were measured after 1, 7, 15, and 30 days in all groups. Statistical analysis involved the use of repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired-sample T-test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The levels of calcium ions and pH increased significantly over time in all groups (P < 0.001). There were significant differences between the experimental groups in terms of pH and the concentration of released calcium ions at different times (P < 0.001). The Ca(OH)₂ plus ultrasonic energy group ranked first, while the gutta-percha group ranked last in terms of release of calcium ions and pH. Conclusion: The Ca(OH)₂, MTA, and CEM cement groups showed an increase in pH and the release of calcium ions at the external root resorption defects. Additionally, the application of ultrasonic energy increased the release of calcium ions at these sites.

Aims: Edentulous patients can also suffer from sleep bruxism (SB), just like dentate patients. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and severity of SB in edentulous patients using the definitive method. Methods: Twenty-three edentulous patients underwent treatment with new conventional complete dentures. Definitive SB was evaluated using the Bruxoff (portable electromyography device) while sleeping at home. The prevalence of SB was assessed by the Bruxmeter software, where SB was evaluated as "absent" (score zero), "light" (<2 episodes), "moderate" (between 2 and 4 episodes), or "severe" (>4 episodes). The prevalence was expressed with descriptive statistics in percentage using the number of detected cases out of the total number of patients. Results: Eighteen patients (78.26%) were diagnosed with SB. The severity of SB was 55.5%, 5.5%, and 39% for the light, moderate, and severe scores, respectively. Conclusions: Almost 8 out of 10 edentulous patients have SB. Approximately half of the SB-detected patients showed moderate to severe severity of bruxism as measured by a commercial, at-home device.

Introduction: Sufficient information is not available regarding the comparative accuracy of digital and conventional impression techniques at different depths for the fabrication of endocrown restorations. Thus, this study aimed to compare the marginal (M) and internal (I) adaptation of endocrowns at different depths fabricated by the digital and conventional impression techniques. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, two endodontically treated molar teeth with 2- and 4-mm cavity depths were used for the fabrication of endocrowns. Conventional and digital impressions were made from each tooth 17 times. A total of 68 zirconia endocrowns were fabricated and seated, and their I and M adaptation was assessed by the silicone replica technique. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: The M and I gaps at 2- and 4-mm cavity depths were significantly smaller in the digital, than the conventional, impression technique (p  < 0.05). Increasing the cavity depth significantly increased the M and I gaps only in the digital technique (p  < 0.05). The largest gap in all groups was noted in the pulpal (P) region (p  < 0.05). The smallest gap was found in the M and cervical (C) regions in the conventional groups with 2- and 4-mm cavity depths, and the digital group with 4 mm cavity depth, and in the M region in the digital group with 2 mm cavity depth (p  < 0.05). Conclusion: Unlike the conventional impression technique, the M and I adaptation decreased by an increase in cavity depth in the digital technique; nonetheless, the digital impression technique still showed higher M and I adaptation than the conventional technique.

This study aimed to evaluate the level of oral health knowledge among teachers in a city of the Brazilian Amazon region (Belem, Pará) and explore the association between teachers' knowledge and their proposed actions in the event of dental trauma accidents within the school environment. The descriptive cross-sectional study involved 170 elementary teachers from public schools in the Metropolitan Region of Belem, Para State, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire with multiple-choice questions was utilized to assess teachers' oral health knowledge across various domains. The questionnaire comprised seven targeted sections: the first section focused on demographic and professional aspects of the educators, while the remaining six sections addressed the oral health knowledge related to oral health education, dental caries, dental trauma (specifically dental avulsion), periodontal disease, visits to the dentist, and the educator's role in promoting oral health. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and χ ² tests using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS; 20.0 version). Most of the sample were female (92.2%) and around 41-60 years (36.0%). Most teachers had over 5 years of teaching experience (87.0%) and held an undergraduate degree (63.0%). A significant association was found between teaching experience and the choice of storage method for avulsed teeth following dental trauma (p=0.005). However, the teachers examined in this study exhibited inadequate knowledge concerning the appropriate treatment for cavities and the recommended age for a child's first dental appointment. These findings underscore the crucial role teachers play in promoting oral health among students, particularly in regions characterized by social inequality and limited access to basic sanitation and healthcare services.

