Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2066044
H. T, B. G., Jagadeesh S.L., Deepa Terdal
ABSTRACT Pomegranate seeds (PS) are valuable sources of bioactive phytochemicals and can be used as substrate for the production of nutritionally valuable and biologically active components that could find several applications as functional food ingredients, food additives, nutraceuticals and supplements and in phenolic-rich diets. Soybeans tend to play a dietary role despite the fact that they are excellent sources of protein, dietary fiber and a variety of micronutrients and phytochemicals. Soybean will improve the nutritional status of the bakery products when it is used partially to replace wheat flour. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential use of pomegranate seed powder (PSP) and defatted soybean flour (DSF) as a functional ingredient in the development of cookies and to determine its effects on nutritional composition of cookies. Different concentrations of PSP (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and DSF (25% and 30%) have been fortified in cookies formulations by replacement of refined wheat flour (RWF). The highest scores for overall acceptability were recorded in the treatment T1 [100% RWF (control): 8.07] followed by T2 [70% RWF +5% PSP + 25% DSF: 7.73]. The best four treatments, along with the control were taken from the sensory evaluation were analyzed for nutrient composition. Among the different treatments, treatment T4 (60% RWF +15% PSP + 25% DSF) recorded the highest protein (7.89%), ash (7.54%), crude fiber (17.10%) fat (24.54%) and total phenol content (18.40 mg GAE/g). Fortification of pomegranate seed powder and defatted soybean flour in cookies enhanced the nutrient composition.
{"title":"Development of Cookies Incorporated with Pomegranate Seed Powder and Defatted Soybean Flour","authors":"H. T, B. G., Jagadeesh S.L., Deepa Terdal","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2066044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2066044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pomegranate seeds (PS) are valuable sources of bioactive phytochemicals and can be used as substrate for the production of nutritionally valuable and biologically active components that could find several applications as functional food ingredients, food additives, nutraceuticals and supplements and in phenolic-rich diets. Soybeans tend to play a dietary role despite the fact that they are excellent sources of protein, dietary fiber and a variety of micronutrients and phytochemicals. Soybean will improve the nutritional status of the bakery products when it is used partially to replace wheat flour. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential use of pomegranate seed powder (PSP) and defatted soybean flour (DSF) as a functional ingredient in the development of cookies and to determine its effects on nutritional composition of cookies. Different concentrations of PSP (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and DSF (25% and 30%) have been fortified in cookies formulations by replacement of refined wheat flour (RWF). The highest scores for overall acceptability were recorded in the treatment T1 [100% RWF (control): 8.07] followed by T2 [70% RWF +5% PSP + 25% DSF: 7.73]. The best four treatments, along with the control were taken from the sensory evaluation were analyzed for nutrient composition. Among the different treatments, treatment T4 (60% RWF +15% PSP + 25% DSF) recorded the highest protein (7.89%), ash (7.54%), crude fiber (17.10%) fat (24.54%) and total phenol content (18.40 mg GAE/g). Fortification of pomegranate seed powder and defatted soybean flour in cookies enhanced the nutrient composition.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"504 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88394044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2060894
Ahmad Mostakhdemi, Rasoul Sadeghi-Majd, Masoud Zadeh Bagheri Najafabad, K. Vahdati
ABSTRACT Vegetative propagation of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is more difficult than many other fruit trees. Temperature, relative humidity, water status of the scion and rootstock, nutrient uptake, time of grafting, physiological condition of the rootstock, and scion type all can affect grafting success. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of post-budding irrigation frequency (3, 7 and 10-days), budding date (14 June, 5 and 26 July), and rootstock heading methods. All treatments and evaluations of their effects were performed in field conditions, for two consecutive years. Irrigation cycle, budding date and rootstock heading procedure all had significant effects. Bud take was greatest on 26 July (49.3%). Irrigation frequency had no significant effect on bud take but the 3-day cycle resulted in the best scion growth. Bend the branches to create shade at the bud site, rather than cutting the rootstock above the bud site resulted in the best bud take (61.1%). The results obtained in this study show that budding at the right time “provides better climatic conditions,” adjusting the irrigation cycle and choosing the best rootstock heading methods after budding, produces satisfactory results
