O. Faloye, E. Ajayi, J. Rostek, T. Babalola, A. Fashina, R. Horn
. Studies which evaluated the aggregation effects in biochar-amended soils by determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity and water repellency, in combination with wetting/ drying scenarios are rare. Therefore, the objective of this study is to link water repellency and water retention in biochar-amended soils to the aggregation effect under different pyrolysis conditions and soil textures. Two feedstock sizes; twig and branch-based mango were pyrolysed at 550°, and were then mixed with sandy loam and silt loam at application rates of; 0, 30, 45 and 60 g kg –1 respectively. Sequentially, the soil-biochar mixtures were subjected to five wetting and drying cycles. In each of the cycles, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and thereafter the contact angles of the soil-biochar mixtures were measured using the sessile drop approach. The results showed that biochar addition decreased the saturated hydraulic conductivity in all cycles. The rigidity effect was more pronounced in soil amended with biochar and produced using twig mango as opposed to the biochar produced using mango branch. A higher rigidity value was measured in the silt loam and sandy loam amended with twig as compared to the branch-based mango which may be attributed to aggregation processes. This also coincides with higher contact angle values and water retention values that were measured using twig as opposed to branch-based mango.
． 通过测定饱和导电性和疏水性来评估生物炭改性土壤中的聚集效应，并结合湿/干情景的研究很少。因此，本研究的目的是将生物炭改性土壤的拒水性和保水性与不同热解条件和土壤质地下的聚集效应联系起来。两种原料尺寸;在550°高温下对嫩枝和枝型芒果进行热解，然后与砂壤土和粉壤土混合，施用量为;分别为0、30、45和60 g kg -1。随后，对土壤-生物炭混合物进行了5个湿润和干燥循环。在每个循环中，使用无根滴法测量土壤-生物炭混合物的饱和水力导率和接触角。结果表明，生物炭的加入降低了各循环的饱和导电性。与使用芒果枝生产的生物炭相比，使用芒果枝进行生物炭改性的土壤的刚性效应更为明显。在粉壤土和砂壤土中测量到的刚性值较高，与枝状芒果相比，这可能归因于聚集过程。这也与用小树枝测量的接触角值和保水值相吻合，而不是用树枝测量的。
{"title":"Water hydraulics, retention and repellency; response to soil texture, biochar pyrolysis conditions and wetting/drying","authors":"O. Faloye, E. Ajayi, J. Rostek, T. Babalola, A. Fashina, R. Horn","doi":"10.31545/intagr/151025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/151025","url":null,"abstract":". Studies which evaluated the aggregation effects in biochar-amended soils by determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity and water repellency, in combination with wetting/ drying scenarios are rare. Therefore, the objective of this study is to link water repellency and water retention in biochar-amended soils to the aggregation effect under different pyrolysis conditions and soil textures. Two feedstock sizes; twig and branch-based mango were pyrolysed at 550°, and were then mixed with sandy loam and silt loam at application rates of; 0, 30, 45 and 60 g kg –1 respectively. Sequentially, the soil-biochar mixtures were subjected to five wetting and drying cycles. In each of the cycles, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and thereafter the contact angles of the soil-biochar mixtures were measured using the sessile drop approach. The results showed that biochar addition decreased the saturated hydraulic conductivity in all cycles. The rigidity effect was more pronounced in soil amended with biochar and produced using twig mango as opposed to the biochar produced using mango branch. A higher rigidity value was measured in the silt loam and sandy loam amended with twig as compared to the branch-based mango which may be attributed to aggregation processes. This also coincides with higher contact angle values and water retention values that were measured using twig as opposed to branch-based mango.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45039922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Both diffusional and non-diffusional limitation factors and their contribution to the phenomenon known as midday depression were studied; a decrease in photosynthesis due to environmental stress. Measurements of leaf gas exchange (tran spiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate) and related parameters (intercellular CO 2 concentration, maximum carboxylation, diffusional limitation index, leaf water potential) were determined over time from cucumber plants under constant environmental conditions. The experiment may be divided into three periods. Period 1 occurred when both photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased, period 2 occurred when photosynthetic rate decreased but stomatal conductance remained constant, period 3 occurred with the decrease in both photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Photosynthetic rate increased immediately, post-illumination, and reached its maxi mum value during period 1, then it decreased to half this value for the remainder of the experiment, indicating that a midday depression had occurred. During period 2, diffusional limitation index was around 50% and then increased while maximum car boxylation sharply decreased, suggesting the existence of both non-diffusional and diffusional limitations. In period 3, stomatal conductance decreased due to decreasing leaf water potential, and diffusional limitation index increased, suggesting that diffu sional limitation was dominant at this stage. Thus, it was found that there are multiple dominant factors in midday depression, and that these factors are dynamic even under constant environmental