Objective: This study aims to provide the impact of different endodontic irrigation treatments after post space preparation on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to dentin using self-adhesive cements. Methods and Materials: A total of 180 extracted premolar teeth were selected. The canals were instrumented by and then were filled. After preparing the post space, teeth were divided into 12 groups according to irrigants (normal saline solution; 17% EDTA [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid] + 5.25% NaOCl [sodium hypochlorite]; 17% EDTA; 5.25% NaOCl; and 1.2% chlorhexidine [CHX]) and irrigation technique (conventional syringe irrigation [CSI] and passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI]). After cementation, the samples were sectioned to obtain 1-mm disks from coronal and apical parts, a push-out test was performed using a universal testing machine (Z050, Zwick/Roell, Ulm, Germany) at a speed of 1 mm/min. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The push-out bond strength was higher in coronal segment in comparison to apical segment. The highest push-out bond strength value was related to NaOCl + EDTA using PUI (12.39 ± 1.08). There are significant differences when comparing NaOCl + EDTA group with EDTA group using CSI or PUI technique (p  < 0.05) except in coronal region with CSI technique. In both apical and coronal regions, phosphoric acid irrigation was found to be similar to normal saline solution and CHX groups regardless of activation technique. Conclusion: The push-out bond strength values were significantly affected by the irrigation protocol. Using PUI and 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl in apical region could be an effective irrigant for smear layer removal after post space preparation.

Objectives: This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the histological, clinical, and radiographic outcomes of postextraction ridge preservation by allogenic bone grafting with and without injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF). Materials and Methods: Twenty single-rooted maxillary and mandibular teeth to be extracted and replaced by dental implants were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained preoperatively to assess bone dimensions and ridge width. The teeth were then extracted, and tooth socket preservation was performed with allograft and collagen type 1 in the control group and allograft, collagen type 1, and I-PRF in the intervention group. CBCT scans were obtained again 3 months after the first stage of surgery, and the second stage of surgery was performed for implant placement, ridge width measurement, and obtaining a biopsy sample. Radiographic bone width, clinical bone width, and radiographic bone height were measured. A histomorphometric method was applied to quantify residual graft material, new bone formation, and nonmineralized tissues. The data were analyzed with Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05). Results: The intervention group showed a significantly smaller reduction in radiographic bone width (P=0.038) and clinical bone width (P=0.033), reduction in radiographic bone height (P=0.213) was not significant. A significantly lower percentage of residual graft particles (P=0.021) and a significantly higher mean percentage of newly formed bone (P=0.038) than the control group. However, the difference in the percentage of nonmineralized tissue (P=0.208) was not significant. Conclusion: Despite the optimal outcome of ridge preservation in both groups, the application of allograft plus I-PRF yielded superior histological, clinical, and radiographic results compared with allograft alone, and this difference was significant in most variables.