{"title":"Evaluation of Patch Budding Success in Persian Walnut Affected by Different Treatments after Budding","authors":"Ahmad Mostakhdemi, Rasoul Sadeghi-Majd, Masoud Zadeh Bagheri Najafabad, K. Vahdati","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2060894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2060894","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vegetative propagation of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is more difficult than many other fruit trees. Temperature, relative humidity, water status of the scion and rootstock, nutrient uptake, time of grafting, physiological condition of the rootstock, and scion type all can affect grafting success. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of post-budding irrigation frequency (3, 7 and 10-days), budding date (14 June, 5 and 26 July), and rootstock heading methods. All treatments and evaluations of their effects were performed in field conditions, for two consecutive years. Irrigation cycle, budding date and rootstock heading procedure all had significant effects. Bud take was greatest on 26 July (49.3%). Irrigation frequency had no significant effect on bud take but the 3-day cycle resulted in the best scion growth. Bend the branches to create shade at the bud site, rather than cutting the rootstock above the bud site resulted in the best bud take (61.1%). The results obtained in this study show that budding at the right time “provides better climatic conditions,” adjusting the irrigation cycle and choosing the best rootstock heading methods after budding, produces satisfactory results","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"495 - 503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85854955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2060418
R. Chairat, S. Lertsiri, Kanitha Tananuwong
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and modified atmosphere (MA) storage on volatile compound production and quality parameters of durian fruit cv. Monthong during storage. Whole durian fruit harvested at the commercial maturity (75–80%) was fumigated with 0–1,000 nL L−1 of 1-MCP for 12 hours. The fruits were then kept in MA chamber fitted with a silicone membrane window at 15°C up to 4 weeks. Volatile aroma compounds including 3 sulfur compounds, 1 ester, 5 alcohols, and 1 ketone were monitored during durian fruit storage. The production of diethyl disulfide, 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane (2 isomers) and ethyl-2-methyl butanoate was strongly suppressed by 1-MCP/MA treatment. Husk and pulp color changes, pulp softening, respiration rate, production of ethylene, and fermentative metabolites were effectively retarded with 1-MCP/MA technique. 1-MCP treatment at 500 nL L−1 for 12 h under MA condition could extend the storage life of Monthong durian fruit up to 3 weeks without any negative effect. Therefore, this combined technique could be applied to maintain quality and control the ripening process of Monthong durian fruit.
{"title":"Volatile Compound Production and Quality Characteristics of Durian Fruit Cv. Monthong as Affected by 1-methylcyclopropene and Modified Atmosphere Storage","authors":"R. Chairat, S. Lertsiri, Kanitha Tananuwong","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2060418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2060418","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and modified atmosphere (MA) storage on volatile compound production and quality parameters of durian fruit cv. Monthong during storage. Whole durian fruit harvested at the commercial maturity (75–80%) was fumigated with 0–1,000 nL L−1 of 1-MCP for 12 hours. The fruits were then kept in MA chamber fitted with a silicone membrane window at 15°C up to 4 weeks. Volatile aroma compounds including 3 sulfur compounds, 1 ester, 5 alcohols, and 1 ketone were monitored during durian fruit storage. The production of diethyl disulfide, 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane (2 isomers) and ethyl-2-methyl butanoate was strongly suppressed by 1-MCP/MA treatment. Husk and pulp color changes, pulp softening, respiration rate, production of ethylene, and fermentative metabolites were effectively retarded with 1-MCP/MA technique. 1-MCP treatment at 500 nL L−1 for 12 h under MA condition could extend the storage life of Monthong durian fruit up to 3 weeks without any negative effect. Therefore, this combined technique could be applied to maintain quality and control the ripening process of Monthong durian fruit.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"481 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74526160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2060895
N. Acarsoy Bilgin
ABSTRACT In this study carried out to determine the pollen characteristics of walnut, Bilecik, Chandler, Fernette, Fernor, Kaman 1, Pedro, Şebin, and Şen 1 varieties were used as material. As a result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination it was stated that the pollen shapes were oblate spheroidal for all the walnut varieties. The pollen of the varieties exhibited diversity in pollen length (37.54–40.52 µm), width (41.10–45.02 µm), pori diameter (2.45–3.61 µm), distance between pori (11.28–14.41 µm) and spinules (0.54–0.73 µm), pore (16.40–23.00) and spinules (20.50–43.50) number, spinule width (0.18–0.26 µm) and length (0.09–0.28 µm). Results showed that in particular, the Fernor had the largest pore diameter, so their number per unit area was low. In contrast, Bilecik had the smallest pore diameter. Distance between pori of this variety was the least. Therefore, a large number of pori was observed on the surface. In addition, spinules sizes were determined to be larger in Şen 1, but smaller in Chandler variety than the others. In particular, these morphological properties of pollen can be used for identification of different varieties. Also, the pollen shape and exine patterning of the varieties studied were illustrated by SEM images.
