. The paper presents the research results of the response of “Ramos” potatoes under impact loading conditions. The parameters characterizing the impact such as: maximum stress, maximum force, impact time, maximum deformation, permanent deformation and restitution coefficient were determined. The extent of the damage was also assessed on the basis of the parameters describing the particular bruise such as: bruise depth and width. The impact parameters were related to the bruise size in order to determine the damage threshold for the potatoes under impact loading conditions and to show which parameters describe the bruise beginning to manifest itself. For the tested potato cultivar with a weight of 160-190 g the initiation of the bruise was found to occur at an impact velocity of 1 m s -1 . This corresponded to a bruise threshold (drop height) of 50 mm. The restitution coefficient changed to an insignificant extent which amounted to 0.44-0.49 in the tested range of the impact velocity which proves that the energy losses during the potato impact are constant and independent of the impact velocity. The maximum stress increased with increasing impact velocity, reaching a constant value of 0.9 MPa for the highest impact velocities. The stabilization of the maximum stress indicates that the damage to the potato tissue was determined by exceeding the specified stress value.
{"title":"Studies concerning the response of potatoes to impact","authors":"Z. Stropek, K. Gołacki","doi":"10.31545/intagr/148097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/148097","url":null,"abstract":". The paper presents the research results of the response of “Ramos” potatoes under impact loading conditions. The parameters characterizing the impact such as: maximum stress, maximum force, impact time, maximum deformation, permanent deformation and restitution coefficient were determined. The extent of the damage was also assessed on the basis of the parameters describing the particular bruise such as: bruise depth and width. The impact parameters were related to the bruise size in order to determine the damage threshold for the potatoes under impact loading conditions and to show which parameters describe the bruise beginning to manifest itself. For the tested potato cultivar with a weight of 160-190 g the initiation of the bruise was found to occur at an impact velocity of 1 m s -1 . This corresponded to a bruise threshold (drop height) of 50 mm. The restitution coefficient changed to an insignificant extent which amounted to 0.44-0.49 in the tested range of the impact velocity which proves that the energy losses during the potato impact are constant and independent of the impact velocity. The maximum stress increased with increasing impact velocity, reaching a constant value of 0.9 MPa for the highest impact velocities. The stabilization of the maximum stress indicates that the damage to the potato tissue was determined by exceeding the specified stress value.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43164076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cuiting Dai, Yaojun Liu, Tianwei Wang, Zhaoxia Li, Yiwen Zhou, J. Deng
. Entisols are widely distributed in the hilly areas of southern China. They are affected by serious soil erosion and extensive agricultural activities, the structural and hydraulic properties of particular Entisols may differ. Characterizing soil structure and hydraulic properties is important with regard to the development of an understanding of the hydrology and ecosystem functions of shallow Entisols. X-ray computed tomography was used to characterize and quantify the soil pore structure under four typical land use types (cropland, grassland, tea orchard and forest land) from a hilly landscape in South China and the hydraulic properties of the soil including its saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention curve were measured. The results showed that the soils under the grassland retained 14 and 21% more water at saturation than those under the cropland and tea orchard, respec-tively. The Entisol in the forest land had a significantly larger macroporosity (0.214 mm 3 mm –3 ) compared with that in the cropland (0.117 mm 3 mm –3 ) and tea orchard (0.131 mm 3 mm –3 ). The contribution of pores with a diameter >4 mm as compared to the total computed tomography derived porosity was 62.4% in the forest land, while this size class contributed 69 and 47.3% to the total porosity in the tea orchard and grassland, respectively. The saturated hydraulic conductivity value was well correlated with the degree of anisotropy and the fractal dimension.