{"title":"Contribution of diffusional and non-diffusional limitations to the midday depression of photosynthesis which varies dynamically even under constant environmental conditions","authors":"T. Tanizaki, G. Yokoyama, M. Kitano, D. Yasutake","doi":"10.31545/intagr/151055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/151055","url":null,"abstract":". Both diffusional and non-diffusional limitation factors and their contribution to the phenomenon known as midday depression were studied; a decrease in photosynthesis due to environmental stress. Measurements of leaf gas exchange (tran spiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate) and related parameters (intercellular CO 2 concentration, maximum carboxylation, diffusional limitation index, leaf water potential) were determined over time from cucumber plants under constant environmental conditions. The experiment may be divided into three periods. Period 1 occurred when both photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased, period 2 occurred when photosynthetic rate decreased but stomatal conductance remained constant, period 3 occurred with the decrease in both photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Photosynthetic rate increased immediately, post-illumination, and reached its maxi mum value during period 1, then it decreased to half this value for the remainder of the experiment, indicating that a midday depression had occurred. During period 2, diffusional limitation index was around 50% and then increased while maximum car boxylation sharply decreased, suggesting the existence of both non-diffusional and diffusional limitations. In period 3, stomatal conductance decreased due to decreasing leaf water potential, and diffusional limitation index increased, suggesting that diffu sional limitation was dominant at this stage. Thus, it was found that there are multiple dominant factors in midday depression, and that these factors are dynamic even under constant environmental","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48769027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The paper analyzes two seed extraction methods used by Polish silvicultural seed extractories. The analysis involves cone batches as well as individual cones processed in extraction cabinets. During thermal extraction, the cones were dried (10 h), moistened with water (10 min), and dried again (10 h). During thermomechanical extraction, the cones were dried for a much longer time (40 h), and then crushed in a mechanical unit (20 min). The two examined cases of seed extraction were compared in terms of the size, weight, and moisture content of the cones involved, the steps in the extraction process, as well as the quantity and quality of the obtained seeds. Each of the extractories made use of cones of a different provenance, which differed significantly from each other. In order to compare the different seed extraction methods, the same batch of cones collected from one geographic locality should be used. The results of a process analysis show that the thermal method was superior in terms of energy efficiency and duration. The seeds extracted using the two methods were of the highest quality (class I), which indicates that in both cases the extraction process was conducted appropriately and did not cause the quality of the seeds to deteriorate.
{"title":"Comparison of thermal and thermomechanical methods of seed extraction\u0000from larch cones based on two case studies","authors":"Ewa Tulska, M. Aniszewska","doi":"10.31545/intagr/150734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/150734","url":null,"abstract":". The paper analyzes two seed extraction methods used by Polish silvicultural seed extractories. The analysis involves cone batches as well as individual cones processed in extraction cabinets. During thermal extraction, the cones were dried (10 h), moistened with water (10 min), and dried again (10 h). During thermomechanical extraction, the cones were dried for a much longer time (40 h), and then crushed in a mechanical unit (20 min). The two examined cases of seed extraction were compared in terms of the size, weight, and moisture content of the cones involved, the steps in the extraction process, as well as the quantity and quality of the obtained seeds. Each of the extractories made use of cones of a different provenance, which differed significantly from each other. In order to compare the different seed extraction methods, the same batch of cones collected from one geographic locality should be used. The results of a process analysis show that the thermal method was superior in terms of energy efficiency and duration. The seeds extracted using the two methods were of the highest quality (class I), which indicates that in both cases the extraction process was conducted appropriately and did not cause the quality of the seeds to deteriorate.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46584625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Liebhard, A. Klik, C. Stumpp, A. M. Morales Santos, J. Eitzinger, R. Nolz
. Knowledge of crop water requirements and the effects of management practices on the amounts of water used for crop transpiration and that lost through soil evaporation is essential for efficient agricultural water management. Therefore, this study investigated the temporal evolution of weekly evaporation and transpiration rates under varying soil water conditions in a conventionally managed soybean field by partitioning evap otranspiration based on a water and δ 18 O-stable isotope mass balance. The estimated rates were considered in combination with vertical soil water distribution, atmospheric demand (based on crop evapotranspiration), actual evapotranspiration, and the plant development stage. This allowed for the weekly rates to be compared to the current conditions resulting from dry periods, rain or irrigation events, and the extent of the canopy. The range of weekly transpiration/evapotranspiration, from blossom to maturation, was between 0.60 (±0.11) and 0.82 (±0.10). Within this range, transpiration/evapotranspiration shifted depending on the vertical soil water distribution and meteorological conditions. During dry soil surface periods, evaporation dropped to almost zero, whereas a wet surface layer substantially increased evaporation/evapotran-spiration, even under a closed canopy. Under given conditions, the application of a few intense irrigations before the drying of the soil surface is recommended.