{"title":"Morphological Characterization of Pollen in Some Varieties of Walnut (Juglans regia)","authors":"N. Acarsoy Bilgin","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2060895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2060895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study carried out to determine the pollen characteristics of walnut, Bilecik, Chandler, Fernette, Fernor, Kaman 1, Pedro, Şebin, and Şen 1 varieties were used as material. As a result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination it was stated that the pollen shapes were oblate spheroidal for all the walnut varieties. The pollen of the varieties exhibited diversity in pollen length (37.54–40.52 µm), width (41.10–45.02 µm), pori diameter (2.45–3.61 µm), distance between pori (11.28–14.41 µm) and spinules (0.54–0.73 µm), pore (16.40–23.00) and spinules (20.50–43.50) number, spinule width (0.18–0.26 µm) and length (0.09–0.28 µm). Results showed that in particular, the Fernor had the largest pore diameter, so their number per unit area was low. In contrast, Bilecik had the smallest pore diameter. Distance between pori of this variety was the least. Therefore, a large number of pori was observed on the surface. In addition, spinules sizes were determined to be larger in Şen 1, but smaller in Chandler variety than the others. In particular, these morphological properties of pollen can be used for identification of different varieties. Also, the pollen shape and exine patterning of the varieties studied were illustrated by SEM images.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"471 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84326601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2054906
S. Mwelase, A. Mditshwa, Lembe S. Magwaza, S. Tesfay
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to identify reliable science-based maturity indices for ‘Lamb Hass’ avocado fruit and evaluate the effect of harvest maturity on the fruit postharvest performance. Fruits were harvested from outside and inside canopy positions at early and mid-season for quality assessment. The results showed that the canopy position had a highly significant effect (p < .001) on all maturity parameters: dry matter (DM) content, moisture content (MC) and oil content (OC). The outside canopy fruit were more mature (30% DM, 70% MC, 14.9% OC) than those harvested from the inside canopy (28.9% DM, 71.1% MC, 11.75% OC) at minimum maturity. However, fruit DM and MC did not differ significantly (p > .05) between the early and mid-season fruit, whilst significant differences in OC were found between the two harvesting stages. In both harvesting stages, the canopy positions did not affect the rate of fruit mass loss. Nonetheless, the overall analysis showed that early season fruit had a significantly (p < .001) higher fruit mass loss rate than the mid-season fruit. Notably, fruit maturity did not have a significant effect (p > .05) on the fruit softening rate as insignificant differences between the two harvesting stages were observed. In both the harvesting stages, inside canopy fruit were characterized by a higher concentration of mannoheptulose and perseitol than the outside canopy fruit. The early and mid-season fruit also differed significantly (p < .05) in phenolic content; with the mid-season fruit having a high phenolic content (2.7 µm/g) than the early season fruit (1.8 µm/g), suggesting the possibility of increased mesocarp discolouration with the advancement in maturity. These findings will be a valuable tool to assist growers in assessing fruit readiness for harvest and understanding the influence of maturity on the fruit postharvest behavior.
