International Journal of Dentistry最新文献

Background: Stem cells are introduced to regenerate some living tissue to restore function and longevity. The study aims to isolate in vitro human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and investigate their proliferation rate on plasma-treated aligned and random polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds made via an electrospinning technique to attempt periodontal-like tissue in dental implants. Materials and Methods: hPDLSCs were isolated from extracted human premolars and cultured on plasma-treated or untreated PCL-aligned and random scaffolds to enhance adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells as well as interaction and proliferation. Cell morphology, adhesion, and proliferation rate were evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The wettability of PCL scaffolds was tested using a goniometer. Results: The hydrophilicity of plasma-treated scaffolds was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) in both aligned and random nanofibers compared to the nontreated nanofibrous scaffold. Cells arranged in different directions on the random nanofiber scaffold, while for aligned scaffold nanofibers, the cells were arranged in a pattern that followed the direction of the aligned electrospun nanofibres. The rate of hPDLSC proliferation on an aligned PCL nanofiber scaffold was significantly higher than on a random PCL nanofibrous scaffold with a continuous, well-arranged monolayer of cells, as shown in FESEM. Conclusion: The aligned PCL nanofiber scaffold is superior to random PCL when used as an artificial scaffold for hPDLSC regeneration in PDL tissue engineering applications.

Aim: A workshop on concordance and oral hygiene was held in February 2024. To address the topic, a systematic review aimed at investigating the effectiveness of motivational interventions in improving oral hygiene and focusing on periodontal clinical indices outcomes was designed. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed and Scopus electronic databases to identify relevant articles published up to 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies comparing motivational interventions targeting oral hygiene behaviours, with a focus on periodontal clinical indices. Twelve articles meeting the eligibility criteria were selected for analysis. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed systematically. Results: The synthesis of findings from the selected studies revealed a consistent positive effect of motivational interventions on periodontal clinical indices. These interventions encompassed various strategies, including educational sessions, personalized feedback and motivational interviewing. Improvement in indices such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and periodontal probing depth was observed following motivational interventions, despite the variety of motivational protocols employed. Conclusion: Motivational interventions are effective in enhancing oral hygiene practices and improving periodontal clinical indices. Tailored motivational approaches can serve as valuable tools in promoting oral health behaviours among individuals, potentially reducing the risk of periodontal diseases. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term sustainability and scalability of motivational interventions in diverse populations and settings.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the undergraduates' and lecturers' perspectives on the implementation of online learning and to compare perspectives between private and public universities. Materials and methods: The study followed a mixed-method design and involved dental undergraduates and lecturers from two study settings in Malaysia: International Medical University (IMU), a private university, and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), a public university. All undergraduates and lecturers were invited to complete an online questionnaire with evaluative statements regarding three domains: handling, didactic benefit, motivation, and an overall assessment. The comparison of perception between the private and public universities was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out for undergraduates and lecturers. Each FGD consisted of six people. The audio-recorded conversations were transcribed verbatim. Results: Mean scores of perceptions regarding the domains, handling, and motivation were higher among undergraduates from public universities (p  < 0.05), while there were no differences for the didactic domain. There was no difference in perception of any of the three domains between private and public university lecturers. Mean scores for perceptions on the optimal amount of online learning in the future domains were higher among undergraduates from a public university (p  < 0.05), while lecturers' perceptions showed no difference. Thematic analysis of FGDs revealed that both groups from private and public universities felt that flexibility and a student-centered approach are the advantages of online learning. The inadequacy to cover the entire curriculum and lack of student engagement and interaction were highlighted as limitations. Conclusion: Regardless of the university background, the undergraduates and lecturers were able to adjust to the online learning environment, which mainly reflected a positive perspective on the implementation of online learning. There were modest differences in the perceptions of dental undergraduates between private and public universities, while the perception of the lecturers did not show any difference.

Objective: This case-control study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and IL-1β/IL-10 ratio to discriminate periodontitis from periodontal health and stable from unstable periodontitis. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 135 (healthy on an intact periodontium = 45 [as healthy control], stable periodontitis = 39, and unstable periodontitis = 51) participants, and then clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine salivary levels of IL-1β and IL-10. Area under the curves (AUCs), sensitivity, and specificity of IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-1β/IL-10 were estimated to discriminate between groups. Result: The level of salivary IL-1β was significantly higher in unstable periodontitis than in stable periodontitis and healthy control groups (426 ± 59, 247 ± 55, and 204 ± 36 pg/ml [picograms per milliliter], respectively). While the level of salivary IL-10 was significantly higher in the control group (360.7 ± 80.5 pg/ml) than unstable periodontitis group (146.92 ± 1.8 pg/ml), no significant difference was found between the control and stable periodontitis (317.04 ± 59.8 pg/ml) groups. IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-1β/IL-10 had significant diagnostic accuracy for differentiating healthy control from unstable periodontitis (AUCs = 0.99, 0.96, and 1; sensitivity = 0.98,1, and 1; specificity = 0.95, 0.95, and 1, respectively). Similarly, they showed significant diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing unstable from stable periodontitis (AUCs = 0.98, 0.99, and 1; sensitivity = 0.94, 1, and 1; specificity = 0.94, 0.97, and 1, respectively). Conclusion: Salivary IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-1β/IL-10 have a high potential to discriminate healthy control from periodontitis and stable from unstable periodontitis. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05722613.