{"title":"Estimation of evaporation and transpiration rates under varying water availability for improving crop management of soybeans using oxygen isotope ratios of pore water","authors":"G. Liebhard, A. Klik, C. Stumpp, A. M. Morales Santos, J. Eitzinger, R. Nolz","doi":"10.31545/intagr/150811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/150811","url":null,"abstract":". Knowledge of crop water requirements and the effects of management practices on the amounts of water used for crop transpiration and that lost through soil evaporation is essential for efficient agricultural water management. Therefore, this study investigated the temporal evolution of weekly evaporation and transpiration rates under varying soil water conditions in a conventionally managed soybean field by partitioning evap otranspiration based on a water and δ 18 O-stable isotope mass balance. The estimated rates were considered in combination with vertical soil water distribution, atmospheric demand (based on crop evapotranspiration), actual evapotranspiration, and the plant development stage. This allowed for the weekly rates to be compared to the current conditions resulting from dry periods, rain or irrigation events, and the extent of the canopy. The range of weekly transpiration/evapotranspiration, from blossom to maturation, was between 0.60 (±0.11) and 0.82 (±0.10). Within this range, transpiration/evapotranspiration shifted depending on the vertical soil water distribution and meteorological conditions. During dry soil surface periods, evaporation dropped to almost zero, whereas a wet surface layer substantially increased evaporation/evapotran-spiration, even under a closed canopy. Under given conditions, the application of a few intense irrigations before the drying of the soil surface is recommended.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46210596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The of this Abstract. In tree fruit crops, the crop load is one factor that has an influence on the vegetative growth of the trees. However, since trees vary in leaf area and associated fruit bearing capacity, the number of fruit per tree alone is not sufficient to predict their vegetative growth. In the present study, it was investigated whether the leaf area to fruit ratio of trees variable in size and crop load, measured automatically with a LiDAR laser scanner, have an influence on growth properties of the annual shoots. Canopy leaf area, the number of fruit per tree and the leaf area to fruit ratio of apple trees from two commercial apple orchards of the cultivar 'Gala' grown on sandy soils were scanned with a LiDAR laser scanner over a two-year period (n=12 trees per orchard and year). Additionally, the amount of carbon partitioned to fruit and annual shoot growth was quantified for each tree in both years (n=36). No correlation between the number of fruit per tree and the canopy leaf area alone to the amount of carbon partitioned to annual shoot growth was found in both orchards. However, the carbon partitioned to fruit correlated to the leaf area to fruit ratio, while the amount of carbon partitioned to the annual shoot growth was only correlated to the leaf area to fruit ratio in the young orchard. The inter-tree variability in shoot properties has been described. Nevertheless, it was found that the leaf area to fruit ratio is a weak indicator for shoot properties in apple trees, especially in the mature orchards.