{"title":"Maturity Indexing and Postharvest Performance of Newly Developed ‘Lamb Hass’ Avocado Fruit","authors":"S. Mwelase, A. Mditshwa, Lembe S. Magwaza, S. Tesfay","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2054906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2054906","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was conducted to identify reliable science-based maturity indices for ‘Lamb Hass’ avocado fruit and evaluate the effect of harvest maturity on the fruit postharvest performance. Fruits were harvested from outside and inside canopy positions at early and mid-season for quality assessment. The results showed that the canopy position had a highly significant effect (p < .001) on all maturity parameters: dry matter (DM) content, moisture content (MC) and oil content (OC). The outside canopy fruit were more mature (30% DM, 70% MC, 14.9% OC) than those harvested from the inside canopy (28.9% DM, 71.1% MC, 11.75% OC) at minimum maturity. However, fruit DM and MC did not differ significantly (p > .05) between the early and mid-season fruit, whilst significant differences in OC were found between the two harvesting stages. In both harvesting stages, the canopy positions did not affect the rate of fruit mass loss. Nonetheless, the overall analysis showed that early season fruit had a significantly (p < .001) higher fruit mass loss rate than the mid-season fruit. Notably, fruit maturity did not have a significant effect (p > .05) on the fruit softening rate as insignificant differences between the two harvesting stages were observed. In both the harvesting stages, inside canopy fruit were characterized by a higher concentration of mannoheptulose and perseitol than the outside canopy fruit. The early and mid-season fruit also differed significantly (p < .05) in phenolic content; with the mid-season fruit having a high phenolic content (2.7 µm/g) than the early season fruit (1.8 µm/g), suggesting the possibility of increased mesocarp discolouration with the advancement in maturity. These findings will be a valuable tool to assist growers in assessing fruit readiness for harvest and understanding the influence of maturity on the fruit postharvest behavior.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"453 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83128143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2047138
Ruining Zhang, Jinhui Lv, Jing Yu, Hailin Xiong, Ping Chen, Hongxing Cao, Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin
ABSTRACT Research and development of natural antioxidants are gaining popularity with their wide application in food and medicine. Papaya (Carica papaya L.), a plant of medicinal and food value, is widely planted in tropical regions. This study was conducted to compare the tissues of different organs of papaya as well as the leaves and flowers of 9 cultivars of papaya. The three methods, namely, the 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, were used to determine the total antioxidant activities. Also, the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content were investigated to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Our research shows that leaves and roots of papaya manifested higher antioxidant properties among all tested organs, and leaves and flowers of Daqing cultivar exhibited the strongest antioxidant ability. Overall, our results indicate papaya has the potential to become a natural antioxidant resource.
{"title":"Antioxidant Analysis of Different Parts of Several Cultivars of Papaya (Carica Papaya L.)","authors":"Ruining Zhang, Jinhui Lv, Jing Yu, Hailin Xiong, Ping Chen, Hongxing Cao, Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2047138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2047138","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research and development of natural antioxidants are gaining popularity with their wide application in food and medicine. Papaya (Carica papaya L.), a plant of medicinal and food value, is widely planted in tropical regions. This study was conducted to compare the tissues of different organs of papaya as well as the leaves and flowers of 9 cultivars of papaya. The three methods, namely, the 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, were used to determine the total antioxidant activities. Also, the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content were investigated to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Our research shows that leaves and roots of papaya manifested higher antioxidant properties among all tested organs, and leaves and flowers of Daqing cultivar exhibited the strongest antioxidant ability. Overall, our results indicate papaya has the potential to become a natural antioxidant resource.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"438 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78667475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2037038
Hafida Zitouni, M. Fauconnier, Lahcen Hssaini, Rachida Ouaabou, M. Viuda‐Martos, F. Hernández, S. Ercişli, Lhoussain Ait Haddou, Z. Messaoudi, H. Hanine
ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the individual phenolics and volatile compounds, as well as the organic acids of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) genotype fruits. The antioxidant activities were also assessed using three methods (DPPH, ABTS and βeta carotene bleaching assays) significant differences (p˂0.05) were observed among all the genotypes. Total phenols varied from 25.37 to 39.06 mg GAE/g dried weight (DW), total flavonoids ranged between 3.30 and 7.07 mg RE/g DW, and anthocyanins varied from 0.15 to 0.64 mg cya-3-glu/100 g DW. Moreover, the antioxidant activities were in the range of 3.33–21.08, 2.25–19.58, and 1.08–13 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW for DPPH, ABTS and βeta carotene bleaching assays, respectively. Seventeen phenolics compounds were identified by HPLC in A. unedo fruits. Gallocatechol and catechin were the most abundant compounds. Among the volatile compounds identified, hexadecanoic acid was the most abundant in all the genotype fruits. The principal component analysis revealed that the first two components formed 66.47% of the total inertia.