Objectives: The cervical resorption following intracoronal bleaching necessitates the application of impermeable cervical barriers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two bleaching agents on the compressive strength (CS) and shear bond strength (SBS) of two self-adhesive resins, TheraCem and Vertise Flow, to composite resin restorative material. Materials and Methods: Two hundred sixteen specimens from TheraCem and Vertise Flow were prepared in special molds and treated in three groups: nonbleached (control); sodium perborate-hydrogen peroxide (SP-HP) (sodium perborate +3% hydrogen peroxide); and HP gel (35% hydrogen peroxide gel). The CS of 72 specimens in the three groups was tested using a universal testing machine. For SBS test, 144 specimens from TheraCem and Vertise Flow in the three groups were bonded to Z250 composite using Single Bond Universal adhesive in self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes. SBS was measured using universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for CS and three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for SBS. Results: Vertise Flow showed higher CS than TheraCem (p < 0.001), while none of the bleaching agents deteriorated its CS. HP gel significantly lowered the CS of TheraCem (p = 0.001). Bleaching agents increased the SBS of Vertise Flow while the SBS of TheraCem was not significantly affected. For both resin barriers, SBS was higher in the etch-and-rinse mode (p < 0.05), except in nonbleached Vertise Flow (p = 0.091). Conclusions: HP gel deleteriously affected the CS of only TheraCem during nonvital bleaching. The etch-and-rinse mode was preferred in terms of SBS for resin barriers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of light-curing time and increment thickness on the microhardness and degree of conversion (DC) of bulk fill composite resins with different application systems. Translucency parameter (TP) was also measured. Specimens of resin composites were prepared in a circular matrix using a single increment with different thicknesses (2, 4, and 6 mm) and light-cured with distinct times (10, 20, and 40 s). The materials tested (n = 5 pergroup) were Filtek One (FO) bulk fill, Tetric N-Ceram (TC) bulk fill, SonicFill 3 (SF), VisCalor (VC) bulk. After 24 h, Knoop microhardness (KN) was measured, and the bottom/top ratio (B/T_ratio) was calculated. The DC was measured using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The TP was assessed in additional specimens with 1 mm thick (n = 5). The data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's tests (5%). Significant differences were observed for all factors, for both B/T_ratio and DC (p  < 0.05). The higher increment thickness and the lower curing times resulted in lower B/T_ratio and DC means. The VC and TC resins exhibited the overall higher B/T_ratio, and the highest TP. SF presented the lowest values of B/T_ratio and DC, with compromised polymerization at 6 mm depth. TP (means ± SD) were FO (12.85 ± 1.0)¹, SF (15.62 ± 0.73)², TC (20.32 ± 0.49)³, and VC (20.53 ± 0.73)³. We concluded that the greater the thickness of the increment, the lower the DC. Higher light curing times resulted on increased DC of the tested composites. The higher translucent materials VC and TC showed the greater B/T_ratio; and FO resin exhibited the higher DC values.

Introduction: Oral hygiene education for patients is fundamental in preventive-promotional dentistry. The disinfection of toothbrushes (TBs) must be integrated into this context due to their proximity to contaminant sources that make them vulnerable to cross infection in homes. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of domestic techniques for disinfection of TBs. Materials and Methods: We performed an in vitro study of 76 TBs contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) ATCC 29212 subjected to different disinfection protocols: G1. Distilled water (DW; negative control; n = 8), G2. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)10% (negative control; n = 8), G3. Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% (positive control; n = 15), G4. 100% white vinegar (WV; n = 15), G5. Microwave (MW) at 700 W (n = 15), and G6. 200 mg/mL of certified alcoholic extract of purple garlic (GARLIC) from Arequipa (Allium sativum L; n = 15). Bacterial count was assessed by colony-forming units (CFU/mL) categorized as contamination: low (<30), medium (30-300), and high (>300). The Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc pairs was used at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Efficacy against Ef showed highly significant differences between groups (p < 0.001) with lower median CFU/mL in G3 and G4 (Me = 0 [IQR (interquartile range) = 0]: low) and G5 (Me = 6000 [IQR = 45,000]: low/medium) versus negative controls (Me = 378,500 and 5,020,000 [IQR = 4,605,000 and 6,760,000]: medium/high; p ≤ 0.019). The counts of the G5 were not statistically different than G3, G4, and G6 (p > 0.06). The G6 (Me = 1,510,000 [IQR = 590,000]: medium) was inferior to G3 and G4 (p < 0.001), but similar to both negative control groups (p > 0.999). Conclusions: Disinfection of TBs with CHX, WV, and MWs produces a significant effective reduction in the count of Ef.