{"title":"Annual shoot growth on apple trees with variable canopy leaf area and crop load in response to LiDAR scanned leaf area to fruit ratio","authors":"M. Penzel, Nikos Tsoulias","doi":"10.31545/intagr/150761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/150761","url":null,"abstract":"The of this Abstract. In tree fruit crops, the crop load is one factor that has an influence on the vegetative growth of the trees. However, since trees vary in leaf area and associated fruit bearing capacity, the number of fruit per tree alone is not sufficient to predict their vegetative growth. In the present study, it was investigated whether the leaf area to fruit ratio of trees variable in size and crop load, measured automatically with a LiDAR laser scanner, have an influence on growth properties of the annual shoots. Canopy leaf area, the number of fruit per tree and the leaf area to fruit ratio of apple trees from two commercial apple orchards of the cultivar 'Gala' grown on sandy soils were scanned with a LiDAR laser scanner over a two-year period (n=12 trees per orchard and year). Additionally, the amount of carbon partitioned to fruit and annual shoot growth was quantified for each tree in both years (n=36). No correlation between the number of fruit per tree and the canopy leaf area alone to the amount of carbon partitioned to annual shoot growth was found in both orchards. However, the carbon partitioned to fruit correlated to the leaf area to fruit ratio, while the amount of carbon partitioned to the annual shoot growth was only correlated to the leaf area to fruit ratio in the young orchard. The inter-tree variability in shoot properties has been described. Nevertheless, it was found that the leaf area to fruit ratio is a weak indicator for shoot properties in apple trees, especially in the mature orchards.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43682447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing He, Yanzheng Liu, Tianze Wang, Weijie Chen, Bin Liu, Yunpeng Zhou, Yunkai Li
. Improving crop yield and quality, as well as water and fertilizer use efficiency in a synergetic manner is a substan tial challenge. It involves limits to the sustainable development of protected agriculture. Here, we propose a new irrigation method using nanobubble water through subsurface drip irrigation to improve the agricultural performance of crops. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nanobubble water on growth, yield, quality, irrigation water use efficiency, and the nitrogen partial productivity of greenhouse watermelon and muskmelon. The results showed that in nanobubble water conditions, reducing the amount of irrigation or fertilization by 20% had no negative impacts on the tested crops, instead there were increases in the yield, quality, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of the two crops. When irrigation and fertilization were both decreased by 20%, the irrigation water use efficiency was improved by 82.6 and 70.2%, the nitrogen partial productiv ity increased by 68.9 and 30.4%, vitamin C increased by 50.1 and 66.7% which was significant. This may be because nanobubble water reduced the redundant growth of crops, and promoted the bal ance between individual development and production. Moreover, nanobubble water finally achieved increased economic benefits by reducing the input of irrigation and fertilization. Therefore, we suggest that 80% irrigation and 80% fertilization with nanobubble water could be adopted for Cucurbitaceae in greenhouse condi tions. This method also has reference significance for reducing agricultural water input.
{"title":"Effects of nanobubble in subsurface drip irrigation on the yield, quality, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of watermelon and muskmelon","authors":"Jing He, Yanzheng Liu, Tianze Wang, Weijie Chen, Bin Liu, Yunpeng Zhou, Yunkai Li","doi":"10.31545/intagr/150413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/150413","url":null,"abstract":". Improving crop yield and quality, as well as water and fertilizer use efficiency in a synergetic manner is a substan tial challenge. It involves limits to the sustainable development of protected agriculture. Here, we propose a new irrigation method using nanobubble water through subsurface drip irrigation to improve the agricultural performance of crops. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nanobubble water on growth, yield, quality, irrigation water use efficiency, and the nitrogen partial productivity of greenhouse watermelon and muskmelon. The results showed that in nanobubble water conditions, reducing the amount of irrigation or fertilization by 20% had no negative impacts on the tested crops, instead there were increases in the yield, quality, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of the two crops. When irrigation and fertilization were both decreased by 20%, the irrigation water use efficiency was improved by 82.6 and 70.2%, the nitrogen partial productiv ity increased by 68.9 and 30.4%, vitamin C increased by 50.1 and 66.7% which was significant. This may be because nanobubble water reduced the redundant growth of crops, and promoted the bal ance between individual development and production. Moreover, nanobubble water finally achieved increased economic benefits by reducing the input of irrigation and fertilization. Therefore, we suggest that 80% irrigation and 80% fertilization with nanobubble water could be adopted for Cucurbitaceae in greenhouse condi tions. This method also has reference significance for reducing agricultural water input.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlito Dos Santos Junior, Mariana Da Silva, P. D. dos Santos, R. Rocha, Marco De Freitas, Anderson Francisco da Silva
. Pre-emergent herbicides can have negative effects on maize seeds. The objective of this study was to model seed soaking curves through the processing of red-green-blue imagery of maize seeds under the influence of concentrations of s -metol-achlor + atrazine on both the soaking kinetics and primary root emission. Seeds were placed to soak for 114 h in Petri dishes containing aqueous solutions of a herbicide containing s -metolachlor (290 g l -1 ) + atrazine (370 g l -1 ) with the following concentrations: 0% (water only), 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50%, based on the recommended dose (4.0 l of the commercial product per hectare). The images were systematically taken from a flatbed scanner with artificial light control. The red excess index was adapted to improve image segmentation. From the binary masks applied, the soaking curves for each herbicide concentration were obtained using estimates of seed intumescence over time. The soaking curves were described by fitting Peleg’s model. The herbicide concentration has signifi cant effects on both the absorption rate and primary root emission; the absorption rate was reduced by 50%. A concentration of s -metolachlor (290 g l –1 ) + atrazine (370 g l –1 ) in aqueous solution that is above 20% can fully inhibit seed germination.