{"title":"Phenols, Volatile Compounds, Organic Acids and Antioxidant Activity of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo L.) Fruits Belonging to Five Genotypes Growing in Morocco","authors":"Hafida Zitouni, M. Fauconnier, Lahcen Hssaini, Rachida Ouaabou, M. Viuda‐Martos, F. Hernández, S. Ercişli, Lhoussain Ait Haddou, Z. Messaoudi, H. Hanine","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2037038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2037038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the individual phenolics and volatile compounds, as well as the organic acids of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) genotype fruits. The antioxidant activities were also assessed using three methods (DPPH, ABTS and βeta carotene bleaching assays) significant differences (p˂0.05) were observed among all the genotypes. Total phenols varied from 25.37 to 39.06 mg GAE/g dried weight (DW), total flavonoids ranged between 3.30 and 7.07 mg RE/g DW, and anthocyanins varied from 0.15 to 0.64 mg cya-3-glu/100 g DW. Moreover, the antioxidant activities were in the range of 3.33–21.08, 2.25–19.58, and 1.08–13 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW for DPPH, ABTS and βeta carotene bleaching assays, respectively. Seventeen phenolics compounds were identified by HPLC in A. unedo fruits. Gallocatechol and catechin were the most abundant compounds. Among the volatile compounds identified, hexadecanoic acid was the most abundant in all the genotype fruits. The principal component analysis revealed that the first two components formed 66.47% of the total inertia.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"414 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72706137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2039839
Anthony H. VanWoerkom, M. Whalon, L. Gut, D. Kunkel, J. Wise
ABSTRACT Residue profiling was used to determine the degradation curves of four key insecticides registered for use in US tart cherries. Single and multiple application treatment regimens with minimum and maximum seasonal applications were tested for their effects on residue levels at harvest. The effects of the cherry washing procedure were also tested. The residue profiles suggest that fenpropathrin, cyantraniliprole, phosmet, and spinetoram would be relatively low risk for US tart cherry growers to use when exporting from the US to most prospective international markets. Fenpropathrin exceeded the European Union’s MRL at harvest for single or multiple applications and unwashed or washed treatments, making fenpropathrin a moderate risk for export to the EU.
{"title":"Impact of Multiple Applications of Insecticides and Post-harvest Washing on Residues at Harvest and Associated Risk for Cherry Export","authors":"Anthony H. VanWoerkom, M. Whalon, L. Gut, D. Kunkel, J. Wise","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2039839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2039839","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Residue profiling was used to determine the degradation curves of four key insecticides registered for use in US tart cherries. Single and multiple application treatment regimens with minimum and maximum seasonal applications were tested for their effects on residue levels at harvest. The effects of the cherry washing procedure were also tested. The residue profiles suggest that fenpropathrin, cyantraniliprole, phosmet, and spinetoram would be relatively low risk for US tart cherry growers to use when exporting from the US to most prospective international markets. Fenpropathrin exceeded the European Union’s MRL at harvest for single or multiple applications and unwashed or washed treatments, making fenpropathrin a moderate risk for export to the EU.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"346 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83211190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2043221
A. Esmaeili, A. Jafari, A. Ghasemi, J. Gholamnejad
ABSTRACT Reducing post-harvest losses and increasing the shelf life of agricultural products leads to reduced production costs. Edible coatings are used to improve fruit quality and increase the shelf-life of horticultural commodities. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the possible effect of edible coatings, including tragacanth gum (TG), Eremurus extract (EE) and tragacanth+Eremurus at 0, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 g L−1, on the fruit quality of ‘Takdaneh Mashhad’ sweet cherry cultivar. Fruits were immersed in the treatment solutions for 3 min and air dried. Then after weighing and labeling, they were collected in fruit baskets and transferred to a cold storage at 0 ± 1°C and 85 to 90% relative humidity. These fruits were taken out of the cold storage at the beginning of the experiment and after 15, 30, and 45 days for measuring fruit weight loss, fruit firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity, vitamin C, fruit-edible quality, fruit color, and decay index. According to the results, fruits coated with 12.5 g L−1 TG and also 12.5 g L−1 EE coatings individually showed reduction in weight loss compared to the control treatment. These two treatments increased the qualitative appearance of the fruit such as fruit firmness, color and vitamin C compared to the control fruits. All coating treatments reduced decay index. The present study was the first study to investigate the effect of Eremurus alone or in combination with tragacanth gum on the physicochemical properties of sweet cherry fruit.