It is essential for a dental student about to graduate to possess robust fundamentals in both basic and clinical dental science. There should be a perfect harmony and blend of basic and clinical science integration and application among final year graduating students. They should also demonstrate readiness and competence in performing various clinical skills independently, after correctly interpreting and diagnosing a dental disorder. Besides the clinical aspects of dentistry, the newly graduating dental student should understand the principles of professionalism and ethos. The main aim and objective were to conduct a study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on practice readiness among the fifth-year dental students at Oman Dental College (ODC). A study was conducted to measure self-preparedness among graduating students, especially during the challenging times of the COVID-19 pandemic when education was significantly impacted. This study used a validated Dental Undergraduates Preparedness Assessment Scale (DU-PAS). The DU-PAS consists of 50 items, including 24 items related to clinical skills (part A) and 26 items related to scientific knowledge and affective skills (part B). Each item in part A was scored on a three-point scale ranging from no experience (0), with verbal and/or practical input from a colleague (1), to independently (2). Items in part B of the DU-PAS are scored on a three-point scale: no experience (0), mostly (1), and always (2). The maximum score for the 50 items on the DU-PAS is 100. Interestingly, the current study showed that the ODC final-year students were confident in performing several clinical procedures and had a good understanding of various professional aspects of clinical dentistry. The didactic online classes and preclinical sessions conducted while adhering to social distancing and other safety norms during the COVID-19 pandemic, were positively received by the students.

Introduction: An innovative retention protocol was developed to create a new 3D-printed fixed retainer employing SprintRay OnX nanoceramic hybrid resin. The feasibility and usability of the retainer were subsequently evaluated. Methods: Identification and characterization of SprintRay OnX was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and flexural strength. Load-deflection and pull-out tests were conducted on the 3D-printed straight wires, with three distinct cross-sectional geometries: round (1 mm), oval (1 mm × 1.5 mm) and semielliptical (1 mm × 1.5 mm). Twisted G&H and coaxial Respond stainless steel multistrand retainers were used for comparison. In the load-deflection test, a three-point bending test (3PBT) was employed. For the pull-out test, the retainer wire was inserted into the composite, which was placed in a centrally located hole of an acrylic block; the retainer wire was subjected to a tensile force along its long axis. Results: Characteristic bands close to those of PMMA were observed in the FTIR spectra. SEM-EDX and XRD revealed a crystalline material with homogeneously distributed Yb element signals (19.4%). On FE-SEM micrographs, small clumps were displayed on smooth surfaces. The flexural strength and the flexural modulus were, respectively, 142.48 MPa and 7.842 GPa. All groups of 3D-printed wires exhibited significantly higher load-deflection levels than the multistrand wires (MSWs). Concerning pull-out forces, they fell in between twisted G&H (96 N) and coaxial Respond (48.09 N) retainer wires. The 3D-printed wires fractured cohesively without detachment from the adhesive, suggesting that the chemical bond was adequate for satisfactory wire integration, yet the wire's strength was compromised. Concerning the cross-sectional geometry, the load-deflection and the pull-out forces of 3D-printed oval and semielliptical wires were significantly higher than that of 3D-printed round wires, which was attributed to the larger cross-sections of the wires. Conclusion: Oval and semielliptical 3D-printed wires offered favorable features as lingual retainers.

Objectives: To evaluate the fracture resistance of veneered incisor crowns made from highly translucent zirconia frameworks. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six all-ceramic single crowns were based on either a coping with minimum wall thickness or a cutback framework fabricated from highly translucent zirconia (5Y-PSZ). Each one-third of the specimens was finalized with different veneering ceramics using standardizations and glaze firing. Crowns were luted to cobalt-chromium dies with MDP-containing composite cement. Half of the entire sample underwent artificial aging (chewing simulation and thermocycling) before fracture load tests were conducted using a 6 mm steel sphere applied in a 90° angle to the oral aspect of the crowns with 1.3 mm distance to the incisal edge. Besides descriptive presentation of recorded forces at first damage (F_1d) and fracture (F_u), Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze data at α = 0.05. Results: Directly after manufacturing, incisor crowns of all test groups showed sufficient mean fracture resistances. After artificial aging, crack formation was observed in a high percentage for fully veneered crowns of all test groups, but only for one veneering ceramics with cutback crowns. Mean test forces of unaged crowns were F_1d,mean ≥ 422 N | F_u,mean ≥ 749 N (fully veneered) and F_1d,mean ≥ 644 N | F_u,mean ≥ 706 N (cutback) dropped significantly to F_1d,mean ≥ 131 N | F_u,mean ≥ 223 N (fully veneered) and F_1d,mean ≥ 324 N | F_u,mean ≥ 524 N (cutback) . Conclusions: Within the limitations of this laboratory study, 5Y-PSZ based anterior crowns can be a viable treatment option. Framework design, choice of the veneering ceramics and artificial aging show relevant effects on the fracture resistances. Concerted veneering ceramics should be used and partially veneering of the zirconia frameworks should be favored over full veneers.