Entisol广泛分布于中国南方丘陵地区。它们受到严重的土壤侵蚀和广泛的农业活动的影响，特定Entisol的结构和水力特性可能不同。表征土壤结构和水力特性对于理解浅层土壤的水文和生态系统功能非常重要。利用X射线计算机断层扫描技术对我国南方丘陵区四种典型土地利用类型（农田、草地、茶园和林地）下的土壤孔隙结构进行了表征和量化，并测量了土壤的水力特性，包括饱和导水率和保水曲线。结果表明，草地土壤饱和保水率分别比农田和茶园高14%和21%。与农田（0.117 mm 3 mm–3）和茶园（0.131 mm 3 mm-3）相比，林地中的Entisol具有更大的大孔隙（0.214 mm 3 mm-3）。与计算机断层扫描得出的总孔隙度相比，直径>4mm的孔隙在林地中的贡献率为62.4%，而这一尺寸类别在茶园和草地中分别占总孔隙度的69%和47.3%。饱和导水率值与各向异性程度和分形维数有很好的相关性。
{"title":"Quantifying the structural characteristics and hydraulic properties of shallow Entisol in a hilly landscape","authors":"Cuiting Dai, Yaojun Liu, Tianwei Wang, Zhaoxia Li, Yiwen Zhou, J. Deng","doi":"10.31545/intagr/148029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/148029","url":null,"abstract":". Entisols are widely distributed in the hilly areas of southern China. They are affected by serious soil erosion and extensive agricultural activities, the structural and hydraulic properties of particular Entisols may differ. Characterizing soil structure and hydraulic properties is important with regard to the development of an understanding of the hydrology and ecosystem functions of shallow Entisols. X-ray computed tomography was used to characterize and quantify the soil pore structure under four typical land use types (cropland, grassland, tea orchard and forest land) from a hilly landscape in South China and the hydraulic properties of the soil including its saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention curve were measured. The results showed that the soils under the grassland retained 14 and 21% more water at saturation than those under the cropland and tea orchard, respec-tively. The Entisol in the forest land had a significantly larger macroporosity (0.214 mm 3 mm –3 ) compared with that in the cropland (0.117 mm 3 mm –3 ) and tea orchard (0.131 mm 3 mm –3 ). The contribution of pores with a diameter >4 mm as compared to the total computed tomography derived porosity was 62.4% in the forest land, while this size class contributed 69 and 47.3% to the total porosity in the tea orchard and grassland, respectively. The saturated hydraulic conductivity value was well correlated with the degree of anisotropy and the fractal dimension.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46628367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fariba Alimohammadi, M. Rasekh, Amir Hossein Afkari Sayyah, Y. Abbaspour‐Gilandeh, H. Karami, Vali Rasooli Sharabiani, Ambra Fioravanti, M. Gancarz, P. Findura, D. Kwaśniewski
. Maize ( Zea mays ) is one of the key crops in the world, taking third place after wheat and rice in terms of cultivated area. This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of non-destructive hyperspectral imaging in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm to discriminate between and classify maize kernels in three cultivars by using non-destructive hyperspectral imaging in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. Three cultivars of maize kernels were exposed to hyperspectral imaging with 20 rep -lications. Predictor variables included 28 intensities of reflection wave for spectral imaging and 4 variables in terms of the weight, length, width, and thickness of a single kernel. The classification was successfully performed through Linear Discriminant Analysis and Artificial Neural Network methods, taking into account 32, 15, and 5 predictor variables. According to the results, Linear Discriminant Analysis with 32 predictor variables is characterized by a high degree of accuracy (95%). The most important predictor variables included the reflection wave intensity of the third peak, the wavelength intensity of 490 nm, the wavelength intensity of 580 nm, and the weight and thickness of a single kernel.
{"title":"Hyperspectral imaging coupled with multivariate analysis and artificial intelligence\u0000to the classification of maize kernels","authors":"Fariba Alimohammadi, M. Rasekh, Amir Hossein Afkari Sayyah, Y. Abbaspour‐Gilandeh, H. Karami, Vali Rasooli Sharabiani, Ambra Fioravanti, M. Gancarz, P. Findura, D. Kwaśniewski","doi":"10.31545/intagr/147227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/147227","url":null,"abstract":". Maize ( Zea mays ) is one of the key crops in the world, taking third place after wheat and rice in terms of cultivated area. This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of non-destructive hyperspectral imaging in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm to discriminate between and classify maize kernels in three cultivars by using non-destructive hyperspectral imaging in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. Three cultivars of maize kernels were exposed to hyperspectral imaging with 20 rep -lications. Predictor variables included 28 intensities of reflection wave for spectral imaging and 4 variables in terms of the weight, length, width, and thickness of a single kernel. The classification was successfully performed through Linear Discriminant Analysis and Artificial Neural Network methods, taking into account 32, 15, and 5 predictor variables. According to the results, Linear Discriminant Analysis with 32 predictor variables is characterized by a high degree of accuracy (95%). The most important predictor variables included the reflection wave intensity of the third peak, the wavelength intensity of 490 nm, the wavelength intensity of 580 nm, and the weight and thickness of a single kernel.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43213037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Jaques, P. Coradi, H. Rodrigues, Í. Dubal, Claudir Padia, Roney Lima, G. Souza
. Superior agricultural yields are obtained from seeds which have a high physiological potential, these are conserved in the post-harvest stage. Thus, it is crucial to implement post-harvest projects with appropriate technologies related to the equipment used and the control of operations. This article presents a review of the technical-kinetic developments in the area of the technology of processing post-harvest soybean seeds, with a particular focus on the evolution and current circumstances of the sector. The findings from this research reveal significant tech nological advances in the drying, processing and storage of seeds at different levels and in various areas of soybean production. In drying systems, temperatures of up to 40°C are recommended, while seed batches must remain static in drying chambers. When processing and standardizing seeds, it is recommended that low-moving equipment and abrupt contacts with mechanical systems, such as pneumatic and gravity separators, be employed to minimize dropping and contact with seeds. In soybean storage, the applications of technologies that can control temperature and relative humidity, and also maintain the storage moisture content in a hygroscopic balance are recommended. The storage of seeds in coated big bags and artificial cooling; a controlled and modified atmosphere serve to preserve essential seed qualities. This review concludes that over the years, there has been a reduction in the cumulative losses due to post-harvest processes.