.紧急使用前的除草剂会对玉米种子产生负面影响。本研究的目的是通过处理玉米种子的红-绿-蓝图像，在s-metol achlor+阿特拉津浓度对浸泡动力学和一次根系排放的影响下，对种子浸泡曲线进行建模。将种子放入培养皿中浸泡114小时，培养皿中含有除草剂的水溶液，该除草剂含有s-甲草胺（290 g l-1）+阿特拉津（370 g l-2），浓度如下：0%（仅水）、2%、5%、10%、20%和50%，基于推荐剂量（每公顷4.0 l商业产品）。这些图像是从带有人造光控制的平板扫描仪上系统地拍摄的。采用红色过量指数来改进图像分割。从应用的二元掩模中，使用种子随时间膨胀的估计值获得了每种除草剂浓度的浸泡曲线。通过拟合Peleg模型描述了均热曲线。除草剂浓度对吸收速率和一次根排放都有显著影响；吸收率降低了50%。s-异丙草胺（290 g l–1）+阿特拉津（370 g l–2）在水溶液中的浓度高于20%可以完全抑制种子发芽。
{"title":"Image-based modelling of the effect of s-metolachlor plus atrazine on the soaking kinetics of maize seeds","authors":"Carlito Dos Santos Junior, Mariana Da Silva, P. D. dos Santos, R. Rocha, Marco De Freitas, Anderson Francisco da Silva","doi":"10.31545/intagr/150341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/150341","url":null,"abstract":". Pre-emergent herbicides can have negative effects on maize seeds. The objective of this study was to model seed soaking curves through the processing of red-green-blue imagery of maize seeds under the influence of concentrations of s -metol-achlor + atrazine on both the soaking kinetics and primary root emission. Seeds were placed to soak for 114 h in Petri dishes containing aqueous solutions of a herbicide containing s -metolachlor (290 g l -1 ) + atrazine (370 g l -1 ) with the following concentrations: 0% (water only), 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50%, based on the recommended dose (4.0 l of the commercial product per hectare). The images were systematically taken from a flatbed scanner with artificial light control. The red excess index was adapted to improve image segmentation. From the binary masks applied, the soaking curves for each herbicide concentration were obtained using estimates of seed intumescence over time. The soaking curves were described by fitting Peleg’s model. The herbicide concentration has signifi cant effects on both the absorption rate and primary root emission; the absorption rate was reduced by 50%. A concentration of s -metolachlor (290 g l –1 ) + atrazine (370 g l –1 ) in aqueous solution that is above 20% can fully inhibit seed germination.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Rousta, Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam, H. Ólafsson, J. Krzyszczak, P. Baranowski, Hao Zhang, P. Tkaczyk
. This study used NDVI, ET, and LST satellite images collected by moderate resolution imaging spectroradiom eter and tropical rainfall measuring mission sensors to investigate seasonal and yearly vegetation dynamics, and also the influence of climatological factors on it, in the area of the Caspian Sea Watersheds for 2001-2019. The relationships have been assessed using regression analysis and by calculating the anomalies. The results showed that in the winter there is a positive significant cor relation between NDVI and ET, and also LST (R = 0.46 and 0.55, p-value = 0.05, respectively). In this season, the impact of pre cipitation on vegetation coverage should not be significant when LST is low, as was observed in the analysed case. In spring, the correlation between NDVI and ET and precipitation is positive and significant (R = 0.86 and 0.55, p-value = 0.05). In this season, the main factor controlling vegetation dynamics is precipitation, and LST's impact on vegetation coverage may be omitted when precipitation is much higher than usual. In the summer, the correla tion between NDVI and ET is positive and significant (R = 0.70, p-value = 0.05), while the correlation between NDVI and LST is negative and significant (R = –0.45, p-value = 0.05). In this sea son, the main factor that controls vegetation coverage is LST. In the summer season, when precipitation is much higher than aver age, the impact of LST on vegetation growth is more pronounced. Also, higher than usual precipitation in the autumn is the reason for extended vegetation coverage in this season, which is mainly due to increased soil moisture. vegetation dynamics and climatological factors in the ( The relationship