Objectives: Dental caries, a prevalent infectious disease affecting teeth, ranks highest among 328 diseases, according to a 2017 Lancet study. In demineralized human dentin, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) functions as a proteoglycanase, contributing to the degradation of proteoglycan components. This process exposes collagen fibrils, thereby facilitating the demineralization of the dentin matrix. Inhibiting MMP3 shows potential for preventing dental caries. Methods: The binding affinity of 20 cinnamic acid derivatives, namely cynarin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, cinnamyl caffeate, phenethyl caffeate, N-p-coumaroyltyramine, caffeic acid 3-glucoside, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, roscovitine, benzyl caffeate, o-coumaric acid, artepillin C, caffeic acid, methyl caffeate, 2-methylcinnamic acid, ferulic acid, drupanin, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and sinapinic acid, to the MMP3 catalytic cleft, was assessed utilizing AutoDock 4.0. Molecular dynamics simulation was then employed to analyze the stability of backbone atoms in free MMP3, MMP3-positive control inhibitor, and MMP3 complexed with the top-ranked cinnamic acid over a 100 ns computer simulation. Results: Four cinnamic acids demonstrated ΔG _binding scores below -10 kcal/mol, with cynarin emerging as the most potent MMP3 inhibitor, featuring a ΔG _binding score and inhibition constant value of -15.57 kcal/mol and 3.83 pM, respectively. The MMP3-cynarin complex exhibited stability after a 50 ns computer simulation, showing a root-mean-square deviation of 8 Å. Conclusions: The inhibition of MMP3 by cynarin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, and cinnamyl caffeate holds promise as a potential preventive strategy for dental caries.

Introduction: Histopathological diagnosis remains the gold standard tool for the diagnosis, yet accurate and detailed clinical descriptions are necessary to facilitate the final diagnosis. Histopathologists believe that clinicians are unaware of how histopathology departments operate, partly because of the less information on requisition forms. The objective of the present study is to assess the concordance of clinical and histological diagnoses of all oral and maxillofacial biopsy samples, along with the completion of the requisition form provided with the biopsy sample. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology. The biopsy request forms of year 2018-2019 were retrieved from the archive of the department and were analyzed for clinicopathological concordance. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using SPSS. Results: Of 338 forms, 243 (71.89%) forms had total concordance between clinical and histopathologic diagnosis; 20 forms (5.92%) had concordance with the histopathological diagnosis, but only after the clinical diagnosis had been refined. Of all the forms analyzed, 36 (10.65%) forms lack habit history in cases suspected of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorder, and 24 (7.10%) cases lack radiographic details. The categories of clinicohistopathological concordance and the different clinical information groups showed a statistically significant relationship. We also found that the sign-out time for histopathological reports depend on the extent of clinical information provided which was statistically significant too. Conclusions: The current study concluded a sufficient level of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnosis. A high completion rate of biopsy forms indicated that the clinicians/operating surgeons perceive the significance of clinical information in histopathological diagnosis. We also recommend, irrespective of the type of suspected oral lesions, submitted for biopsy, a detailed clinical information is the backbone for accurate and timely reporting of the histopathological diagnosis.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic capability of 5th-year students using digital imaging, conventional bitewing (BW) radiographs, and printed film on paper to detect interproximal caries lesions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with senior dental students. Three different radiographs: digital, BW, and printed films on paper were used; thus, nine radiographs, each with a 2-min viewing time, were considered by students along with a questionnaire. A control group of specialists from Prosthodontics and Radiology had finalized the answers prior to conducting the study. The appropriate responses were divided into five categories: R0: Intact surface, R1: Radiolucency in the outer half of enamel, R2: Radiolucency in the inner half of enamel, R3: Radiolucency in the outer half of dentin, and R4: Radiolucency in the inner half of dentin. Students' responses were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and a t-test. Results: Ethics for the study was obtained from the institutional committee (Reg No: BM19/9/8). When compared with the control group using ANOVA testing, the results showed good detection accuracy with a success rate of ~64 accuracy. There was a significant difference in the outcomes when detecting the presence of the caries lesion between the three diagnostic techniques (p  > 0.001). In detecting the size of the carious lesion, the students' ability was recorded as poor. The highest average for detecting the presence of the carious lesion was correspondent to the printed film on paper method. Conclusions: Senior dental students have shown good accuracy in detecting the presence but not the size of interproximal caries on all radiographs viewed. Clinical Significance: Teachings and availability of diverse radiological diagnostic techniques ensured a reasonable level of understanding and use of the diagnostic caries risk assessment methodologies as required in restorative treatment planning.