{"title":"Post-harvesting of soybean seeds – engineering, processes technologies, and seed quality: a review","authors":"L. Jaques, P. Coradi, H. Rodrigues, Í. Dubal, Claudir Padia, Roney Lima, G. Souza","doi":"10.31545/intagr/147422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/147422","url":null,"abstract":". Superior agricultural yields are obtained from seeds which have a high physiological potential, these are conserved in the post-harvest stage. Thus, it is crucial to implement post-harvest projects with appropriate technologies related to the equipment used and the control of operations. This article presents a review of the technical-kinetic developments in the area of the technology of processing post-harvest soybean seeds, with a particular focus on the evolution and current circumstances of the sector. The findings from this research reveal significant tech nological advances in the drying, processing and storage of seeds at different levels and in various areas of soybean production. In drying systems, temperatures of up to 40°C are recommended, while seed batches must remain static in drying chambers. When processing and standardizing seeds, it is recommended that low-moving equipment and abrupt contacts with mechanical systems, such as pneumatic and gravity separators, be employed to minimize dropping and contact with seeds. In soybean storage, the applications of technologies that can control temperature and relative humidity, and also maintain the storage moisture content in a hygroscopic balance are recommended. The storage of seeds in coated big bags and artificial cooling; a controlled and modified atmosphere serve to preserve essential seed qualities. This review concludes that over the years, there has been a reduction in the cumulative losses due to post-harvest processes.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43343890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdallah Bouasla, Hibet Errahmane Gassi, Katarzyna Lisiecka, A. Wójtowicz
Laboratoire de Génie Agro-Alimentaire, Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, INATAA 7 km, Constantine, Algeria Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, INATAA 7 km, Constantine, Algeria Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
{"title":"Application of parsley leaf powder as functional ingredient in fortified wheat pasta: nutraceutical, physical and organoleptic characteristics","authors":"Abdallah Bouasla, Hibet Errahmane Gassi, Katarzyna Lisiecka, A. Wójtowicz","doi":"10.31545/intagr/146427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/146427","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratoire de Génie Agro-Alimentaire, Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, INATAA 7 km, Constantine, Algeria Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, INATAA 7 km, Constantine, Algeria Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43697067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
treatments which contained greater organic carbon, soil organic carbon stocks, and microbial biomass carbon, which results in a stable soil structure. The no-tillage system, which produced the maximum organic carbon and soil organic carbon stock among the tillage systems, showed the highest amounts of mean weight diameter (0.15 mm), and water-stable aggregates (92%). Our findings revealed that the high energy moisture characteristics method was highly sensitive to macroaggregate stability in water. K e y w o r d s: aggregate slaking, microbial activity, soil management, structural stability, Aridisols
处理含有更多的有机碳、土壤有机碳储量和微生物生物量碳，从而形成稳定的土壤结构。在耕作系统中，免耕系统产生的有机碳和土壤有机碳储量最大，其平均重量直径（0.15mm）和水稳性团聚体的含量最高（92%）。我们的研究结果表明，高能水分特征法对大骨料在水中的稳定性高度敏感。K e y w o r d s：骨料消化、微生物活性、土壤管理、结构稳定性、Aridisols
{"title":"Impacts of soil organic carbon and tillage systems on structural stability as quantified by the high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) method","authors":"E. Farahani, H. Emami, P. Keshavarz","doi":"10.31545/intagr/145805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/145805","url":null,"abstract":"treatments which contained greater organic carbon, soil organic carbon stocks, and microbial biomass carbon, which results in a stable soil structure. The no-tillage system, which produced the maximum organic carbon and soil organic carbon stock among the tillage systems, showed the highest amounts of mean weight diameter (0.15 mm), and water-stable aggregates (92%). Our findings revealed that the high energy moisture characteristics method was highly sensitive to macroaggregate stability in water. K e y w o r d s: aggregate slaking, microbial activity, soil management, structural stability, Aridisols","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raúl Romero-Galindo, C. Hernández-Aguilar, A. Domínguez-Pacheco, J. Godina-Nava, Rumen Ivanov Tsonchev