{"title":"Analysis of the recent trends in vegetation dynamics and its relationship with climatological factors using remote sensing data for Caspian Sea watersheds in Iran","authors":"I. Rousta, Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam, H. Ólafsson, J. Krzyszczak, P. Baranowski, Hao Zhang, P. Tkaczyk","doi":"10.31545/intagr/150020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/150020","url":null,"abstract":". This study used NDVI, ET, and LST satellite images collected by moderate resolution imaging spectroradiom eter and tropical rainfall measuring mission sensors to investigate seasonal and yearly vegetation dynamics, and also the influence of climatological factors on it, in the area of the Caspian Sea Watersheds for 2001-2019. The relationships have been assessed using regression analysis and by calculating the anomalies. The results showed that in the winter there is a positive significant cor relation between NDVI and ET, and also LST (R = 0.46 and 0.55, p-value = 0.05, respectively). In this season, the impact of pre cipitation on vegetation coverage should not be significant when LST is low, as was observed in the analysed case. In spring, the correlation between NDVI and ET and precipitation is positive and significant (R = 0.86 and 0.55, p-value = 0.05). In this season, the main factor controlling vegetation dynamics is precipitation, and LST's impact on vegetation coverage may be omitted when precipitation is much higher than usual. In the summer, the correla tion between NDVI and ET is positive and significant (R = 0.70, p-value = 0.05), while the correlation between NDVI and LST is negative and significant (R = –0.45, p-value = 0.05). In this sea son, the main factor that controls vegetation coverage is LST. In the summer season, when precipitation is much higher than aver age, the impact of LST on vegetation growth is more pronounced. Also, higher than usual precipitation in the autumn is the reason for extended vegetation coverage in this season, which is mainly due to increased soil moisture. vegetation dynamics and climatological factors in the ( The relationship","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45597556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Wolny-Koładka, R. Jarosz, Lidia Marcińska-Mazur, T. Lošák, M. Mierzwa-Hersztek
. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different mineral-organic mixtures on changes in soil microbial composition and chemical properties. The design of the pot exper iment included 6 treatments: soil without fertilization – C, soil fertilized with mineral NPK fertilizers – MF, soil with NPK + 3 or 6% lignite and 3% zeolite-vermiculite composite (MF+CW3%, MF+CW6%), soil with NPK + 3 or 6% leonardite and 3% zeolite-vermiculite composite (MF+CL3%, MF+CL6%). The test plants were spring oilseed rape and spring wheat. The highest number of microorganisms was observed: for oilseed rape – in the soil of the MF+CW3% and MF+CW6% treatments, and for wheat – in the soil of the MF+CL3% and MF+CL6% treatments. The maximum percentage increase in the number of analysed micro organisms, for spring rape and spring wheat, respectively, was: bacteria 190% (MF+CW3%) and 1198% (MF+CL3%), mould fungi 221% (MF+CW3%) and 1601% (MF+CL3%), Azotobacter spp. 248% (MF+CW6%) and 251% (MF+CL3%), actinomycet es 116% (MF+CW3%) and 251% (MF+CL3%). The beneficial effect of the applied mineral-organic mixtures on soil biological activity is closely related to the effect of these materials on soil chemical properties, such as pH or electrical conductivity, which was confirmed by the calculated correlation coefficients.