减少农产品收获后的损失，延长农产品的保质期，可以降低生产成本。食用涂料用于改善水果品质，延长园艺商品的保质期。因此，本研究旨在研究黄芪胶(TG)、沙棘提取物(EE)和0、7.5、10和12.5 g L−1浓度的黄芪+沙棘对“Takdaneh Mashhad”甜樱桃品种果实品质的可能影响。水果在处理液中浸泡3分钟，风干。称重、贴标后装入果篮，转移至0±1℃、85 ~ 90%相对湿度的冷库。在实验开始时和15、30和45天后，将这些果实从冷库中取出，测量果实失重、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量(SSC)、pH、可滴定酸度、总酚含量、多酚氧化酶活性、维生素C、果实可食用品质、果实颜色和腐烂指数。结果表明，与对照处理相比，分别涂12.5 g L−1 TG和12.5 g L−1 EE涂层的果实重量减轻。与对照果实相比，这两种处理增加了果实的硬度、颜色和维生素C等定性外观。所有涂层处理均降低了衰变指数。本研究首次探讨了沙棘胶单独或与沙棘胶联合使用对甜樱桃果实理化性质的影响。
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Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2040404
B. Sikirić, O. Stajković-Srbinović, E. Saljnikov, A. Litvinovich, M. Jovković, V. Mrvić
ABSTRACT The study evaluated the effects of lime and dolomite application (2 and 4 t ha−1) in combination with NPK fertilizer (1 t ha−1) or borax (50 kg ha−1) on micronutrient concentrations in the raspberry leaves and fruits grown in the soil with a strongly acid reaction. Changes in the content of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B) and Al in the soil and raspberry leaves and fruits were monitored during a two-year period. Calcification reduced the content of micronutrients and Al in the soil, as well as their content in the plant. Applied doses of lime or dolomite of 4 t ha−1 almost completely neutralized the high to toxic content of mobile Al in the soil, but the values in the leaves although reduced were still high. In all applied treatments, high and very high concentrations of available forms of Fe and Mn in the soil and/or leaves and fruits were significantly reduced. However, the Mn concentrations in the soil, leaves, and raspberry fruits were very high. Calcification did not reduce the available Cu in the soil, while this effect was observed in raspberry leaves and fruits where the Cu concentrations were within optimal values. After calcification, the Zn and B concentrations decreased in the soil and plant, but they mostly remained within the optimal values. The results indicate that due to the very high concentrations of Al and Mn in the soil and plant after lime application, additional doses of lime materials in more than one season are required.
本研究评价了石灰和白云石(2和4 t ha - 1)配施氮磷钾(1 t ha - 1)或硼砂(50 kg ha - 1)对强酸性土壤中生长的覆盆子叶片和果实中微量元素浓度的影响。对土壤、覆盆子叶片和果实中微量元素(铁、锰、铜、锌和B)和铝含量的变化进行了为期两年的监测。钙化降低了土壤中微量元素和铝的含量，也降低了植物中微量元素和铝的含量。石灰或白云石的施用剂量为4 t ha - 1，几乎完全中和了土壤中高到有毒含量的流动铝，但叶片中的值虽然减少了，但仍然很高。在所有施用的处理中，土壤和/或叶片和果实中高浓度和极高浓度的有效态铁和锰显著减少。然而，土壤、树叶和覆盆子果实中的锰含量非常高。钙化不降低土壤中有效铜，而在铜浓度处于最佳值范围内的覆盆子叶和果实中观察到这种影响。钙化后，土壤和植物中Zn和B的浓度有所下降，但基本保持在最优值范围内。结果表明，石灰施用后，由于土壤和植物中Al和Mn的浓度非常高，需要在多个季节中增加石灰材料的剂量。
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