*Corresponding author e-mail: clauhaj@yahoo.com A b s t r a c t. Drought stress has serious repercussions for agriculture, affecting crop growth with low yield effects concerning food production and food security. The main objective of this research is to conduct a scientific literature review of the physical methods used to generate tolerance to water stress in crops. (i) The most widely applied physical method to counteract the effects of drought stress is UV radiation, magnetic field application (18%), He-Ne and CO2 laser (18%), gamma radiation (9%) and plasma (6%). (ii) Treatments with ultraviolet light and magnetic fields have been applied mainly in cereals, vegetables, legumes, medicinal plants, and trees. Also, He-Ne, CO2 laser, and plasma in seeds in cereals and medicinal plants in the pre-sowing stage to seed level. Finally, gamma radiation has been applied to plants and seeds (grass, flowers, sugar plant). (iii) The reported physical methods can increase or decrease the biochemical variables under water stress depending on the physical method and radiation parameters applied, as well as the crop, level of drought and the environment in which the plants develop. Thus, UV radiation, magnetic fields, gamma radiation, and He-Ne and CO2 lasers are physical methods that produce seed and plant improvement effects. K e y w o r d s: physical methods, drought stress, seed conditioning, tolerance to water stress
*通讯作者e-mail: clauhaj@yahoo.com A b str A ct .干旱胁迫对农业产生严重影响，影响作物生长，造成低产效应，关系到粮食生产和粮食安全。本研究的主要目的是对用于产生作物对水分胁迫耐受性的物理方法进行科学文献综述。(i)抵消干旱胁迫影响的最广泛应用的物理方法是紫外线辐射、磁场应用(18%)、He-Ne和CO2激光(18%)、伽马辐射(9%)和等离子体(6%)。紫外线光和磁场处理主要用于谷物、蔬菜、豆类、药用植物和树木。此外，从播前到种子水平，谷物和药用植物种子中的He-Ne、CO2激光和等离子体。最后，伽马射线已经应用于植物和种子(草，花，糖植物)。报告的物理方法可以增加或减少水分胁迫下的生化变量，这取决于所采用的物理方法和辐射参数，以及作物、干旱程度和植物生长的环境。因此，紫外线辐射、磁场、伽马辐射、He-Ne和CO2激光是产生种子和植物改良效果的物理方法。主要包括:物理方法、干旱胁迫、种子调理、对水分胁迫的耐受性
{"title":"Biophysical methods used to generate tolerance to drought stress in seeds and plants: a review","authors":"Raúl Romero-Galindo, C. Hernández-Aguilar, A. Domínguez-Pacheco, J. Godina-Nava, Rumen Ivanov Tsonchev","doi":"10.31545/intagr/144951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/144951","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: clauhaj@yahoo.com A b s t r a c t. Drought stress has serious repercussions for agriculture, affecting crop growth with low yield effects concerning food production and food security. The main objective of this research is to conduct a scientific literature review of the physical methods used to generate tolerance to water stress in crops. (i) The most widely applied physical method to counteract the effects of drought stress is UV radiation, magnetic field application (18%), He-Ne and CO2 laser (18%), gamma radiation (9%) and plasma (6%). (ii) Treatments with ultraviolet light and magnetic fields have been applied mainly in cereals, vegetables, legumes, medicinal plants, and trees. Also, He-Ne, CO2 laser, and plasma in seeds in cereals and medicinal plants in the pre-sowing stage to seed level. Finally, gamma radiation has been applied to plants and seeds (grass, flowers, sugar plant). (iii) The reported physical methods can increase or decrease the biochemical variables under water stress depending on the physical method and radiation parameters applied, as well as the crop, level of drought and the environment in which the plants develop. Thus, UV radiation, magnetic fields, gamma radiation, and He-Ne and CO2 lasers are physical methods that produce seed and plant improvement effects. K e y w o r d s: physical methods, drought stress, seed conditioning, tolerance to water stress","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47444523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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