{"title":"Effect of mineral and organic additions on soil microbial composition","authors":"K. Wolny-Koładka, R. Jarosz, Lidia Marcińska-Mazur, T. Lošák, M. Mierzwa-Hersztek","doi":"10.31545/intagr/148101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/148101","url":null,"abstract":". The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different mineral-organic mixtures on changes in soil microbial composition and chemical properties. The design of the pot exper iment included 6 treatments: soil without fertilization – C, soil fertilized with mineral NPK fertilizers – MF, soil with NPK + 3 or 6% lignite and 3% zeolite-vermiculite composite (MF+CW3%, MF+CW6%), soil with NPK + 3 or 6% leonardite and 3% zeolite-vermiculite composite (MF+CL3%, MF+CL6%). The test plants were spring oilseed rape and spring wheat. The highest number of microorganisms was observed: for oilseed rape – in the soil of the MF+CW3% and MF+CW6% treatments, and for wheat – in the soil of the MF+CL3% and MF+CL6% treatments. The maximum percentage increase in the number of analysed micro organisms, for spring rape and spring wheat, respectively, was: bacteria 190% (MF+CW3%) and 1198% (MF+CL3%), mould fungi 221% (MF+CW3%) and 1601% (MF+CL3%), Azotobacter spp. 248% (MF+CW6%) and 251% (MF+CL3%), actinomycet es 116% (MF+CW3%) and 251% (MF+CL3%). The beneficial effect of the applied mineral-organic mixtures on soil biological activity is closely related to the effect of these materials on soil chemical properties, such as pH or electrical conductivity, which was confirmed by the calculated correlation coefficients.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46119376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pekel, Abdurrahman Kızıl, A. Çalık, E. Kuter, U. Ahsan, M. Alatas, O. Kahraman
. The objective of this report was to classify ingredients based on their flowability. Twenty-six different feed ingredients (52 samples) were used including cereal grains, cereal by-products, oilseeds, oilseed meals, and animal-origin products. As an indication of flowability, the angle of repose was determined using a funnel test. In general, high protein oilseed meals had the lowest angle of repose, and therefore they had the highest flow ability with the exception of cottonseed meal. Corn gluten feed and wheat middlings had the highest angle of repose values (39 and 34°, respectively), and therefore they had the lowest flowabil ity. Ingredients with a range of angle of repose values between 22 and 25°, between 27 and 30°, and more than 30°, were categorized as having an easy flow, a moderate flow, and cohesive, respective -ly. The greater the protein content, the smaller the compressibility value ( r = –0.38) and the lower the angle of repose ( r = –0.42). An increase in the ether extract content of the ingredients resulted in a subsequent increase in angle of repose ( r = 0.31) and therefore a decrease in flowability (p<0.05). The angle of repose was positively correlated with compressibility and the Hausner ratio. In conclusion, oilseed meals were classified as “easy flow”, most by-products as “moderate flow”, and cereal grains as “cohesive”.
{"title":"Classification of commonly used feed ingredients based on flow properties","authors":"A. Pekel, Abdurrahman Kızıl, A. Çalık, E. Kuter, U. Ahsan, M. Alatas, O. Kahraman","doi":"10.31545/intagr/149295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/149295","url":null,"abstract":". The objective of this report was to classify ingredients based on their flowability. Twenty-six different feed ingredients (52 samples) were used including cereal grains, cereal by-products, oilseeds, oilseed meals, and animal-origin products. As an indication of flowability, the angle of repose was determined using a funnel test. In general, high protein oilseed meals had the lowest angle of repose, and therefore they had the highest flow ability with the exception of cottonseed meal. Corn gluten feed and wheat middlings had the highest angle of repose values (39 and 34°, respectively), and therefore they had the lowest flowabil ity. Ingredients with a range of angle of repose values between 22 and 25°, between 27 and 30°, and more than 30°, were categorized as having an easy flow, a moderate flow, and cohesive, respective -ly. The greater the protein content, the smaller the compressibility value ( r = –0.38) and the lower the angle of repose ( r = –0.42). An increase in the ether extract content of the ingredients resulted in a subsequent increase in angle of repose ( r = 0.31) and therefore a decrease in flowability (p<0.05). The angle of repose was positively correlated with compressibility and the Hausner ratio. In conclusion, oilseed meals were classified as “easy flow”, most by-products as “moderate flow”, and cereal grains as “cohesive”.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43104011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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